10/1/17

Today’s Outline
Environmental Aspect & Impact
TOYOTA JBT GROUP
September 25, 2017
1. Review of ISO 14001:2015 requirements on
environmental aspects

2. Review on environmental aspects, pollution and

Engr. Elaine M. Morales
Quality, Environment, Safety and Health (QESH)
Trainer and Consultant
environmental laws
3. Life cycle approach
4. TOYOTA JBT’s environmental aspects-impacts
identification and evaluation process

5. Review of environmental aspect-impact matrices

Why you? ISO 14001:2015 Requirements

6.1.2 Environmental Aspects

• IMS involves everyone in the organization. • Organization shall determine the environmental aspects of its activities,
products and services that it can control and those that it can influence, and
their associated environmental impacts, considering a life-cycle perspective.
• You are part of the organization. Consider:
- Change, including planned or new developments, and new or modified
• The organization values you and your activities, products and services
- Abnormal conditions and reasonable foreseeable emergency situations

work. • Determine those aspects that have or can have a significant environmental
impact by using an established criteria
• Communicate significant environmental aspects among various levels and
• You know the job and the workplace best. functions of the organization
• Maintain documented information of:
- environmental aspects and impacts
- criteria used to determine significant environmental aspects
- significant environmental aspects

Use of Environmental Aspects in EMS/IMS Environmental Aspect-Impact Identification & Evaluation

• Significant aspects drive the EMS and are a subset of the full Step 1
list of aspects. Establish a Procedure

• EMS is designed to identify, control, manage, and improve the Step 5 Step 2
Update Records of Identify & Characterize
significant aspects. Environmental Aspects Activities,
5-STEP
& Impacts Products & Services
EIA PROCESS
• Adherence to compliance obligations is a part of EMS that MODEL
relate to the aspects.

• Elements such as operational control (procedures and work Step 4 Step 3

Establish & Implement Identify & Evaluate
instructions), training, monitoring and measurement, Programs Environmental Aspects
emergency planning, and setting objectives all depend on & Impacts

significant aspects.

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Environment Environmental Aspects

• surroundings in which an organization operates, • Elements of an organization’s activities, products or services which
can interact with the environment
including air, water, land, natural resources,
flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation • Examples:
ü Use of natural resources (e.g. coal, water)
ü Use of raw materials (e.g. paper, chemicals)
INPUTS
ü Use of energy
ü Use of land
ü Emissions to air (e.g. vehicle emission)
ü Releases to water (e.g. domestic water)
ü Releases to land (e.g. chemical spill)
OUTPUTS
ü Emitted energy (e.g. vibration)
ü Generation of wastes or by-products (e.g. empty plastic
containers, ash)
ü Tree planting

Environmental Impacts What is the correlation of aspect and impact?

• Any change to the environment, whether adverse or ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL

beneficial, wholly or partly resulting from an ASPECT IMPACT
organization’s activities, products, or services

• Examples: Cause Effect

ü Resource depletion
ü Air pollution
ü Water pollution Sanhi Bunga
ü Land pollution
ü Noise pollution Aspeto or elemento ng isang
Epekto sa kapaligiran
ü Destruction of habitat gawain na nakakaapekto sa
ü Decrease in biodiversity kapaligiran
ü Improvement of vegetation

Samples Factors Contributing to Environmental Aspects & Impacts

Aspects Impacts • Pollution Sources, Types & Forms

• Use of natural resources
• Use of raw materials
• Use of energy
• Use of land/Change in land use
• Emissions to air
• Releases to water
• Releases to land
• Emitted energy
• Generation of wastes
• Generation of by-products
• Tree planting
• Depletion of resources
• Pollution Pathways
• Decrease in biodiversity
• Air pollution
• Water pollution • Pollution Targets
• Land pollution
• Noise or noise pollution
• Land pollution/water pollution • Pollution Impacts
• Improvement of vegetation

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Pollution Sources Pollution Types

– Necessary 1. Air Pollution

ü those that must occur in day-to-day activities 2. Water Pollution
as part of normal business activities and/or
3. Land/Soil Pollution
ü those that are a result of the basic nature of 4. Noise Pollution
the materials involved
5. Radioactive Pollution

– Unnecessary 6. Thermal Pollution

ü those that occur because of bad management 7. Light Pollution
or carelessness
8. Visual Pollution

