Std09 II Social Science EM

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SOCIAL SCIENCE
STANDARD NINE
TERM II
106
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CONTENTS
UNIT TOPIC PAGE No.
SOCIAL SCIENCE (106 - 180)

HISTORY
1. Beginning of Modern Age 107
2. The Industrial Revolution 121
GEOGRAPHY
1. Tamilnadu - Manufacturing Industries 129
2. Tamilnadu Transport and Communications 140
3. Disaster Management 152
CIVICS
1. The State Government 164
2. Rights and Duties of Citizens 172
ECONOMICS
1. Indian Currency 178
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Social Science
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of
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Erasmus in the sixteenth century.

Humanism still lives in higher education
in Europe and America”.
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But Luther was encouraged by the support
Social Science
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, w
for
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Sea Explorations
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Bartholomeo
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Dante
Name the author of “Structure of the Human Body”.

Social Science
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Bartholomeo
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“Spinning Jenny”
1779
1785
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James
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1837
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1764
1779
1785
1712
1814
1709
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James 1761
1858
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Davy
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1. Discuss the effects of the Industrial Revolution in the society.
2. Collect the pictures of inventions and inventors in Textile Industry and in

Power. Paste it in your scrapbook and write hints about them.
3. Assume you as a man of Industrial Revolution and write how was your life
style changed after the invention of Steam Engine.
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Social Science
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sector between Indian Government
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Coimbatore region. This is why

Coimbatore region. is known as ‘the
Manchester of South India’.
relies on electricity and are located near
Social Science
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Name of the Mills
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animal
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Sugar
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Puducherry
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and improvement of
road from Madhyakailash in Adyar to
Siruseri on Old Mahabalipuram Road
(OMR) for about 24 km was laid. This is
referred to as IT Expressway and it
serves as connectivity to all IT
companies.
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Social Science
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Thiruchirappalli
Arakkonam, Gummidipoondi and

Chengalpattu, MRTS Railway line
connects Chennai Beach to Velachery.
Chennai Suburban Railway
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Social Science
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Tuticorin
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Thiruchirappalli
are
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There is no Telegram service at present.
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in
1927
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internet
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Social Science
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3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The Earth we live is a dynamic A Disaster is an event which
self regulatory system. In the modern causes enormous physical damage to
world with the best available property, huge loss of life and drastic
communication facilities we are change in the environment. The
informed of extreme events that occur economic, social and cultural life of the
in any part of the world. In many people is affected and they need
circumstances events like the volcanic external help for food, shelter,
eruption, the earthquake and flood medicine, financial and social support
become harmful to human society. to overcome the disaster. Disaster is
classified according to the origin as
Hazard is a dangerous event, natural and man-made Disaster.
natural or human induced that cause
injury, loss of life and damage to
property.
FORCES RESPONSIBLE FOR DISASTER
Type of Disaster Forces Events
Geophysical Earth's internal force. Earthquakes, landslides,

disaster. tsunami and volcano.
Hydrological disaster. Surface water/glacier flow. Avalanches, flood.
Atmospheric events, Extreme temperatures,

Climatological Interaction of drought, wild fires,
disaster. atmosphere and ocean. Cyclones, storms, surges,
waves.
Man-made disaster. Human negligence. Industrial accidents,

pollution, acid rain, road
accidents, leakage of toxic
waste, war.
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Disaster Management: Disaster

