Empower B1+grammar Unidades 1-10

B1+ GRAMMAR
Instituto de Idiomas
UNIT 1:
TALK
Contents:
Lesson A: Learn to talk about different forms of communication.
Lesson B: Learn to describe experiences in the present.
Subject questions:
When we ask about the subject of the verb, we use the same word order in
the questions as in the statement (subject-verb-object). Don’t add an auxiliary
verb to subject questions.
Examples:
Who told you the news? (Stuart told me the news.)

What happened yesterday? (Nothing happened yesterday.)
In questions with prepositions, the preposition goes at

the end of the question:
Examples:
A: Who did you go to the cinema with? B: My sister.
A: What’s he talking about? B: His job.
What….. like? and How…?
Use What….like? to ask for a description
of a person:
A: What’s your teacher like?
B: She’s very friendly.
Use How….? to ask about a person’s

health.
You can use What … like? or How …? A: How’s your sister?
To ask for a description of a thing or B: She’s very well, thanks.
event:
A: What was your holiday like? /How
was your holiday?
B: It was excellent.
Exercises:
Fill in the gaps with the questions in English about the subject or the object.
1. Somebody kissed me.

______________________________?
2. I kissed somebody.
______________________________?
3. Somebody gave me the book.
______________________________?
4. Something happened.
______________________________?
5. Betty told me something.
______________________________?
ANSWER KEY:
Fill in the gaps with the questions in English about the subject or the object.
1. Somebody kissed me.

Who kissed me?
2. I kissed somebody.
Who did I kiss?
3. Somebody gave me the book.
Who gave me the book?
4. Something happened.
What happened?
5. Betty told me something.
What did Betty tell me?
Choose the correct subject or object question for each statement.
1. I bought a newspaper this morning.

a. What bought you this morning? 4. I wrote a romantic letter to one of the
b. What did you buy this morning? teachers.
c. What you did buy this morning? a.Who did you write a romantic letter to?
b.Who wrote you a romantic letter?
2. Something odd happened during the storm
last night. 5. Something disturbed me when I was
a. What happened during the storm last night? working.
b. What did happen during the storm last night? a. What did you disturb when you were
working?
3. One of the students didn't do the final exam. b. What disturbed you when you were
a. Who didn't the final exam do? working?
b. Who didn't do the final exam? c. What did disturb you when you were
working?

ANSWER KEY:
1. I bought a newspaper this morning. 4. I wrote a romantic letter to one of the

a. What bought you this morning? teachers.
b. What did you buy this morning? a.Who did you write a romantic letter
c. What you did buy this morning? to?
b.Who wrote you a romantic letter?
2. Something odd happened during the storm
last night. 5. Something disturbed me when I was
a. What happened during the storm last working.
night? a. What did you disturb when you were
b. What did happen during the storm last night? working?
b.. What disturbed you when you were
3. One of the students didn't do the final exam. working?
a. Who didn't the final exam do? c. What did disturb you when you were
b. Who didn't do the final exam? working?

Lesson B: Present simple and continuous.
Present simple
We use the present simple for:

• facts which are true all the time.
The sun rises in the east. The bus doesn’t go past my house.
• habits and routines.
I study for about an hour a week. We never get much homework.
• opinions and beliefs.
Do you agree? I don’t know the answer.
Present simple and continuous.
Present continuous
We use the present continuous for:

• actions which are in progress at the moment of speaking.
Why are you carrying an umbrella? It’s not raining.
• actions or situations around the moment of speaking.
He’s studying Russian at university.
• future arrangements
I’m meeting Andrew tonight.
States and actions
The present continuous is not normally

used to describe:
• Mental states: know, agree,
understand, believe, etc.
• Likes and preferences: like, want,
love, hate, need, prefer, etc.
• Other states: be, own, belong, forget,
hear, seem, depend, etc.
Special cases:
Some verbs (e.g. think, see, have) can be used as states or actions with different
meanings:
State: I think you’re wrong. (=my opinion)
Action: I’m thinking about my birthday. (= a mental process)
State: I see what you mean. (= I understand)
Action: I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow. (= I’m meeting him/her)
State: I have a car/a sister. (= possession, relationship, etc)
Action: I’m having a party / a shower / dinner.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
1. Every Monday, Sally ___________(drive) her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I __________ (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I ____________ (study)
French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John ___________(sleep)
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It _________(rain)
5. I hate living in Seattle because it _________(rain, always)

NOW CHECK YOUR ANSWERS:
ANSWER KEY:
1. Every Monday, Sally drives (drive) her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I work (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I am studing (study)
French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John is sleeping (sleep)
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It is raining (rain)
5. I hate living in Seattle because it always rains (rain, always)
NOW YOUR TURN:
Complete the story. Use Simple Present and Present Continuous.
1. Today ________(be) Betty's birthday.

2. Betty _________(love) birthdays.
3. She ___________(be) always very excited and __________(wake up) very early.
4. At six o'clock in the morning, Betty __________(hear) a noise.
5. She ___________(get up) and ________(go) into the sitting room.
6. What ___________(go on) ?
7. Look! Betty's cat Carlos _________(sit) on the table and he ________(play) with Betty's present.
Complete the story. Use Simple Present and Present Continuous.
1. Today is (be) Betty's birthday.

2. Betty loves(love) birthdays.
3. She is (be) always very excited and wakes up (wake up) very early.
4. At six o'clock in the morning, Betty hears (hear) the alarm clock.
5. She gets up (get up) and goes (go) into the sitting room.
6. What is going on (go on) ?
7. Look! Betty's cat Carlos is sitting (sit) on the table and he is playing (play) with Betty's present.
References:
Empower- Students book – First edition- 2016.
http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-english-exercises-subject-object-questions.html#.XWb12OhKjIU
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs1.htm
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpre-prepro
UNIT 2:
MODERN LIFE
Contents:
Lesson A: Present Perfect Simple and past simple.
We use the present perfect to talk about We use the present perfect to talk
our experieces in our lifetime, or another about news and recent events
unfinished time period. that have an effect on the present.
We use the present perfect to talk about

We use the past simple for completed past
unfinished states (when we want to talk
actions in a completed time period.
about duration)
Present perfect simple
We use the present perfect simple to talk about:
experiences in our lifetime, or news and recent events, often with a

another unfinished time period. present result.
Have you ever had a job interview? They’ve just offered me the job.
We can use adverbs like ever, (result=I’ve got a job.)
never, three times, etc. We can use adverbs like just,
alrady and yet.
unfinished states (when we want to talk about the duration).

I’ve only had this phone for a week.
We use for to give the duration or since to give the starting point.
Examples:
I’ve never worked in an office.
The interviews have already finished – you’re too late. (result=You can’t have an interview.)
He hasn’t called me back yet. (result= I’m still waiting to speak to her.)
We’ve lived in London since 2010.
Past simple
We use the past simple for completed past actions
in a completed past time period:
The interviews
She didn’t get the finished five minutes Why did you miss
job. ago. the bus?
We often use the past time phrases like last week, a few days ago,
when I was a child.
Present perfect or past simple
We often introduce a topic with the

Don’t use the present perfect when
present perfect and then change to
you describe an action that happen at
the past simple in the next sentence
a particulat time. Use a past tense
to talk about the details:
instead.
I’ve had lots of interviews. The last
They left yesterday /at four o’clock
one was about three months ago-it
/ten minutes ago.
was terrible.
Examples:
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate
tenses.

In the last hundred years, traveling ____________(become) much easier

and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it __________ (take) two or
three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip
________(be) very rough and often dangerous. Things
__________(change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now
you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

Examples:
ANSWER KEY:

In the last hundred years, traveling has become (become) much easier
and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it took (take) two or three
months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip was (be) very
rough and often dangerous. Things have changed (change) a great deal
in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los
Angeles in a matter of hours.

NOW YOUR TURN:
Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences.
1. Peter played/ has played/ have played football yesterday.
2. They cleaned/ has cleaned/ have cleaned the car. It looks new again.
3. Last year we went/ has gone/ have gone to Italy.
4. John and Peggy just have read/ read/ have just read the book. Now they can watch the film.
5. I met/ has met/ have met my friend two days ago.
1. Peter played football yesterday.
2. They have cleaned the car. It looks new again.
3. Last year we went to Italy.
4. John and Peggy have just read the book. Now they can watch the film.
5. I met my friend two days ago.
Lesson B: Present perfect simple and continuous.
Unfinished actions and

states (duration)
• We use the present perfect simple with state verbs:

We’ve owned this car for several years and it has never broken down.
• We use the present perfect continuous with action verbs:
How long have you been waiting?
I’ve been working on my essay since 6 o’clock.
Some verbs can be used as action verbs or state verbs with no
important change of meaning:
How long have you worked here? / How long have you been
working here?
Present perfect simple and continuous.
Recent past actions with

present results
• We use the present perfect simple when completing an action has a result now:
I’ve just finished my essay. (result of finishing writing = I can relax, I can
hand in the work, etc.)
• We use the present perfect continuous when doing an activity has a result now:
I’m tired because I’ve been writing an essay. (result of writing = I’m tired)
Present perfect simple and continuous.
New habits and repeated

actions
• We use the present perfect continuous to describe repeated activities which

started recently:
I’ve been doing a lot of exercise lately. (In the past, I didn’t do much exercise.)
Present perfect continuous
NOW YOUR TURN:
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
Present perfect simple or continuous.
Robin: I think the waiter ________(forget) us. We __________(wait)

here for over half an hour and nobody _________(take) our order yet.
Michele: I think you're right. He __________(walk) by us at least twenty times. He probably
thinks we ___________(order, already)
Robin: Look at that couple over there, they __________(be, only) here for five or ten minutes
and they already have their food.
Michele: He must realize we __________(order, not) yet! We __________(sit) here for over half
an hour staring at him.
Robin: I don't know if he __________(notice, even) us. He ____________(run) from table to
table taking orders and serving food.
Michele: That's true, and he ___________(look, not) in our direction once.
Robin: I think the waiter has forgotten (forget) us. We have been waiting (wait)
here for over half an hour and nobody has taken (take) our order yet.
Michele: I think you're right. He has been walking (walk) by us at least twenty times. He
probably thinks we have already ordered (order, already)
Robin: Look at that couple over there, they have only been (be, only) here for five or ten
minutes and they already have their food.
Michele: He must realize we haven’t ordered (order, not) yet! We have been sitting (sit) here
for over half an hour staring at him.
Robin: I don't know if he has even noticed (notice, even) us. He has been running (run) from
table to table taking orders and serving food.
Michele: That's true, and he hasn’t looked (look, not) in our direction once.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate
tenses. Present perfect simple or continuous.
1. Judy: How long __________(be) in Canada?

