Situational AWARENESS

Theme: Security begins with you

Date
Presentation Outline

❑ Session Objectives

❑ Why Do We Need Situational Awareness

PART I ❑ Understanding Personal Security
Introduction ❑ Current Crime Trends

❑ Motivation for Crime

❑ Active Shooter Response

❑ Sharing Experience – It Happened to Me

Session Objective
To equip participants (staff) with the skill to identify, interpret and

implement behavioural actions that will minimize the likelihood of

being targeted and or compel the adversary to change his

plan/abandon his mission.

We aim to:
❑ Inform and Educate.
❑ Promote and Raise Awareness.
❑ Provide Practical Advise.
Security Role
❑ The role of Group Security is to support and enable businesses across the
Group

4
Why Do We Need Situational Awareness
❑ Awareness – Aware of the security status
applicable to the environment
❑ Avoidance – Position to avoid or minimize a
potential incident or risk - the best way of
reducing exposure to threats for Image of environment and Risk
themselves, their families and the company.
❑ Preparedness – Position to implement
procedures in order to deal with a
deteriorating situation Every Environment Has its Risks
❑ Reaction – Position to avoid or minimize the
consequences of an actual incident or risk
Personal Security
❑ What is personal security? Every criminal activity is based on the three elements
of motive, desire and opportunity. Therefore:
❑All proactive measures taken by
Motive + Desire + Opportunity = Theft/Criminal
an individual to protect himself
activity
from criminal activities leading
to: Motive
o Loss
o Injury
o Harm
o Danger
o Loss of freedom
Desire Opportunity
o Trauma
o Death
Solution: Eliminate or Reduce Opportunity
Reflections
❑ When/How/where am I vulnerable? Is it…
❑ Home
❑ En-route (travelling on foot/vehicle)
❑ Place of work
❑ Leisure places Image
❑ Worship places

❑ Who could be watching me…why

❑ How do I know I am being watched…..what do I do?
Current Crime Trends (Overview)
❑ Robbery - (Armed robbery / Residential Robbery)
❑ Carjacking / Car theft
❑ Kidnap for ransom (for ritual)
❑ General street Crime: Pick pocketing, Mugging, smash and grab,
Taxi/bus attacks (Uber / one chance’ risk)
❑ Sporadic civil unrest situations / demonstrations
❑ Other Crimes: Rape, Blackmail and Extortion, Sea pirate attacks,
ritual killings, civil unrest, internet scam, etc).
Motivation For ‘VIOLENT’ Crime…
❑ Ideology
❑ Monetary / Economic
❑ Greed
❑ Revenge
❑ Peer action
❑ Ill health (psycho)
❑ Adventure
Sharing Crime Experience
. . . It happened to me
 Presentation Outline
❑ Robbery (residential, bank, carjacking) - Trends and
mitigation measures.
❑ Civil Unrest
❑ Kidnap (for ransom, for ritual)
PART II ❑ Travel tips
Situational ❑ Suspicious People, Scam, Fraud and extortion
Awareness ❑ Flood and Fire Risk
❑ Misconceptions and Habits That expose Us to Risk
❑ Home/Domestic security
❑ Human response to Security Incidents
❑ Overview of recurring risks
Situational Awareness

