PRACTICAL REPORT

On
INTRODUCTION IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY – I LAB (MECHANICAL WORKSHOP )

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

By

Ravi Ranjan
(Rollno-0221DME072)

Under the supervision of

( SUBJECT CODE = AME – 0351 )
Mr. RAKESH KUMAR SIR, AJEET SINGH SIR, JITENDRA KUMAR SIR &
AJAY KUMAR SIR

Department of Mechanical Engineering

NOIDA INSTITUE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, GREATER NOIDA

Affiliated to

Dr . A.P.J ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW (U.P)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I would like to thank Head of Department Mechanical Engineering

Dr. Praveen Pachauri for giving me the golden opportunity to do a course on
COMPUTER AIDED MODELLING LAB ( P.T.C CREO LAB )

I also would like thank all the People that worked along with me, with their patience and
openness they created an enjoyable learning environment. It is indeed with a great sense of
pleasure and immense of gratitude that I acknowledge the help of these individuals.

I am highly indebted to Director Dr. Vinod M. Kapse and Prof. Sanjay Maurya, for the facility
provided to accomplish this in this course. I would like to thank my Head of the Department
Dr. Praveen Pachauri for his constructive criticism throughout my course. I would like to thank
Prof AJAY KUMAR SIR, internship coordinator Department of ME for his support and advices
to complete internship in COMPUTER AIDED MODELLING LAB.

I am extremely grateful to my department staff members and friends who helped me in

successful completion of this course.

Ravi Ranjan

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 CANDIDATE DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B Tech COURSE
Report entitled “Introduction in PTC CREO and MODELLING ” for the award of the Bachelor
of Technology in Mechanical Engineering and submitted to the Department of Mechanical
Engineering is an authentic record of my own work carried out under supervision of MR. AJAY
KUMAR SIR, Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Date: NOVEMBEFR, 2022

Ravi Ranjan

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 INDEX

S No. Page no.

1 Introduction Towards Industry 4.0 ................................ 5……

2 History of Industry 4.0 .................................................. 6
3 What is Industry 4.0? .................................................. 7-8
4 IDEA Lab ...................................................................... 9
5 Designing & Simulation ............................................... 10
6 3D Printing ................................................................. 11-12
6.1) SLS …………
6.2) FDM……….
6.3) SLA…………
7 CNC Machine ............................................................. 13-14
7.1) CNC Lathe……
7.2) CNC Router……
8 Robotics ......................................................................15
9 IoT Lab ........................................................................ 16
10 Laser Cutting & Laser Engraving ................................... 17
11 Flex Printing & Vinyl Cutting ......................................... 18
12 Conclusion ................................................................... 19
13 Bibliography ................................................................ 20

CHAPTER: 01

Introduction To Industry 4.0

The word “revolution” denotes abrupt and radical change. Revolutions have occurred
throughout history when new technologies and novel ways of perceiving the world trigger a
profound change in economic systems and social structures.

“An innovation is therefore recognized by what it generates in terms of individual and

collective uses, which are all the more numerous and varied because it is important. But we

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can also argue that the characteristic of true innovation is to restructure the real needs of
Humanity by opening them to the possible, by definition totally unpredictable”. These
sentences obviously situate the concept of Industry 4.0 in the fields of innovation seen as a
conjecture in advance of the real practice, likely to generate the relationships of individuals
and their societies with the future.

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CHAPTER:02

HISTORY OF INDUSTRY 4.0

• As we know, the First Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century through the use
of steam power and mechanisation of production.
• The Second Industrial Revolution began in the 19th century through the discovery of
electricity and assembly line production. Henry Ford (1863-1947) took the idea of mass
production from a slaughterhouse in Chicago. Henry Ford carried over these principles
into automobile production and drastically altered it in the process.
• The Third Industrial Revolution began in the ’70s in the 20th century through partial
automation using memory-programmable controls and computers. Since the
introduction of these technologies, we are now able to automate an entire production
process - without human assistance. Known examples of this are robots that perform
programmed sequences without human intervention.
• We are currently implementing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This is characterised
by the application of information and communication technologies to industry and is
also known as "Industry 4.0". The networking of all systems leads to "cyber-physical
production systems" and therefore smart factories, in which production systems,
components and people communicate via a network and production is nearly
autonomous.

