

Board Answer Paper: March 2022

BOARD ANSWER PAPER: MARCH 2022

CHEMISTRY
Note: Answer to every question must be written on a new page.

SECTION  A
Q.1. i. (C) 8 [1]
ii. (A) molarity [1]

ns
iii. (B) fusion [1]
iv. (C) Mn [1]
v. (C) Na3[Fe(CN)6] [1]

io
vi. (A) C6H5OH [1]
vii. (B) silver [1]

at
viii. (A) amide [1]
ix. (B) 0.737 V [1]
Electrode reactions are
lic
At anode: Cd(s)  Cd (12 +M) + 2e–
At cathode: Cu (12 +M) + 2e–  Cu(s)
ub
The standard cell potential is given by
E ocell  E ocathode  E oanode
E ocell  E oCu  E oCd = (0.334 V) – (–0.403 V) = 0.737 V
P

x. (D) 1.34  10–4 [1]

CH3COOH + H2O 
 CH3COO + H3O
– +
et

(1- α)c αc αc
-5
Ka 1.8 ´ 10
α= = = 0.134
c 0.001
[H3O+] = α × c = 0.134 × 0.001
rg

= 1.34 × 10–4 mol L–1

Q.2. i. The product formed when alkyl halide (R – X) reacts with silver nitrite (AgNO2) is:
Ta

nitroalkane (R – NO2). [1]

ii. The product formed when acetone is treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine is:
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of acetone. [1]
iii. Nylon 2-nylon 6 is a biodegradable polyamide copolymer. [1]
iv. The given elementary reaction is bimolecular (i.e., molecularity is 2). [1]
v. Selenium reacts with magnesium metal to form magnesium selenide.
Mg + Se  MgSe
Magnesium Selenium Magnesium selenide
[1]

vi. The complex [Cu(NH3)4][PtCl4] and [Pt(NH3)4] [CuCl4] exhibit coordination isomerism. [1]
vii. Co-Th alloy is used in Fischer Tropsch process in the synthesis of gasoline. [1]
1
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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry

viii. Solution:
Henry’s law constant = KH = 0.159 mol dm3 bar1,
Pressure of the gas = P = 0.164 bar
Solubility (S) = KHP
= 0.159 mol dm3 bar1  0.164 bar = 0.026 mol dm3
Ans: Solubility of CH3Br gas in water is 0.026 mol dm3. [1]

SECTION  B
Q.3. i. Consider hydrolysis of methyl acetate.
CH3COOCH3(aq) + H2O(l)  CH3COOH(aq) + CH3OH(aq)
The rate law is rate = k' [CH3COOCH3] [H2O]

ns
ii. Explanation: The reaction was expected to follow the second order kinetics, however,
obeys the first order. Thus, reactions which are expected to be of higher order but follow
the first order kinetics are said to be pseudo-first order reactions. The reason is that solvent
water is present in such large excess that the change in its concentration is negligible
compared to initial one or its concentration remains constant.

io
Thus [H2O] = constant = k''.
The rate law becomes rate = k' [CH3COOCH3] k'' = k [CH3COOCH3]
where, k = k'k' '

at
The reaction is thus of first order. [2]
Q.4. Consequences of Schottky defect:
i. As the number of ions decreases, mass decreases. However, volume remains unchanged.

ii.
lic
Hence, the density of a substance decreases.
The number of missing cations and anions is equal. Hence, the electrical neutrality of the
compound is preserved. [2]
Q.5. i. Ethyl bromide yields butane on treatment with sodium metal in dry ether (Wurtz reaction).
ub
C2H5Br + 2Na + C2H5Br   C4H10 + 2NaBr
dry ether

Ethyl Ethyl Butane

bromide bromide

ii. Ethyl bromide yields ethyl magnesium bromide on treatment with magnesium metal in dry
P

ether.
CH3CH2  Br + Mg   CH3CH2  Mg  Br
dry ether

Ethyl bromide Ethyl magnesium bromide [2]

et

Q.6. Formation of peptide linkage:

i. One way of doing this is to combine carboxyl group of glycine with α-amino group of
rg

alanine.
ii. This results in elimination of a water molecule and formation of a dipeptide called
glycylalanine in which the two amino acid units are linked by a peptide bond.
 H 2O
H2N  CH2 – COOH + H2N – CH – COOH   H2N – CH2 – CO – NH – CH – COOH
Ta

