Design Brief & Research

EGD PROJECT

BY: ASHTON DUBE

Grade: 11 RP
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 Design Brief & Research

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESIGN BRIEF...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Given Specifications............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Constraints............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Compulsory Research................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Septic Tank & Grey Water Systems......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Energy Saving Fixtures/ Features............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Solar Water Geysers............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Handicap-Friendly Bathroom Fixtures and/or Features.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Personal Research...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Types Of Doors..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Types of Windows................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Types Of Bricks..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Types Of Flooring.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Harvard Reference:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

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 Design Brief & Research

DESIGN BRIEF
I have been asked to design a Classroom Block with new Science classrooms and toilet facilities to Enhance the learning environment. The design of a classroom has a major impact on students
and teachers. A well-designed classroom can contribute to a positive learning experience by providing comfort, safety, and a sense of ownership. It can also minimize disruptive noise and provide
adequate lighting, ventilation, and space for effective teaching and learning. To successfully meet the requirements of the scenario, I will Determine the space requirements, Plan the layout and
design of the Classroom Block, incorporate toilet facilities, and lastly Seek input and approval.

Given Specifications:
 2 Science classroom Block with a sink and storage cupboards in each room and a storage room that can be accessed from both rooms.
 The maximum size of each classroom must be 85m^2
 The Girls' and Boys' toilet/bathroom facilities must include at least 4 water closets and 4 wash basins in the Girl's Bathroom and at least 2 water closets, 3 wall-mounted urinals, and 4 wash
basins in the Boy's Bathroom.
 A Septic Tank or Grey Water system
 Jo-Jo or other rainwater capture tanks
 Solar water geysers for hot water in the bathrooms

Constraints:
 Space limitations
 Building codes and regulations
 Budget limitations
 Accessibility and inclusivity
 Infrastructure requirements

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Compulsory Research
Concrete Septic Tank: Aerobic Septic System: Filtration System Greywater System: Diversion System Greywater System:

An aerobic septic system is a wastewater

treatment system that uses oxygen to break down
A concrete septic tank is an underground chamber A filtration system greywater system is a type of
organic matter. This type of system is more A diversion system greywater system separates
made of concrete that stores and treats greywater system that uses filters to remove
efficient than an anaerobic septic system, which greywater from blackwater (toilet waste) and
wastewater from a household or commercial solids, bacteria, and other contaminants from
does not use oxygen. diverts it to a designated storage tank or irrigation
building. It is typically a rectangular or cylindrical greywater before it is used for irrigation. This type
of system is more complex and expensive than a system. This is a passive system that relies on
structure with a capacity of 1,000 to 2,000 gallons. Pro’s: gravity to transport the greywater.
diversion system, but it produces higher-quality
 More efficient treatment
Pro’s: greywater that can be used for a wider range of
 Can be used in areas with high applications. Pro’s:
 Durability groundwater  Reduced water consumption
 Fire Resistance  Cleaner effluent  Reduced load on septic systems
Pro’s:
 Cost-Effective  Longer lifespan  Nutrient-rich water for irrigation
 Produce high-quality greywater
 Fire Resistance  Simple and inexpensive to install and
 Reduce water consumption
Con’s: maintain
 Reduce the load on septic systems
Con’s:  Higher cost
 Nutrient-rich water for irrigation
 Heavy  Requires electricity Con’s:
 Porous  More complex maintenance  May require additional treatment
Con’s:
 Difficult to Repair  Can be noisy  May not be legal in all areas
 More complex
 Prone to Cracking  May not be suitable for all soil types  Not suitable for all types of greywater
 expensive to install and
 maintain

Septic Tank & Grey Water Systems

Comparison:
Filtration system greywater systems produce higher quality treated water, but they require more maintenance and are more expensive to install.
Diversion system greywater systems are less expensive to install and require less maintenance, but they produce lower-quality treated water.

Chosen Idea:
Filtration system greywater systems and diversion system greywater systems are both good options for reducing water consumption and reusing greywater for irrigation.