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CHAPTER:03
What is Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing the way companies manufacture, improve and distribute
their production.

There are nine pillars of industry 4.0: (Fig 3.1)

3.1) Big Data/Analytics:
The use of advanced computing technologies on huge data sets to discover
valuable correlations, patterns, trends, and preferences for companies to make
better decisions.

3.2) Internet of Things:

A concept that refers to connections between physical objects like sensors or
machines and the Internet. IoT stands for the Industrial Internet of Things, a
concept that refers to the connections between people, data, and machines as
they relate to manufacturing.

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3.3) Autonomous System:
Industry 4.0 uses advanced robotics to increase productivity by taking over manual tasks and
accomplishing them faster, which is known as the factory of the future. The assembly of
flexible parts is one example.

3.4) Cloud Computing:

Cloud computing is an application-based software infrastructure that stores data on remote
serves, which can be accessed through the internet.

3.5) Cyber Security:

Industry 4.0 encompasses the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and smart manufacturing. It
joins physical production and operations with smart digital technology, machine learning and
big data to create better connected systems for companies that focus on manufacturing and
supply chain management.

3.6) Simulation:
Simulation in manufacturing systems is the use of software to make computer models of
manufacturing systems, so to analyse them and thereby obtain important information. It has
been syndicated as the second most popular management science among manufacturing
managers.

3.7) Horizontal & Vertical Integration:

When it comes to production, horizontal integration has come to refer to wellintegrated
processes at the production-floor level as well, while vertical integration means that the
production floor is tightly coordinated with higher-level business processes such
as procurement and quality control.

3.8) Augmented Reality:

Augmented Reality in Industry 4.0 are several and are aimed at supporting technicians in their
real working environment. Through augmented reality, the user can visualize step-bystep
procedures of the task to be performed or even get visual instructions in real time from
experts with remote assistance systems.

3.9) Advanced Manufacturing:

Advanced manufacturing technologies, or Industry 4.0, involves automating traditional
manufacturing processes using technologies such as robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), big data
analytics, artificial intelligence, and autonomous systems.

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CHAPTER: 04

Idea Lab

• The purpose of IDEA (Idea Development, Evaluation & Application) Lab is to provide all
facilities under one roof, for conversion of an idea into a prototype. With these facilities
in the campus, more students and faculty will be encouraged to take up creative work
and, in the process, get training on creative thinking, problem solving, collaboration etc.
• AICTE has decided to establish AICTE-IDEA (Idea Development, Evaluation & Application)
Lab in AICTE approved institutions, encouraging students for application of science,
technologies, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fundamentals towards enhanced
hands-on experience, learning by doing and product visualisation.
• “IDEA Lab is a vision which is provided to student to encourage themselves toward
entrepreneurship, which make them job giver not job seeker.”
• IDEA Lab is to make student mind toward invention or innovation.

S No.
Inventio n Innovatio n
1. Invention is a novel product, device, Innovation is the introduction of a
process, or concept. newer and better solution that meet
new requirements or existing
market needs.
2. Requires knowledge, competence,
and financial aid. Requires technical knowledge,
competence, knowledge about
market needs, trends, and financial
support.
3. Creation of a new product. Adding value to something already
existing.
4. Single product or process. Combination of various products
and process.
5. Completely new product. Modifying the current product.

7. Unique product or service. Mix of various products.

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8. All the parties work for it.
Only for research and development.

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 9. E.g.: invention of the printing
press, electricity, telephone, etc E.g.: introduction of the iPhone,
tablet, flat screen TV, etc.
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20
CHAPTER: 05

Designing & Simulation

5.1) What is Designing?

The set of strategic and tactical activities from the initial idea to commercialisation, used to
create a product design.

5.2) What is Simulation?

