Subject: Greek

Class 02
29-Nov-2023
Instructor: Michael A. Masih

Test
During the First Fifteen minutes of class, a test will be conducted.

Revision Last Class

A quick look at the Alphabets and their pronunciation.

Diphthongs
- When two vowels occur together, they are called “Diphthongs.”
- They give a combined new sound.

Vowels Diphthong As in ‫اردو‬

α+ι αι aisle
α+υ αυ Faust
ε+ι ει Veil / Eight
ε+υ ευ Feud
ο+ι οι Boil
ο+υ ου Group
υ+ι υι Quit

- When double γγ occurs, it is pronounced “ng.” For example

- Αγγελος (angel) is pronounced “angelos,” not “aggelos.”

Class Number Page 1 of 4

03338020978
 Subject: Greek
Class 02
29-Nov-2023
Instructor: Michael A. Masih

Breathing Marks
1- Rough Breaking Mark
If a word starts with a vowel it will take a breathing Mark either “Rough
Breathing Mark” or “Smooth Breathing Mark.”
- There is no Greek word for the “h” sound.
- Rough breathing is a breathing mark placed on the vowels.
- It is written by placing an ‘ over the vowel.
- It always occurs on the first vowel, like ἁ, and then it will be pronounced
with the “h” sound.
Vowel Rough Breathing Pronounce ‫اردو‬
Mark
α ἁ ha
ε ἑ hey
η ἡ hey
ι ἱ he
ο ὁ ha
υ ὑ hu
ω ὡ ho
For example:
ἑν hen
Smooth Breathing:
- Smooth do not add “h” sound.

Vowel Smooth Breathing Pronounce ‫اردو‬

Mark
α ἀ a
ε ἐ e
η ἠ ey
ι ἰ ee
ο ὀ α
υ ὐ u
ω ὠ o

Class Number Page 2 of 4

03338020978
 Subject: Greek
Class 02
29-Nov-2023
Instructor: Michael A. Masih

For Example:

ἐν en
- If two vowels occur at the beginning of the word, then the ascent is placed
on the second vowel.
εὑρίσκω heurisko

Ascents
- Ascents show where the sound of a vowel will rise, fall, or fuse.
These three types of Ascents:
1- Acute:
It indicates that the voice should rise and the vowel should be stressed.
ά Άβραάμ
2- Grave:
It indicates that it falls on the vowel.
ὰ
3- Circumflex:
It is the fusion of the two vowels, which reflects voice will rise first, then it
will fall.
ᾶ

Class Number Page 3 of 4

03338020978
 Subject: Greek
Class 02
29-Nov-2023
Instructor: Michael A. Masih

Vocabulary
Ὰβραάμ Abraham
Δαυίδ David
Θεός God
Ἰερουσαλήμ Jerusalem
Ἰησοῦσ Jesus
Ἰωάννης John
Πέτρος Peter
Χριστός Christ

Class Number Page 4 of 4

03338020978