Compulsory Research

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 Design Brief & Research

Energy Saving Fixtures/ Features

Comparison:
LED bulbs: low-flow appliances: CFL bulbs: Low-flow toilets:

a type of solid-state lighting that uses light-emitting Low-flow appliances are appliances that use less
Low-flow toilets are toilets that use less water per
diodes (LEDs) as the source of light. LEDs are water than traditional appliances. This can help you
CFL bulbs (compact fluorescent light bulbs) are flush than traditional toilets. Traditional toilets use
semiconductor devices that emit light when an save water and money on your water bills.
a type of fluorescent light bulb that is designed about 1.6 gallons of water per flush, while low-flow
electric current passes through them.
to replace incandescent light bulbs. CFL bulbs toilets use 1.28 gallons per flush or less.
LED bulbs are much more energy-efficient than Pro’s:
traditional incandescent bulbs and fluorescent  Save water use less energy and last longer than
bulbs.  Save money incandescent bulbs, and they produce a similar
 Help the environment quality of light. Pro’s:
 Save water
Pro’s: Pro’s:
Con’s:  Save money
 Energy-efficient  Energy-efficient
 May not perform as well as traditional  Help the environment
 Long lifespan  Long-lasting
 No mercury appliances
 May be more expensive than traditional  Available in a variety of shapes and sizes Con’s:
 Dimmable
appliances  May not perform as well as traditional
Con’s: appliances
Con’s:  More expensive than incandescent bulbs  May be more expensive than traditional
 Not as bright as incandescent bulbs  Contain mercury appliances
 Can be sensitive to cold temperatures  Can take time to reach full brightness
 Higher upfront cost

LED bulbs and low-flow appliances are two energy-efficient technologies that can help reduce energy consumption and save money on utility bills. LED bulbs use less electricity than traditional incandescent bulbs, and low-flow
appliances use less water than traditional appliances. Though both of them may be expensive.

Chosen Idea:
 LED bulbs are the best choice overall because they are the most energy-efficient and have the longest lifespan. They are also durable, do not contain mercury, and are dimmable. LED bulbs are available in a variety of shapes, sizes, and
colours, so you can find a bulb that will fit in any light fixture and match any décor.
 And I have chosen Low-Flow Appliances, that use less water than traditional appliances. This can help you save water and money on your water bills.
Compulsory Research

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Active solar water geysers: Passive solar water geysers Drainback solar water heaters: Thermosyphon solar water heaters

Active solar water geysers use a pump to circulate Passive solar water geysers use natural
water through a solar collector. The solar collector convection to circulate water through a solar Drainback solar water heaters use a pump to
heats the water and then the heated water is stored collector. The solar collector heats the water and circulate water through a solar collector. However,
in a storage tank. then the heated water rises to the top of a storage when the pump is turned off, the water drains Thermosyphon solar water heaters use natural
tank. back into a storage tank. This prevents the water convection to circulate water through a solar
Pro’s: from freezing in the solar collector in cold collector. The solar collector heats the water and
 Energy savings Pro’s: climates. then the heated water rises to the top of a storage
 Environmental benefits  Low maintenance
tank.
 Reliability  Environmental benefits Pro’s:
 Government incentives  Energy savings  Energy savings Pro’s:
 Environmental benefits  Energy savings
Con’s:  Reliability  Environmental benefits
 Higher upfront cost Con’s:  Suitable for cold climates  Low maintenance
 Maintenance  Less efficient
 Lower upfront cost
 Not suitable for all climates  Not suitable for all climates
 Requires a large storage tank Con’s Con’s
 Higher upfront cost  Requires a large storage tank
 Maintenance  Less efficient
 Not as efficient as active solar water  Not suitable for all climates
heaters

Solar Water Geysers

Comparison:
Active solar water heaters are more efficient but more expensive than passive solar water heaters. Passive solar water heaters are less efficient but less expensive. Drainback Solar Water heaters are suitable for cold climates but
are higher in cost. Lastly, Thermosyphon Solar Water Heaters are energy-saving but less efficient.

Chosen Idea:
Active solar water geysers are the best choice because Active Solar Water Geysers are the most efficient type of solar water heater. They use a pump to circulate water through the solar collector, which allows them to heat water
more quickly and efficiently than passive solar water geysers.
Compulsory Research

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 Design Brief & Research

Handicap-Friendly Bathroom Fixtures and/or Features

Grab bars: Roll-in Showers: Visual aids: Emergency call buttons:

Visual aids are any type of visual representation

that is used to convey information. They can be
Roll-in showers are showers that are designed to used in a variety of settings, including education,
Grab bars are horizontal or vertical bars mounted on
be accessible to people with mobility impairments, business, and healthcare.
walls or next to fixtures in bathrooms, showers, and Emergency call buttons are devices that allow
other areas to provide support and stability for including wheelchair users. They feature a zero- people to call for help in an emergency. They
threshold entry, which means that there is no curb Pro’s:
people with limited mobility or balance issues. They are typically installed in bathrooms, bedrooms,
are typically made of stainless steel or aluminum or step to step over to enter the shower. This  Improved comprehension
and other areas where people may need
and come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and finishes allows wheelchair users to roll directly into the  Increased retention
assistance.
to match bathroom décor. shower without assistance.  Clarification of complex concepts
Pro’s:
Pro’s: Pro’s: Con’s:
 Peace of mind
 Improved safety  Accessibility  Can be time-consuming to create
 Immediate access to help
 Increased independence  Safety  Can be distracting
 Easy to use
 Easier access  Comfort  Can be expensive to produce
Con’s:
Con’s: Con’s:  False alarms
 Cost  Cost  Reliance on technology
 Aesthetics  Maintenance  May not be suitable for all people
 Installation  Space

Comparison:
Grab bars, roll-in showers, visual aids, and emergency call buttons are all assistive devices that can help people with disabilities live more independently and safely.
Grab bars provide support and stability, roll-in showers provide accessibility, visual aids help with vision and emergency call buttons allow people to call for help. Although they have disadvantages of its own. The
Grab bars are costly, the Roll-in Showers are limited in space, Visual aids can be distracting and the Emergency call buttons can be used for false alarms.

Chosen Idea:
 Grab bars: Grab bars are used to provide support and stability in bathrooms and other areas where people may need assistance. They are typically installed near toilets, showers, and bathtubs. Grab bars
can be helpful for people with mobility impairments, balance issues, or other conditions that make it difficult to move around safely
 Visual aids are any type of visual representation that is used to convey information. They can be used in a variety of settings, including education, business, and healthcare.

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Personal Research
Hinged doors: sliding doors: Bifold door: Pocket doors:

Hinged doors are the most common type of door.

They are attached to the door frame by hinges,
which allow them to swing open and close. Hinged A sliding door is a type of door that opens and
doors can be made from a variety of materials, closes by sliding horizontally on tracks. Sliding
including wood, metal, and glass. doors are often used in patios, balconies, and
other areas where space is limited. They are also
Pro’s: popular in commercial buildings, such as offices
 Durable and long-lasting and retail stores.
 Easy to install and maintain
 Available in a wide range of styles Pro’s:
 Space-saving
 Easy to open and close
Con’s:  Provide a wide opening
 Can be drafty if not properly sealed
 Can be difficult to open and close for people
with disabilities Con’s:
 Can be drafty
 Can be difficult to clean
 Less secure than hinged doors
Pocket doors are a type of door that slides into a
A bifold door is a type of door that is made up of pocket in the wall when they are opened. They are
multiple panels that fold together when the door is often used in bathrooms and other areas where
opened. Bifold doors are often used in closets, privacy is important. Pocket doors can be made
pantries, and other areas where space is limited. from a variety of materials, including wood, metal,
They are also popular in commercial buildings, and glass.
such as offices and retail stores.
Pro’s:
Pro’s:  Save space
 Space-saving  Provide privacy
 Easy to open and close  Can be customized to fit any size opening
 Provide a wide opening:
Con’s: Con’s:
 Can be difficult to clean  Can be more expensive than other types of
 Can be more expensive than other types of doors
doors  Can be difficult to repair if they break down
 Can be difficult to clean  May require professional installation

Types Of Doors
Comparison:
Hinged doors are the most common and least expensive, but they require swing space. Sliding doors are good for tight spaces, but they may not provide as much privacy. Bifold doors are also good for tight
spaces, but they do not provide privacy. Pocket doors are the most expensive, but they save space and provide privacy.
 Hinged doors are the most common type of door and are a good choice for schools because they are durable, easy to use, and can be customized to fit any size opening. They also provide good sound insulation, which is important for
classrooms and other areas where noise needs to be minimized.
 Pocket doors are a good choice for schools because they save space and can be used to create a more open and flexible learning environment. They are also a good choice for areas where privacy is important, such as restrooms and offices.