Claude: I ___________(study) here for more than three years.

2. I ___________(have) the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.

3. I ________(love) chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic."

4. Matt and Sarah __________(have) some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they
___________(go) to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.

5. John ___________(work) for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until
recently, he __________(enjoy) his work, but now he is talking about retiring.
1. Judy: How long have you been (be) in Canada?

Claude: I have been studying (study) here for more than three years.

2. I have had (have) the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.

3. I have loved (love) chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic."

4. Matt and Sarah have had (have) some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they have been
going (go) to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.

5. John has been working (work) for the government since he graduated from Harvard University.
Until recently, he has been enjoying (enjoy) his work, but now he is talking about retiring.
References:
Empower- Students book – First edition- 2016.

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_present_perfect.htm

https://www.curso-ingles.com/en/practice/exercises/adding-information
UNIT 3:
RELATIONSHIPS
Contents:
• Lesson A Talk about a friendship

• Lesson B Talk about families
Lesson A: Narrative tenses
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
• We use past simple to We use the past continuous:

• to describe the situation at the beginning of a story.
describe the main
events of a story in Example: That day, I was sleeping in my grandmother´s bed
the order they
• for longer actions in comparison with shorter actions in the past
happened:
simple.
Examples: We ate pizza Example: I was going to the supermarket by taxi when He
yesterday. We went to an decided to give me a lift..
Italian restaurant
• when actions are interrupted by main events in the past simple.
Example: My mom was taking a shower when my father
called her.
We can connect past simple and past continuous actions with
as while when
• I was traveling to the beach when I saw a car accident.
• She looked at her cellphone while the trainer was going to the restroom.
• The car broke down as I was driving on the highway.
Don´t use the past continuous for state verbs. Use the past simple instead.
I saw a car accident when I was

at home.
NOT …. when I was being at
home.
PAST PERFECT
We use the past perfect to describe an event that happened before the story started, or earlier in the
story than a main event:
Example: Jason opened the door, looked around the place and walked in. The window was
opened and the curtains were blowing. It is clear that someone had left in a hurry.
We can use by + a time with the past perfect to show what happened up to a
point in the past.
• I started to study maths on Friday and by Sunday I’d studied the whole book.
By the time I__________

arrived home had prepared
my mom__________ lunch for the family.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Complete the story with the correct narrative tense. Use the given verbs.
It .................... (be)Tuesday evening and I……………. (get) ready to go to bed when the phone
………… (ring). To my surprise it ……………..(be) my friend Peter. He……………..(call) from his
mobile and he was very annoyed because he ……………….. (lose) his keys and he
……………….. (cannot) get into his flat. He ………………(think) he ………………. (leave) them
at work but now it was midnight and the office was closed so he …………… (cannot) get in to
check. Luckily I had the keys to his flat because a month before he ……………….(give) me a
spare set so that I could look after his cat while he was on holiday. When he finally……………
(arrive) to pick them up, it was three o'clock in the morning, and I ………………(lie) on the sofa
fast asleep.
It was (be)Tuesday evening and I was getting (get) ready to go to bed when the phone rang (ring).
To my surprise it was (be) my friend Peter. He called.(call) from his mobile and he was very
annoyed because he had lost. (lose) his keys and he couldn’t (cannot) get into his flat. He thought
(think) he had left (leave) them at work but now it was midnight and the office was closed,so he
couldn’t (cannot) get in to check. Luckily I had the keys to his flat because a month before he had
given (give) me a spare set so that I could look after his cat while he was on holiday. When he finally
arrived (arrive) to pick them up, it was three o'clock in the morning, and I was lying (lie) on the sofa
fast asleep.
Lesson B: used to, usually
*We use used to to describe past habits and states
• When I was a child, I used to play soccer with my brother every Sunday. (past habit)
• My friends used to love chocolate. They always ate four or five in school. (past state)
*The negative forms are didn´t use to and never used to
• My sister didn’t use to go to the church every Sunday. Because It was far from our house.
• We never used to go out together.
* There is not present tense of used to. Use adverbs of frequency instead.
We usually celebrate our parents birthday at home.

How many times a year do you usually go shopping?
*You can also use adverbs of frequency with past simple and a past time phrase.
• We visited our grandparents for a holiday, quite often back then.

• I went to the USA 2 years ago. I was there for 20 days back then
• I took swimming lessons. I was a primary student back then.
* You can use the adverbials not any more and not any longer to say that a
past habit has now stopped.
• I don’t eat greasy food any more, I like vegetables and fruit instead.
• They don´t study in the same school any longer.
* We can use the adverb still to talk about a past habit or state that has not changed.
• I still love comedy movies, I usually watch them with my sister.

• Do you still live in the same neighbourhood?.
We often use a mixture of the past simple and used to in order to describe past
situations. It sounds unnatural if you use used to for every verb.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Complete the sentences with the affirmative, negative or interrogative form of used to.
used to / didn't use to / didn't use to / Did they use to / used to
/ did you use to / didn't use / to used to
• Antonio Valencia … (play) for Manchester United.

• We … (have) a smartphone, but we do now.
• ….(they / live) together?
• That house … (be) a clothes shop.
• He … (like) her, but now they're married.
• Where … (you /go) to high school?
• There … (be) an Italian restaurant here.
• I … (like) fruit, but I do now.
ANSWER KEY:
used to / didn't use to / didn't use to / Did they use to / used to
/ did you use to / didn't use / used to
used to play
• Antonio Valencia …………………(play) for Manchester United.
didn’t use to have
• We ………………….. (have) a smartphone, but we do now.
Did they use to live (they / live) together?
• ……………………….
used to be
• That house …………….… (be) a clothes shop.
didn’t used to like
• He …………………….. (like) her, but now they're married.
did you use to go
• Where …………………. (you /go) to high school?
used to be (be) an Italian restaurant here.
• There ……………….
didn’t use to like
• I ………………...... (like) fruit, but I do now.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Complete the following sentences using one of the answer choices given below each question.
1. I … eat greasy food, but now I have stopped.
… use to
… used to
… am used to
2. That theater … be an old house.

… used to
… use to
… was used to
3. I … like classical music, but now I don’t.
… used to
… use to
… was used to
1. I … eat greasy food, but now I have stopped.
… use to
… used to
… am used to
2. That theater … be an old house.
… used to
… use to
… was used to
3. I … like classical music, but now I don’t.
… used to
… use to
… was used to
NOW YOUR TURN:
4. I … like country music, but now I do.
… didn´t use to
… didn’t used to
… used not to
5. I always … be afraid of spiders.
… used to
… use to
… am used to
6. I … ride a motorcycle.
… didn’t use to
… wasn´t used to
… didn´t used to
4. I … like country music, but now I do.
… didn´t use to
… didn’t used to
… used not to
5. I always … be afraid of spiders.
… used to
… use to
… am used to
6. I … ride a motorcycle.
… didn’t use to
… wasn´t used to
… didn´t used to
References:
• English EMPOWER B1 Student’s Book

Adrian Doff, Craig Thaine, Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks, and Peter Lewis-Jones
Cambridge University Press (2016)
• English EMPOWER B1 Workbook

UNIT 4:
PERSONALITY
Contents:
• Lesson A Describe people and their abilities

• Lesson B Describe feelings
Lesson A: Describe people and their abilities
MODALS AND PHRASES OF ABILITY
We can use can / could to talk about general
abilities
Be able to
Present perfect Past Perfect After modal