• Simulation is a key technology for developing planning and exploratory models to
optimize decision making as well as the design and operations of complex and smart
production systems.
• As for both designing and simulation, we use many software like: - PTC Creo, Auto CAD,
etc.

5.3) PTC Creo:

Creo is a family of Computer-aided design apps supporting product design for discrete
manufacturers and is developed by PTC. It was created by Parametric Technology Corporation
(PTC) and was the first of its kind to market. The suite consists of apps, each delivering a
distinct set of capabilities for a user role within product development.

Creo runs on Microsoft Windows and provides apps for 3D CAD parametric feature solid
modelling, 3D direct modelling, 2D orthographic views, Finite Element Analysis and
simulation, schematic design, technical illustrations, and viewing and visualization. As shown
in figure 5.0

11
Fig 5.0 3d CAD

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CHAPTER: 06

3D Printing

6.1) What is Rapid Prototyping?

Rapid prototyping is the speedy creation of a full-scale model. The word prototype comes
from the Latin words proto (original) and typus (model). In manufacturing, rapid
prototyping is used to create a three-dimensional model of a part or product.

6.2) What is 3D printing?

3D printing is a manufacturing process extensively used to describe additive manufacturing.
Using a 3D printer, this process involves adding material layer by layers, such as metal or
plastic, producing a three-dimensional object.

6.3) What is FDM printer?

• Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Technology works with specialized 3D printers and
production-grade thermoplastics to build strong, durable and dimensionally stable
parts with the best accuracy and repeatability of any 3D printing technology.
• This is a technology that has been patented by Stratasys and it is a technology that
enables the creation of prototypes in a very short timeframe. This technology is also
known as Fused Filament Fabrication or FFF 3D printing. All Tractus 3D industrial
printers make use of this technology. But what is it exactly and what are the things to
consider to find the best FDM 3D printer that suits your needs.
• In some industries Pratham 5.0 and Wasp Delta Turbo 2 is used as FDM 3D printing
machine.

6.4) Pratham 5.0:

Pratham 5.0 is one of the most advanced Heavy Duty FDM 3D Printer available in Indian
market. Perfectly made for Industrial use, Equipped with 7 inches touch Display, Filament
detection, Power failure resume, Auto bed levelling. This combination of advance features
makes it perfect choice for any Engineer, Designer, Industrialist.
Product Specification
• Model Name/Number: Pratham 5.0
• Brand: Make3d
• Industry: Automotive
• Material: Polyamide (PLA)
• Colour: White

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 • Technology: FDM
• Software Supporting: Cura, Open Source
• Usage/Application: Industrial
• Connectivity: USB
• Display: Touch Screen Display
• As shown in figure 6.2

6.5) Wasp Delta Turbo 2:

• Printing volume: Ø200mm x h400 mm
• Print chamber: closed and heated
• Minimum layer height: 50 microns
• Maximum printing speed (*): 500 mm/s
• Maximum travel speed (*): 1000 mm/s
• Acceleration (*): 15.000 mm/s2
• Maximum bed temperature: 120 C°
• Nozzle diameter: Red Spitfire with LT cartridge and nozzle of 0.4 diameter standard
• Use: 20-30 C°
• Warehouse: 0-30 C°
• As shown in figure 6.1

6.6) What is SLA printer?

Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing is the most common resin 3D printing process that has
become vastly popular for its ability to produce high-accuracy, isotropic, and watertight
prototypes and end-use parts in a range of advanced materials with fine features and smooth
surface finish. In general, Form labs Form 2 are used in industries as an SLA 3D printer.

.
Fig 6.1 Wasp Delta Turbo 2 Fig 6.2 Pratham 5.0

CHAPTER: 07
CNC Machine
7.1) What is CNC?

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Computer numerical control (CNC) is a method for automating control of machine tools
through the use of software embedded in a microcomputer attached to the tool. It is
commonly used in manufacturing for machining metal and plastic parts.

7.2) What is CAM?