Chosen Idea:
Personal Research

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 Design Brief & Research

single-hung windows: Double-hung windows: Casement windows: Skylights:

Single-hung windows are windows that have one

Casement windows are windows that have one or
operable sash that slides up and down. The upper
more sashes that swing open on hinges. The
sash is fixed in place, while the lower sash can be Skylights are windows that are installed in a roof.
Double-hung windows are windows that have two sashes can be opened to the left or right, and they
raised and lowered to open and close the window. They allow natural light to enter a building, and
operable sashes that slide up and down. Both can be fixed in place at any angle.
they can also provide ventilation.
Pro’s: sashes can be raised and lowered to open and
close the window. Pro’s: Pro’s:
 Inexpensive
 Easy to maintain  Good ventilation  Provide natural light
Pro’s:  Easy to clean  Improve indoor air quality
 Durable
 Good ventilation  Durable  Reduce energy costs
 Easy to operate
 Easy to clean  Secure  Create a more attractive space
 Safe
 Durable  Versatile  Increase property value
 Versatile
Con’s:
 Limited ventilation Con’s: Con’s:
Con’s:  Can be more expensive than other types of  Can be expensive to install
 Difficult to reach
 More expensive than single-hung windows windows  Can leak
 Can be drafty
 Can be drafty  Can be drafty  Can be difficult to clean
 Difficult to reach  Can be difficult to reach  Can lead to heat gain

Types of Windows
Comparison:
Single-hung windows: Slide up and down, inexpensive, good energy efficiency, limited ventilation. Double-hung windows: Slide up and down, good ventilation, good energy efficiency, more expensive than single-
hung windows. Casement windows: Swing open on hinges, excellent ventilation, good security, more expensive than single-hung and double-hung windows. Skylights: Installed on a roof, provide natural light
and ventilation, excellent energy efficiency, can be expensive to install.
I have chosen all of the above because single-hung windows are inexpensive, Double-hung windows are durable and have good ventilation, and Casement Windows are secure and easy to clean, Lastly,
Skylights promote natural light and create a more attractive space.

Chosen Idea:
Personal Research

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 Design Brief & Research

Clay bricks: concrete bricks: Engineering bricks: Paving bricks:

Concrete bricks are building blocks made from a

mixture of concrete and aggregate. They are
strong and durable, and they can be made in a Engineering bricks are a type of clay brick that Paving bricks are clay bricks that have been
Clay bricks are the most common type of brick variety of colours and textures. has been fired at a higher temperature than designed for use in paving applications. They are
used in construction. They are made from clay that regular clay bricks. This makes them stronger and durable and skid-resistant, and they can be used
is fired in a kiln. Clay bricks are durable, fire- Pro’s: more durable than regular clay bricks. to create a variety of paving patterns.
resistant, and relatively inexpensive.  Strong and durable
 Fire-resistant Pro’s: Pro’s:
Pro’s:  Relatively inexpensive  Strong and durable  Durable and skid-resistant
 Fire-resistant  Fire-resistant  Can be used to create a variety of paving
 Relatively inexpensive Con’s:  Versatile patterns
 Aesthetically pleasing  Can be difficult to cut and shape  Can be used in a variety of structural  Available in a variety of colours and textures
 Can absorb moisture applications  Relatively easy to install
Con’s:  Can be difficult to clean  Relatively inexpensive  Can be used in a variety of applications
 Brittle Con’s: Con’s:
 Can absorb moisture  Heavy  Can be expensive
 Can be difficult to clean  Can be difficult to cut and shape  Can be difficult to repair
 Can absorb moisture  Can be slippery when wet
 Can be difficult to clean

Types Of Bricks
Comparison:
Clay bricks: Durable, fire-resistant, versatile, relatively inexpensive. Concrete bricks: Strong, durable, fire-resistant, versatile, relatively inexpensive. Engineering bricks: Very strong, durable, fire-resistant, used in
structural applications. Paving bricks: Durable, skid-resistant, available in a variety of colours and textures, used in paving applications.

Chosen Idea:
I have chosen Clay bricks because it is durable, fire-resistant, and versatile. They can be used to build a variety of structures, including walls, floors, and fireplaces. Clay bricks are also relatively inexpensive,
which makes them a good choice for schools on a budget.

