Anglais 2

English intensive course
Academic year: 2023-2024

Licence 1 : propaedeutic lesson
LESSON N°1: Past continuous (I was doing)

A) Study this example situation :
Yesterday Karen and Joe played tennis. They started at10 o’clock and finished at 11.30.
So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis.
they were playing = they were in the middle of playing, they had not finished
was/were + -ing is the past continuous:
he/she/it was playing

we/you/they were doing
working etc
B) I was doing something = I was in the middle of doing it at a certain time. The action or
situation started before this time, but had not finished:
I started doing I was doing I finished doing
…………………………………………………………………………………………
past past now
• This time last year I was living in Hong Kong.

• What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?
• I waved to Helen, but she wasn’t looking.
C) Compare I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple):
I was doing (= in the middle of an action) I did (= complete action)

• We were walking home when I • We walked home after the party last
met Dan. (in the middle of night. (= all the way, completely)
walking home)
• Kate was watching TV when we • Kate watched TV a lot when she was
arrived. ill last year.
D) You can say that something happened (past simple) in the middle of something else (past
continuous):
• Matt phoned while we were having dinner.
• It was raining when I got up.
• I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.
• I hurt my back while I was working in the garden.
But we use the past simple to say that one thing happened after another:
• I was walking along the road when I saw Dan. So I stopped, and we talked for a
while.
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Compare:
When Karen arrived, we were having When Karen arrived, we had dinner.
dinner. (= we had already started before (= Karen arrived, and then we had
she arrived) dinner)
E) Some verbs (for example, know and want) are not normally used in continuous forms (is + -ing,
was + -ing etc.).
• We were good friends. We knew each other well. (not we were knowing)
• I was enjoying the party, but Chris wanted to go home. (not was wanting)
Exercises
Complete the sentences. Choose from:
was looking was wearing wasn’t listening weren’t looking
was snowing was working were sitting were you going
1 Today Helen is wearing a skirt. Yesterday she was wearing trousers.

2 ‘What did he say?’ ‘I don’t know. I ……………………………..’
3 We …………………………at the back of the theatre. We couldn’t hear very well.
4 This time last year Steve ……………………………on a farm.
5 They didn’t see me. They ………………………..in my direction.
6 The weather was bad. It was very cold and it ……………………. .
7 I saw you in your car. Where ………………………….. ?
8 I saw Kate a few minutes ago. She ………………………….for you.
Which goes with which?
1 When I got to the cafe a when she was living in Rome. 1 …f…
2 We fell asleep b she was working in a clothes shop. 2 ……
3 Amy learnt Italian c when I was driving home. 3……
4 Tom didn’t come out with us d but nobody was watching it. 4 ……
5 The car began to make a strange noise e while we were watching a film. 5 ……
6 The TV was on f my friends were waiting for me. 6 ……
7 When I first met Jessica
g because he wasn’t feeling well. 7 ……
Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1 Jenny was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
2 ‘What ……………………….(you / do) at this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep.’
3 ‘ …………………….(you / go) out last night?’ ‘No, I was too tired.’
4 How fast ………………….(you / drive) when the accident …………………(happen)?
5 Sam …………………(take) a picture of me while I …………………. (not / look).
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6 We were in a very difficult position. We ………………..(not / know) what to do, so we

…………….(do) nothing.
7 I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I………………….. last (see) him, he …………………(try) to
find a job.
8 I ………………….. (walk) along the street when suddenly I ………………….(hear) something
behind me. Somebody ……………………. (follow) me. I was scared and I………………… (start) to
run.
9 When I was young, I ……………..(want) to be a pilot. Later I ……………….(change) my mind.
10 Last night I ………………….. (drop) a plate when I ……………… (do) the washing up.
Fortunately it ………………….(not / break).
LESSON N°2: Question words
Questions about the subject

When we ask questions about the subject of a sentence, the word order in the question and the answer
is the same:
Ben designed this house.
Who designed this house?
X Who did build this house?
/ Who built this house?
• We use what, who, which, whose and how many in-questions about the subject.
Questions about the object

Questions about the object need an auxiliary verb (do, have, is, etc.) before the subject:
Wren designed this cathedral.
What did Wren design?
• We use what, which, who, whose, when, where, how often, etc. in questions about the object.
X Which cathedral Wren built?
/ Which cathedral did Wren build?
Here is a summary of question words with examples:
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Question word Example: subject question Example: object question
Who Who is teaching you? Who do you know here? (Whom is very formal.)
What What film did you see?