SA involves being aware of what is

happening in the vicinity, in order to
understand how information, events,
and one’s own actions will impact
goals and objectives, both immediately Image
and in the near future. It is your
perception of the environment which is
critical to decision-making in a complex,
dynamic and risk ridden environment.
ARMED ROBBERY
Armed Robbery Trends
❑ Robbery is common and takes place in every state of
the country though with varying degree.
❑ Robbery locations include banks, homes, airport, places
of worship, travel routes, recreational centres.
❑ Robbers trail residents coming from clubs, church to
their homes.
❑ Trail targets leaving their homes/ workplace
❑ Opportunistic robbers attack persons who are in the
wrong place at the wrong time.
❑ They can attack at any time of the day
Armed Robbery Mitigation Measures
❑ Be vigilant for signs of possible incidents ahead.
❑ Respond to instructions calmly and promptly, without questions.
❑ Do not resist. Stay calm and passive.
❑ Avoid eye contact.
❑ Never make sudden physical movements do not reach for seat belt (if
driving).
❑ Don’t attempt a high-speed getaway.
❑ Leave vehicle engine running unless instructed otherwise.
❑ Dial the police emergency number 767 or 112 as soon as safe to do.so
Residential Robbery Trend
❑ Insider collusion, domestic staff, family,
Artisans, workmen, plumbers, carpenters
passing on information.
❑ The use of force and extreme violence
involving well organized armed robbers.
❑ Deceit - Robbers posing as bus and taxi
operators, traffic hawkers, garbage
collectors, commercial motorcyclists.
❑ Corporate robbers in designer
suits/dresses and driving expensive cars
(Stolen).
Criminals are determined, you too must be determined
not to be a victim
Residential Robbery Mitigation Measures
❑ Maintain a low profile in your area.
❑ Compound illumination, consider installing a simple alarm system,
CCTV (do it yourself kits are cheap and easy to manage).
❑ Cordial relationships between domestic workers, family and
neighbors.
❑ Local neighborhood watches, procedures and Police engagement.
❑ Use of man guards to secure residence – guard dogs can be helpful if
leaving in a residential area that permits it.
❑ Workmen: obtain the name of service / repair personnel before
arrival.
❑ Keep a limited amount of money at home.
 VIDEO 4: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS – - ROBBERY

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What

Who

Where

When

How

Why
What To Do During Bank Robbery
❑ Do not be heroic by putting yourself in danger. No amount
of money or property is worth a life.
❑ Obey the offender's instructions but do only what you are
told and nothing more.
❑ Do not volunteer any information.
❑ Avoid eye contact with the offender; the robber is trying to
avoid getting caught, and he probably knows what you’re
looking for. Therefore, do not stare at a bank robber.

o Stay out of danger; if you are not directly involved and if

you can leave the building safely, do so and then raise the
alarm. Preserving life is critical at this point

o Victims of armed robbery frequently suffer trauma after

the event. If so please seek professional counseling.
CAR JACKING
Car Jacking Trends

❑ High crime areas.

❑ Intersections where you must stop.
❑ Isolated areas in parking lots (car parks).
❑ Residential driveways and gates.
❑ Traffic jams or congested areas. LET GO …your life is worth more than property
Possible Car Jacking Scenarios
Scenarios commonly used in Nigeria include but not limited to the following:
❑ The Bump—The attacker bumps the victim's vehicle from behind. The victim
gets out to assess the damage…
❑ Good Samaritan—The attacker(s) stage what appears to be an accident. They
may simulate an injury. The victim stops to assist…
❑ The Ruse—The vehicle behind the victim flashes its lights or the driver waves to
get the victim's attention. The attacker tries to indicate that there is a problem
with the victim's car. Victim stops…
❑ The Trap—Carjackers use surveillance to follow the victim home. When the
victim pulls into his or her driveway waiting for the gate to open, the attacker
pulls up behind and blocks the victim's car…
Car Jacking Mitigation Measures
❑ Be alert at all times and observe
behaviors on the road and around you.
❑ While driving, make sure all doors are
locked.
❑ Lock away any valuables that you have
away from sight.
❑ Roll up your windows. If you must leave
some space, make sure it is only a small
opening .
Don’t try to be a hero….or a ‘James Bond’
❑ Should something of this nature happen
to you, proceed to the nearest police
station and report the occurrence.
CIVIL UNREST
Civil Unrest Trends
❑ Vandalizing vehicles and
properties.
❑ Harassing civilians.
❑ Traffic disruption.
❑ Road blocks.
❑ Burning tyres.
❑ Extortion. “A mob has no mind of its own”
Civil Unrest Mitigation Measures
❑ Conceal your phone / valuables if in the scene of
disturbance.
❑ Avoid being conspicuous if at the scene of the
unrest.
❑ If already trapped in their midst, obey all commands
of the demonstrators/rioters.
❑ Utilise reasonable opportunity to leave the scene, if
safe to do so.
“A mob and Violence are Twin”
❑ Show sympathy.
❑ Avoid area or return to residence and await further
instructions from security.
KIDNAP
Kidnap Trends
❑ Kidnap-for-Ransom (short term financial gain).
❑ Many cases go unreported and resolved by family members.
❑ Victims are often targeted due to their considered affluence, work profile or status.
❑ High frequency of incidents sometimes involve insider collusion.
❑ Captivity periods relativity short (1 to 14days).
❑ A high percentage of successful outcomes, (releases without harm).
❑Police and other government agencies have been proactive and increased their
investigation, case management capability and competence.
❑ Corporate/Multi-national organizations operate a ‘do not pay’ ransom policy.
This policy is intended to remove the incentive for kidnap for ransom or hostage taking.
❑ Companies (including PZL) invest more on prevention and avoidance through
awareness, training and regular advisory
VIDEO SHOW
Key Actions to Observe in Video
What Happened
To Who
Where
When
How
Why
 KIDNAP PREVENTION TIPS
❑ Poverty is a propelling force that pushes people toward crime. People find themselves
into kidnapping because they are no longer happy with their own condition.
❑ Lower your profile and avoid routine.
❑ Be aware of your environment at all times – distractions (including phones) may divert your
attention and make you vulnerable.
❑ Investigate before you go for that job interview/offer – people could lure you for an interview
only to discover too late that it was a set up.
❑ Be alert to suspicious and unusual behaviour around you.
❑ Be discrete in your philanthropic gestures as this could make you a target.
❑ Do not discuss financial matters in open places and not even in the car or within the hearing of
your domestic staff.
❑ Watch what and where you speak, especially on the phone – a lot of people have no sense of
security while speaking, and could end up bragging yourself into being kidnapped and asked to
pay a ransom.
❑ If applicable, talk to your kids/family members often about basic personal security.
 VIDEO 3: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS – KIDNAP