verbs
How long have you been able to sleep?
I had never been able to move to another country
I’ll be able to save more money this year
Want
Need
+ be able to
Like Ex: - The person who drives needs to be able to work for long hours.
- I like being able to eat healthy every day.
After
other
verbs:
Example Prepositions.
E.g. to, about
+ being able to
Ex: - The person who gets the job needs to be able to speak English..
- I like being able to visit my parents regularly.
Specific past achievements
Don´t use could for specific past achievements.
When I started the gym, I was able to drink 3 litters of water every
day.
I could drink…
I was able to drink...
In negative sentences about specific past events, we use couldn’t or wasn’t able to:
Example: I had to finish a Project for today, but I couldn’t complete it / I wasn´t able to complete it.
We can use managed to for specific past achievements, to show that something was difficult
Example: It was hard journey, but I managed to drive all the way long.
Complete each gap with a phrase from the
NOW YOUR TURN: box.
can swim could all swim couldn’t swim couldn’t walk didn’t manage to
was able to jump was able to stand needed to be able to managed to climb
When I was a young child, I couldn’t swim - I only learnt to swim when I was 14. I guess I
thought that I didn’t need _____________ swim, because I never went to swimming pools. But
one day I went for a walk on a hill near the sea with my friends - we were about 13 at the time.
Part of the path was missing in one place - we ______________ along it, so we decided to try
to jump across. My friend Andy was quite big, so he ____________ across it very easily. But
then it was my turn - I was a lot smaller so I ____________ jump across. I fell down the hill and
into the sea. My friends ____________________ so they thought it was really funny to see me
in the water, but I was really scared. Luckily, I ___________ on a rock under the water and then
I ________________ out of the water. After that, I knew I ______________________ to swim,
so I started going to swimming lessons every week. And now I _____________ really well.
can swim could all swim couldn’t swim couldn’t walk didn’t manage to
was able to jump was able to stand needed to be able to managed to climb
When I was a young child, I couldn’t swim - I only learnt to swim when I was 14. I guess I
thought that I didn’t need to be able to swim, because I never went to swimming pools. But
one day I went for a walk on a hill near the sea with my friends - we were about 13 at the time.
Part of the path was missing in one place - we couldn’t walk along it, so we decided to try to
jump across. My friend Andy was quite big, so he was able to jump across it very easily. But
then it was my turn - I was a lot smaller so I didn’t manage to jump across. I fell down the hill
and into the sea. My friends could all swim so they thought it was really funny to see me in the
water, but I was really scared. Luckily, I was able to stand on a rock under the water and then
I managed to climb out of the water. After that, I knew I needed to be able to swim, so I
started going to swimming lessons every week. And now I can swim really well.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Write can/can’t - could/couldn’t.
1. The man was very brave . He _____ enter the bear’s cage.
2 . Jason’s house is too far. We _____ walk there.
3. My mom hasn’t got a car. She _____ drive to her job.
4. Leo is very stubborn. Nobody _____ change his mind.
5. Grandma was not young enough. She _____ take care my kids.
Write can/can’t - could/couldn’t.
1. The man was very brave . He could enter the bear’s cage.
2 . Jason’s house is too far. We can’t walk there.
3. My mom hasn’t got a car. She can’t drive to her job.
4. Leo is very stubborn. Nobody can change his mind.
5. Grandma was not young enough. She can’t take care my kids.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Select the correct modal to complete the sentences.
can/ can´t – could / couldn´t – be able to
1. ___ you hear the concert from your house last night?
Can Could Can’t
2. Do you think you ___ write that essay by Sunday? I know you have a lot of things to do.
couldn’t have been able to will be able to
3. I ___ touch my elbow with my mouth. See!
could will be able to can
4. I ___ spend another moment in that bar. It was too expensive.
couldn’t have been able to can’t
5. I ___ never seem to understand the topic right.
can can’t to be able to
Select the correct modal to complete the sentences.
can/ can´t – could / couldn´t – be able to
1. ___ you hear the concert from your house last night?
Can Could Can’t

2. Do you think you ___ write that essay by Sunday? I know you have a lot of things to do.
couldn’t have been able to will be able to

3. I ___ touch my elbow with my mouth. See!
could will be able to can

4. I ___ spend another moment in that bar. It was too expensive.
couldn’t have been able to can’t

5. I ___ never seem to understand the topic right.
can can’t to be able to

Lesson B: Articles
a - an - the
+ Singular countable nouns
the - 0 + Plural or uncountable nouns
If the topic is new: I saw a very good movie yesterday. ( I haven’t seen that movie before)
What was the movie about. ( the one we saw earlier)
If something is the only one: Where is the dog? (the only dog we have)
If we are talking about things in general or in particular:

Dogs are friendly animals ( the animals)
The dogs are hungry ( our dogs)
Other uses
a / an: describe something or say the job that someone has.
• the: in some frequency expressions.
• That is a beautiful photo.

• I visit my grandmother twice a month / three times a month.
Other uses
the : when the noun is defined by a defining relative clause.
I’ve seen the new Math teacher ( one specific teacher)
the: before superlatives
Carchi is the coldest province in Ecuador
the : with certain countries, rivers, islands
I traveled to the USA / The Pacific / The Amazon / The Galapagos
the : with some fixed expressions about: time, places or seasons.
all the time, most of the time, at the same time

In the country side, in the summer, go to the park, / the gym, listen
to the radio (but watch tv).
Be careful with expressions with next / last + week / month / year:
I visited him last week ( the calendar week before now)
I have trained twice in the last week the seven days

before now)
We traveled there in the 1st day of our vacation ( a

period of time without connection to now)
NOW YOUR TURN:
Fill in the article a, an or the where necessary. Put - where no article is used.
a / an / the/--
1. I like … black shirt over there better than … yellow one.

2. Their car does 160 kilometers … hour.
3. Where's … USB drive I lent you last month?
4. Do you still live in … Cuenca?
5. Is your mother living in … old house?
6. Jason’s father works as … engineer.
7. The potatoes are 89 cents … kilo.
8. What do you usually have for … lunch?
9. Edgar has … terrible backache.
10. After this trip you have … whole afternoon free to visit the city.
Fill in the article a, an or the where necessary. Put - where no article is used.
a / an / the/--
1. I like the black shirt over there better than the yellow one.
2. Their car does 160 kilometers an hour.
3. Where's the USB drive I lent you last month?
4. Do you still live in -- Cuenca?
5. Is your mother living in an old house?
6. Jason’s father works as an engineer.
7. The potatoes are 89 cents a kilo.
8. What do you usually have for -- lunch?
9. Edgar has a terrible backache.
10. After this trip you have the whole afternoon free to visit the city.
NOW YOUR TURN: a / an / the/--
Use the correct article to complete the paragraph.
1. Jazmine bought … new car … last week. Unfortunately, … car broke down after just two weeks.
2. I went to … cinema yesterday. … movie was absolutely terrible, I went to … desk office and asked for
my money back.
3. We had … test today. It was … really difficult test. There were questions on there which I didn't
understand.
4. Excuse me, is there … bank around here? I need to make … deposit.
5. We have … beautiful lake behind our house. Every summer, … lake is over and we can swim. When I
was a kid, I used to spend hours swimming in … lake.
NOW CHECK
YOUR TURN:
YOUR ANSWERS:
1. Jazmine bought a new car the last week. Unfortunately, the car broke down after just two weeks.
2. I went to the cinema yesterday the movie was absolutely terrible, I went to the desk office and
asked for my money back.
3. We had a test today. It was a really difficult test. There were questions on there which I didn't
understand.
4. Excuse me, is there a bank around here? I need to make a deposit.
5. We have a beautiful lake behind our house. Every summer, the lake is over and we can swim.
When I was a kid, I used to spend hours swimming in the lake.
References:
• English EMPOWER B1 Student’s Book
• English EMPOWER B1 Workbook

UNIT 5:
THE NATURAL WORLD
Contents:
Lesson A: Learn to talk about the future

Lesson B: Learn to talk about if and when
Lesson A: WILL
Structure: SUJECT+WILL+V-base form+COMPLEMENT
Contractions: I will = I´ll
they will = they´ll
will not = won´t
Time Expressions: tomorrow, tomorrow afternoon, next week, next year, today,
tonight.
Use: - To make a prediction: It will rain this afternoon.

- To make an offer: I´ll clean the house for you today.
- To make a promise: we´ll study together for the exam.
- To make a spontaneous decision: I´ll eat lunch in this restaurant after class.
Examples:
- To make a prediction based on our opinions:
I’m sure you’ll learn a lot when you go travelling.
- To make an offer:
I’ll help you if you like.
- To make a promise:
I’ll always be here when you need me.
- To make a spontaneous decision:
Ok, I’ll come for a run with you.
FORMS:
1. Bruce will sing romantic music the day after tomorrow. (affirmative)
2. Grace won´t sleep early at home tonight. (negative)
3. Will Patrick sell his apartment this week? (yes/ question)

Yes, he will. (affirmative short answer)
No, he won´t. (negative short answer)
NOW YOUR TURN:
Underline the correct answer:
1. Lorena will (go – goes) shopping tomorrow.
2. Miryam (won´t – don´t will) take a nap this afternoon.
3. Will Carolina (to wash – wash) her clothes tomorrow?
4. Yes, good idea. I (phone - will phone) the pizzeria to book a table.
5. In my opinion you (pass - will pass) the level because you have studied a lot.
6. A: It’s a bit hot in here. B: Yes, I (open - will open) the window.
NOW CHECK
YOUR TURN:
YOUR ANSWERS:
Underline the correct answer:
1. Lorena will go shopping tomorrow.
2. Miryam won´t take a nap this afternoon.
3. Will Carolina wash her clothes tomorrow?
4. Yes, good idea. I will phone the pizzeria to book a table.
5. In my opinion you will pass the level because you have studied a lot.
6. A: It’s a bit hot in here. B: Yes, I will open the window.
FUTURE WITH BE GOING TO:
Structure:
Subject+am/is/are+going to+verb+complement
Use:
1. To indicate future plans.

Example: I am going to visit my grandparents today.
2. To indicate future intentions.

Example: I am going to make a party in my house tonight.
Examples: affirmative, negative, yes/
no questions and short answers
1. Daniel is going to call his wife after lunch tomorrow afternoon. (affirmative)
2. Crystal is not going to cook pasta for lunch next Sunday. (negative)
3. Are you going to play tennis with your brother after class today? (question)
Yes, I am. (affirmative short answer)

No, I am not. (affirmative short answer)
Examples: wh questions and answers:
1. Which shoes are you going to buy at the mall?

I am going to buy black shoes.
2. How long is your sister going to practice yoga tomorrow?
She is going to do yoga for one hour tomorrow.
3. What time is Elizabeth going to take the final anatomy exam?
She is going to take the final anatomy exam at 10:00 o’clock.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Choose the correct answer and underline it:
1. Marcelo is going to fix his computer (tomorrow - yesterday).
2. (Do – Are) Pat and Pam going to check their emails later?
3. Agnes is (going to speak – going speak) with her boss at 4:30.
4. Why (Karol is – is Karol) going to take a break?
5. Is Pat going to wash her motorcycle after work?