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software and computercontrolled
machinery to automate a manufacturing process. Based on that definition, you need three
components for a CAM system to function: Software that tells a machine how to make a
product by generating toolpaths

7.3) CNC Lathe Work holding Methods & Devices:

• Automatic jaws.
• Manually tightened jaws.
• Indexing chucks.
• Collets.

7.4) CNC Lathe Machine:

• Model: Sprint 16TC
• Chuck size: 165mm (std.) & 200mm (opt.)
• Max. turning length with chuck: 300mm
• Max. turning length between centre: 325mm
• Dictate Format: G-code

7.5) CNC Router:

A computer numerical control router is a computer-controlled cutting machine which typically
mounts a hand-held router as a spindle which is used for cutting various materials, such as
wood, composites, metals, plastics, glass, and foams. As shown in figure 7.1

7.5.1) Working Principle:

For CNC router machine, the cutting tool will be fitted into spindle and by using rotating
method to start the cutting process. Spindle will rotate with suitable speed to obtain high
quality products. The cutter looks like a drill bit and is spun by a motor called spindle.

Fig 7.1 CNC ROUTER

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7.6) CNC STONE ENGRAVING MACHINE:
• Model: MV Laser-1325
• Machine Size: 3600 x 2100 x 1800 mm
• Working Area (X, Y, Z): 1300 x 2500 x 400 mm
• Spindle Speed: 24000 RPM
• Cutting Tool Diameter: 1mm – 16mm
• Operating System: Nk105 control system
• Dictate Format: G-code
• As shown in figure 7.0

7.5) CNC Lathe Machine:

Operated with Computer Numerical Control (CNC) systems and provided with precise
design instructions, CNC Lathes are machine tools where the material or part is clamped
and rotated by the main spindle, while the cutting tool that work on the material, is
mounted and moved in various axis.

7.6) Working principle of CNC Lathe machine:

CNC machining is a metal fabrication method where written code controls the machinery in
the manufacturing process. The code determines everything from the movement of the
cutting head and the part to spindle speed, RPMs, etc. CNC machining services use a
subtractive fabrication method.

7.8) Form labs Form 2:

The Form 2 set the standard for affordable, professional 3D printing. With the announcement
of the Form 3, we have now stocked out of new Form 2 printers. We've introduced the
Refurbished Form 2 Basic Package to extend availability for the Form 2 platform.

• Model: Form2
• Technology: Stereolithography (SLA)
• Build Volume: 145 × 145 × 175 mm
• Layer Thickness (Axis Resolution): 25, 50, 100 microns
• As shown in figure 7.2

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Fig 7.2 Formlabs Form 2

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CHAPTER: 08

Robotics
8.1) What is Robotics in Industry 4.0?
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence are destined to be inherently intertwined. A majority of
early robotics were “pre-programmed” to produce a pre-determined physical series of
movements for manufacturing or transportation.

8.2) How does Industry 4.0 use robotics?

Industry 4.0 uses robotics to increase productivity by taking over manual tasks and
accomplishing them faster, which is known as the factory of the future. The assembly of
flexible parts is one example.

8.3) What is the purpose of industrial robots?

Industrial robots are robotic arms that can move in several directions and can be programmed
to carry out many different types of tasks in different environments. These industrial robots
can work: In varying environments like high-pressure and vacuum chambers. In clean
workrooms and in terribly dirty areas.

8.4) KUKA Robot:

• Model: KR 10 R1420
• Pay load: 10 kg
• Max. reach: 1420 mm
• Operating conditions: Ambient temperature during operation 5°C to 45°C (278 K to 318
K).
• As shown in Figure 8.0

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 Fig 8.0 KUKA Robot
CHAPTER:09

IoT Lab

What is IoT in Industry 4.0?

IoT stands for Internet of Things, a concept that refers to connections between physical
objects like sensors or machines and the Internet as shown in figure 9.0.

A normal IoT kit contains:

I. Arduino.
II. Breadboard.
III. Jumper Wires. IV. Sensors.

9.1) Arduino:
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community
that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices.