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What

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How

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Kidnap Mitigation Measures
In the event of kidnapping (this is the most dangerous phase of a kidnapping situation as
they are tense and may act irrational to exert dominance and discourage escape).

Do’s
❑ Comply with commands.
❑ Remain neutral.
❑Personalize yourself and your
captors.
❑Alert capture of your medical
needs.
❑ Remove indications of authority.
❑ Accept food and other comforts.
❑ Don'ts
❑ Attempt to self negotiate.
❑ Do not react or dispute statements made
by hostage taker.
❑ Be critical of politics or religion.
❑ Be a hero.
❑ Try not to stand out or,
❑ Stare!
❑ But do maintain good positive eye contact.

Maintain mental alertness by thinking positively and maintaining hope!

TRAVEL SECURITY TIPS
At The Airport And in The Air

❑ Follow all safety and security

rules and instructions.

❑ Don't leave your baggage

unattended.

❑ Don't let anyone other than

airport staff members handle
your luggage.

❑ Don't accept any packages from

strangers.
Travel Security Tips
❑ Keep travel information confidential.
❑ Ensure your vehicle is in a good state of repair.
❑ Keep secure – Lock doors/Windows.
❑Only Park in populated areas or well used
roads.
❑ Know the locations of police stations, hospitals
and telephones at your destination.
❑Know and obey traffic regulations and road
signs.
We different reasons for being on the road
❑ Be vigilant for signs of possible incidents ahead.
❑ Conceal signs of company affiliation.
 VIDEO 3: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS – SMASH AND GRAB

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What

Who

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When

How

Why
Travel Security Tips Contd..
❑ Deceit - robbers posing as bus and taxi
operators, traffic hawkers, security men.
❑ Avoid travelling on politically sensitive days
e.g. rallies.
❑ If being waved down by strangers along the
highway pointing to a car fault, Do Not
Stop!
❑Where possible do not drive at night in high
risk areas. Road conditions may not be friendly

❑Be particularly careful if travelling on

Okada (commercial motor bike)
Travel Security Tips Contd..
❑Front gates and driveways are high risk
areas.

❑Before turning into a driveway look for

anyone who may be lurking, ready to
attack you when you stop or get out of
your vehicle.