No, she (isn´t – doesn´t).
Choose the correct answer and underline it:
1. Marcelo is going to fix his computer (tomorrow - yesterday).
2. (Do – Are) Pat and Pam going to check their emails later?
3. Agnes is (going to speak – going speak) with her boss at 4:30.
4. Why (Karol is – is Karol) going to take a break?
5. Is Pat going to wash her motorcycle after work?

No, she (isn´t – doesn´t).
SHALL
Structure:
SUBJECT + SHALL + VERB –base form + COMPLEMENT
Use:
It is used with I and we to indicate offers and suggestions.
Examples:
1. Shall I fix your sink? (offer)
2. Shall we eat dinner together? (suggestion)
NOW YOUR TURN:
Underline the correct answer: suggestion or offer?
1. Shall I help you with your suitcases? (suggestion or offer)

2. Shall I call your secretary? (suggestion or offer)
3. Shall we invite our friends to the barbecue? (suggestion or offer)
4. Shall I prepare breakfast for your family? (suggestion or offer)
5. Shall I take you to the doctor? (suggestion or offer)
6. Shall we go to the cinema? (suggestion or offer)
Underline the correct answer: suggestion or offer?
1. Shall I help you with your suitcases? (suggestion or offer)
2. Shall I call your secretary? (suggestion or offer)
3. Shall we invite our friends to the barbecue? (suggestion or offer)
4. Shall I prepare breakfast for your family? (suggestion or offer)
5. Shall I take you to the doctor? (suggestion or offer)
6. Shall we go to the cinema? (suggestion or offer)
Lesson B: Zero conditional
Structure: if clause: present tense (condition)
main clause: present tense (result)
Use: it is used to indicate that something happens regularly or something

is always true.
Examples:
1. If babies are hungry, they cry. OR When babies are hungry, they cry.
2. If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. OR When water reaches 100
degrees, it boils.
If and when are similar; they do not change the meaning of the sentences.
EXAMPLES:
1. If Patrick goes to the park, he practices basketball. (affirmative-
affirmative)
2. If Gus and Kim don’t send the mails, they have problems at work.
(negative-affirmative)
3. Butter doesn’t burn in the pan if you add a little oil to it. (affirmative-
negative)
4. If students don’t study hard, they don’t pass the level. (negative-
negative)
NOW YOUR TURN:
Which conditional sentence is correct? Cross it out.
1. a. If Mario will listen to music, he relaxes.

b. If Mario listens to music, he relaxes.
2. a. We don´t go to the bar if we don´t get the money.

b. We don´t go to the bar if we won´t get the money.
3. a. Jessica sleeps well if she finishes her task at school.

b. Jessica sleeps well if she finished her task at school.
Which conditional sentence is correct?
1. a. If Mario will listen to music, he relaxes.

b. If Mario listens to music, he relaxes.
2. a. We don’t go to the bar if we don’t get the money.

b. We don’t go to the bar if we won’t get the money.
3. a. Jessica sleeps well if she finishes her task at school.

b. Jessica sleeps well if she finished her task at school.
FIRST CONDITIONAL
Structure: if clause: present tense (condition)

main clause: future tense: will (result)
Use: it is used to indicate a condition and the possible future result.
Examples:
1. If I travel to the beach, I will relax. OR I will relax if I travel to the beach.
2. If my sister doesn’t do sports, she will be fat. OR My sister will be fat if she doesn’t
do sports.
-When the if clause is at the beginning, use a comma. If not, do not use it.
EXAMPLES:
1. If Frank is sick, he will visit the doctor. (affirmative-affirmative)
2. If I don’t study, I will get a low grade. (negative-affirmative)
3. If Dan cleans his house, he won’t go to the disco. (affirmative-

negative)
4. If Katy and Jeff don’t buy new clothes, they won’t go to the party.
(negative-negative)
NOW YOUR TURN:
Choose the correct answer:
1. If Marion (go-goes) to the gym, she (will–would) be in

shape.
2. George (will-would) visit her grandmother if she
(was-is) sick.
3. If I (don´t-won´t) study hard, I (don’t-won´t) pass the
level.
Choose the correct answer:
1. If Marion (go-goes) to the gym, she (will–would) be in shape.
2. George (will-would) visit her grandmother if she (was-is) sick.
3. If I (don´t-won´t) study hard, I (don’t-won´t) pass the level.
References:
UNIT 6:
DIFFERENT CULTURES
Contents:
• Lesson A: Modals of obligation.

must, have to, mustn’t, can’t, don’t have to, should, ought to
• Lesson B: Comparatives and Superlatives
Adjectives and adverbs, exceptions, extremes
Lesson A: Modals of obligation must and have to
Obligation refers to rules, laws and others pressures from
outside.
We use must when we make the rules:
Ex.
• I must have a driver’s license to drive a car.
• A: I think everything is ready.
B: This presentation is very important if we want to attract
new business. There must not be any problems.
Grammar: Modals of obligation must and have to
We• use have to when we talk about other people’s rules:
Ex.
• You have to buy a ticket before you get on the train.
• A: Did you go to the movie last night?
B: No, I had to study for the math test today.
There is no past or future of must. When we talk about rules

in the past or future, we use the correct form of have to.
mustn’t, can’t and don’t have to
We use mustn’t or can’t to say that something is not allowed.
We often use mustn’t when we make the rules and can’t to talk
about other people rules
Ex: I mustn’t forget to email my mum.
We can’t cross the road yet – the light is still red.
For things which were not allowed in the past, use couldn’t.
Ex: I couldn’t work in India because I only had a tourist visa.
mustn’t, can’t and don’t have to
We use don’t have to when there is no obligation. It means
it’s not necessary to do something.
Ex: University students don’t have to wear a uniform.

I didn’t have to call a taxi. Robert drove me home.
should and ought to

We use ought to or should to give advice and recommendations.
They have the same meaning. But should is much more common.
Ex: We should see as much as possible. We shouldn’t waste time.

We ought to see as much as possible. We ought not to waste time.
Complete the following sentences with the correct form
NOW YOUR TURN: of must or have to.
1. In my country, you ……….. Cross the road at a pedestrian crossing – it’s illegal to cross anywhere else.
2. When I lived in Quito, I ……….. leave home one hour before work, because the rush hour traffic was so
bad.
3. ……….. George ……….. Wear a tie to work?
4. I’ll tell you a secret, but you ……….. Tell anyone. I don’t want anyone else to know.
5. We took plenty of money, but in the end, we ……….. pay – everything was free.
6. The sign says all visitors ……….. report to reception.
7. If you want to be here on time, you’ll ………..leave here very soon.
8. Your brother can borrow my books tonight but he ………..forget to bring them back tomorrow. I need them
for my class.
1. In my country, you …have to.. Cross the road at a pedestrian crossing – it’s illegal to cross anywhere else.
2. When I lived in Quito, I … had to.. leave home one hour before work, because the rush hour traffic was so
bad.
3. … Does.. George … have to.. wear a tie to work?
4. I’ll tell you a secret, but you … mustn’t.. tell anyone. I don’t want anyone else to know.
5. We took plenty of money, but in the end, we … didn’t have to.. pay – everything was free.
6. The sign says all visitors … must.. report to reception.
7. If you want to be here on time, you’ll …have to.. leave here very soon.
8. Your brother can borrow my books tonight but he … mustn’t.. forget to bring them back tomorrow. I need
them for my class.
Look at the signs. Then complete the advice using the verbs in
NOW YOUR TURN: brackets and a modal verb. Sometimes more than one form is possible.
You ….. (park) here. You ….. (pay) for the You ….. (leave) your You ….. (only use)
bus to the shopping car unlocked. It might the official taxi.
centre. get stolen
You ….. (use) that door – it’s for emergency only.
NOW CHECK
YOUR TURN:
YOUR ANSWERS:
You mustn’t / can’t You don’t have to You mustn’t/shouldn’t

You must/should
park (park) here. pay.. (pay) for the bus leave.. (leave) your car
only use (only use)
to the shopping centre. unlocked. It might get
the official taxi.
stolen
You … mustn’t/can’t use.. (use) that door – it’s for emergency only.
Lesson B: Comparatives and Superlatives
Adjectives Adverbs
One syllable • rich – richer, the richest • Fast – faster, the fastest
• Ending in –y: All:
Two or more syllables • easy – easier, the easiest • often – more often, the most
• friendly – friendlier, the friendliest often
Other:
• careful – more careful, the most
• carefully – more carefully, the
careful most carefully
• good – better, the best • Well – better, the best

• bad – worse, the worst • Badly – worse, the worst
Exceptions • far – further, the furthest • Far – further, the furthest
• more / the most bored / tired / ill
• clever – cleverer / the cleverest *
• Early – earlier, the earliest
Some two syllables adjectives can follow the rules for one syllable adjectives:
Clever, narrow, shallow, quiet, simple.
We can use comparative

adjectives and adverbs to Ex: Life’s more interesting than before.
compare She’s happier than she used to be.
two things, situations,
times, actions, etc., usually He’s speaking more slowly than usual today.
with than.
Ex:
We can change the degree of
• Life’s a lot more interesting than before.
comparison with words
like a lot, much, far, even, • She’s a bit happier than she used to be.
slightly, a bit, a little:
• He’s speaking much more slowly than usual today.
The opposite of more is less. Ex: The car’s slightly less clean than it was.
We can use it with all
I drive less quickly than he does.
adjectives and adverbs:
As + adjective / adverb + as Ex: They are as wealthy as the royal family.

shows that two things are
• She doesn’t listen as carefully as she should.
equal; not as … as means less
than:
Some common adverbs can Ex: You’re just as pretty as your sister! (=exactly equal)
change the degree of the My brother isn’t nearly as hard-working as me. (=very different)
She doesn’t sleep quite as well as I do. (=slightly different)
comparison:
Extremes
We use superlative adjectives and adverbs to talk about

extremes:
Ex: It’s the worst hotel in the world!
I got the lowest score possible.
We often use the present perfect with ever with superlatives:
• This is the best meal I’ve ever eaten.
• It was the least interesting film I’ve ever seen.
We can use the expression by far to say an extreme, it is very different from
all others:
• That’s by far the highest mountain I’ve ever climbed.
NOW YOUR TURN:
A. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in
brackets. Add than where necessary.
1. India food is ……….. French food. (spicy).

