Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
➢ Introduction
➢Types of ports and habours
➢Differences between Harbour and Port
➢Case study
Introduction
Definition of port :
• Natural harbours
• Semi-natural harbours
• Artificial harbours
Natural harbours
• Natural formations affording safe discharge facilities for ships on sea coasts, in
the form of creeks and basins, are called natural harbours.
• With the rapid development of navies engaged either in commerce or war,
improved accommodation and facilities for repairs, storage of cargo and
connected amenities had to be provided in natural harbours.
• The size and draft of present day vessels have necessitated the works
improvement for natural harbours.
• The factors such as local geographical features, growth of population,
development of the area, etc. have made the natural harbours big and
attractive. Bombay and Kandla are, examples of natural harbours
Semi-natural harbours
Creation
Harbour: A harbour is usually a natural structure. Port: Ports are
generally artificially created.
Facilities
Port: Ports are commercial entities and often have many facilities
like warehouses to store cargo and well-built transportation
systems.
Harbour: Harbours do not provide as many facilities as ports.
VISAKHAPATNAM PORT
Introduction
• Visakhapatnam port is one of the leading major ports of India it is
situated in Visakhapatnam city of Andhra Pradesh. The Port is located
on the east coast of India.
• The Port has three harbours viz., outer harbour, inner harbour and the
fishing harbour. The outer harbour with a water spread of 200
hectares has
6 berths and the inner harbour with a water spread of 100 hectares
has 8 berths.
History
•Visakhapatnam was an ancient Port city which had trade relations
with the Middle East and Rome. Ships were anchored at open
roads and were loaded with cargo transported from
Visakhapatnam shore by means of small Masula boats.
•It has become a settlement of a branch of East India Company in
1682. Rs. 83 lakh worth of goods were moved through
Vizagapatam / Bhimunipatnam in 1882-83.
•Principal commodities traded at anchorage Port included Muslin
cloth - manufactured at Uppada (East Godavari District),
Manganese ore - exports to UK and USA, Oilseeds, jaggery, jute
and indigo, hides and skins. Extensive trade relations existed
with Burma.
Construction Features of Port
•The unique feature of the harbour has been the Island Break-
water, constructed by scuttling two old ships JANUS and
WELLESDON which form the skeleton around which a rubble
mound is formed.
•The location of the port is very ideal in the sense that it affords
protection from cyclones which strike the east coast regularly, by a
high promontory into the sea, known as Dolphin’s Nose Hill
which is to the north of the entrance channel.
•The low tidal range of a maximum of 1.82 meters is also
advantageous for the location of the port.
•The harbour was constructed by dredging 281.8million cubic ft of
land and soft material.
•The Port was constructed at a cost of Rs.378 lakhs.
Handling Facilities
1) Coking Coal facilities
•A deep draft berth in outer harbour with a quay Length of 356
meters to handle vessels of draft upto 14.5 meters is available for
handling imported coking coal. The berth is capable of handling
10000 DWT vessels. 2 floating cranes viz., Bulk Express.
2) Iron Ore & Pellets
•The shipping system reclaims the cargo from the stacks and
conveys through the conveyors to the shiploader for loading into
the ships’ hatches. The system consists of 3 bucket wheel
reclaimers 4000 tonnes per hour capacity, a long overhead
conveyor system (4.8 kms – one way).
Logistics
•Railway network at Port of Visakhapatnam is the largestamongst
Indian Ports with over 200km rail length.
•A Road running within the Port land was commonly being used
historically over a long period by the Port Cargo Traffic and the
City public between Port area up to NH-5.
•Major drains originating from the upper reaches of the city are
discharging the drainage water at different locations into the Port
area before they finally discharge into sea. These reaches of drains
in Port area are being maintained regularly by Visakhapatnam
Port to ensure free flow of water and to keep clean environment of
harbour waters.
•An annual expenditure of about 70.00 Lakhs is being incurred for
maintenance of drains, and culverts etc.
Awards & Achievements
•The only Indian port to have three international certifications.
– ISO 900-Quality Management System.
– ISO 14001-Environmental Management System.
–OHSAS 18001-Occupational Health and Safety Management
System.
• GREENTECH SAFETY AWARD in service sector for outstanding
achievement in Safety management Silver - 2008,2010