Atlanta Houston

85 125
(10.6) Suppose that you are responsible for making arrangem
65 110
and that you have been charged with choosing a city for the c
100 105 expensive hotel rooms. You have narrowed your choices to A
120 120 named Hotel contains samples of prices for rooms in Atlanta
115 85 consistent with the results reported by Smith Travel Research
125 115 Because considerable historical data on the prices of rooms i
65 65 population standard deviations for the prices can be assumed
90 60 in Houston. Based on the sample data, can you conclude that
115 95 room in Atlanta is lower than one in Houston?
70 105
80 115
60 75 n1 n2 > 30>>>> normal >>
65 100
70 90
75 115 F 檢定：兩個常態母體變異數的檢定
65 160
80 65 Atlanta Houston
85 80 平均數 91.71429 101.125
95 60 變異數 445.5042 622.4199
85 85 觀察值個 35 40
85 130 自由度 34 39
85 110 F 0.715762
120 95 P(F<=f) 單尾
0.161762
90 90 臨界值： 0.571731
90 125
80 90
115 125
110 90 t 檢定：兩個母體平均數差的檢定，假設變異數相等
t 檢定：兩個母體平均數差的
125 85
80 55 Atlanta Houston Atlanta
125 150 平均數 91.71429 101.125 平均數 91.71429
60 120 變異數 445.5042 622.4199 變異數 445.5042
105 80 觀察值個 35 40 觀察值個 35
110 75 Pooled 變異數540.0208 假設的均 0
120 105 假設的均 0 自由度 73
130 自由度 73 t 統計 -1.769344
135 t 統計 -1.749648 P(T<=t) 單尾0.040506
120 P(T<=t) 單尾0.042191 臨界值： 1.665996
90 臨界值： 1.665996 P(T<=t) 雙尾0.081013
115 P(T<=t) 雙尾0.084381 臨界值： 1.992997
臨界值： 1.992997
making arrangements for a business convention
ng a city for the convention that has the least
your choices to Atlanta and Houston. The file
rooms in Atlanta and Houston that are
h Travel Research (smartMoney, March 2009).
prices of rooms in both cities are available, the
s can be assumed to be $20 in Atlanta and $25
ou conclude that the mean price of a hotel
n?

兩個母體平均數差的檢定，假設變異數不相等

Houston
101.125
622.4199
40
Private Public (10.13) The average annual cost (including tuition, room, board,
52.8 20.3 nearly a third of the annual income of a typical family with colleg
43.2 22.0
colleges, the average annual cost is equal to about 60% of the ty
45.0 28.2
33.3 15.6
show the annual cost of attending private and public colleges. Da
44.0 24.1
a. Compute the sample mean and sample standard deviation for
30.6 28.5 b. What is the point estimate of the difference between the two
45.8 22.8 the annual cost of attending private and public colleges.
37.8 25.8 c. Develop a 95% confidence interval of the mean annual cost of
50.5 18.5 textbook method.
42.0 25.6 d. Develop a 95% confidence interval of the mean annual cost of
14.4 bootstrap method.
21.8 e. Test the Ho: mean annual cost of attending private >= 45 with
f. Test the Ho: the mean difference of annual cost of attending p
significance.

Private
1 37.8
平均數 42.5 20.2 2 33.3
標準誤 2.207462 3 50.5
中間值 43.6 4 45
眾數 #N/A 5 43.2
標準差 6.980608 6 52.8
變異數 48.72889 7 52.8
峰度 -0.36675 8 42
偏態 -0.370657 9 50.5
範圍 22.2 10 42
最小值 30.6
最大值 52.8
總和 425
個數 10
信賴度(98.0%)
6.228217 6.228217

c. 98% C.I. (text) 36.27178 48.72822 12.45643 1%ile 44.99

d. 98% C.I.(boot) 44.99 44.99 0 99%ile 44.99

52.8 0.697427 8 37.8

43.2 0.044433 21 14.4
45.0 0.509994 11 20.3
33.3 0.852269 4 33.3
44.0 0.647074 9 50.5
30.6 0.761699 5 44
45.8 0.404942 14 15.6
37.8 0.489122 12 22
50.5 0.218867 16 28.5
42.0 0.699083 7 45.8
20.3 0.086336 19 18.5
22.0 0.912351 3 45
28.2 0.74911 6 30.6
15.6 0.918239 2 43.2
24.1 0.966381 1 52.8
28.5 0.428136 13 28.2
22.8 0.127283 17 22.8
25.8 0.067427 20 25.6
18.5 0.004636 22 21.8
25.6 0.285136 15 24.1
14.4 0.557319 10 42
21.8 0.094423 18 25.8
g tuition, room, board, books, and fees) to attend a public college takes
ypical family with collegeage children (Money, April 2012). At private
to about 60% of the typical family’s income. The following random samples
and public colleges. Data are in thousands of dollars.
standard deviation for private and public colleges.
ence between the two population means? Interpret this value in terms of
ublic colleges.
e mean annual cost of attending private and public colleges by using

he mean annual cost of attending private and public colleges by using

ding private >= 45 with a 0.05 level of significance.

