Chemistry Chap 16 equilibrium mixture consists

predominantly of ______, whereas a

Equilibrium very large Kc indicates that the
equilibrium mixture consists
 The law of mass reaction states that
primarily of ______.
- A chemical system reaches a state
- Ans: reactants, products
where the concentrations of the
reactants and products are in
 The law of mass action reflects the
constant ratio
observation that an equilibrium state
- Equilibrium can be reached from
is reached by a chemical system
any direction i.e., by beginning
regardless of the initial
with a mixture of reactants, or
concentration of reacting
products, or both
substances. In other words a
chemical system can reach
 As reaction proceeds, the value of Q
equilibrium either from the reactants
- Increases or decreases, as
or from the products
necessary, until it reaches the
value of K  If the value of Kc is high, the
equilibrium lies to the right. If the
 Given the following equilibrium value of Kc is low, the equilibrium
concentrations for the system at a lies to the left.
particular temperature, calculate the
value of Kc at this temperature.  As a rule of thumb, values of Kc
2NO2Cl (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) greater than 1 x 10^-2 are
[NO2Cl] = 0.019 M, [NO2] = considered large
0.041 M, and [Cl2] = 0.037 M - Ex: 2 x 10^2 & 4 x 10^7
- Ans: 0.17
 The concentrations of pure liquids
 The magnitude of the equilibrium and solids are not included in the
constant Kc is a measure of how far expression Qc or Kc
the reaction proceeds toward the
products at a given temperature. A
very small Kc indicates that the
 Small Kc = favors the reactants,
since there will be more reactants
than products
Intermediate Kc = reactants and
products are at equilibrium
Large Kc = favors the products
since there will be more than the
reactants
 The value of the equilibrium
constant K for the forward reaction
is _____ the value of K for the
reverse reaction.
- Ams: the reciprocal
 Koverall = K1 x K2
Kc when original chemical equation
is multiplied by a coefficient, n =
Kc^1 = (Kc)^n
Kc two-step process (sum) =
Kc^1 = (Kc1 x Kc2)
Kc and KP = Kc(RT)^Δn
 The value of Kp for a given reaction
is the equilibrium constant based on
the partial pressures of the
reactance and products
 How does the equilibrium
constant K change when all the
coefficients of a balanced equation
are multiplied by the same factor, n?
- K' = Kn where n is the factor by
which the coefficients are
multiplied.
 Select all the statements that
correctly describe the equation
below. KP = Kc(RT)Δn
- Δn indicates the change in the
number of moles of gases in the
reaction.
- The gas constant is usually
as R = 0.08206 L⋅atm/mol K.
 When a reaction is at equilibrium,
the reaction quotient Q is always
equal to K ,and ΔG is equal to 0
 As the reaction
quotient Q increases, what is the
effect on the spontaneity of a given
reaction?
- The reaction becomes less
spontaneous
 Under equilibrium conditions, the
equation ΔG = ΔGo + RT
ln Q simplifies to which of the
following?
- ΔGo = –RT ln K
 Le Chatelier's principle states that
when a stress is applied to a system
at equilibrium, the system will
respond by shifting in a direction
 that minimizes the effect of the
stress. The system will therefore
establish a new equilibrium
position

 If a system at equilibrium is
disturbed by a change in
concentration, the system will shift
to consume some of the substance
whose concentration has increased
or to produce more of a substance
whose concentration has decreased.

 Adding a catalyst to an equilibrium

mixture will___?
- Have no impact on the position
of equilibrium nor the value of K

 Select all the statements that

correctly describe the behavior of a
chemical system that is initially at
equilibrium.
- If the temperature of the system is
increased, K will increase if the
reaction is endothermic
- If the temperature of the system is
decreased, K will increase if the
reaction is exothermic