TL7202: Port

Operations

Module 2: Types vessels that ports deal with

 Learning Outcomes:
• Know the range of different types of vessels.
• Summarize the different vessels using ports and equipment
handled by different types of ports
Port movements

• Ports without ships are meaningless, but so

are ships without cargo.
• Shipping will continue to be the most
important mode of transport for
international trade, with the lowest
environmental impact per ton–mile of
transported cargo
• Vessels call at ports either on a regular
basis, as is the case for scheduled services,
or on an ad-hoc basis as in the case of many
general cargo movements.
• Shipping will continue to be the most
important mode of transport for
international trade, with the lowest
environmental impact per ton–mile of
transported cargo
 Seaports are increasingly functioning not as individual locations
that handle ships, but as turntables within global supply chains
Port and global production networks.
• In addition, the port must also be equipped with a variety of
movements terminals and jetties able to handle whatever types of vessel
bring the passengers and freight and accommodate them at
purpose-built berths.
Vessel Schedule PDF File
Port Characteristics
General Cargo Vessels

• Cargo vessels vary in their nature according to the kind of cargoes they carry,
as well as the volume of cargo transported.
• Before the era of containerization, most cargo was carried by general cargo
vessels equipped with their own cranes and derricks capable of loading and
unloading cargoes at most docksides and wharves, without the need for
specialist cranes mounted on the quayside itself.
• This form of cargo carriage remained standard practice until the 1960s, when
sea freight containers became a more efficient form of cargo transportation.
 • General cargo vessels still exist and have an important part to play in the
international maritime carriage of goods, but their role is somewhat
more limited in the present day.
• Why?
General • Because of their size and function, and partly because of the heavy

Cargo Vessels demands placed on the carriage of goods because of the container
system.
• Onboard cranes and derricks enable them to serve international seaports
which other vessels, such as the huge container vessels cannot
 • The container vessel has
evolved over the past fifty
years, with the first
commercial vessel to carry
containers being a converted
oil tanker, the Ideal X.
• By the 1970s, container
vessels were capable of
carrying up to 2500 TEUs
(Twenty-Foot Equivalent
Units).
• By the 1980s, this had
increased to 4000 TEUs.
• Today we have vessels
capable of carrying (E-class)
12500+ and (Triple E-class)
18,000+ TEUs, with a gross
tonnage of some 194,000

Container Vessels gross tonnes.

Container Vessels – Some facts

PDF File
 Container Vessels

Video time!
Bulk Carriers

• The bulk carrier is a vital form of

maritime cargo transport.
• Whereas container vessels and
general cargo vessels carry all kinds
of general cargoes, the bulk carrier
is specialist in the carriage of bulk
cargoes, such as minerals, grain,
liquefied gas or crude petroleum.
 • A bulk carrier is ‘any ship that carries dry unpackaged goods’.
• The term "dry bulk carrier" is used to distinguish bulk carriers
from bulk liquid carriers such as oil (petroleum), chemical, or
liquefied petroleum gas carriers.
Bulk Carriers • A geared carrier is one which has its own cargo lifting gear
mounted on board vessel, enabling it to load and discharge at
ports which may not have the correct lifting gear mounted on
the quay.
 • The VLCC oil tanker
vessels require even
more dedicated
terminal facilities.
• Because they carry only
petroleum
commodities, which are
classed as hazardous or
dangerous
hydrocarbons, they
require a specific
terminal for the
purpose of loading and
discharging their
cargoes.
Bulk
Carriers
Dry Bulk Carriers
• Dry Bulk Carriers are easily identified by the hatches they have on their deck.
• The term “dry bulk” means any non-liquid cargo in large amounts, such as grain, ore, cement, or
shredded timber.
• In port, cargo is loaded by conveyor and spouts or by crane and grab. Some bulk carriers are geared;
meaning that usually a crane is located between each hatch to allow the loading and unloading of
cargo at berths without the need for shore equipment.
 • Can be bulk carriers
dedicated to the bulk
carriage of cars on the
high seas.
• These were particularly
designed to serve the
Far East markets in
order to transport cars
from the Far East to
Europe

Ro-Ro
Vessels
Video
time!

Ro-Ro
Vessels
Passenger Cruise vessels
• Today, there are a large number of specialist cruise lines, each offering a wide variety of itineraries and prices
designed for an equally-wide variety of clientele.
• The vessels vary in size from as small as 3000 GRT up to the largest, but all offering a wide variety of facilities
on board.
• To this extent, the larger vessels have become floating hotels, shopping malls and entertainment centres
rolled into one, a far cry from the days of the traditional North Atlantic passenger liners of the first part of the
20th century
 Passenger Cruise vessels

• MS Oasis of the Seas

• A virtual floating city, costing US$ 1.4 billion with 16 passenger decks, a
GRT of 225,282, a crew of 2165 and capable of carrying 5400 passengers at
double occupancy.
Platform Supply
Vessel

• PSV is designed for the

supply of offshore oil and gas
field equipment to offshore
oil and gas platforms
• There are various types of
oilfield supply vessels in
operation, such as:
• AHTS (Anchor Handling
Towage & Supply Vessel);
• PSV (Platform Supply Vessel);
• DSV (Dive Support Vessel);
• Maintenance Vessel.
Video Time!

• AHTS (Anchor Handling

Towage & Supply Vessel);
Video Time!

• PSV (Platform Supply

Vessel);
 Other vessels
• LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) carriers;
• Salvage vessels;
• Heavy-lift vessels;