❑If attacked by criminals comply with

How would you know you are being watched?
their instructions and avoid sudden
erratic actions.
On The Road
❑ Try to carry an old (discarded) phone or a decoy bag in
your car, and give this to the criminal.
❑ Keep your FM radio on (traffic and crime updates).
❑ Attend or make sure your driver has attended offensive
and defensive driving lessons.
❑ Leave enough space between yourself and the car in
front, so that you can maneuver around it.
❑ Regularly check the rear view and side mirrors.
❑ If being followed, drive to a populated area (e.g.
shopping mall, hospital, hotel, police station).
❑ Be alert for cars stopped at the side of the road that may
pull out and block your vehicle.
How would you know you are being followed?
❑ If another car hits your car on purpose, don’t come
down from the car, drive to the nearest police station to
report the incident.
Action at Police Checkpoints
❑Police roadblocks and checkpoints are often poorly lit at
night.
❑Turn on interior light as your approach at night - This
allows the police to quickly scan your car and often
ensures a swift wave on.
❑Care must be taken not to drive through, always stop.
❑Do not take photos.
❑Should the police ask to see any documents, co-operate
fully with them.
❑Keep the doors locked and only roll the window down
enough to pass the documents out. A mix of Caution, attention, courtesy, alertness

❑Be polite and calm throughout (emotional intelligence).

Exercise Caution
at ALL Check
Points & beware
of ‘other’ road
users.
Travel Tips -Over-Zealous Officials
❑ Always observe traffic laws.

❑ Avoid known hotspots.

❑ Understand your rights.

❑ Be firm yet polite (confidence).

❑ Control access to vehicle.

❑ Exercise patience (keep above the line).

❑ Produce (copy) documentation.

❑ Where safety / security is considered at risk request

assistance from the company quick intervention service.
While Walking
❑ If walking (particularly early hours and late
evenings), be very vigilant. Avoidance is important.

❑ At all times, be aware of what is happening

around you so you can identify people following
you or gangs approaching you.

❑ Avoid walking in sparsely populated and poorly lit

areas.

❑ Speaking on your phone or listening to an iPod

while walking may distract your attention to your
surroundings.
SUSPICIOUS PEOPLE
How do we identify the unusual?
How Do We Know Suspicious People?
❑ Loitering in an unauthorized area.
❑ If you see someone waiting in the wrong place or appears lost.
❑ If you see someone pacing, nervous or jumpy.
❑ Someone acting in a disorderly manner that alarms or disturbs
others.
❑ Someone posing to know you from somewhere (especially via
phone).
❑ Someone posing to know you from somewhere; or exhibiting Our environment can
unnecessary familiarity. be viewed in terms of
❑ Attempts to conceal their face by turning away when someone known colours
approaches (e.g., rapidly turn and pretend to read or do
something else).
❑ ‘Hiding’ in shadows or behind objects in an apparent attempt
to keep from being clearly seen.
 ❑ Domestic Staff
Enemy Within ❑ Drivers

❑ Artisans

❑ Security Guards

❑ Home delivery / Sales person

❑ My ‘personal Person’

❑ Live-in relations

❑ Estranged lover

❑ Pretentious neighbours

❑ Your Phone (Oops!)

“Knowing who to trust is key”
Criminals Employ Desperate Means

1 2 3

4 5 6
Criminals Impersonate Officials

7 8

9 10
 VIDEO 3: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS – SUSPICIOUS PEOPLE

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What

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Why
Advance fee fraud / Scam

❑ Social network scam – face book, twitter, male using

female picture on female.

❑ Physical interaction - Wash-wash / One chance bus.

❑ Yahoo plus – Sakawa boys

Advance fee fraud / Scam
❑ Beware of on-line promos and bank alerts –verify
before linking.

❑ Be very careful about how much personal information

you share on social network sites.

❑ Guard your personal details diligently.

Image
❑ Password your social media domain.

❑ Be wary of biz transaction with promises of huge profit.

❑ Use ATMs located at safe locations – protect your code.

❑ Be careful what commuter bus you board.

❑ If it’s too good to be true, it is most likely NOT!

Advance fee fraud / Scam
❑ Don't get tricked by Internet Love scammers

❑ Scammers take advantage of people looking for romantic

partners, often via dating websites, apps or social media
by pretending to be prospective companions.
❑ They play on emotional triggers to get you to provide
money, gifts or personal details.
❑ Scammer persists with his story to gain his victim's
adoration and trust, then asks for money as proof of love.
❑ Never send money to someone you haven’t met in
person.
❑ Do not agree to transfer money for someone else: money
laundering is a criminal offence
❑ If it’s too good to be true, it is most likely NOT!
FLOODING
What To Do During Heavy Rains
❑ Be aware of flash floods, move immediately to higher
ground.

