MAA SL

EXERCISES 2.1-2.2 SOLUTIONS

LINES – QUADRATICS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

LINES

A. Practice questions
4 3 7
1. (a) m AB = (b) m AB = − (c) M( ,9) (d) d = 5 (e) (8,15)
3 4 2
2. (a) a = 1 (b) a = 11 (c) a = 5 (d) a = 5 ( and d = -3) (e) a = 0 or a = 6
3. (a) For x = 3k , we obtain y = 4k (b) k = ±2 (c) (6,8) and (-6,-8)
3 3 1
4. (a) m AB = , y = x− (b) 3 x − 2 y = 1
2 2 2
1 19
5. (a) y = 2 x + 7 (b) y = − x + (c) B(5,7) (d) d = 20 = 2 5
2 2
1 17
6. (a) m AB = 3 (b) y = 3 x − 1 (c) y = − x + (d) 3 x − y = 1 and x + 3 y = 17 (e) A(2,5)
3 3
2 3 17
7. (a) m AB = (b) M(1,7) (c) y = − x+ (d) d = 52 = 2 13 (e) 13
3 2 2
65
8. (a) x = 2 (b) y = 5 (c) P(2,5) (d) ABPC = 6 (e) AABD =
2
12 × 8
9. (a) A(6,-1) (b) B(-2,7) C(-2,-5) (c) Area = = 48
2

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

10. (i) 3x + 2y = 18, For x=0 2y = 18 ⇒ y = 9 (A1)

therefore A = (0,9) (A1) (C2)
(ii) For y=0, 3x = 18 ⇒ x = 6 (A1)
B = (6,0) (A1) (C2)
0+ 6 9+ 0
(iii) midpoint between (0, 9) and (6, 0):  ,  = (3, 4.5) (A1)(A1) (C2)
 2 2 
[6]
11. (a) y = −2 x + 3
gradient of line L1 = −2 (A1) (C1)
(b) METHOD 1
( y − y1 ) = m ( x − x1 ) ⇒ ( y − (−4) ) = −2( x − 6) (M1)
y + 4 = −2 x + 12 (A1)
y = −2 x + 8 (A1) (C3)
METHOD 2
Substituting the point ( 6, −4 ) in y = mx + c , i.e. −4 = –2(6) + c (M1)
c=8 (A1)
y = −2 x + 8 (A1) (C3)
(c) when line L1 cuts the x-axis, y = 0 (M1)
y = −2 x + 8
x=4 (A1) (C2)
[6]

1
 QUADRATICS

A. Practice questions
12.
f ( x) = 2 x 2 − 12 x + 10 f ( x) = 2 x 2 − 12 x + 18 f ( x) = 2 x 2 − 12 x + 23

Roots 1, 5 3 (double), No real roots,

Factorisation No
f ( x ) = 2( x − 1)( x − 5) f ( x ) = 2( x − 3) 2
(if possible) factorization

axis of
symmetry
x=3 x=3 x=3

Vertex V(3,-8) V(3,0) V(3,5)

Vertex form
f ( x ) = a ( x − h) 2 + k
f ( x) = 2( x − 3) 2 − 8 f ( x ) = 2( x − 3) 2 f ( x ) = 2( x − 3) 2 + 5
Solve
f ( x) ≥ 0 x ≤1 or x≥5 x∈R x∈R
Solve
f ( x) > 0 x < 1 or x > 5 x ∈ R − {0} x∈R
Solve No solutions
f ( x) ≤ 0 1≤ x ≤ 5 x=0 (It is always positive)
Solve No solutions No solutions
f ( x) < 0 1< x < 5 (It is always positive or 0) (It is always positive)

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

13. (a) x2 – 3x – 10 = (x – 5)(x + 2) (M1)(A1) (C2)
(b) x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 ⇒ (x – 5)(x + 2) = 0⇒ x = 5 or x = –2 (M1)(A1) (C2)
[4]
1
14. (a) p=– , q = 2 or vice versa (A1)(A1) (C2)
2
(b) By symmetry C is midway between p, q (M1)
Note: This (M1) may be gained by implication.
− 1 +2 3
⇒ x-coordinate is 2 = (A1) (C2)
2 4
[4]
15. (a) evidence of attempting to solve f (x) = 0 (M1)
evidence of correct working A1
1± 9
eg (x + 1)( x − 2 ),
2
intercepts are (−1, 0) and (2, 0) (accept x = −1, x = 2) A1A1 N1N1
(b) evidence of appropriate method (M1)
x +x b
eg xv = 1 2 , xv = − , reference to symmetry
2 2a
xv = 0.5 A1 N2
[6]
16. (7 – x)(1 + x) = 0⇔ x = 7 or x = –1 (M1)(A1)(C1)(C1)
7 + −1
B: x = = 3; (A1)
2
y = (7 – 3)(l + 3) = 16 (A1) (C2)
[4]

2
17. y = (x +2)(x – 3) = x2 – x – 6 (M1)(A1)
Therefore, p = –1, q = –6 (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
OR
0 = 4 – 2p + q (A1)
0 = 9 + 3p + q (A1)
p = –1, q = –6 (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
[4]
18. Graph of quadratic function.