9.2) Breadboard:
A breadboard, solderless breadboard, protoboard, or terminal array board is a construction
base used to build semi-permanent prototypes of electronic circuits. Unlike stripboard,
breadboards do not require soldering or destruction to tracks and are hence reusable.

9.3) Jumper Wires:

A jump wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each
end, which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components, without
soldering.

9.4) Sensors:
A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical
phenomenon. In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem
that detects events or changes in its environment and sends the information to other
electronics, frequently a computer processor.

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. fig9.0 Breadboard, Ardino, Sensors

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CHAPTER: 10

Laser Cutting & Laser Engraving

10.1) What is Laser Cutting?
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to vaporize materials, resulting in a cut
edge. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is now used by
schools, small businesses.

Laser cutting is a process that uses a laser to cut different materials for both
industrial and more artistic applications, such as etching’s, architecture, and
hobbyists.

10.2) What is Laser Engraving?

Laser engraving is the practice of using lasers to engrave an object. Laser marking, on the other
hand, is a broader category of methods to leave marks on an object, which in some cases, also
includes colour change due to chemical/molecular alteration, charring, foaming, melting,
ablation, and more.

10.3) MV Laser Machine:

Machine structure is made with 3mm metal sheet, it is more stable than normal machine
structure than this market. More steady and difficult deformation and protect rust.
Machine design with pass-through back window design, so longer size materials available.

Product Specification
• Model Name: MV-9060
• Cutting Material: Acrylic
• Usage/Application: Helmet Visor
• Capacity: 3.5 KW
• Laser Power: 100-120 Watt
• Machine Type: Industrial
• Cutting Speed: Depends on material & thickness
• Working Area: 36" x 24"
• Automation: Grade Automatic Cooling Mode: Water Cooling

CHAPTER:11

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 Flex Printing & Vinyl Cutting
11.1) What is Flex Printing?
Flex is a decoration technique that is mainly used for smaller quantities or to personalize
textile items (such as team T-shirts) individually. Examples of this are names or jersey
numbers.

11.2) What is Vinyl Cutting?

A vinyl cutter is an entry level machine for making signs. Computer designed vector files with
patterns and letters are directly cut on the rolls of vinyl which is mounted and fed into the
vinyl cutter through USB or serial cable. Vinyl cutters are mainly used to make signs, banners
and advertisements.

11.3) What flex printing is important?

Flex printing gives your business more exposure towards the clients or customers.
Flex printing gives your business more exposure towards the clients or customers .

Advantages of Flex Printing:

Flex printing is a method of capturing and converting original art images into different colours
and is used in various industries. Additionally, the low cost of deployment along with a longer
lifespan, driving the flex market and subsequently the flex printing machine market.

11.4) What are the main colours are used in flex printing?
There are Four colours used in flex printing: -

□ Cyan
□ Magenta
□ Yellow
□ Black

It is also known as (CYMK).

Conclusion

Industry 4.0 enables factories smart, products smart, and supply chains smart as
well, and makes manufacturing systems and services more agile, flexible and
responsive to customers. Through a brief overview on Industry 4.0 and enabling
technologies, this chapter discussed the possible changes with factories,
products, customers and businesses in the environment of Industry 4.0. The
attributes of manufacturing systems and services with Industry 4.0 were
highlighted, and the benefits brought by Industry 4.0 to businesses were

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discussed. To be more specific, the chapter focused on inventory systems and
optimization. The impact of Industry 4.0 on inventory systems and optimization
was explored, respectively. The new integrative R&D framework for inventory
systems and optimization was proposed in this chapter.

How to efficiently and effectively manage inventory is a common challenge for

all businesses and companies. It has been a longstanding issue in industrial
practice, and there is no universal solution to all businesses and companies. It is
probably because the conventional approaches and methods for inventory
systems modelling and optimization have their limits, or there is lack of the
information on knowing customers and understanding suppliers. With Industry
4.0 implementation and progress, it is anticipated that there will be more and
more breakthroughs in approaches and methods for inventory systems
modelling and optimization.
Bibliography

□ www.google.com
□ www.wikipedia.com
□ www.intechopen.com
□ www.researchgate.net

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