Subject : Chemistry

Class: 10TH
Chapter :Chemical Equilibrium
Subject Teacher: Komal Malik
Week: 2
Topic: law of mass action and Derivation of expression
for the equilibrium constant
Objective
Law of Mass Action
Writing of Equilibrium constant expression
Condition for Equilibrium
Ways to recognize Equilibrium
 Introduction
Chemist generally express the composition of
equilibrium mixture in term of numerical values. These
values relate the amounts of products to reactant at
equilibrium. These value can be determined by using a
relationship known as the law of mass action.
Two chemist C.M Guldberg and P.Waage in 1864
proposed law of mass action.
 Law Of Mass Action
It state that the rate at which a substance
react is directly proportional to its active
mass and the rate at which the reaction
proceeds is directly proportional to the
product of the active masses of the
reactants.
 Active Mass
The term active mass represents the concentration of reactant and
products in mol.dm-3 for a dilute solution, and expressed in terms of
square brackets [ ].
 Reaction
Consider a hypothetical reaction in which a moles of reactant A and b
moles of B reactant B react to give c moles of product D at equilibrium.

aA (g)+ Bb(g) cC(g) + dD(g)

According to the law of Mass Action
Rate of forward reaction [A]a [B]b
Rate of forward reaction=K,[A]a [B]b
Rate of reverse reaction [C]c [D]d
Rate of reverse reaction=K,[C]c [D]d
 Equilibrium State
Where K and K are the rate constant for forward and reverse reaction
respectively at equilibrium state
Rate of forward reaction = Rate of reverse reaction
Thus,
Kf [A]a [B]b = Kr[C]c [D]d
 Equation
Rearranging:
K f = [C]c [D]d
Kr [A]a [B]b

kc = [C]c [D]d
[A]a [B]b
 Equilibrium Constant
Where kc= K f is
Kr
known as equilibrium constant ,and the above equation is called as
equilibrium constant expression. Thus the equilibrium constant
expression for any reaction can be written from its balanced equation.
Concentration of product is taken in the numerator and the concentration
of the reactant is taken in the denominator.
Kc the subscript denotes molar concentration at equilibrium.
 Equilibrium Constant
Equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of the product of
concentration of product to the product of concentration of
reactants each raised to the power equal to the coefficient in the
balanced chemical equation
•Kc is independent of the initial concentration of reactant but
depend upon the temperature.
 Condition for Equilibrium
Equilibrium is reached whether pure reactant
pure product or mixture of reactant and product
placed in closed container in any cases a condition
will eventually be reached in container such that
forward and reverse reactions occur at exactly the
same rate this leads to the situation where
concentration of reactant and products remain the
same , as long as the following conditions
observed:
 Condition for Equilibrium

1. Concentration of none of reactant or

product is changed.
2. Temperature of the system kept constant.
3. Pressure or Volume of the system kept
constant.
 Ways to Recognize Equilibrium
By determining concentration of reactant and
product at regular intervals.
When constant concentration of reactant and
product is observed then the reaction is at
equilibrium.
This can be done by physical and chemical
method such as spectros or titration.
 Assignment of Week 2
Q1: Write a short note on equilibrium constant?
Q2: Write equilibrium constant expression for the
following reaction:
4HCl + O2 2H2O + 2Cl2
Q3:Derive the equation of Law of Mass Action?