Expression + – 0
a (A1) (C1)
c (A1) (C1)
b2 – 4ac (A1) (C1)
b (A1) (C1)
[4]

19. (a) evidence of setting function to zero e.g. f(x) = 0, 8x = 2x2 (M1)
evidence of correct working A1
− 8 ± 64
e.g. 0 = 2x(4 – x),
−4
x-intercepts are at 4 and 0 (accept (4, 0) and (0, 0), or x = 4, x = 0) A1A1 N1N1
(b) (i) x = 2 (must be equation) A1 N1
(ii) substituting x = 2 into f(x) (M1)
y=8 A1 N2
[7]
20. (a) q = –2, r = 4 or q = 4, r = –2 A1A1 N2
(b) x = 1 (must be an equation) A1 N1
(c) substituting (0, –4) into the equation (M1)
correct working towards solution e.g. –4 = –8p (A1)
4 1
p = =  A1 N2
8  2
[6]
21. 4x2 + 4kx + 9 = 0
Only one solution ⇒ b2 – 4ac = 0 (M1)
16k2 – 4(4)(9) = 0 (A1)
k2 = 9
k = ±3 (A1)
But given k > 0, k = 3 (A1) (C4)
OR
One solution ⇒ (4x2 + 4kx + 9) is a perfect square (M1)
4x2 + 4kx + 9 = (2x ± 3)2 by inspection (A2)
given k > 0, k = 3 (A1) (C4)
[4]
22. One solution ⇒ discriminant = 0 (M2)
2
3 – 4k = 0 (A2)
9 = 4k
9 1 
k =  = 2 , 2.25  (A2) (C6)
4 4 
Note: If candidates correctly solve an incorrect equation, award M2 A0 A2(ft),
if they have the first line or equivalent, otherwise award no marks.
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3
23. (a) attempt to use discriminant (M1)
correct substitution, (k – 3)2 – 4 × k × 1 (A1)
setting their discriminant equal to zero M1
e.g. (k – 3)2 – 4 × k × 1 = 0, k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
k = 1, k = 9 A1A1 N3
(b) k = 1, k = 9 A2 N2
[7]
24. (a) valid approach (M1)
e.g. b 2 − 4ac, ∆ = 0, (− 4k )2 − 4(2k )(1)
correct equation A1
e.g. (–4k)2 – 4(2k)(1) = 0, 16k2 = 8k, 2k2 – k = 0
correct manipulation A1
8 ± 64
e.g. 8k (2k − 1),
32
1
k= A2 N3 5
2
(b) recognizing vertex is on the x-axis M1
e.g. (1, 0), sketch of parabola opening upward from the x-axis
P≥0 A1 N1 2
[7]
25. Discriminant ∆ = b2 – 4ac (= (–2k)2 – 4) (A1)
∆>0 (M2)
Note: Award (M1)(M0) for ∆ ≥ 0.
(2k)2 – 4 > 0 ⇒ 4k2 – 4 > 0
EITHER 4k2 > 4 (k2 > 1) (A1)
OR 4(k – 1)(k + 1) > 0 (A1)
OR (2k – 2)(2k + 2) > 0 (A1)
THEN k < –1 or k > 1 (A1)(A1) (C6)
Note: Award (A1) for –1 < k <1.
[6]
26. Method 1
b2 – 4ac = 9 – 4k (M1)
9 – 4k > 0 (M1)
2.25 > k (A1)
crosses the x-axis if k = 1 or k = 2 (A3) (C6)
Method 2
y