Did You Know?
Management involves a continuous
The Tsunami of 2004
process of planning, organizing, occurred in the Indian Ocean and
coordinating and implementing the earth quake, China 2008 are the
measures to avoid loss of life and examples of the disaster.
property. The role of the authority is to
The Bopal Gas (Methyl
frame safe disaster management
Isocyanate) tragedy of 1984 in a
methods to protect people and Carbide plant is also an instance of
property. Disaster Management cycle disaster.
includes four stages namely
preparation, response, recovery and
Did You Know? India is prone to
mitigation.
natural disasters due to its
Disaster Management cycle geological set up.The Indo-
Australian plate is still moving at an
average of 2 cm every year toward
Eurasia, still pushing Tibet
upwards. Thus Himalayan zone is
vulnerable for earthquakes and
landslide. Apart from this, floods
and avalanches are also common
here. The northern plains are
affected by devasting floods during
Hierarchy of Disaster Management in India monsoon due to flat terrain and
torrential rainfall. On the other
National Disaster Management Authority. (NDMA)
Headed by the Prime Minister
hand North western part of India
and central part of Deccan are
State Disaster Management Authority
mostly affected by drought, famine,
Headed by the respective Chief Ministers at times flash floods and
desertification.
District Disaster Management Authority The coastal regions of course
Headed by the District Collectore or District Magistrate are affected by cyclones, storm
Social Science
surge and rarely tsunami.

Block Disaster Management Committee
Head by BDO and NGO's Preparation
1. First step is to strengthen the
Village Committee for Disaster Management basic information about the area
Panchayat raj and Committee like landform, slope, climatic
features, population, etc.
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Recovery
2. To list out the types of disaster
1. Providing temporary housing
the area is prone to like
facility, medical care,
earthquake affecting zone,
counseling, reuniting people
cyclone affecting area and so on
with their kin and kith, financial
3. To identify the local area which is
support, etc.
most vulnerable to such
2. Rehabilitation and
disaster, for instance, the either
reconstruction of the damaged
side of Adyar river and
property.
Velachery are flood prone area
within Chennai city.
4. Prepare schemes to deal with Mitigation
the disaster. Example 1. All activities that reduce the
a) Identify safe place for the impact of the event is said to be
people to be shifted to in case mitigation.
of disaster.
b) Form a volunteer group Warning systems in India
involving local people with The Department of Ocean
their contact number to Development in association with
coordinate at the time of Department of Science and
emergency. Technology (DST), Department of
c) Have a list of phone numbers Space (DOS) and CSIR Laboratories,
of the nearest Police station, has set up an Early Warning System
Fire service and Government for Tsunami and Storm Surges in the
hospital for immediate Indian Ocean. Generation of disaster
correspondence. warning is a multi-institutional effort.
Response The table gives the
Departments responsible for warning
1. Alert people before the the public of the disaster through
occurrence of disaster. proper media.
2. Respond to the grave situation The following are the agencies

at the time of disaster, example, of disaster management:
search, rescue and evacuate all
the people from the site of
incidence.
3. Arrange the essential items for

the people; example food,
shelter, medicine and others.
4. Assess the severity of disaster.
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AGENCIES - DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Agency
Heat wave/ Cold wave / Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

Cyclone / Earthquake
Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information

System (INCOIS)
Land slides Geological Survey of India (GSI)
Flood Central Water Commission (CWC)
Avalanches Defence Research and Development Organization

(DRDO)
Warning systems in Tamilnadu Effects of Flood:

Hotline between Indian 1. Loss of life and property.
Meteorological Department and the 2. Displacement of people.
State Emergency Operation Centre 3.Spread of contagious
(EOC ) is established. Dissemination diseases such as cholera,
to the districts is done through malaria, etc.,
telephone and fax. IP phones are also
available, which connect the State
with the district headquarters, taluks
and blocks of the State. Wireless
radio network; both high Frequency
and very high frequency are available
in the State.
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Flood : Sudden overflow of large

amount of water caused by heavy
rainfall, cyclones, melting of ice,
tsunami, etc., is called as flood. Low
lying flood plains, coastal plains and
river confluences are prone to flood.
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Did You Know? Cyclone:

From 14 to 17 June 2013, the
Areas of low pressure
Indian state of Uttarakhand and surrounded by high pressure is called
adjoining areas received about as cyclone. It is anticlockwise in
375% more than the normal rainfall Northern hemisphere and clockwise in
during a normal monsoon. This southern hemisphere.
caused the melting of Chorabari
Glacier at the height of 3800 metres,
and overflow of the Mandakini River
which led to heavy floods near
Gobindghat, Kedar Dome,
Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand.
The heavy rains resulted in large
flash floods and massive landslide. Cyclone Tornado
Unscientific developmental
activities undertaken in recent
decades have resulted in high level
of loss of property and lives. Roads
constructed in haphazard style, new
resorts and hotels built on fragile
river banks and more than
70 hydroelectric projects in the
watersheds of the state led to this
disaster.
The centre of the cyclone called
the eye of the storm is calm and
clear without clouds.
The condensation of vapour

releases more latent heat and
that gives the energy for the
cyclones to enhance further
evaporation and formation of
clouds.
India with a coast line of 7516 km

is affected by 10% of world tropical
Flood, June 2013, Uttarkhand
cyclone. 13 coastal districts of our
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state are prone to cyclones. Cyclones

occur in the month of May-June and in
October-November. Cyclones are
associated with strong squall ,
torrential rain, flood and storm surge.
The damage by cyclones can be
mitigated by growing shelter belts and
restoring the mangrove forests where
ever possible.
Water Shortage
INDIA
Cyclone Prone Area
Did You Know?
IMD has taken initiatives to

cover all blocks in Tamilnadu
with Automatic Weather Stations
Network.
Techniques of conservation of
water like sprinkle irrigation,
fertigation, pot hole irrigation, precise
Cyclone Prone Areas farming, and selection of suitable
Coastal Areas Prone to Tsunami variety of crop that can with stand
drought are some of the remedies that
Drought may reduce the impact of drought
Long period of rainless weather when it is possible to predict drought.
condition is termed as drought. The
severity of the drought depends upon
the degree of moisture deficiency, the Earthquake
duration, and the size and location of
An earthquake is a sudden
the affected area.
vibration or shake of the earth's crust.
Social Science
It is caused by the circulation of the

convection cells and the plate
movements.
An earth quake may cause the

landslide, avalanche, fire, soil
liquefaction and Tsunami.
Crop Damage by Drought
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Effects of Earth Quake:

1. Changes in the shape of the
earth’s surface.
2. Loss of life and property.
Seismic Zones of Tamilnadu

India is divided into four seismic
Did you know? zones, namely II, III, IV and V; Zone V is
The place of the origin of an the high risk zone. TamilNadu falls
earthquake is called “FOCUS”. The under moderate and low risk zones.
deepest earthquake may have its (Zone III and II).
focus at a depth of even 700km
below the ground surface. The The distsricts of Nilgiris,
place on the ground surface which is Coimbatore, Kanyakumari, Vellore,
perpendicular to the 'focus' is called
Thiruvallur , Chennai , Kanchipuram,
'EPICENTRE'. The seismic waves
Thiruvannamalai, Dharampuri, Salem
move away from the source of the
earthquake in the form of Primary and parts of Thirunelveli districts are
waves ( P Waves) Secondary waves classified as moderate risk Zone III.
(S Waves) and Long waves or The rest of the districts in TamilNadu
surface waves ( L waves). comes under low risk zones II.
Seismic Zones of Tamilnadu
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Tsunami: An extremely large wave in

the sea caused by the earth quake
occurring under the ocean floor. Apart
from huge loss of life and property the
environmental impact of tsunami is
tremendous. It affects the quality of
fresh water in the coastal aquifers. The
salt is deposited on the arable land by
sea water and it takes long time to Life threatening tsunami
restore the quality of soil. Man Made Disaster
Fire, industrial, technological,

transportation, nuclear accidents,
biological disaster and war are all
man-made disasters.
Fire
Fire is a disaster caused due to
electrical short circuit, accidents in
chemical factory, match and crackers
Facts about tsunami factory. handling fire by the side of
inflammable materials and near gas
An underwater earthquake, a
cylinders are also causing fire. Forest
volcano eruption or a landslide
wild fires are a major disaster all over
mostly causes a tsunami.
the world.
Tsunami can travel as fast as
500 miles per hour, without
being noticed and can cross the
entire ocean in less than a day.
When stuck in Tsunami, it is
recommended to grab a floating
object and allow the current to
carry you. Wild Forest Fire
The tsunami that occurred in The environmental impact of
December 2004 in the Indian forest fire includes emission of large
Social Science
Ocean is known to be the most amount of carbon dioxide leading to