(peptide bond)
(glycine) CH3 CH3
(alanine) (glycylalanine)

iii. It can be seen that a peptide bond or peptide linkage is same as secondary amide. [2]
Q.7. i. For very dilute solutions, the osmotic pressure follows the equation,
n RT
π= 2 ….(1)
V
ii. If the mass of solute in V litres of solution is W2 and its molar mass is M2, then n2 = W 2 .
M2
Substituting the value of n2 in equation (1), we get
 = W2 RT
M2 V

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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

 M2 = W2 RT
V
This formula can be used for the calculation of molar mass of a nonionic solute (i.e.,
nonelectrolyte), by osmotic pressure measurement. [2]
Q.8. i. Monodentate ligands: A monodentate ligand is the one where a single donor atom shares
an electron pair to form a coordinate bond with the central metal ion.
e.g. Cl–, OH–, CN–, etc.
ii. Ambidentate ligands: The ligands which have two donor atoms and use the electron pair
of either donor atoms to form a coordinate bond with the metal ion are called ambidentate
ligands.
e.g.
a. The ligand NO 2 links to metal ion through nitrogen or oxygen.

ns
O
MN or M  O – N = O
O

io
b. SCN has two donor atoms nitrogen and sulphur either of which links to metal MSCN–
–

or MNCS–. (Any one example)

[2]

at
Q.9. i. Atomic radii: The atomic radii increase down the group, as a result of increase in the
number of quantum shells.
ii. Ionisation enthalpy: The ionisation enthalpy decreases down the group due to increase in
lic
the atomic size. Group 16 elements have less ionization energy than corresponding group
15 elements.
iii. Electronegativity: The electronegativity decreases down the group. Oxygen has the
highest electronegativity next to fluorine amongst all the elements.
iv. Electron gain enthalpy: The electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative down the
ub
group. [2]
Q.10. Preparation of phenol from aniline:
Aniline is treated with nitrous acid [NaNO2 + HCl] at low temperature to obtain benzene
diazonium chloride, which on hydrolysis gives phenol.
P

+ –
NH2 N2Cl OH
et

+ HNO2 
NaNO 2
HCl

H 2O
Δ
 + N2 + HCl
273 K
Aniline Benzene Phenol
diazonium chloride [2]
rg

Q.11. i. Ethanamine from acetonitrile:

Acetonitrile on Mendius reduction yields ethanamine.
CH3  C  N + 4[H] 
Na /Ethanol
 CH3  CH2  NH2
Ta

Acetonitrile Ethanamine

ii. Ethanamine from nitroethane:

Nitroethane on reduction in presence of Sn/HCl or LiAlH4 in ether yields ethanamine.
CH3 – CH2 – NO2  LiAlH 4 / ether
 CH3 – CH2 – NH2
Nitroethane Ethanamine [2]

Q.12. CH3 CH3 O CH3 O

    
2H3C – C  Ba
( OH  H3C – C – CH – C – CH3 
) 2  H2 O
 H3C – C = CH – C – CH3

O OH H
Propanone 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(a Ketol) (B)
(A) [2]
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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry

Q.13. Solution:
Given: Amount of ideal gas = n = 1 mol
Initial volume = V1 = 10 L
Final volume = V2 = 15 L
To find: Work done (Wmax)
V2
Formula: Wmax = – 2.303 nRT log10
V1
Calculation: Gas constant = R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1
From formula,
V2
Wmax = –2.303 nRT log10
V1

ns
15
= –2.303 × 1 mol × 8.314 J K–1 mol–1 × 300 K × log10
10
= –2.303 × 1 × 8.314 J × 300 × log10 1.5
= –2.303 × 1 × 8.314 J × 300 × 0.1761

io
= –1011.5 J
= –1.0115 kJ
Ans: The work done in the process is –1.0115 kJ. [2]

at
Q.14. Solution:
i. The balanced equation for the reduction of Zn2+ to Zn is
Zn 2aq  + 2e  Zn(s)
–
lic
The equation shows that 1 mole of Zn2+ is reduced to Zn by 2 moles of electrons.
For reduction of 2 moles of Zn2+, 4 moles of electrons will be required.
ii. Faraday (96500 Coulombs) is the amount of charge on one mole of electrons.
ub
Therefore, for 4 moles of electrons, 4 F of electricity will be required.
Ans: For reduction of 2 moles of Zn2+, 4 moles of electrons will be required and 4 F of
electricity will be required. [2]
P

SECTION  C
Q.15. i. Chemical composition of haematite:
Fe2O3 + SiO2 + Al2O3 + phosphates
et

Haematite
Gangue
ii.
rg

Name Condensed electronic configuration

First element of group 17 Fluorine [He] 2s2 2p5
Second element of group 17 Chlorine [Ne] 3s2 3p5
Ta