(M2)(M1)
Note: Award (M2) for one (relevant) curve; (M1) for a second one.
k = 1 or k = 2 (G3)
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4
27. (a) METHOD 1
Using the discriminant = 0 (q2 − 4(4)(25) = 0) M1
q2 = 400
q = 20, q = −20 A1A1 N2
METHOD 2
Using factorizing:
(2x − 5)(2x − 5) and/or (2x + 5) (2x + 5) M1
q = 20, q = −20 A1A1 N2
(b) x = 2.5 A1 N1
(c) (0, 25) A1A1 N2
[6]
2
28. (a) f (x) = x – 6x + 14
f (x) = x2 – 6x + 9 – 9 + 14 (M1)
f (x) = (x – 3)2 + 5 (M1)
(b) Vertex is (3, 5) (A1)(A1)
[4]
2 2
29. (a) 2x – 8x + 5 = 2(x – 4x + 4) + 5 – 8 (M1)
= 2(x – 2)2 – 3 (A1)(A1)(A1)
=> a = 2, p = 2, q = –3 (C4)
(b) Minimum value of 2(x – 2)2 = 0 (or minimum value occurs when x = 2) (Ml)
⇒ Minimum value of f (x) = –3 (A1) (C2)
OR
Minimum value occurs at (2, –3) (M1)(A1) (C2)
[6]
30. (a) Vertex is (4, 8) A1A1 N2
(b) Substituting −10 = a(7 − 4)2 + 8 M1
a = −2 A1 N1
(c) For y-intercept, x = 0 (A1)
y = −24 A1 N2
[6]
31. (a) Since the vertex is at (3, 1)
h=3 (A1)
k=1 (A1) 2
2
(b) (5, 9) is on the graph ⇒ 9 = a(5 – 3) + 1 (M1)
= 4a + 1 (A1)
=>9–1=4a=8 (A1)
=>a=2 (AG) 3
Note: Award (M1)(A1)(A0) for using a reverse proof, ie
substituting for a, h, k and showing that (5, 9) is on the graph.
(c) y = 2(x – 3)2 + 1 (M1)
2
= 2x – 12x + 19 (AG) 1
[6]
32. (a) h=3 k =2 (A1) (A1) 2
(b) y≤2 (A2)
(c) f ( x) = − ( x − 3)2 + 2
= − x 2 + 6 x − 9 + 2 (must be a correct expression) (A1)
= − x2 + 6 x − 7 (AG) 1
[5]
33. (a) (i) h=–1 (A2) (C2)
(ii) k = 2 (A1) (C1)
(b) a(l + l)2 + 2 = 0 (M1)(A1)
a = –0.5 (A1) (C3)
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5
34. (a) (i) p = 1, q = 5 (or p = 5, q = 1) A1A1 N2
(ii) x = 3 (must be an equation) A1 N1
(b) y = (x − 1)(x − 5)
= x2 − 6x + 5 (A1)
= (x − 3)2 − 4 (accept h = 3, k = −4) A1A1 N3
[6]
35. (a) (i) m=3 A2 N2
(ii) p = 2 A2 N2
(b) Appropriate substitution M1
eg 0 = d(1 − 3)2 + 2, 0 = d(5 − 3)2 + 2, 2 = d(3 − 1)(3 − 5)
1
d =− A1 N1
2
[6]
36. (a) p = −2 q = 4 (or p = 4, q = −2 ) (A1)(A1) (N1)(N1)
(b) y = a ( x + 2)( x − 4)
8 = a (6 + 2)(6 − 4) (M1)
8 = 16a
1
a= (A1) (N1)
2
1 1 1
(c) y = ( x + 2)( x − 4) , y = ( x 2 − 2 x − 8) , y = x 2 − x − 4 (A1) (N1)
2 2 2
1 9
(d) y= ( x − 1) 2 − (A1)(A1)(A1) (N1)(N1)(N1)
2 2
[8]
37. (a) f (x) = –10(x + 4)(x – 6) A1A1 N2 2
(b) METHOD 1
attempting to find the x-coordinate of maximum point (M1)
e.g. averaging the x-intercepts, sketch, y′ = 0, axis of symmetry
attempting to find the y-coordinate of maximum point (M1)
e.g. k = –10(1+ 4)(1– 6)
f (x) = –10(x –1)2 + 250 A1A1 N4 4
METHOD 2
attempt to expand f (x) (M1)
e.g. –10(x2 – 2x – 24)
attempt to complete the square (M1)
e.g. –10((x –1)2 –1– 24)
f (x) = –10(x –1)2 + 250 A1A1 N4 4
(c) attempt to simplify (M1)
e.g. distributive property, –10(x –1)(x –1) + 250
correct simplification A1
e.g. –10(x2 – 6x + 4x – 24), –10(x2 – 2x +1) + 250
f (x) = 240 + 20x –10x2 AG N0 2
[8]
38. (a) evidence of substituting (–4, 3) (M1)
correct substitution 3 = a(–4)2 + b(–4) + c A1
16a – 4b + c = 3 AG N0
(b) 3 = 36a + 6b + c, –1 = 4a – 2b + c A1A1 N1N1
(c) a = 0.25, b = –0.5, c = –3 (accept fractions) A2
f (x) = 0.25x2 – 0.5x – 3 A1 N3
(d) f(x) = 0.25(x – 1)2 – 3.25
(accept h = 1, k = –3.25, a = 0.25, or fractions) A1A1A1 N3
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