2. This is ………..meal I’ve ever eaten. (delicious).
3. The weather was ……….. I expected. (hot)
4. She’s a ……….. Driver ………… me. (slow)
5. Are you ……….. Person in your class?
6. I didn’t have a good holiday. The ……….. Thing was the hotel. It was terrible. (bad)
7. Your English is ………..mine. (good)
8. I’m sorry, I can’t come on Friday. That’s my ………..day. (busy)
A. Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in
brackets. Add than where necessary.
1. India food is spicier than French food. (spicy).

2. This is the most delicious meal I’ve ever eaten. (delicious).
3. The weather was hotter than I expected. (hot)
4. She’s a slower driver than me. (slow)
5. Are you the cleverest person in your class?
6. I didn’t have a good holiday. The worst thing was the hotel. It was terrible. (bad)
7. Your English is better than mine. (good)
8. I’m sorry, I can’t come on Friday. That’s my busiest day. (busy)
Complete the sentences so that they mean the same
NOW YOUR TURN: as the first sentence. Use two to five words.
1. India food is spicier than French food. (spicy).

French food isn’t ______________________.
2. This is the most delicious meal I’ve ever eaten. (delicious).
I’ve never eaten a __________________ meal than this.
3. The weather was hotter than I expected. (hot)
I didn’t expect the weather to be _____________________ it was.
4. She’s a slower driver than me. (slow)
She drives _________________________ I do.
5. Are you the cleverest person in your class?
Is anybody in your class _____________________ you?
NOW CHECK
YOUR TURN:
YOUR ANSWERS:
1. French food isn’t as spicy as Indian food .

2. I’ve never eaten a more delicious meal than this.
3. I didn’t expect the weather to be as hot as it was.
4. She drives more slowly than I do.
5. Is anybody in your class as clever as / clever than you?
NOW YOUR TURN:
a as bit by ever expected in just more most nearly one slightly than the
1. Today’s lesson was ____a____ lot __more____ interesting than usual – it was excellent.
2. That’s _________ worst joke I’ve _________ heard!
3. The exam went really well. It wasn’t _________ as difficult as I _________ .
4. I think she’s _________ of the _________ innovative designer in the world.
5. Our holiday was a _______more expensive ________we thought, but it was still good value.
6. They started v later than usual, but they still finished on time.
7. _________ far the oldest person _________ my family is my great-grandmother.
8. Our new TV is fantastic – the picture quality is _________ as good _________ in the cinema, or maybe
even better.
NOW CHECK
YOUR TURN:
YOUR ANSWERS:
a as bit by ever expected in just more most nearly one slightly than the
1. Today’s lesson was ____a____ lot __more____ interesting than usual – it was excellent.
2. That’s __the____ worst joke I’ve __ever____ heard!
3. The exam went really well. It wasn’t ___nearly___ as difficult as I ___expected__ .
4. I think she’s __one_ of the __most_ innovative designer in the world.
5. Our holiday was a _bit_more expensive __than_we thought, but it was still good value.
6. They started slightly later than usual, but they still finished on time.
7. _By_ far the oldest person _in_ my family is my great-grandmother.
8. Our new TV is fantastic – the picture quality is _just_ as good __as_ in the cinema, or maybe even better.
References:
Empower – Students book with online course – Reprinted edition – 2018.

Empower – Teacher Book.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org
UNIT 7:
House and Home
Contents:
• Lesson 7 A: Modals of deduction.
must, may, might, could, may not, might not, can’t
• Lesson 7 B: Quantifiers
some, any, no, none of, too, enough
Large quantities Small quantities

a lot, much, many A little, a few, very little, very
few
Lesson A: Modals of deduction
Deduction: the process of reaching a decision or answer by thinking about the

known facts, or the decision that is reached
We use modal verbs to show that we are making a deduction using evidence, not
stating a fact
Ex.
1. We must be early. Nobody else has arrived yet.
2.They work at the same office so they may know each other.
3.She might not be in. The lights are all out.
4.That can’t be Mark’s car. He told me his was in the garage.
The opposite of must for deductions is can’t. Don’t use mustn’t, can or couldn’t for deductions.
e.g. This bill can’t be right, I only ordered a salad.
NOT: This bill couldn’t, mustn’t be right.
There must be a mistake.
NOT: There can be a mistake
There is no difference between may, might and could. All three mean that something is possible.
To make deductions about actions happening now, use a modal + be + verb + ing
e.g. She isn’t answering the phone. She might be listening to music
Different modal verbs tell us how sure about a deduction we are:
It’s cold in that house Fact: I know it is.

It must be cold in that house. Deduction: I’m sure it is.
It may/might/could be cold in that house. Deduction: It’s possible that it is.
It may / might not be cold in that house. Deduction: It’s possible that it isn’t.
It can’t be cold in that house. Deduction: I’m sure it isn’t.
It isn’t cold in that house Fact: I know it isn’t.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Match the deductions 1-8 with the best sentences a-h
a. He doesn’t know anything about medicine.

1. ____That man must be a doctor.
b. They finished their dinner an hour ago.
2. ____ That man might be a doctor.
c. He’s wearing a white coat.
3. ____ That man might not be a doctor.
d. I remember they booked a table at a restaurant for
4. ____ That man can’t be a doctor.
around now.
5. ____ They must be eating dinner now.
e. Perhaps they finished.
6. ____ They could well be eating dinner now.
f. Look – he’s listening to that man’s heart.
7. ____ They may not be eating dinner now.
g. They usually eat around his time.
8. ____ They can’t be eating dinner now.
h. It’s possible that he’s a nurse.
Match the deductions 1-8 with the best sentences a-h
a. He doesn’t know anything about medicine.

1. _f_That man must be a doctor.
b. They finished their dinner an hour ago.
2. _c_ That man might be a doctor.
c. He’s wearing a white coat.
3. _h_ That man might not be a doctor.
d. I remember they booked a table at a restaurant for
4. _a_ That man can’t be a doctor.
around now.
5. _d_ They must be eating dinner now.
e. Perhaps they finished.
6. _g_ They could well be eating dinner now.
f. Look – he’s listening to that man’s heart.
7. _e_ They may not be eating dinner now.
g. They usually eat around this time.
8. _b_ They can’t be eating dinner now.
h. It’s possible that he’s a nurse.
Complete the sentences using an appropriate modal of
NOW YOUR TURN: deduction. Sometimes more than one modals is possible.
1. It’s possible that she’s in the office-she flew to Beijing yesterday.

She can’t be in the office – She flew to Beijing yesterday.
2. I’m sure you’re right.
You ________________________________________
3. It’s possible that they want to sell their flat.
They ________________________________________
4. I’m sure he isn’t speaking Russian – it sounds more like speak Spanish to me.
He ________________________________________ - it sound more like Spanish to me.
5. It’s possible that you’re the perfect person for the job.
You ________________________________________
6. There’s a possibility that he doesn’t know the answer.
He ________________________________________
7. I’m sure you don’t need that coat today – it’s 30 degrees!
It’s 30 degrees! You ____________________________________________
1. It’s possible that she’s in the office-she flew to Beijing yesterday.
She can’t be in the office – She flew to Beijing yesterday.
2. I’m sure you’re right.
You __must be right______
3. It’s possible that they want to sell their flat.
They ___could / might / may want to sell their flat_____
4. I’m sure he isn’t speaking Russian – it sounds more like speak Spanish to me.
He ___can’t be speaking Russian__ - it sounds more like Spanish to me.
5. It’s possible that you’re the perfect person for the job.
You ____ could / might / may be the perfect person for the job_____
6. There’s a possibility that he doesn’t know the answer.
He __might not/ may not know the asnwer.____
7. I’m sure you don’t need that coat today – it’s 30 degrees!
It’s 30 degrees! You _____can’t need that coat today – it’s 30 degrees._____
Lesson B: Quantifiers
We can use some in positive Ex: There are some nice views from the hotel.
statements and any in
negatives and questions. He doesn’t have any good music.
Does he speak any Spanish?
We can also use no in positive
sentences to talk about zero Ex: There is no crime around here.
quantity.
I have no money today.
To talk about zero quantity, Ex: None of my friends could help me.
we can use none of + plural or A: How many holidays have you been on this year?
none.
B: None at all.
Large quantity
• We use lots of / a lot of in positive sentences. • There are quite a lot of cars on the road today.
• Not many / not much / not a lot of in negative • I haven’t got much money with me.
sentences • Did many people come to the concert?
• many / much / a lot of in questions. • We don’t need a lo of time to finish this work.
In positive sentence, we can use plenty of to show we

are happy with the amount
Don’t worry – we’ve got plenty of food
Small quantity
• We have a little time before the show starts.
• There are a few things I need from the shops.
• We use a few / a little to talk about an
• I have very little time to finish this work.
amount. We use few / little to talk about
negative amount (i.e. there is not a lot):
• This dish has very few ingredients.
too / not enough
• We use too much / too many + noun to say there is e.g.

more than the right amount. • I have too much furniture. There isn’t
• We use not enough to say that there is less than the enough room for all of it!
right amount. • I couldn’t move at the concert because there
were too many people.
We also use too + adjective / adverb and not +
adjective / adverb enough / enough +noun
• This suitcase is too heavy. They won’t let you on the plane.
• You’re walking too quickly. I can’t keep up!
• The meeting room isn’t big enough for all of us. There aren’t enough chairs.
• You’re not walking fast enough. Hurry up!
NOW YOUR TURN: A. Underline the correct quantifier in each sentence.
1. We had any / no / none problems.