❑ Listen to radio or television stations for local information.

❑ Be aware of streams, drainage channels and areas known to

flood suddenly.

❑ Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving

Image
water can knock you off your feet.

❑ If you must walk in a flooded area, walk where the water is

not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground
in front of you.
Safety Before Pride
❑ Do not drive into flooded areas. If flood waters rise around
your vehicle, abandon the vehicle and move to higher
ground, if you can do so safely.
What To Do After a Flood
❑ Stay away from flood waters. The water may be
contaminated by oil, gasoline or raw sewage.
❑ The water may also be electrically charged from
underground or downed power lines.
❑ Be aware of areas where flood waters have receded.
Roads may have weakened and could collapse under
the weight of a vehicle.
❑ Continue listening to a battery-powered radio for
information about where to get assistance.
❑ Wash your hands frequently with soap and clean
water if you come in contact with flood waters.
❑ Throw away food that has come in contact with Do not Risk Your Health
flood waters.
Security Concerns – You as Your Enemy

Focus on:

❑ Habits
❑ Behaviour
❑ Misconceptions
Misconceptions And Habits
❑ Some say… ‘It cannot happen to me’.
❑ I live near a police station so nothing can happen to me.
❑ It has never happened for donkey years, how can it happen
now? Impossible!!!
❑ What can robbers take from me? I have ‘nothing’.
❑ Once you have police and guards, you are secure.
❑ Security is not my business. It is for the police.
❑ I know this person very well, he can never commit a crime.
❑ Crime cannot take place in broad day light.
Protect what you value
❑ Routine / showbody / Efizy/ etc
❑ God is my Security (we say ‘trust in God but lock your door’).
Habits That Expose Us To Risk
❑ Counting money in public.
❑ Giving out ones address (loudly) in public.

❑ Talking loud on phone giving business details and monetary transactions.

❑ Discussing movement plan openly.
❑ False sense of importance (packaging); Flaunting wealth, ego trips.

❑ Announcing huge donations at public functions ( or ‘spraying’).

❑ Leaving windows open @ night to catch a ’little fresh air’ to enable you sleep.
❑ Giving lift to strangers. Flaunting work related items (branded items, etc).

❑ Abandoning key personal security responsibilities to drivers, house help,

children, etc.
Do not go to bed with no credit on your phone. An emergency situation could
occur.
Domestic Emergency Management
It is important that all family members are briefed on how to respond to an attack or
suspicious activity. These responses need to be thought through and mentally rehearsed.

• Awareness
❑ Be alert to the fact that a security risk does exist.
❑ React to any change in the threat.
❑ Be aware of high risk areas and situations. Happy Family:
Managing Security At Home
❑ Have a plan with your household.
Children Safety
❑ Children are most vulnerable and too trusting.
instruct them in:

❑ Not divulging information.

❑ Reporting suspicious behavior or approaches by strangers
(who is a stranger?).
❑ Your telephone numbers.
❑ How and when to call for assistance.
❑ Answering the door/gate.
❑ Accepting gifts and lifts.
❑ Answering questions from strangers. They Understand, they do
❑ In addition:
o When in public places, children should be supervised and
watched over by a known, responsible adult.
o Watch their relationship with relatives and domestic staff.
Personal Security At The Office
❑ Cooperate with security guards during checks.

❑ Involve yourself in preventing unauthorized

access to the premises.

❑ In the case of any security incidences, contact

PZL security department.