What caused the problem?
What kind of What kind of people live here? What kind of TV programmes do you watch?
Which Which picture do you like?

Which book sold most?
Whose Whose book did you borrow?

Whose book won the prize?
How many How many pupils came to the How many people did you see?
lesson?
Why Why did you get up so late?
When When did you go to England?
How How do I get to your house?
How far How far is the college from here?
How long How long does it take to get there?

How often How often do you go swimming?
Position of prepositions
• Note the change in the position of a preposition in questions about the object:
I gave the book to John, becomes: Who did you give the book to?
To whom did you give the book? (= formal)
She sent the letter from India, becomes: Where did she send the letter from?
From where did she send the letter? (= formal)
What or which?
We use what when the choice is open. We use which when there is a limited choice:
What colour do you like? (= open choice)
Which colour do you prefer, red or blue? (= limited choice)
What countries have you visited? (= open choice)
Which countries in South America have you visited? (= limited choice)
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CONSOLIDATION: Ask a question about the information brackets in each of the following
sentences using who, what, how, which or another question word.
Example: There 's (a litre) of milk left.
==> How much milk is left?
1. We live (in the old town.) …………………………………………………
2. I gave the book to (Valerie.) ………………………………………………

3. (Michael) lent me a car. …………………………………………………..
4. I got married (20 years ago.) ……………………………………………..
5. I'd like (the green) pullover, please. ……………………………………….
6. (A madman) murdered the President. ……………………………………..
7. I go to the cinema at least (once a week.) …………………………………..
8. The journey takes (about six hours) from here. ……………………………
9. To get to my house, (you take the bus and get off at Wood Green.) ………………………………..
1. They study (English) every Tuesday morning. ……………………………………..?
2. Romi goes to school (by bus). ……………………………………………………….?
3. The teacher explains the lesson (in front of the class). ……………………………..?
4. (My brother) does his homework carefully. ………………………………………..?
5. My daughter washes her hair (twice a week). ………………………………………?
6. John loves eating (pizza). ……………………………………………………………..?
7. Olga sings a song (beautifully). ……………………………………………………….?
8. Shanti gets up (at five). …………………………………………………………………?
9. Harry doesn't go to school (because he is sick). ………………………………………?
10. (Mother) cooks rice in the kitchen. …………………………………………………..?
11. Tommy rides his bike (very fast). …………………………………………………….?
12. Thalia (has breakfast) before going to school. ……………………………………….?
13. I give (Mario) a birthday present. …………………………………………………….?
14. Mario celebrates (his birthday) in September. ………………………………………?
15. The students listen to (the teacher's explanation). …………………………………...?
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16. I like (the white T-shirt), not the red one. …………………………………………….?
17. Julia has (two) brothers. ……………………………………………………………….?
18. The little boys play (hide and seek). ……………………………………………………?
19. Sammy closes the windows (because it's going to rain).