2. My parents read a lot / a lot of / much books.
3. I’m not tall enough / too / plenty to be a police officer.
4. There is too little / many / much noise in my block of flats. I can’t sleep.
5. You don’t go out little / many / enough. You should go out more.
6. I watch much / many / a lot of television.
7. A: Did you get much work done? B: Yes, a lot of / a lot / none.
8. A: Have you got any potatoes left? B: No, I got some / any / none.
9. I’ve been to quite many / few / a few countries.
10. It’s too much / too / enough hot in here. Can I open a window?
1. We had any / no / none problems.
2. My parents read a lot / a lot of / much books.
3. I’m not tall enough / too / plenty to be a police officer.
4. There is too little / many / much noise in my block of flats. I can’t sleep.
5. You don’t go out little / many / enough. You should go out more.
6. I watch much / many / a lot of television.
7. A: Did you get much work done? B: Yes, a lot of / a lot / none.
8. A: Have you got any potatoes left? B: No, I got some / any / none.
9. I’ve been to quite many / few / a few countries.
10.It’s too much / too / enough hot in here. Can I open a window?
NOW YOUR TURN: A. Complete the second sentence so that it means
the same as the first sentence.
1. a: I want no visitors for the next 30 minutes.
b: I don’t want any visitors for the next 30 minutes.
2. a: There aren’t enough chairs for everyone.
b: There are too ___________________________
3. a: I want a biscuit, but there weren’t any left.
b: I wanted a biscuit, but there were ___________________
4. a: Make sure you take plenty of money.
b: Make sure you take a _____________________
5. a: They gave us too little information.
b: They didn’t __________________
6. a: I didn’t see many people.
b: I saw very _____________________
7. a: We didn’t have any money.
b: We had ____________________
NOW CHECK YOUR ANSWERS: A. Complete the second sentence so that
it means the same as the first sentence.
1. a: I want no visitors for the next 30 minutes.

b: I don’t want any visitors for the next 30 minutes.
2. a: There aren’t enough chairs for everyone.
b: There are too __few chairs for everyone____
3. a: I want a biscuit, but there weren’t any left.
b: I wanted a biscuit, but there were ____none left__
4. a: Make sure you take plenty of money.
b: Make sure you take a ___lot of money__
5. a: They gave us too little information.
b: They didn’t ___give us enough information__
6. a: I didn’t see many people.
b: I saw very ___few people_
7. a: We didn’t have any money.
b: We had ___no money__
References:

UNIT 8:
INFORMATION
CONTENTS:
• Lesson A: Reported speech and direct speech.

Direct speech / Reported speech / Other changes
• Lesson B: Verb Patters
Verb + ing or to + infinitive / Other uses of verb + -ing
Lesson A: Reported speech and direct speech
When we talk about what somebody said or thought,
we can use direct speech or reported speech:
Direct speech Reported speech
I don’t want to talk to you He said he didn’t want to talk to me.
I’m planning to resign. She said she was planning to resign.
I’ve already told you. He said he had already told me.
I saw you break it. I told him I had seen him break it.
I’m going to cook tonight. You said you were going to cook tonight.
I’ll see you soon. He said he would see me son.
I can’t hear you. She said she couldn’t hear me.
You may be right. She said I might be right.
Some verbs ( would / could / should / might) stay the same in the
reported speech.
I’d like to go. He said he’d like to go.
It might be difficult She said It might be difficult

Reported questions: When you report a Wh-question, put the subject before the verb.
Don’t use the auxiliary do / does / did:
• Where are you from? • She asked me where I was from.

• Why did she say that? • He asked me why she had said that.
For yes/no questions, use if / whether. Whether is more formal than if:
• Are you going to help? • We asked them if they were going to help.
• Did you visit the London Eye? • She asked us whether we have visited the London Eye.
Other changes:
When we report speech, we usually need to change the pronouns ( e.g. I, he)
and possessives (e.g. my, your), depending on who is talking to whom.
Time and place words may also need to change:
I want you to give this message to your boss tonight.
She said she wanted me to give a / the message to my boss that night.
You don’t need to change the tense when you want to show that the speaker’s
Words are still true now:
I told you yesterday that I don’t want to talk to you.

(=I still don’t want to talk to you today)
NOW YOUR TURN:
Yesterday you ran into a friend of yours, Helen. She told you a Later that day you tell another friend what Helen said.
lot of things. Here are some of the things she said to you: Use reported speech.
1. I’m thinking of going to live in France. 1. _____________________________________
2. Sue and Jim are getting married next month. 2. ____________________________________
3. I haven’t seen Bill for a while. 3. ____________________________________
4. I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately. 4. ____________________________________
5. I don’t know what Fred is doing. 5. ____________________________________
6. I hardly ever go out these days. 6. ____________________________________
7. I work 14 hours a day. 7. ____________________________________
8. I’ll tell Jim I saw you. 8. ____________________________________
9. Tom had an accident last week, but he wasn’t injured. 9. ____________________________________
10.I saw Jack at a party a few months ago, and he seemed fine. 10. ___________________________________
1. I’m thinking of going to live in France. 1. Helen said (that) she was thinking of going to live in France
2. Helen said (that) Sue and Jim were getting married next month.
2. Sue and Jim are getting married next month.
3. Helen said (that) she hadn’t seen Bill for a while.
3. I haven’t seen Bill for a while.
4. Helen said (that) she hadn’t been playing tennis a lot lately
4. I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately.
5. Helen said (that) she didn’t know what Fred was doing.
5. I don’t know what Fred is doing. 6. Helen said (that) she hardly ever went out these days.
6. I hardly ever go out these days. 7. Helen said (that) she worked 14 hours a day.
7. I work 14 hours a day. 8. Helen said (that) she would tell Jim she had seen me.
9. Helen said (that) Tom had had an accident last week, but he hadn’t
8. I’ll tell Jim I saw you
been injured.
9. Tom had an accident last week, but he wasn’t injured.
10.Helen said (that) she had seen Jack at a party a few months ago, and
10.I saw Jack at a party a few months ago, and he seemed fine.
he had seemed fine.
NOW YOUR TURN:
Read Harry’s conversation with Andy. Then choose the best word or
phrase to complete Andy’s conversation with Harry’s sister, Lucy.
Harry: Hi, I’m trying to buy a present for my sister, Lucy. It’s her birthday tomorrow.
Andy: What sorts of books does she like?
Harry: I’m not sure. She reads a lot of history books.
Andy: This is really good. A Short History of the World. I read it a few months ago.
Harry: No, I think she’s already read that. She didn’t like it. No, I’m going to get her this one A History of Amazing Buildings.
Two days later, Andy sees Lucy in the street ….
Andy: Hi Lucy. I met your brother a few days ago – he said it was (1) my / your / her birthday (2) tomorrow / the previous
day / yesterday.
Lucy: Yes, that’s right. Where did you meet him?
Andy: In the bookshop. When I asked him what he was doing (3) here / there / near, he said (4) he was / he’s / I’m
looking for a present for (5) me / you / her.
Lucy: Really?
Andy: Yes, I asked him what books (6) you liked / do you like / does she like, and he said he wasn’t sure. He said (7) she reads / you
read / I read history books. So I showed him A Short History of the World – I said it was really good. I told him (8) you’ve / I’ve / I’d read
it a few months (9) earlier / ago / later. But he said (10) you’d / she’s / I’d already read it, and you hadn’t liked it.
Lucy: What? I thought it was brilliant!
Andy: Yeah. Anyway, he said (11) I’m / he’s / he was going to get A History of Amazing Buildings.
Lucy: Yes, and he did. It’s really cool.
Andy: Great – I knew (12) you’d love it / she’ll love that / you’ll love that.
Harry: Hi, I’m trying to buy a present for my sister, Lucy. It’s her birthday tomorrow.
Andy: What sorts of books does she like?
Harry: I’m not sure. She reads a lot of history books.
Andy: This is really good. A Short History of the World. I read it a few months ago.
Harry: No, I think she’s already read that. She didn’t like it. No, I’m going to get her this one A History of Amazing Buildings.
Two days later, Andy sees Lucy in the street ….