Personal Research

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 Design Brief & Research

Hardwood flooring: Laminate flooring: Vinyl flooring: Tile flooring:

Hardwood flooring is a type of flooring made from Laminate flooring is a type of flooring made from a
solid wood planks. It is a durable and beautiful high-density fiberboard core with a photographic
flooring option, but it can be expensive and difficult image of wood or other materials on top. It is a
to install. less expensive and easier-to-install alternative to
hardwood flooring.
Pro’s:
 Durable Pro’s:
 Easy to clean and maintain  Less expensive than hardwood flooring
 Beautiful  Easier to install than hardwood flooring
 Can add value to a home  More resistant to moisture than hardwood
flooring
Con’s:  Available in a wide variety of colours and
 Expensive styles
 Difficult to install Con’s:
 Can be scratched or damaged by heavy  Not as durable as hardwood flooring
objects  Can be scratched or damaged by heavy
objects
 Not as easy to repair as hardwood flooring
Vinyl flooring is a type of flooring made from a
Tile flooring is a type of flooring made from
synthetic material that is resistant to water and
ceramic, porcelain, or natural stone. It is a durable
stains. It is a good choice for areas that are prone
and easy to clean flooring option, but it can be cold
to moisture, such as kitchens and bathrooms.
and hard underfoot.
Pro’s:
Pro’s:
 Waterproof and stain-resistant
 Durable
 Easy to clean and maintain
 Easy to clean and maintain
 Available in a wide variety of colours and
 Water-resistant
styles
 Available in a wide variety of colours,
 Relatively inexpensive
shapes, and sizes
 Easy to install
Con’s:
Con’s:  Cold and hard underfoot
 Not as durable as hardwood or laminate  Can be difficult to install
flooring  Can be expensive
 Can be damaged by sharp objects
 Can be difficult to repair

Types Of Flooring
Comparison:
Hardwood flooring: Durable, beautiful, but expensive and difficult to install. Laminate flooring: Less expensive and easier to install than hardwood flooring, but not as durable. Vinyl flooring: Waterproof, easy to
clean and maintain, but not as durable as hardwood or tile flooring. Tile flooring: Durable, easy to clean, and water-resistant, but cold and hard underfoot and more expensive than other flooring options.
Chosen Idea:
I have chosen all of the above because Hardwood flooring is durable and beautiful, Laminate flooring is Less expensive than hardwood flooring, Vinyl flooring is Easy to install and it acts as Waterproof
and stain-resistant, Tile flooring is Available in a wide variety of colours, shapes, and sizes.

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Harvard Reference:
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https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/owsmtreatmentsystemsmanual_2012.pdf
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2024].
 www.energystar.gov. (n.d.). Learn About LED Lighting | ENERGY STAR. [online] Available at: https://www.energystar.gov/products/light_bulbs/learn-about-led-lighting.
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 ‌Writer, S. (2021). Active vs. Passive Solar Water Heaters. [online] Solar Metric. Available at: https://solarmetric.com/learn/active-vs-passive-solar-water-heaters/.
 ‌basc.pnnl.gov. (n.d.). Drain Back – Solar Hot Water | Building America Solution Center. [online] Available at: https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/drain-back-solar-hot-water [Accessed 4
Mar. 2024].
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ZcKd6vYs61BT9JA:1708991955540&q=Bifold+doors&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicgLyTm8qEAxVGQUEAHdK5AeEQ0pQJegQIDBAB&biw=1148&bih=671&dpr=0.9
[Accessed 4 Mar. 2024].
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 ‌www.pella.com. (n.d.). Comparing Single-Hung vs. Double-Hung Windows. [online] Available at: https://www.pella.com/ideas/windows/single-hung-vs-double-hung-windows/.
 ‌www.google.com. (n.d.). Double-hung windows%3F - Google Search. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com/search?
sca_esv=33160aea3cdc4e48&sxsrf=ACQVn09ipu92nd7mxv1kvjozfW5rq3rMHw:1709373238715&q=Double-hung+windows
%3F&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLlrrFp9WEAxVsUEEAHd80AqoQ0pQJegQIDhAB&biw=1366&bih=633&dpr=1 [Accessed 4 Mar. 2024].
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sca_esv=33160aea3cdc4e48&sxsrf=ACQVn09vGXABlIM1jO2hBGyNvXrhZzT6Vw:1709373724646&q=Casement+windows
%3F&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8g5WtqdWEAxUSX0EAHf6tAHMQ0pQJegQICxAB&biw=1366&bih=633&dpr=1 [Accessed 4 Mar. 2024].

 Anon, (2024). Aluminium Casement Windows | Get An Instant Quote. [online] Available at: https://www.inso.co.za/aluminium-windows/casement-windows/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2024].

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 Design Brief & Research

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