powerful tsunami that has global warming, loss of bio diversity,
occurred till date. affecting hydrological cycle, reducing
Scientists can estimate an photo synthetic activity, and health
almost accurate time as to when hazards to human beings.
and which part is tsunami most Safeguarding life and property from
likely to occur. fire and forest fire involves three basic
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aspects: 1. Prevention 2. Detection

Did you Know?
and 3. Extinguishing. Public awareness
of what to do before fire, during fire and Chernobyl nuclear disaster 1986
after fire is of critical importance. (former USSR) and Japan, 2011
had experienced the most
hazardous nuclear disaster.
Industrial and Technological
disasters
General survival techniques

These disasters result from
accidents, failures, mishap or misuse l During flood forecast it is important
of some kind of technology. to stock up on first aid items, non-
perishable foods, 3 gallons of water
per person for 3 days, battery
operated radio for weather reports,
extra batteries, personal hygiene
necessities. Secure the cattle's in
an elevated place and store their
fodder and potable water. Listen to
the local Radio/ TV for instructions.
Cut off all the electrical supply
during flood and earthquake.
The Industrial Disaster: The storage
and transportation of various
hazardous materials used in industries l During drought period arrange
may result in industrial hazard fodder and drinking water for cattle
accidents. Recently, major disaster in drought regions. Form hazard
threats have emerged in the chemical and risk management service
and nuclear industries. groups and function effectively as
per the advice of scientific
community in each village.
l During the earthquake be under the

table, chair, kneel to the floor and
protect yourself. Go near a sturdy
wall, sit on the floor and hold the
floor strongly and protect yourself.
Chemical industry faces Use only torch lights, avoid candles
multiple risks involved with its and oil lamps because of fire risk,
production, transportation, storage, where earthquake occurred. Wear
usage and disposal off the effluents sandals while walking on rubbles.
containing residual chemicals.
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l In case of fire accident Call the l At railway crossings pay attention to

nearby police station, (No.100) or signal and the swing barrier. In case
the fire service (No.101) as soon as of unmanned crossing, get down
the firebreak. If caught in a fire or from the vehicle and look at both the
smoke, escape by crawling low to sides of the track before crossing the
the floor. If clothes are on fire, “Don't track. Don't touch objects which are
Run; Stop, Drop and Roll”. suspicious. Never jump from a
moving train.
l In case of Industrial hazards
previous knowledge of every aspect l On boarding the aircraft pay
of the chemical involved will help us attention to the flight crew safety
to act promptly to mitigate the demonstration. Carefully read the
disaster. Know the safety measures safety briefing card available in the
and follow the rules strictly. Handle seat pocket.
the chemicals with care. Source :
l Road accidents can be avoided if
1.Disaster Management And
only legal licensed person above 18 Disaster Mitigation Department
is allowed to drive. Learn, preach, Chennai – 600 005. Tamilnadu
and practise safety rules during 2.Central Board of Secondary
driving and walking along the road. School Education.
Together, Towards a Safer India-I
EXERCISE
I. Choose the correct answer:

1. Geophysical hazards are formed due to _______ force
a) Earth's internal
b) Earth's external
c) Microbes
d) Interaction of ocean and atmosphere.
2. National Disaster Management Authority is headed by_______
a) Governor
b) President
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c) Prime Minister
d) Chief Minister
3. All activities which reduce the impact of the event is said to be _______.
a) Preparedness
b) Response
c) Recovery
d) Mitigation.
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II.Match the following:

1. Human negligence Sudden movement of glaciers
2. Warning for Landslides Meterological hazard
3. Tamilnadu Central water commission