Andy: Hi Lucy. I met your brother a few days ago – he said it was (1) my / your / her birthday (2) tomorrow / the previous
day / yesterday.
Lucy: Yes, that’s right. Where did you meet him?
Andy: In the bookshop. When I asked him what he was doing (3) here / there / near, he said (4) he was / he’s / I’m
looking for a present for (5) me / you / her.
Lucy: Really?
Andy: Yes, I asked him what books (6) you liked / do you like / does she like, and he said he wasn’t sure. He said (7) she reads / you
read / I read history books. So I showed him A Short History of the World – I said it was really good. I told him (8) you’ve / I’ve / I’d
read it a few months (9) earlier / ago / later. But he said (10) you’d / she’s / I’d already read it, and you hadn’t liked it.
Lucy: What? I thought it was brilliant!
Andy: Yeah. Anyway, he said (11) I’m / he’s / he was going to get A History of Amazing Buildings.
Lucy: Yes, and he did. It’s really cool.
Andy: Great – I knew (12) you’d love it / she’ll love that / you’ll love that.
Lesson B: Verb Patterns Verb + -ing or to + infinitive
Some verbs ( e.g. enjoy, mind, keep, admit, The negative form is not + verb+ -ing
recommend, suggest, avoid, stop) are
• She didn’t mind working late.
followed by a verb + -ing:
• I enjoy not cooking for a change.
Other verbs (e.g. want, hope, agree, offer, The negative form is not + to + infinitive
promise, need, refuse, threaten, plan) are
• They threatened to tell the police.
followed by to + infinitive
• I promise not to break anything.
Some verbs (e.g. start, begin, continue) can
be followed by both patterns, with no • People started arriving an hour ago.
change of meaning: • He started to feel angry.
Some verbs (e.g. try, forget, remember) can be followed by both patterns, but the meaning changes:
• I try to read some reviews online, but my internet connection wasn’t working. (= I attempted to read them)
• I remember going there for the first time. (=I’m looking back at an earlier experience)
• Please remember to book a table. (=keep the plan in your memory)
Lesson B: Verb Patterns
Some verbs ( e.g. advise, ask, invite,

They warned me not to tell anyone.
remind, tell, warn) need an object
I’ve invited your parents to visit us
before to + infinitive:
Make: (= force) and let (= allow) are

• My boss made me work late.
followed by an object and a bare
• He let me drive his car.
infinitive
Lesson B: Verb Patterns
Other uses of the verb + -ing
When a verb comes after a preposition (about, of, • I’m worried about not being good enough.
by), the verb is always in the-ing form: • They escaped by breaking a window.
When a verb is the subject of the sentence, it is Eating in a restaurant is more expensive than
usually in the –ing form at home.
Other uses of to + infinitive

Infinitive of purpose: Adjective + to + infinitive: Adjective + to + infinitive:
I went online to read the news. I was relieved to see I wasn’t late. I was relieved to see I wasn’t late
Verb + question word + to + infinitive:
I don’t know where to go or who to ask.
NOW YOUR TURN: Underline the correct option.
1. I agreed going / to go to the hospital.

2. He admitted to take / taking the money.
3. Remember to collect / collecting the dry cleaning on your way home.
4. We tried making / to make some cakes but the oven wasn’t working.
5. I made the dog sit / sitting down.
6. Maria refused watching / to watch the scary film.
7. It’s important making / to make a reservation in advance.
8. They don’t mind walking / to walk home tonight.
9. We advised to have / them to have a short holiday.
10.My mum always let me stay / to stay up late
1. I agreed going / to go to the hospital.
2. He admitted to take / taking the money.
3. Remember to collect / collecting the dry cleaning on your way home.
4. We tried making / to make some cakes but the oven wasn’t working.
5. I made the dog sit / sitting down.
6. Maria refused watching / to watch the scary film.
7. It’s important making / to make a reservation in advance.
8. They don’t mind walking / to walk home tonight.
9. We advised to have / them to have a short holiday.
10.My mum always let me stay / to stay up late
References:

MURPHY, Raymond - Grammar in use – Reference and Practice for Intermediate
Students of English
UNIT 9:
ENTERTAINMENT
Contents:
• Lesson A: The passive.

• Active and Passive
• Lesson B: Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clause
• Omitting Relative Pronouns
Lesson A: The Passive
We form the passive using be + past participle.
• ACTIVE • PASSIVE
• They make a lot of films in Hollywood.
• A lot of films are made in Hollywood.
• The scriptwriters are writing a new script
this week. • A new script is being written this week.
• The estate agent sold the house for • The house has been sold for $1 million.
$1million. • There was an accident while the bridge
• There was an accident while they were was being built.
building the bridge. • A film will be made from the book.
• A film studio will make a film from the
• Our car was stolen at night.
book.
• Somebody stole the car at night. • The work should be done by an expert.
• An expert should do the work.
• We use passive verb forms:

• When the main thing we are talking about is the object of the verb.
• A film will be made from the book.
• The book should be done by an expert. (We are talking about the work, not the expert.)
• When the agent (the doer) isn’t important.
• The house has been sold for $ 1 million. (We don’t care about the state agent)
• When the agent (the doer) is very obvious.
• A new script is being written this week. (by scriptwriters)
• When we don’t know who did something / what caused something.
• Our car was stolen at night.
• Negative and questions are made in the same way as other uses of be:
• Films aren’t made here. Is a film being made here?
• We use by to introduce the person or thing that did the action (the agent):
• This frame was drawn by one of the animators.
• We usually use with to introduce a tool, instrument or technique that was
used by the agent:
• The pirate’s beard was controlled with a wire.
• We can say something was made by hand or by machine:
• This jumper was made by hand in Scotland.
Complete the passive sentences. Don´t include any agents that are inside
NOW YOUR TURN: brackets.
1. James Cameron directed Avatar 1. Avatar was directed by James Cameron.
2. (People) still make these shoes by hand. 2. These shoes ____________________.
3. (They) will build a new bridge next year. 3. A new _________________________ .
4. My grand father gave me this watch. 4. I______________________.
5. (We) have told everybody to be here on time. 5. Everybody ______________________.
6. (People) will laugh at you if you wear that hat. 6. You ___________________________.
7. A computer program creates the special effects. 7. The special effects ________________.
8. My parents are looking after our dog this week. 8. Our dog ________________________.
9. (They) offered me $1000 for my painting. 9. I ______________________________.
10.(Somebody) was repairing my car at the time. 10.My car _________________________.
1. James Cameron directed Avatar 1. Avatar was directed by James Cameron.
2. (People) still make this shoes by hand. 2.These shoes _are still made by hand.
3. (They) will build a new bridge next year. 3.A new _bridge will be built next year .
4. My grand father gave me this watch.
4.I was giving this watch by my grandfather.
5. (We) have told everybody to be here on time.
5. Everybody has been told to be here on time.
6. (People) will laugh at you if you wear that hat.
6. You will be laughed at if you wear that hat.
7. A computer program creates the special effects. 7. The special effects are created by a computer program.
8. My parents are looking after our dog this week. 8. Our dog is being looked after my parents this week.
9. (They) offered me $1000 for my painting. 9. I was offered $1000 for my painting.
10.(Somebody) was repairing my car at the time. 10.My car was being repaired at the time.
Rewrite the sentences as either Yes/No questions (?) or
NOW YOUR TURN: negative (-).
1. We were picked up at the airport 1. (-) We weren’t picked up at the airport
2. The painting’s already been sold. 2. (?) Has the painting already been sold?
3. The work will be finished by Saturday. 3. (-) _________________________ .
4. The film´s been made in Brazil. 4. (?) _________________________.
5. Tomatoes are grown in Spain. 5. (?) _________________________ .
6. The car was being driven too fast. 6. (-) _________________________.
7. The costumes were made by hand. 7. (?) _________________________.
8. The sculpture has been taken to the piazza. 8. (-) _________________________.
1. We were picked up at the airport 1. (-) We weren’t picked up at the airport
2. The painting’s already been sold. 2. (?) Has the painting already been sold?
3. The work will be finished by Saturday. 3. (-) The work won’t be finished by Saturday .
4. The film´s been made in Brazil. 4. (?) Has the film being made in Brazil?.
5. Tomatoes are grown in Spain. 5. (?) Are tomatoes grown in Spain? .
6. The car was being driven too fast. 6. (-) The car wasn’t being driven too fast.
7. The costumes were made by hand. 7. (?) Were the costumes made by hand?.
8. The sculpture has been taken to the piazza. 8. (-) The sculpture hasn’t been taken to the piazza.
Lesson B: Defining and non-defining relative clauses.
• Defining relative clauses define a noun or make it more specific. They tell us which particular thing or
what kind of thing. In defining relative clause, we can also use that instead of who or which
• I love music that makes people dance.

• I hate books which don´t have happy endings.
• My dad met the woman who reads the news on TV yesterday!
• They’re the couple that I told you about
• Non-defining relative clause give extra information about a noun, but they are not necessary for the
sentence to make sense:
• The DJ was playing hip hop (This sentence is incomplete)
• The DJ was playing hip hop, which is my favorite kind of music. (This relative clause adds more
information.)
• In writing, we need a coma before and after a non-defining relative clause.

• Don’t use commas in defining relative clauses:
• We visited the market on a Sunday, when they sell clothes and jewelry.
• I met Lucy, who was staying with relatives nearby, for a coffee.
• In both types of relative clause, we can use who, which, whose, where and when:
• Have you been to that restaurant where you cook your own food at the table?
• Did you meet the girl whose father climbed Mt. Everest?
• Omitting relative pronouns

• We can often leave out who / which / that or when from defining relative clauses:
• He likes the cheese (which/that) I bought. (I bought the cheese. Cheese = object)
• Don’t leave out the relative pronoun if it’s the subject of the relative
clause (who, which or that ):
• He likes the cheese that comes from Turkey.
• Never leave out the relative pronoun from a non-defining relative

clause:
• This cheese, which Greg really likes, comes from Turkey.
• (NOT: This cheese, Greg really likes.
Defining and non-defining relative clauses
NOW YOUR TURN:
• Complete the sentences with a word from the box
• Which (X 3) who where when whose (X 2)
1. I love people _________ can make me laugh.
2. I told Paula my secret ______ she then told anyone!
3. The film ______ I saw was really good.
4. I usually listen to music ______ I feel sad.
5. This album, _____ came out in 1967, has some great songs.
6. Mark is the person _____ father used to be a singer.
7. The shop _____ I bought this T-shirt has closed now.
8. I met Sara, _____ husband I work with, yesterday.
NOW CHECK
YOUR TURN:
YOUR ANSWERS:
• Complete the sentences with a word from the box.
•Which (X 3) who where when whose (X 2)
1. I love people _Who_ can make me laugh.
2. I told Paula my secret _which_ she then told anyone!
3. The film _which_ I saw was really good.
4. I usually listen to music _when_ I feel sad.
5. This album, which came out in 1967, has some great songs.
6. Mark is the person _whose_ father used to be a singer.
7. The shop _where_ I bought this T-shirt has closed now.
8. I met Sara, _whose_ husband I work with, yesterday.
NOW YOUR TURN: Rewrite the sentences adding the information in brackets as a defining
relative clauses. Leave out who, which or that if possible.
1. I like the tune. (You were singing it) 1. I like the tune you were singing.
2. That’s the DJ. (he was here two week ago)
2. _________________________ .
3. We need music (It makes you want to dance)
3. _________________________ .
4. That’s the stage. (We’re going to perform there)
4. _________________________ .
5. I’ve got a CD. (You’ll like it)
5. _________________________ .
6. What did you think of the music? (I chose it)
7. What’s the name of your friend? (You borrowed his 6. _________________________ .

