Jenis-Jenis Kapal Dan Fungsinya Dalam Dunia Pelayaran

Banyak orang awan yg belum paham dgn scope kerja pelaut. dan bahkan pelaut tsb yg baru
terjun belum memahami dgn baik.makanya hari ini aku mau nulis tentang yg satu ini tentang
macam jenis kapal dan fungsinya. kata istilah kapal adalah sarana alat angkut/tranfortasi yg di
gunakan sebagai kendaran di atas air baik yg mengunakan mesin atau mengunakan layar
sebagi tenaga penggerakanya. nah. kapal yg ada saat ini macam macam typenya:

1. tanker, is a ship designed to transport liquids in bulk. Major types of tankship include the
oil tanker, the chemical tanker, and the liquefied natural gas carrier.

kapal tannker ini pun dalam pengangkutan di bagi bagi lagi dari jenis atau typenya . juga
akan berbeda beda. makin berbahaya muatan yg di bawah maka system design kapal itu pun
akan makin canggih. demi keselamatan si awak kapal tsb.

2. car carrier shi/ Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are vessels designed to carry
wheeled cargo such as automobiles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers or railroad cars that
are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels. This is in contrast to lo-lo (lift on-lift off)
vessels which use a crane to load and unload cargo.
RORO vessels have built-in ramps which allow the cargo to be efficiently "rolled on" and
"rolled off" the vessel when in port. While smaller ferries that operate across rivers and other
short distances still often have built-in ramps, the term RORO is generally reserved for larger
ocean-going vessels. The ramps and doors may be stern-only, or bow and stern for quick
loading.

3. A ferry (or ferryboat) is a form of transport, usually a boat or ship, used to carry (or ferry)
passengers and their vehicles across a body of water. Ferries are also used to transport freight
(in lorries and sometimes unpowered freight containers) and even railroad cars. Most ferries
operate on regular, frequent, return services. A foot-passenger ferry with many stops, such as
in Venice, is sometimes called a water bus or water taxi.

3. A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the
voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience. Cruising has become a major
part of the tourism industry, with millions of passengers each year. . Cruise ships operate
mostly on routes that return passengers to their originating port. In contrast, dedicated
transport oriented ocean liners do "line voyages" and typically transport passengers from one
point to another, rather than on round trips. Some cruise ships also engage in longer trips
which may not lead back to the same port for many months (longer round trips

4. Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size intermodal
containers, in a technique called containerization. They form a common means of commercial
intermodal freight transport.dgn system containerization maka pemuatan dan pembongkaran
akan menjadi cepat. biasanya 4 s/d 6 jam kapal sudah siap untuk berlayar kembali.

5. A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship specially designed to transport
unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo holds. kelebihan
dari kapal ini adalah daya angkut yg besar karena broken stowagenya pun kecil.

6. A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods.
Some barges are not self-propelled and need to be towed by tugboats or pushed by towboats.
7. Hopper barge is a kind of non-mechanical ship or vessel that cannot move around by itself,
unlike some other types of barges. Designed to carry materials, like rocks, sand, soil and
rubbish, for dumping into the ocean, a river or lake for land reclamation.

8. A heavy lift ship is a vessel designed to move loads that cannot be handled by normally
equipped ships. They are of two types: semi-submersibles capable of lifting another ship out
of the water and transporting it; and vessels that augment unloading facilities at inadequately
equipped ports.

9. A Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel (FPSO; also called a "unit" and a
"system") is a type of floating tank system used by the offshore oil and gas industry and
designed to take all of the oil or gas produced from nearby platforms or templates, process it,
and store it until the oil or gas can be offloaded onto a tanker or transported through a
pipeline.

10. A diving support vessel is a ship that is used as a floating base for professional diving
projects

11. A fireboat is a specialized watercraft, often resembling a tugboat, with pumps and nozzles
designed for fighting shoreline and shipboard fires.
12. A Platform supply vessel (often abbreviated as PSV) is a ship specially designed to
supply offshore oil platforms. These ships range from 65 to 350 feet in length and accomplish
a variety of tasks. The primary function for most of these vessels is transportation of goods
and personnel to and from offshore oil platforms and other offshore structures

13. A tugboat (tug) is a boat that maneuvers vessels by pushing or towing them. Tugs move
vessels that should not move themselves alone, such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow
canal, or those that cannot move themselves, such as barges, disabled ships, or oil platforms.
Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built, some are ocean-going. Some tugboats
serve as icebreakers or salvage boats. Early tugboats had steam engines; today diesel engines
are used.

