Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Ports are places where there are facilities for berthing or anchoring
ships and where there is cargo handling equipment to process cargoes
from ships to shore, shore to ships, or ships to ships.
Important Functions of Ports
• Their acting as nodes for linking with other inland transport modes
such as highways, railways, and inland waterway systems
• Their acting not only as gateways for trade, but also attracting agents
of commercial infrastructure such as banks and insurance agents, as
well as industrial activities.
Kumport Terminal (Istanbul, Turkey)
HIBIKI Container Terminal (Japan)
Conceptual Design for Yacht Marina and Cruise Terminal,
Million Island Project, Koh Lan, Pattaya, 2013
DCT Gdańsk Container Terminal (northern Poland)
Port of Odessa (Ukraine)
Port of Tomorrow
(Marine Transportation System Planning)
The Main Facilities In Container Terminals Include:
• Quay
• Container yard
• Container freight station
• Gate facility
• Interchange area
• Rail-head
Activities At Container Terminals (Cargo Export Flow):
• Receipt/delivery operation
Receipt and delivery by road and rail, Packing and Unpacking, Container inspection
and cleaning
• Ship operation
Transfer and securing containers and cargo on ship
6. Introduction to Ports Operations
• Container Cranes are generally classified their lifting capacity, and the
size of the container ships they can load and unload containers
• Panamax : A “Panamax” crane can fully load and unload containers from
a container ship capable of passing through Panama Canal (ships of 12-
13 container rowswide)
6.5 Pilotage
Pilotage
• Pilotage is the use of fixed visual reference on the ground or sea by means of
sight or radar to guide oneself to a destination, sometimes with the help of a map
or nautical chart.
6.7 Tugs
Tugs
• Tugs move vessels that either should not move themselves, such as ships
in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal, or those that cannot move by
themselves, such as barges, disabled ships, log rafts, or oil platforms.
• Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built, and some are
ocean-going. Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats.
• Early tugboats had steam engines, but today most have diesel engines.
• Seagoing tugboats
• Harbour tugboats
• River tugboats
6. Introduction to Ports Operations
6.9 Bunkering
Bunkering
• Bunkering refers to the process of supplying fuels to ships for their own
use. It includes sales for the fuelling of commercial or private boats, such
as pleasure crafts and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by
oil companies.
• Spillages and leakages during bunkering operations are a primary source
of oil pollution from ships. Experience has shown that many of the
bunker overflows and spillages that do occur can be attributed to human
error.
• Example : Port Klang Bunkering Checklist
http://www.pka.gov.my/phocadownload/bunkering%20checklist%20appen
dix%20ii.pdf
6. Introduction to Ports Operations
6.10 Shipchandling
Shipchandling
• A ship chandler (or ship's chandler) is a retail dealer who specialises in supplies or
equipment for ships, known as ship's stores.
• They supply the crew's food, ship's maintenance supplies, cleaning compounds,
rope, et cetera.
• The advantage of a ship's crew using a chandler is that they do not have to find
stores in the town they have landed in, nor hold that local currency - assuming
they are let out of the dock compound by the immigration authorities.
• Their distinguishing feature is the high level of service demanded and the short
time required to fill and deliver their special orders. Because commercial ships
discharge and turn around quickly, delay is expensive and the services of a
dependable ship chandler are urgent.
Tariff – Westport (example)