CD) 7. _________________________ .
8. The song changed my life. (It’s playing on the radio) 8. _________________________
1. I like the tune. (You were singing it) 1. I like the tune you were singing.
2. That’s the DJ. (he was here two week ago) 2. That’s the DJ who / that was here two week ago.
3. We need music (It makes you want to dance) 3. We need music that makes you want to dance
4. That’s the stage. (We’re going to perform there) 4. That’s the stage where we’re going to perform.
5. I’ve got a CD. (You’ll like it) 5. I’ve got a CD you’ll like.
6. What did you think of the music? (I chose it) 6. What did you think of the music, I chose ?
7. What’s the name of your friend whose CD you borrowed?

7. What’s the name of your friend? (You borrowed his
CD) 8. The song that / which is playing on the radio changed my
life.
8. The song changed my life. (It’s playing on the radio)
References:
MURPHY, Raymond - Grammar in use – Reference and Practice for Intermediate Students of English
UNIT 10:
OPPORTUNITIES
Contents:
• 10 A: Second conditional.
• 10 B: Third conditional
Lesson A: Second conditional
We use the second conditional to talk about imagined events or states and their
consequences. They can be about the unreal present or the unlikely future.
Real present Unreal present and consequence
I don’t know the answer. If I knew the answer. I’d tell you.
Likely future Unlikely / imagined future and consequence
She won’t find out that you lied. She would be angry if she found out you had lied.
We usually use the past simple in the if-clause and would in the main clause.
We can also use could or might instead of would:

• You could afford to go on holiday if you were more careful with your money.
• If you tried harder, you might win a medal.
Lesson A: The second conditional
The verb be has a special form in a second conditional. We can use were for all persons ( If I were
you, If you were, If she were, etc.)
If I were taller, I’d be better at basketball.
We use the phrase If I were you to give advice.
If I were you, I wouldn’t eat that fish. It doesn’t smell fresh.
We don’t always need to include the If-clause if the meaning is clear:

E.g.: Look at that house! That would be a good place to live. (… if we moved there)
I’m sure Jack would help you. (… if you asked)
When talking about the future, you can usually choose between the first and second conditional.
Use the first conditional if you think a future If we score one more point, we’ll win.
event is likely. (I think there’s a good chance of this)
Use the second conditional if you think it is If we scored one more point, we’d win.
unlikely. (I think It’s too difficult to do this)
Match the sentence beginnings 1-8 with the most
NOW YOUR TURN: logical endings a-h
Underline the correct option
1. What would / did you do if you’d see / you saw a robbery taking place?
2. Which of your body parts did / would you change if you would / had plastic surgery?
3. If my friend would be / were drunk, but still wanted to drive, I wouldn’t / didn’t let him to do it.
4. If you would be / were invited to the Carondelet Palace, What did / would you wear a suit?
5. If I knew / I’d know his number, I would call / called him at this moment.
6. Would / Did you cheat on your English test if the teacher left / would go the room?
7. What would / did you say if your boyfriend/girlfriend would propose / proposed to you tonight?
8. If a cashier accidentally would give /gave me extra change, I would give / gave it back immediately.
9. If you and your friend would be / were on a sinking ship with only one life-preserver, what do / would you do?
10.I forgot to do the assignment if you didn’t / wouldn’t call me, I was / would be in a lot of troubles.
1. What would / did you do if you’d see / you saw a robbery taking place?
2. Which of your body parts did / would you change if you would / had plastic surgery?
3. If my friend would be / were drunk, but still wanted to drive, I wouldn’t / didn’t let him to do it.
4. If you would be / were invited to the Carondelet Palace, What did / would you wear a suit?
5. If I knew / I’d know his number, I would call / called him at this moment.
6. Would / Did you cheat on your English test if the teacher left / would go the room?
7. What would / did you say if your boyfriend/girlfriend would propose / proposed to you tonight?
8. If a cashier accidentally would give /gave me extra change, I would give / gave it back immediately.
9. If you and your friend would be / were on a sinking ship with only one life-preserver, what do / would you do?
10. I forgot to do the assignment if you didn’t / wouldn’t call me, I was / would be in a lot of troubles.
Lesson B: Third conditional
COMMON USES OF THIRD CONDITIONAL
Third conditional
What does ‘d mean in each sentence? Write had or would.
1. If you’d (___) told me earlier, we’d (___) have saved a lot time.
2. I’d (___) have gone to see you if I’d (___) known that you were sick last week
3. He’d (___) not have taken the exam if he’d (___) known that it would be so difficult.
4. If she’d (___) been hungry, she ‘d (___) have eaten something in a break.
5. If I’d (___) gone to the party last night, I’d (___) be tired now.
What does ‘d mean in each sentence? Write had or would.
1. If you’d (had) told me earlier, we’d (would) have saved a lot time.
2. If you’d (had) told me earlier, we’d (would) have saved a lot time.
3. He’d (would) not have taken the exam if he’d (had) known that it would be so difficult.
4. If she’d (had) been hungry, she ‘d (would) have eaten something in a break.
5. If I’d (had) gone to the party last night, I’d (would) be tired now.
Correct the mistakes.
1.If you’d been there, you would enjoy yourself.

1.you would have enjoyed.
2.We couldn’t have bought the house if they wouldn’t have lent us
2._______________________________ .
the money.
3.If they hadn’t noticed the fire, the whole house could burned
3._______________________________.
down. 4._______________________________.
4.If I know it was dangerous, I’d never have gone there.
5._______________________________.
5.What you would have done if I hadn’t helped you?
6._______________________________.
6.He could have been an opera singer if he’d have some training.
7.If they’d arrive a few minutes later, they might have missed you 7._______________________________.
1.If you’d been there, you would enjoy yourself.
1.you would have enjoyed.
2.We couldn’t have bought the house if they wouldn’t have lent us
2._if they hadn’t lent us_______ .
the money.
3.If they hadn’t noticed the fire, the whole house could burned 3.could have burned down.
down.
4.If I had known _________________ .
4.If I know it was dangerous, I’d never have gone there.
5.___What would you have done __ .
5.What you would have done if I hadn’t helped you?
6.___If he’d had _____________ .

6.He could have been an opera singer if he’d have some training.
7.If they’d arrive a few minutes later, they might have missed you. 7.If they’d arrived _________
References:
• Empower – Students book with online course – Reprinted edition – 2018.
• Empower – Teacher Book.
• https://dictionary.cambridge.org
• MURPHY, Raymond and Altman, Roann - Grammar in use – Reference and
Practice for Intermediate Students of English of English
• Jacobi, Martin – Grammar Practice; Worksheet for 180 Interactive Grammar
Activities

Empower B1+grammar Unidades 1-10

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Empower B1+grammar Unidades 1-10

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B1+ GRAMMAR

Lesson A: Learn to talk about different forms of communication.

Lesson B: Learn to describe experiences in the present.

Who told you the news? (Stuart told me the news.)

In questions with prepositions, the preposition goes at

Use How….? to ask about a person’s

1. Somebody kissed me.

1. Somebody kissed me.

1. I bought a newspaper this morning.

1. I bought a newspaper this morning. 4. I wrote a romantic letter to one of the

We use the present simple for:

We use the present continuous for:

The present continuous is not normally

1. Every Monday, Sally ___________(drive) her kids to football practice.

French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.

3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John ___________(sleep)

4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It _________(rain)

5. I hate living in Seattle because it _________(rain, always)

1. Every Monday, Sally drives (drive) her kids to football practice.

French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.

3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John is sleeping (sleep)

4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It is raining (rain)

5. I hate living in Seattle because it always rains (rain, always)

Complete the story. Use Simple Present and Present Continuous.

1. Today ________(be) Betty's birthday.

Complete the story. Use Simple Present and Present Continuous.

1. Today is (be) Betty's birthday.

We use the present perfect to talk about

We use the present perfect simple to talk about:

experiences in our lifetime, or news and recent events, often with a

unfinished states (when we want to talk about the duration).

I’ve never worked in an office.

We’ve lived in London since 2010.

We often introduce a topic with the

In the last hundred years, traveling ____________(become) much easier

1. Peter played/ has played/ have played football yesterday.

3. Last year we went/ has gone/ have gone to Italy.

5. I met/ has met/ have met my friend two days ago.

1. Peter played football yesterday.

2. They have cleaned the car. It looks new again.

3. Last year we went to Italy.

5. I met my friend two days ago.

Unfinished actions and

• We use the present perfect simple with state verbs:

Recent past actions with

New habits and repeated

• We use the present perfect continuous to describe repeated activities which

Robin: I think the waiter ________(forget) us. We __________(wait)

1. Judy: How long __________(be) in Canada?

1. Judy: How long have you been (be) in Canada?

• Lesson A Talk about a friendship

• We use past simple to We use the past continuous:

• I was traveling to the beach when I saw a car accident.

• The car broke down as I was driving on the highway.

I saw a car accident when I was

By the time I__________

We usually celebrate our parents birthday at home.

• We visited our grandparents for a holiday, quite often back then.

• I still love comedy movies, I usually watch them with my sister.

• Antonio Valencia … (play) for Manchester United.

1. I … eat greasy food, but now I have stopped.

2. That theater … be an old house.

3. I … like classical music, but now I don’t.

Robin: I think the waiter (forget) us. We __(wait)