ual cost of attending private and publice >= 20 with a 0.05 level of

t 檢定：兩個母體平均數差的檢定，假設變異數相等
44.99 -0.48 p-value= 0
1 44.99 -0.48 Private Public
2 44.99 -0.48 平均數 42.5 22.3
3 44.99 -0.48 變異數 48.72889 20.54182
4 44.99 -0.48 觀察值個 10 12
5 44.99 -0.48 Pooled 變異數33.226
6 44.99 -0.48 假設的均 20
7 44.99 -0.48 自由度 20
8 44.99 -0.48 t 統計 0.081035
9 44.99 -0.48 P(T<=t) 單尾0.46811
10 44.99 -0.48 臨界值： 1.724718
11 44.99 -0.48 P(T<=t) 雙尾0.93622
12 44.99 -0.48 臨界值： 2.085963
13 44.99 -0.48
14 44.99 -0.48
15 44.99 -0.48
16 44.99 -0.48
17 44.99 -0.48
18 44.99 -0.48
19 44.99 -0.48
20 44.99 -0.48
21 44.99 -0.48
22 44.99 -0.48
23 44.99 -0.48
24 44.99 -0.48
25 44.99 -0.48
26 44.99 -0.48
27 44.99 -0.48
28 44.99 -0.48
29 44.99 -0.48
30 44.99 -0.48
31 44.99 -0.48
32 44.99 -0.48
33 44.99 -0.48
34 44.99 -0.48
35 44.99 -0.48
36 44.99 -0.48
37 44.99 -0.48
38 44.99 -0.48
39 44.99 -0.48
40 44.99 -0.48
41 44.99 -0.48
42 44.99 -0.48
43 44.99 -0.48
44 44.99 -0.48
45 44.99 -0.48
46 44.99 -0.48
47 44.99 -0.48
48 44.99 -0.48
49 44.99 -0.48
50 44.99 -0.48
51 44.99 -0.48
52 44.99 -0.48
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55 44.99 -0.48
56 44.99 -0.48
57 44.99 -0.48
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60 44.99 -0.48
61 44.99 -0.48
62 44.99 -0.48
63 44.99 -0.48
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65 44.99 -0.48
66 44.99 -0.48
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68 44.99 -0.48
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70 44.99 -0.48
71 44.99 -0.48
 72 44.99 -0.48
73 44.99 -0.48
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78 44.99 -0.48
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80 44.99 -0.48
81 44.99 -0.48
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84 44.99 -0.48
85 44.99 -0.48
86 44.99 -0.48
87 44.99 -0.48
88 44.99 -0.48
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90 44.99 -0.48
91 44.99 -0.48
92 44.99 -0.48
93 44.99 -0.48
94 44.99 -0.48
95 44.99 -0.48
96 44.99 -0.48
97 44.99 -0.48
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99 44.99 -0.48
100 44.99 -0.48
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116 44.99 -0.48
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1467 44.99 -0.48
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1471 44.99 -0.48
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1500 44.99 -0.48
1501 44.99 -0.48
1502 44.99 -0.48
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1557 44.99 -0.48
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1600 44.99 -0.48
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1800 44.99 -0.48
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1999 44.99 -0.48
2000 44.99 -0.48
的檢定，假設變異數相等
t 檢定：兩個母體平均數差的檢定，假設變異數不相等