……………………………………………?
Ask appropriate questions for theses answers
1. …………………………………………………. / Yes, I am a student.
2. …………………………………………………. / No, I do not speak English.
3. ………………………………………………… / Yes, I can help you.
4. …………………………………………………. / No, I have not got a blue pen.
5. ………………………………………………… / Yes, he will arrive tomorrow.
6. …………………………………………………. / Yes, you must finish your work today.
7. ………………………………………………….. / Yes, you should help him.
8. ………………………………………………….. / Yes, it is forbidden to smoke in the classroom.
9. …………………………………………………… / I am 29 years old.
10. …………………………………………………. / I live in Algiers.
11. ………………………………………………… / I have got two brothers.
12. …………………………………………………. / My birthday is on September 2nd.
13. …………………………………………………. / The weather in Algeria is very hot.
14. …………………………………………………. / There are twenty students in the classroom.
15. ………………………………………………… / It costs 100 $.
16. ………………………………………………….. / The Eiffel tower is 400 meters high.
17. …………………………………………………. / London is 4000 km far.
18. …………………………………………………. / Karim is 1m 80 tall.
19. …………………………………………………. / I prefer the blue car.
20. ………………………………………………… / The red car is mine.
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LESSON N°3: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

A) Compare these two situations :
I’ve been painting my bedroom. I’ve painted my bedroom.
There is paint on Kate’s clothes. The bedroom was green. Now it is yellow.
She has been painting her bedroom. She has painted her bedroom.
has been painting is the present perfect has painted is the present perfect simple.
continuous. Here, the important thing is that something
We are thinking of the activity. It does not matter has been finished. ‘She has painted’ is a
whether it has been finished or not. In this completed action. We are thinking about the
example, the activity (painting the bedroom) has result of the activity (the painted bedroom),
not been finished. not the activity itself.
B) Compare these examples:
• My bike is OK again now. I’ve

• My hands are very dirty. I’ve repaired it. (= I’ve finished repairing it)
been repairing my bike. • Somebody has eaten all the chocolates.
• Joe has been eating too much
The box is empty.
recently. He should eat less.
• It’s nice to see you again. What • Where’s the book I gave you? What
have you been doing since we have you done with it?
last met? • Have you ever played tennis?
• Where have you been? Have you
been playing tennis?
C)
We use the continuous to say how long (for We use the simple to say how much, how many or
something that is still happening): how many times (for completed actions):
• How long have you been reading • How many pages of that book have
that book? you read?
• Amy is writing emails. She’s been • Amy has sent lots of emails this morning.
writing emails all morning. • They’ve played tennis three times this
• They’ve been playing tennis since week.
2 o’clock. • I’m learning Arabic, but I haven’t learnt
• I’m learning Arabic, but I haven’t very much yet.
been learning it very long.
D)
Some verbs (for example, know) are not normally used in continuous forms (be + -ing):
• I’ve known about the problem for a long time. (not I’ve been knowing)
• How long have you had that camera? (not have you been having)
But note that you can use want and mean in the present perfect continuous (have/has been + -ing):
• I’ve been meaning to phone Anna, but I keep forgetting.
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Exercises: 10.1 Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets.
1 Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53.
He has been reading for two hours. (read)
He has read 53 pages so far. (read)
2 Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe. She began her trip three months ago.
She …………………………………………………..for three months. (travel)
……………………………………………………….six countries so far. (visit)
3 Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was 10 years old. This year he won the
national championship again – for the fourth time.
………………………………………………………..the national championship four times. (win)
………………………………………………………..since he was ten. (play)
4 When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films.
They ………………………………………………… films since they left college. (make)
…………………………………………………………five films since they left college. (make)
10.2 Ask questions using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or
continuous (have/has been doing).
1 You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask:

(how long / learn / Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?
2 You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask:
(wait / long?) Have …………………………………………………………
3 You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask:

(catch / any fish?) …………………………………………………………….
4 Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask:
(how many people / invite?) ………………………………………………….
5 A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask:

(how long / teach?) …………………………………………………………….
6 You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask:

(how many books / write?) …………………………………………………….
(how long / write / books?) ……………………………………………………
7 A friend of yours is saving money to go on a world trip. You ask:

(how long / save?) ……………………………………………………………….
(how much money / save?) ………………………………………………………
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10.3 Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous.
1 Where have you been? Have you been playing (you / play) tennis?
2 Look! ………………………………………………(somebody / break) that window.
3 You look tired. ……………………………………….. (you / work) hard?
4 ‘ ………………………………………………… (you / ever / work) in a factory?’ ‘No, never.’
5 Where’s Lisa? Where ……………………………………… (she / go)?
6 This is a very old book. ………………………………………….(I / have) it since I was a child.
7 ‘Have you been busy?’ ‘No, ……………………………………… (I / watch) TV.’
8 My brother is an actor. …………………………………………….(he / appear) in several films.
9 ‘Sorry I’m late.’ ‘That’s all right. ………………………………………..(I / not / wait) long.’
10 Are you OK? You look as if ………………………………………….(you / cry).
11 ‘Is it still raining?’ ‘No, ……………………………………………..(it / stop).’
12 The children are tired now. ………………………………………..(they / play) in the garden.
13 ……………………………………..(I / lose) my phone. …………………………….. (you / see) it?
14 …………………………….. (I / read) the book you lent me, but …………………………..
………………………………….(I / not / finish) it yet. It’s really interesting.
15 …………………………………. (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.
LESSON N°4: RELATIVE CLAUSES 1: CLAUSES WITH WHO/THAT/WHICH
A Study this example situation:

Last week we had a party and a lot of people came. Everybody enjoyed it.
Everybody who came to the party enjoyed it.
relative clause
A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind of
person or thing) the speaker means:
the woman who lives next door to me
(‘who lives next door to me’ tells us which woman)
people who complain all the time
(‘who complain all the time’ tells us what kind of people)
• We use who in a relative clause for people (not things):

• The woman who lives next door to me is a doctor.
• I don’t like people who complain all the time.
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• An architect is someone who designs buildings.

• What was the name of the person who called?
• Do you know anyone who wants to buy a car?
We also use that for people, but not which:
• The woman that lives next door to me is a doctor. (not the woman which)
Sometimes you must use who (not that) for people.
B) When we are talking about things, we use that or which (not who) in a relative clause:
• I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings.

or … stories which have unhappy endings.
• Grace works for a company that makes furniture.
or … a company which makes furniture.
• The machine that broke down is working again now.
or The machine which broke down …
In these examples that is more usual than which, but sometimes you must use which.
C) In relative clauses we use who/that/which, not he/she/they/it.

Compare:
• I met a Canadian woman at the party. She is an English teacher. (2 sentences)

I met a Canadian woman who is an English teacher. (1 sentence)
• I can’t find the keys. They were on the table.
Where are the keys that were on the table? (not the keys they were)
D) What = the thing(s) that

Compare what and that:
• What happened was my fault. (= the thing that happened)

but
• Everything that happened was my fault.

(not Everything what happened)
• The machine that broke down is now working again.
(not The machine what broke down)
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Exercises 92
92.1 What do these words mean? Choose from the box and write sentences with who.
steals from a shop buys something from a shop
designs buildings pays rent to live somewhere
doesn’t tell the truth breaks into a house to steal things
is not brave expects the worst to happen
1 (an architect) An architect is someone who designs buildings.

2 (a customer) …………………………………………………………………
3 (a burglar) ……………………………………………………………………
4 (a coward) …………………………………………………………………….
5 (a tenant) ……………………………………………………………………..
6 (a shoplifter) …………………………………………………………………..
7 (a liar) …………………………………………………………………………
8 (a pessimist) …………………………………………………………………..
92.2 Make one sentence from two. Use who/that/which.

1 A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
2 A waiter served us. He was impolite and impatient.

The ………………………………………………………………
3 A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
The ………………………………………………………………
4 Some people were arrested. They have now been released.
The …………………………………………………………………
5 A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
The …………………………………………………………………
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92.3 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and use who/that/which.
happened in the past makes furniture
runs away from home can support life
cannot be explained has stayed there
developed the theory of relativity were hanging on the wall
1 Helen works for a company that makes furniture .