14. A cable layer or cable ship is a deep-sea vessel designed and used to lay underwater
cables for telecommunications, electricity, and such. A large superstructure, and one or more
spools that feed off the transom, distinguish it from other types of ship.

15. A crane vessel, crane ship or floating crane is a ship that is specialized in lifting heavy
loads. The largest crane vessels are often used for offshore construction. The larger vessels
are often semi-submersibles, but also conventional monohulls are used. One of the
differences with a sheerleg is that the cranes can rotate.
16. A drillship is a maritime vessel that has been fitted with drilling apparatus. It is most
often used for exploratory drilling of new oil or gas wells in deep water or for scientific
drilling. The drillship can also be used as a platform to carry out well maintenance or
completion work such as casing and tubing installation or subsea tree installations. It is often
built to the design specification of the oil production company and/or investors, but can also
be a modified tanker hull outfitted with a dynamic positioning system to maintain its position
over the well.Drillships are just one way to perform exploratory drilling. This function can
also be performed by Semi-submersibles, jackup barges, barges, or platform rigs.

17. Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly
underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom
sediments and disposing of them at a different location.A dredge is a device for scraping or
sucking the seabed, Dredging can produce materials for land reclamation or other purposes
(usually construction-related),

18. A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Many
different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.

19. research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship designed and equipped to carry out research at sea.
Research vessels carry out a number of roles. Some of these roles can be combined into a
single vessel, others require a dedicated vessel.
 20. Harbor tugs. Historically tugboats were the first seagoing vessels to receive steam
propulsion, freedom from the restraint of the wind, and capability of going in any direction.
As such, they were employed in harbors to assist ships in docking and departure
Tugboats are highly maneuverable, and various propulsion systems have been developed to
increase maneuverability and increase safety. The earliest tugs were fitted with paddle
wheels, but these were soon replaced by propeller-driven tugs. Kort nozzles have been added
to increase thrust per kW/hp. This was followed by the nozzle-rudder, which omitted the need
for a conventional rudder. The cycloidal propeller was developed prior to World War II and
was occasionally used in tugs because of its maneuverability. After World War II it was also
linked to safety due to the development of the Voith Water Tractor, a tugboat configuration
which could not be pulled over by its tow. In the late 1950s, the Z-drive or (azimuth thruster)
was developed. Although sometimes referred to as the Schottel system, many brands exist:
Schottel, Z-Peller, Duckpeller, Thrustmaster, Ulstein, Wärtsilä, etc. The propulsion systems
are used on tugboats designed for tasks such as ship docking and marine construction.
Conventional propeller/rudder configurations are more efficient for port-to-port towing.

21. A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and
materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and
oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are usually
specially designed for the task, often being equipped with cranes and other mechanisms to
load and unload, and come in all sizes

22. A warship is a ship that is built and primarily intended for combat. Warships are usually
built in a completely different way than merchant ships. As well as being armed, warships are
designed to withstand damage and are usually faster and more maneuverable than merchant
ships. Unlike a merchant ship, a warship typically only carries weapons, ammunition and
supplies for its own crew (rather than merchant cargo). Warships usually belong to a navy

23. Sailing ship is now used to refer to any large wind-powered vessel. In technical terms, a
ship was a sailing vessel with a specific rig of at least three masts, square rigged on all of
them, making the sailing adjective redundant. In popular usage "ship" became associated with
all large sailing vessels and when steam power came along the adjective became necessary.
Large sailing vessels which are not ship rigged may be more appropriately called boats.
24. A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the
water. It differs from a submersible, which has only limited underwater capability. The term
submarine most commonly refers to large crewed autonomous vessels; however, historically
or more casually, submarine can also refer to medium sized or smaller vessels (midget
submarines, wet subs), Remotely Operated Vehicles or robots. The word submarine was
originally an adjective meaning "under the sea", and so consequently other uses such as
"submarine engineering" or "submarine cable" may not actually refer to submarines at all.
Submarine was shortened from the term "submarine boat".

25. The Landing Craft, Tank (Landing Craft Tank) was an amphibious assault ship for
landing tanks on beachheads. The first examples appeared during the Second World War.
They were used by the Royal Navy and U.S. Navy in World War II. The latter used them
afterwards under different designations in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. During
WWII, they were commonly called by their abbreviation, LCT.

kalau mau di jabarkan lagi, akan lebih panjang ceritanya seperti contoh untuk satu kapal saja
seperti tanker sudahh banyak jenisnya dari Chemical tanker, Oil tanker, LNG carrier, LPG
carrier, dan sebagainya.rangkuman di atas hanya sekedar garis besarnya saja. yg memudah
orang mengenali dari scope kerja kapal kapal yg ada saat in