Private Public
平均數 42.5 22.3
變異數 48.72889 20.54182
觀察值個 10 12
假設的均 20
自由度 15
t 統計 0.07794
P(T<=t) 單尾
0.469453
臨界值： 1.75305
P(T<=t) 雙尾
0.938906
臨界值： 2.13145
College High School (10.16) The College Board provided comparisons of Scholastic Ap
485 442
on the highest level of education attained by the test taker’s pare
534 580
650 479
that students whose parents had attained a higher level of educa
554 486
higher on the SAT. The overall mean SAT math score was 514 (Col
550 528 2012). SAT math scores for independent samples of students follo
572 524 SAT math test scores for students whose parents are college grad
497 492 The second sample shows the SAT math test scores for students w
592 478 graduates but do not have a college degree.
487 425 1. (12%) Conduct appropriate descriptive statistics to summarize
533 485 2. (15%) Use the textbook method, with normal assumptions, to
526 390 equality of population standard deviations for the two groups ( H
410 535 your test statistics, p-value and conclusion. (use α=0.05)
515 3. (15%) Use α=0.05 and the textbook method, with normal assu
578 the sample data support the hypotheses that students show a hig
448 score on the SAT if their parents attained a higher level of educati
469 𝜇h ).
4. (10%) Use α=0.05 and the permutation method to determine w
support the hypotheses that students show a higher population m
their parents attained a higher level of education. ( Ho: 𝜇c= 𝜇h vs.
5. (36%) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in
on the SAT by using
a) the textbook method
b) 2000 bootstrap (normal assumption)
c) 2000 bootstrap (percentile method)
d) 2000 bootstrap (pivotal method)
e) Moreover, can you conclude the hypotheses test Ho: 𝜇c= 𝜇h vs
results?
6. (12%) Assume variances of both groups are equal; what is the
group to assure α=β=0.05? If the difference in population mean m
a) with the current sample size ratio.
b) with equal sample sizes.
ons of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores based
the test taker’s parents. A research hypothesis was
igher level of education would on aver age score
h score was 514 (College Board website, January 8,
ples of students follow. The first sample shows the
nts are college graduates with a bachelor’s degree.
scores for students whose parents are high school

tistics to summarize the data for each group.

mal assumptions, to test the hypotheses about the
r the two groups ( Ho: σc=σh vs. Ha: σc>σh). Show
se α=0.05)
d, with normal assumptions, to determine whether
students show a higher population mean math
gher level of education. ( Ho: 𝜇c=𝜇h vs. Ha: 𝜇c >

thod to determine whether the sample data

higher population mean math score on the SAT if
tion. ( Ho: 𝜇c= 𝜇h vs. Ha: 𝜇c > 𝜇h ).
for the difference in population mean math scores

es test Ho: 𝜇c= 𝜇h vs. Ha: 𝜇c > 𝜇h based on each C.I.

e equal; what is the sample size needed for each

n population mean math score on the SAT is 30 and
AirTran Southwest
(10.18) Researchers at Purdue University and Wichita State Unive
34 45
59 64
getting passengers to their destinations on time (Associated Press
43 42
Airlines were among the leaders in ontime arrivals with both havi
30 33 12% of flights that were delayed, how many minutes were these
3 66 minutes that delayed flights were late are provided in the file nam
32 105 a. Formulate the hypotheses that can be used to test for a differe
42 45 delayed flights by these two airlines.
85 28 b. What is the sample mean number of minutes late for delayed fl
30 38 c. Using =0.05 level of significance, what is the p-value and wha
48 85
110 75
50 45
10 33
26 50
70 63
52 42
83 35
78 33
27 64
70 65
27
90
38
52
76
Wichita State University found that airlines are doing a better job of
e (Associated Press, April 2, 2012). AirTran Airways and Southwest
als with both having 88% of their flights arriving on time. But for the
nutes were these flights late? Sample data showing the number of
ded in the file named AirDelay. Data are shown for both airlines.
o test for a difference between the population mean minutes late for

s late for delayed flights for each of these two airlines?

e p-value and what is your conclusion?
2006 ($1000s) 2009 ($1000s)
213100 155400 (10.39) Home values tend to increase over time under
226200 189800 recession of 2008 and 2009 has reportedly caused the
239100 200800 fall nationwide (Businessweek, March 9, 2009). You wo
214300 280400 support this conclusion. The file HomePrices contains
161700 213200 2006 and 40 existing home sales in 2009.
181200 181100 a. Provide a point estimate of the difference between
228600 117400 the two years.
222100 130000 b. Develop a 99% confidence interval estimate of the d
228900 170000 prices of houses in 2006 and 2009.
235800 149600 c. Would you feel justified in concluding that resale pri
219400 146200 declined from 2006 to 2009? Why or why not?
238800 54400
301800 213800
264200 186000
320200 182100
315000 180000
118900 215700
172400 164200
137500 95300
212800 239500
175400 207200
311400 188200
296900 169400
292500 185600
287700 177000
246500 178000
195600 161200
155300 249200
152400 146400
211200 99800
246700
173500
138100
112200
137500
147900
179000
116200
197500
164200
crease over time under normal conditions, but the
reportedly caused the sales price of existing homes to
March 9, 2009). You would like to see if the data
HomePrices contains data on 30 existing home sales in
s in 2009.
he difference between the population mean prices for