❑ Maintain a clean desk policy

❑ Comply with company password policy –

DO NOT share your password with ANYONE!!!
 Run Hide Tell
VIDEO

CALL LAGOS POLICE LINE – 112 OR 767 63

Hotel Personal Security
❑ Always lock your room door. Do not display a
numbered key.
❑ Take your key with you – do not leave it at reception.
❑ Use your business address to register and not your
private address.
❑ Retain your passport unless the law requires it to be
held by the hotel; try to offer a photocopy. Image
❑ Ensure that you locate the nearest fire escape routes
to your room.
❑ Arrange to meet strangers in the hotel reception, or
other common areas within the hotel.
❑ If expecting visitors, use the peep hole to confirm the
visitor’s identity before letting them in.
❑ Make sure your Go Bag is ready at all times.
 VIDEO 3: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS – FRAUDULENT SALESPERSON

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What

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Where

When

How

Why
Overview of Recurring Risks Contd…
❑ Cyber Crime

❑ MVA (Motor Vehicle Accidents)

❑ Commercial Motorcycle (Okada) Safety

Image
❑ Fire

❑ Traffic Related Crimes

❑ Area Boys, Cultism and Criminal Gangs

❑ Ember Period (desperados)

Evolution of Traffic Robbery

Traffic robbers
have adapted their
strategies Now
BEFORE

❑ Knock on wound up windows, ❑ They simply break your window,

❑ show the driver their concealed weapon, ❑ rob with brazen impunity,
❑ ask the passengers to cooperate, ❑ stroll away or move on to the
❑ steal items and run away. next vehicle.
 VIDEO 1: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS – SMASH ‘N’ GRAB

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What

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Why
 Terrorism and Awareness and Response
Security Awareness
& Safety Tips

Terrorism involves:
❑ Acts which are intended to create fear.
❑ Acts which are perpetuated for ideological goals.
❑ Acts which targets non – combatants (civil populace).
Likely Means of Deploying IEDs in Our Environment
Security of the workplace is our collective
responsibility
• Body borne - Terrorists posing as
customers/visitors/passers by
• Abandoned vehicles/car bombs
• Abandoned luggage
• Abandoned laptops
• Abandoned phones
• Dustbins, waste baskets
• Abandoned shoes
Active Shooter Security Tips
What weapons do you have to DEFEND
YOURSELF against an ACTIVE SHOOTER?
 Image of Scared

HUMAN RESPONSE TO EMERGENCY INCIDENTS

Image of scared
 Human Response to Incidents

Expect an adrenaline rush. Try to control your body's natural reaction to this in relation to:
❖ Panic - The urge to scream and yell and generally cause a
commotion. This is likely to have a negative effect; it is also
likely to make the armed men nervous and more unpredictable.
❖ Anger - The urge to put up a struggle or confront the attackers.
This is likely to result in some form of violent reaction from the
robbers or kidnappers.
❖ Nervousness - This is likely to be the more prominent reaction,
but efforts must be made to overcome this feeling in order to
be able to respond to instructions given.
 VIDEO 2: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS –– ATM ROBBERY

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 Presentation Outline

PART III
❑ Quiz
❑ Summary
Lets Get
Curious
QUESTION 2
What Police lines can you call in the event of a security incident
in Lagos

A. 767
B. 112
C. 08065154338
D. 07055492708
E. 07055350249
F. None of the above
G. All of the above
QUESTION 2

What Police lines can you

call in the event of a security
incident in your state.
 Question 2
At what time of the day can crime occur?

A. Early mornings
B. In the evenings and at night
C. Afternoon hours
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
PHOTO QUIZ…Make a Comment
SUMMARY ❑ Awareness
oBe alert to the fact that a security risk
does exist.
oReact to any change in the threat.
oBe aware of high risk areas.
oReport any suspicious incident.
❑ Personal Action
oFocus on preserving life.
oStay calm.
oSummon help.
oSeek support to deal with the aftermath.
Incidence Response Procedure

❑ Call Police Emergency Numbers –

❑ Call Police Control Room/Emergency Response -

❑ Store Numbers on speed dial on your phone.

❑ Have information on hand:
oIncident type,
oLocation (Landmarks, bus stops, etc),
oAny injuries sustained,
oContact information.
Thank you
Incidence Response Procedure
❑ Call Police Emergency Numbers – 767 or 112

❑ Call Police Control Room/Emergency Response -

08065154338, 07055492708, 07055350249

❑ Store Numbers on speed dial on your phone.
❑ Have information on hand:
oIncident type,
oLocation (Landmarks, bus stops, etc),
oAny injuries sustained,
oContact information.