[3]
Q.16. Depending upon how the monomers are linked together, that is, the chain configuration,
polymers are classified in three types:
i. Linear or straight chain polymers: When the monomer molecules are joined together in a
linear arrangement the resulting polymer is straight chain polymer. It is obtained from
bifunctional monomers or alkenes.
e.g. PVC, high density polythene.
ii. Branched chain polymers: Monomers having 3 functional groups or already having side
chains give rise to branched chain polymers.
e.g. Low density polythene.
iii. Three dimensional cross-linked polymers: Third type of arrangement is said to be cross
linked or network polymers where cross links are produced between linear chains. Cross
linking results from polyfunctional monomers.
e.g. Bakelite, melamine. [3]
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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

Q.17. i. Green chemistry is the use of chemistry for pollution prevention by environmentally
conscious design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or
generation of hazardous substances.
ii. Disadvantages of nanoparticles and nanotechnology:
Despite the possibilities and the advancements that the nanotechnology offers to the world,
there also exist certain potential risks involved with it.
a. Nanotechnology has raised the standard of living but at the same time, it has increased the
pollution which includes air pollution. The pollution caused by nanotechnology is known as
nano pollution. This kind of pollution is very dangerous for living organisms.
b. Nanoparticles can cause lung damage. Inhaled particulated matter may get deposited
throughout the human respiratory tract and then in the lungs.
c. The characteristics of nanoparticles that are relevant for health effects are size, chemical
composition and shape.

ns
(Any two disadvantages)
[3]
Q.18. i. Preparation of glucose from starch:
Commercially glucose is obtained by hydrolysis of starch by boiling it with dilute sulphuric

io
acid at 393 K under 2 to 3 atm pressure.

(C6H10O5)n + nH2O  H
393 K , 2  3 atm
 nC6H12O6

at
Starch Glucose
ii. Structure of adipic acid:
HOOC – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – COOH
Adipic acid
lic
(Hexane-1,6-dioic acid) [3]

Q.19. i. CH3 – O – CH2 – CH3 + 2HI 

Hot
 CH3I + CH3 – CH2 – I + H2O
ub
Methoxyethane (Conc.) Methyl iodide Ethyl iodide


ii. CH3 – O – CH2 – CH3 + PCl5   CH3 – Cl + CH3 – CH2 – Cl + POCl3
Methoxyethane Methyl chloride Ethyl chloride
P

iii. CH3 – O – C2H5 

dil. H SO
2 4
Heat, under pressure
CH3OH + C2H5OH
Methoxyethane Methanol Ethanol [3]
et

Q.20. i. Cationic complex: A positively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound

having a positively charged coordination sphere is called cationic complex or cationic
sphere complex.
e.g. [Zn(NH3)4]2+
rg

ii. Anionic complex: A negatively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound

having negatively charged coordination sphere is called anionic complex or anionic
sphere complex.
e.g. [Fe(CN)6]3–
Ta

iii. Neutral sphere complexes: A coordination complex which does not possess cationic or
anionic sphere is called neutral complex or neutral sphere complex.
e.g. [Ni(CO)4] [3]
Q.21. i. Solution:
For element with atomic number 25, the condensed electronic configuration for its divalent
cation will be
3d 4s
[Ar]

There are 5 unpaired electrons, so n = 5.

  = 5  5  2  = 5.92 BM
Ans: Spin only magnetic moment of the given ion is 5.92 BM.

5
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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry

ii. a. Condensed electronic configurations of Ti4+ is: [Ar] 3d0
b. Ti4+ ion has completely empty d-orbitals i.e., no unpaired electrons are present. Thus,
salts of Ti4+ are colourless, as d-d transitions are not possible. [3]
Q.22. i. Lanthanoid contraction:
As we move along the lanthanoid series, there is a decrease in atomic and ionic radii. This
steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii is called lanthanoid contraction.
ii. Preparation of acetic acid from dry ice:
Methyl magnesium bromide in dry ether solvent is added to solid carbon dioxide (dry ice)
to give a complex which on acid hydrolysis gives acetic acid.
CH3 – Mg – Br + O = C = O  d   CH3 – COOMgBr  dil.HCl
ry eth er
HOH
 CH3COOH + Mg(Br)OH
Methyl Dry ice complex Acetic acid
magnesium

ns
bromide
iii. Preparation of acetic acid from acetyl chloride:
Acetyl chloride on hydrolysis with water gives acetic acid.
CH3 – COCl + H2O  CH3 – COOH + H – Cl

io
Acetyl chloride Acetic acid [3]