terval estimate of the difference between the resale

09.
ncluding that resale prices of existing homes have
hy or why not?
Current Year Previous Year
345 315 (10.24) The global Business Travel Association reported the
526 463 travel for the current year and the previous year (inc. Maga
420 462 a sample of 12 flights with their domestic airfares shown fo
216 206 a. Formulate the hypotheses and test for a significant incre
285 275 airfare for business travel for the one-year period. What is
405 432 significance, what is your conclusion?
635 585 b. What is the sample mean domestic airfare for business t
710 650 c. What is the percentage change in the airfare for the one
605 545
517 547
570 508
610 580
t 檢定：成對母體平均數差異檢定

Current Year
Previous Year
平均數 487 464
變異數 23238 18508.55
觀察值個 12 12
皮耳森相 0.970189
假設的均 0
自由度 11
t 統計 2.053576
P(T<=t) 單尾0.032288
臨界值： 1.795885
P(T<=t) 雙尾0.064577
臨界值： 2.200985
sociation reported the domestic airfare for business
evious year (inc. Magazine, February 2012). Below is
estic airfares shown for both years.
for a significant increase in the mean domestic
-year period. What is the p-value? Using a .05 level of

c airfare for business travel for each year?

he airfare for the one-year period?
 Player Round 1 Round 2
(10.26) Scores in the first and fourth (final) roun
Michael Letzig 70 72
Scott Verplank 71 72
tournaments are shown in the following table. S
D.A. Points 70 75
for the first round of a PGA Tour event is signific
Jerry Kelly 72 71 final round. Does the pressure of playing in the fi
Soren Hansen 70 69 player concentration cause scores to come down
D.J. Trahan 67 67 a. Use  = 0.10 to test for a statistically significan
Bubba Watson 71 67 and fourth-round scores. What is the p-value? W
Reteif Goosen 68 75 b. What is the point estimate of the difference b
Jeff Klauk 67 73 the population mean score lower?
Kenny Perry 70 69 c. What is the margin of error for a 90% confiden
Aron Price 72 72 population means? Could this confidence interv
Charles Howell 72 70
Explain.
Jason Dufner 70 73
Mike Weir 70 77
Carl Pettersson 68 70
Bo Van Pelt 68 65
Ernie Els 71 70
Cameron Beckma 70 68
Nick Watney 69 68
Tommy Armour II 67 71
 nd fourth (final) rounds for a sample of 20 golfers who competed in PGA
the following table. Suppose you would like to determine if the mean score
Tour event is significantly different than the mean score for the fourth and
ure of playing in the final round cause scores to go up? Or does the increased
scores to come down?
a statistically significantly difference between the population means for first-
What is the p-value? What is your conclusion?
ate of the difference between the two population means? For which round is
lower?
ror for a 90% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the
his confidence interval have been used to test the hypothesis in part (a)?
SAT Score SAT Score (10.42) In Born together—Reared apart: the Landmark
No Siblings With Siblings Segal discusses the efforts of research psychologists at
440 420 understand similarities and differences between twins
610 540 raised separately. Below are critical reading SAT scores
590 630
who share all of their genes), one of whom was raised
390 430
410 460
siblings) and one of whom was raised in a family with o
430 490
a. What is the mean difference between the critical rea
510 460 no siblings and the twins raised with siblings?
620 540 b. Provide a 90% confidence interval estimate of the m
510 460 reading SAT scores for the twins raised with no siblings
680 650 c. Conduct a hypothesis test of equality of the critical r
580 450 with no siblings and the twins raised with siblings at 
610 640
510 460
630 580
570 490
630 640
530 560
590 610
500 520
610 640
apart: the Landmark Minnesota twin study (2012), Nancy
rch psychologists at the University of Minnesota to
nces between twins by studying sets of twins who were
reading SAT scores for several pairs of identical twins (twins
of whom was raised in a family with no other children (no
ed in a family with other children (with siblings).
ween the critical reading SAT scores for the twins raised with
h siblings?
al estimate of the mean difference between the critical
sed with no siblings and the twins raised with siblings.
ality of the critical reading SAT scores for the twins raised
d with siblings at  = 0.01. What is your conclusion?