2 The movie is about a girl …………………………………………………………………………
3 What happened to the pictures ? ………………………………………………………………….
4 A mystery is something . ………………………………………………………………………….
5 I’ve heard it’s a good hotel, but I don’t know anyone . ………………………………………………
6 History is the study of things …………………………………………………………………………
7 Albert Einstein was the scientist ……………………………………………………………………..
8 It seems that Earth is the only planet …………………………………………………………………
92.4 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.
1 I don’t like stories who have unhappy endings. stories that have
2 What was the name of the person who phoned? OK
3 Where’s the nearest shop who sells bread? ………………….
4 Dan said some things about me they were not true. …………………..
5 The driver which caused the accident was fined £500. ………………….
6 Do you know the person that took these pictures? ………………….
7 We live in a world what is changing all the time. ………………….
8 Gary apologised for what he said. ………………….
9 What was the name of the horse what won the race? …………………..
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English intensive course

Academic year: 2023-2024

LESSON N°1: Past continuous (I was doing)

he/she/it was playing

• This time last year I was living in Hong Kong.

C) Compare I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple):

I was doing (= in the middle of an action) I did (= complete action)

1 Today Helen is wearing a skirt. Yesterday she was wearing trousers.

Which goes with which?

6 We were in a very difficult position. We ………………..(not / know) what to do, so we

LESSON N°2: Question words

Questions about the subject

Questions about the object

Question word Example: subject question Example: object question

What What film did you see?

Which Which picture do you like?

Whose Whose book did you borrow?

Why Why did you get up so late?

When When did you go to England?

How How do I get to your house?

How far How far is the college from here?

How long How long does it take to get there?

2. I gave the book to (Valerie.) ………………………………………………

4. I got married (20 years ago.) ……………………………………………..

5. I'd like (the green) pullover, please. ……………………………………….

6. (A madman) murdered the President. ……………………………………..

7. I go to the cinema at least (once a week.) …………………………………..

8. The journey takes (about six hours) from here. ……………………………

2. Romi goes to school (by bus). ……………………………………………………….?

4. (My brother) does his homework carefully. ………………………………………..?

5. My daughter washes her hair (twice a week). ………………………………………?

6. John loves eating (pizza). ……………………………………………………………..?

7. Olga sings a song (beautifully). ……………………………………………………….?

8. Shanti gets up (at five). …………………………………………………………………?

9. Harry doesn't go to school (because he is sick). ………………………………………?

10. (Mother) cooks rice in the kitchen. …………………………………………………..?

11. Tommy rides his bike (very fast). …………………………………………………….?

12. Thalia (has breakfast) before going to school. ……………………………………….?

13. I give (Mario) a birthday present. …………………………………………………….?

14. Mario celebrates (his birthday) in September. ………………………………………?

15. The students listen to (the teacher's explanation). …………………………………...?

17. Julia has (two) brothers. ……………………………………………………………….?

18. The little boys play (hide and seek). ……………………………………………………?

19. Sammy closes the windows (because it's going to rain).

2. …………………………………………………. / No, I do not speak English.

3. ………………………………………………… / Yes, I can help you.

4. …………………………………………………. / No, I have not got a blue pen.

5. ………………………………………………… / Yes, he will arrive tomorrow.

6. …………………………………………………. / Yes, you must finish your work today.

7. ………………………………………………….. / Yes, you should help him.

8. ………………………………………………….. / Yes, it is forbidden to smoke in the classroom.

9. …………………………………………………… / I am 29 years old.

10. …………………………………………………. / I live in Algiers.

11. ………………………………………………… / I have got two brothers.

12. …………………………………………………. / My birthday is on September 2nd.

13. …………………………………………………. / The weather in Algeria is very hot.

14. …………………………………………………. / There are twenty students in the classroom.

15. ………………………………………………… / It costs 100 $.

16. ………………………………………………….. / The Eiffel tower is 400 meters high.

17. …………………………………………………. / London is 4000 km far.

18. …………………………………………………. / Karim is 1m 80 tall.

19. …………………………………………………. / I prefer the blue car.