Q.23. i. Classification of aliphatic ketones:

at
On the basis of types of alkyl groups bonded to carbonyl carbon, aliphatic ketones are
further classified as simple and mixed ketones.
a. Simple or symmetrical ketones: The ketones in which both the alkyl groups bonded to
carbonyl carbon are identical, are called simple ketones or symmetrical ketones.
e.g.
O
lic O

H3C – C – CH3 H5C2 – C – C2H5

Dimethyl ketone (Acetone) Diethyl ketone
ub
b. Mixed or unsymmetrical ketones: The ketones in which two alkyl groups bonded to
carbonyl carbon are different, are called mixed ketones or unsymmetrical ketones.
e.g. O O
P

H5C2 – C – CH3 H5C2 – C – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

Ethyl methyl ketone Ethyl n-propyl ketone
et

ii. Action of sodium hypoiodite on acetone:

Acetone is oxidized by sodium hypoiodite to give sodium salt of acetic acid and yellow
precipitate of iodoform.
O O
rg

CH3CCH3 + 3NaOI  NaOH

 / I 2
 CH3CONa+ + CHI3 + 2NaOH
Acetone Sodium Sodium Iodoform
acetate [3]
Ta

hypoiodite
Q.24. i. The half life of reaction is the time required for the reactant concentration to fall to one
half of its initial value.
ii. Relation between half life and rate constant of first order reaction:
2.303 [ A ]0
a. The integrated rate law for the first order reaction is k = log10
t [ A ]t
where, [A]0 is the initial concentration of reactant at t = 0. It falls to [A]t at time t after the
start of the reaction.
[A]0 [A]0
b. The time required for [A]0 to become is denoted as t1/2 or [A]t = at t = t1/2
2 2
Putting this condition in the integrated rate law we write
2.303 [A]t 2.303
k= log10 = log10 2
t1/ 2 [A]0 / 2 t1/ 2

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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

Substituting value of log102,
2.303
k =  0.3010
t1/ 2
0.693
 k=
t1/ 2
0.693
 t1/2 = [3]
k
Q.25. Solution:
Given: Given equations are,
CH3OH(l) + 3 O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l); rH = – 726 kJ mol–1 ….(i)
2
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ; cH = – 393 kJ mol–1

ns
….(ii)
H2(g) + 1 O2(g)  H2O(l) ; fH = – 286 kJ mol–1 ….(iii)
2
To find: The standard enthalpy of formation (fH) of CH3OH(l)
Calculation: Required equation is,

io
C(s) + 2H2(g) + 1 O2(g)  CH3OH(l)
2
Multiply equation (iii) by 2 and add to equation (ii),

at
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l) , rH = – 572 kJ mol–1
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) , cH = – 393 kJ mol–1
C(s) + 2H2(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l), rH = – 572 – 393
lic = – 965 kJ mol–1 ….(iv)
Reverse equation (i) and add to equation (iv),
CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)  CH3OH(l) + 3 O2(g), rH = 726 kJ mol–1
2
ub
C(s) + 2H2(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l), rH = – 965 kJ mol–1

C(s) + 2H2(g) + 1 O2(g)  CH3OH(l), fH = rH = 726 – 965 = – 239 kJ mol–1
2
Ans: The standard enthalpy of formation (fH) of CH3OH(l) from the given data is
P

– 239 kJ mol–1. [3]

Q.26. Solution:
Given: [Base] = 0.01 M, [Salt] = 0.02 M,
et

Kb = 1.8 × 10–5 for the weak base

To find: pH of the buffer solution
Formulae: i. pOH = pKb + log10 [salt]
rg

[base]
ii. pH + pOH = 14
Calculation: pOH of basic buffer is given by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pOH = pKb + log10 [salt]
Ta

[base]
pKb = – log10Kb
= – log10 (1.8 × 10–5)
= 5 – log10 1.8
= 5 – 0.2553 = 4.7447
Substitution in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation gives
pOH = 4.7447 + log10 0.02
0.01
= 4.7447 + log10 2
= 4.7447 + 0.3010 = 5.0457
From formula (ii),
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 5.0457
= 8.9543 ≈ 8.95
Ans: The pH of the given buffer solution is 8.95. [3]
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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry

SECTION  D
Q.27. i. Two or more solutions having the same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic solutions.
ii. The net spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution or from more dilute
solution to more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane is called
osmosis.
iii. Solution:
Given: Edge length (a) = 4.08  108 cm
Molar mass of gold = M = 197 g mol1
NA = 6.022 ×1023 atoms mol–1
To find: Density (ρ)
Mn

ns
Formula Density (ρ) = 3
a NA
Calculation: For an fcc lattice, number of atoms per unit cell is 4.
 n=4

io
From formula,
Mn
Density, ρ = 3
a NA

at
 ρ= 197 g mol 1 × 4 atom
 4.08 × 10 
8 3
cm 3 × 6.022 × 10 23 atom mol 1

= 19.27 g/cm3 = 19.27 × 103 kg/m3

lic
Ans: Density of gold is 19.27 g/cm3 = 19.27 × 103 kg/m3. [4]