4. Extreme temperature Medium risk earthquake zone
5. Avalanches Manmade disaster

Geological survey of India
III. Write brief answers:
1. Define Disaster Management
2. Write two methods to mitigate the damage by cyclones
3. What are the measures to reduce the impact of drought?
4. Distinguish between hazard and disaster.
5. Mention the environmental impacts of tsunami.
6. Mention the environmental impacts of forest fire.
IV.Answer in a paragraph
1. Describe the Disaster Management cycle.
2. Name the agencies in India responsible for warning Natural disasters.
3. Write about the cyclones.
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1. Name a few tropical cyclones which you have come across so far and find
out the Northern Indian Ocean Cyclone names given by World Meteorological
Organisation for Tropical Cyclone.
2. Organize a mock drill for earthquake at your classroom.
3. Prepare a chart for emergency service numbers (Fire, Traffic, etc.,)
4. Map Skill.
Mark the following on Tamilnadu map:
1.The cyclone prone area of Tamilnadu

2. A region prone to frequent landslides
3. A district prone to drought
4. Region of formation of tropical cyclone
5. Earthquake prone area in Tamilnadu
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?
What are ordinances?
It is an official announcement of
Governor, when the legislature is not in
session. But, the ordinances must be
ratified by the State Legislature, within
6 weeks of reassembling State
Legislature.
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script and culture. Article 30 of the

Constitution grants the right of
minorities to set up their educational
institutions.
1.
2. Mandamus
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iii
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2. The fundamental rights are classified under _____ heads.
a) Seven b) nine c) six d) five
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Social Science
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ECONOMICS
1. INDIAN CURRENCY
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UNIT TOPIC PAGE No.

SOCIAL SCIENCE (106 - 180)

1. Beginning of Modern Age 107

2. The Industrial Revolution 121

1. Tamilnadu - Manufacturing Industries 129

2. Tamilnadu Transport and Communications 140

3. Disaster Management 152

1. The State Government 164

2. Rights and Duties of Citizens 172

1. Indian Currency 178

Erasmus in the sixteenth century.

But Luther was encouraged by the support

Name the author of “Structure of the Human Body”.

1. Discuss the effects of the Industrial Revolution in the society.

2. Collect the pictures of inventions and inventors in Textile Industry and in

sector between Indian Government

Coimbatore region. This is why

relies on electricity and are located near

Name of the Mills

Arakkonam, Gummidipoondi and

Chennai Suburban Railway

There is no Telegram service at present.

FORCES RESPONSIBLE FOR DISASTER

Type of Disaster Forces Events

Geophysical Earth's internal force. Earthquakes, landslides,

Hydrological disaster. Surface water/glacier flow. Avalanches, flood.

Atmospheric events, Extreme temperatures,

Man-made disaster. Human negligence. Industrial accidents,

Disaster Management: Disaster

surge and rarely tsunami.

2. Respond to the grave situation The following are the agencies

3. Arrange the essential items for

AGENCIES - DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Heat wave/ Cold wave / Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information

Land slides Geological Survey of India (GSI)

Flood Central Water Commission (CWC)

Avalanches Defence Research and Development Organization

Warning systems in Tamilnadu Effects of Flood:

Flood : Sudden overflow of large

Did You Know? Cyclone:

The condensation of vapour

India with a coast line of 7516 km

state are prone to cyclones. Cyclones

IMD has taken initiatives to

It is caused by the circulation of the

An earth quake may cause the

Crop Damage by Drought

Effects of Earth Quake:

Seismic Zones of Tamilnadu

Seismic Zones of Tamilnadu

Tsunami: An extremely large wave in

Fire, industrial, technological,

Ocean is known to be the most amount of carbon dioxide leading to

aspects: 1. Prevention 2. Detection

General survival techniques

l During the earthquake be under the

l In case of fire accident Call the l At railway crossings pay attention to

I. Choose the correct answer:

II.Match the following:

2. Warning for Landslides Meterological hazard

3. Tamilnadu Central water commission