Q.28. i. Isothermal process:

The mathematical expression of first law of thermodynamics is U = Q + W.
ub
a.
b. Temperature is constant in an isothermal process, and therefore, internal energy is constant.
Hence, ∆U = 0.
0 = Q +W

P

W = – Q or – W = Q
c. Thus, the heat absorbed by the system is entirely used for doing work on the surroundings.
When work is done on the system by the surroundings it results in release of heat.
et

ii. Adiabatic process:

a. The mathematical expression of first law of thermodynamics is U = Q + W.
b. In adiabatic process, there is no exchange of heat between system and its surroundings.
rg

Hence, Q = 0.
U = 0 + W
 U = +W or U =  W
c. Thus, an increase in internal energy of the system is the work done on it. If the work is done
Ta

by the system on the surroundings at the expense of its internal energy, the internal energy
accompanying the adiabatic process would decrease.
iii. Relationship between pH and pOH:
The ionic product of water is given as:
Kw = [H3O+][OH–]
Now, Kw = 1 × 10–14 at 298 K
Thus, [H3O+][OH–] = 1.0 × 10–14
Taking logarithm of both the sides, we write
log10[H3O+] + log10[OH–] = –14
–log10[H3O+] + {– log10[OH–]} = 14
Now, pH = –log10[H3O+] and pOH = –log10[OH–]
 pH + pOH = 14 [4]
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Board Answer Paper: March 2022

Q.29. i. A reference electrode is defined as an electrode whose potential is arbitrarily taken as zero
or is exactly known.
ii. Functions of a salt bridge:
a. It provides an electrical contact between two solutions and thereby completes the electrical
circuit.
b. It prevents mixing of two solutions.
c. It maintains electrical neutrality in both the solutions by transfer of ions.
(Any two functions)
iii. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE):

Cu wire Pure and dry H2

ns
gas at 1 atm
Glass jacket

Vessel

io
Mercury
Platinum
wire

at
Solution of Platinised
H+ ions (1M) platinum
lic plate
Standard Hydrogen Electrode
[4]
Q.30. i. Metal deficiency defect:
a. This defect is possible only in compounds of metals that show variable oxidation states.
b. In some crystals, positive metal ions are missing from their original lattice sites. The extra
ub
negative charge is balanced by the presence of cation of the same metal with higher
oxidation state than that of missing cation.
e.g. In the compound NiO, one Ni2+ ion is missing creating a vacancy at its lattice site. The
deficiency of two positive charges is made up by the presence of two Ni3+ ions at the other
P

lattice sites of Ni2+ ions. The composition of NiO then becomes Ni0.97O1.0.

Ni2+ O2– Ni2+ O2– Ni2+

et

O2– Ni2+ O2– Ni2+ O2–

Ni2+ Vacancy
rg

O2– Ni3+ O2– Ni2+

O2– Ni2+ O2– O2–

Ta

Ni3+ O2– Ni2+ O2– Ni2+

Nonstoichiometric Ni0.97O1.0

ii. Preparation of sulphur dioxide from sulphur:

Sulphur dioxide gas can be prepared by burning of sulphur in air.
S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g)
Sulphur Oxygen Sulphur dioxide
iii. Uses of sulphur:
a. It is used in the preparation of sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid.
b. It is used in the vulcanization of rubber.
c. It is used as an alloying element for making alloy steel.
(Any two uses)
[4]
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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry

Q.31. i. Ethyl bromide to ethyl methyl ether:

C2H5  I + NaOCH3 
 C2H5  O  CH3 + NaI
Ethyl Sodium Ethyl methyl ether
iodide methoxide

ii. Ethyl bromide to ethene:


C2H5Br + KOH   CH2 = CH2 + KBr + H2O
Ethyl bromide (alc.) Ethene

iii. Bromobenzene to toluene:

Br CH3

+ 2Na   + 2NaBr

Dry
+ CH3Br

ns
ether

Bromobenzene Methyl Sodium Toluene

bromide metal

io
iv. Chlorobenzene to biphenyl:
Cl

at
+ 2Na  
dry ether
2 + 2NaCl

Chlorobenzene lic Biphenyl [4]

P ub
et
rg
Ta

10
10