Pollution Types Pollution Types

1. Air Pollution - any contamination of the atmosphere that
disturbs the natural composition and chemistry of the air.
2. Water Pollution - involves any contaminated water, whether
from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter that degrades the
water's quality and purity.
3. Land/Soil Pollution - contamination of the soil that prevents
natural growth and balance in the land whether it is used for
cultivation, habitation, or a wildlife preserve. Some soil
pollution, such as the creation of landfills, is deliberate, while
much more is accidental and can have widespread effects.
4. Noise Pollution - undesirable levels of noises caused by human
activity that disrupt the standard of living in the affected area.
5. Radioactive Pollution - rare but extremely detrimental,
and even deadly, when it occurs. Because of its intensity
and the difficulty of reversing damage, there are strict
government regulations to control radioactive pollution.
6. Thermal Pollution - excess heat that creates undesirable
effects over long periods of time. The earth has a natural
thermal cycle, but excessive temperature increases can be
considered a rare type of pollution with long term effects.
7. Light Pollution - over illumination of an area that is
considered obtrusive.
8. Visual Pollution - eyesores; can be caused by other
pollution or just by undesirable, unattractive views. It may
lower the quality of life in certain areas, or could impact
property values and personal enjoyment.

Pollution Forms Pollution Pathways

• Gaseous • Atmospheric Pathways

ü Fumes ü Very mobile
ü Direction of travel dependent on weather
ü Vapor from volatile components
ü Allow rapid dispersal and dilution of pollution within them
ü Smoke emission
• Surface Water Course Pathways
ü Fairly mobile but less than atmospheric
• Liquid ü Direction of travel is always from high to low (downhill)
ü Water ü Dispersal and dilution rates are predictable and constant
ü Chemicals
• Underground and natural water course
ü Low mobility
• Solid ü
ü
Direction of travel can be complicated by strata and geology
Dispersal and dilution is entirely dependent on strata and
ü Solid waste structure but is always low

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Pollution Targets Pollution Impacts

• Targets are the recipient of pollution, • Any change in the environment than can
which are characterized as being: be:

ü Air
ü Severe, medium, low and/or
ü Water
ü Land ü Long term, short term and/or
ü People and Eco-system ü Immediate and/or delayed
ü The “Built” Environment

Environmental Impacts - Pollution Environmental Impacts - Pollution

Air Pollution Water Pollution

• Pollutants
– Acid gases (SOx, NOx) • Pollutants and DENR Water Quality Parameters
– Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, NOx) – Acid and bases (pH)
– Hydrocarbons – Fats, Oil and Grease (Oil and Grease)
– Particulate Matter – Suspended Solids (TSS)
– Heavy Metals – Organic Matter (DO, BOD5, COD)
– Smoke
– Ozone
– Color
– Pathogens (Total Coliform)
• DENR Ambient Air Quality Parameters – Heavy Metals, Cyanide
– CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, PM10, Ozone – Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus)
– Lead, Dioxins, CFCs – Refractory Organics (Surfactants, Phenols, Pesticides)
– Odor – Nuisance (evident to sight and smell)
– Noise – Thermal (Increase in Temperature)

Environmental Impacts - Pollution Environmental Compliance Obligations

Multi-Media Pollution from Hazardous Wastes Compliance Obligations

• Pollutants and DENR Water Quality Parameters • Include legal requirements that an organization
– Acid and bases (pH) has to comply with and other requirements that
– Fats, Oil and Grease (Oil and Grease) it has to or chooses to comply with.
– Suspended Solids (TSS)
– Organic Matter (DO, BOD5, COD)
– Color
• It also includes other interested party
– Pathogens (Total Coliform) requirements related to its EMS/IMS which the
– Heavy Metals, Cyanide organization has to or chooses to adopt
– Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus)
– Refractory Organics (Surfactants, Phenols, Pesticides)
– Nuisance (evident to sight and smell)
– Thermal (Increase in Temperature)

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Environmental Compliance Obligations
Legal Requirements
• Legal requirements related to the organization’s
environmental aspects. These may include but are not
limited to:
- Requirements from government entities or other
relevant authorities
- International, national and local laws and
regulations
- Requirements specified in permits, licenses or
other forms of authorizations
- Orders, rules, guidance from regulatory agencies
- Judgement of courts or administrative tribunals
Environmental Compliance Obligations
§ PD 1152: Philippine Environment Code
§ PD 1586: Philippine EIS System and IRR (DAO 2003-30)
§ RA 8749: Clean Air Act and IRR (DAO 2000-81)
§ RA 9275: Clean Water Act and IRR (DAO 2005-10)
§ DAO 1990-35: Revised Effluent Regulations
§ RA 9003: Solid Waste Management Act
§ RA 6969: Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Control Act
§ ECC Conditions
§ Municipal/City Ordinances
§ Barangay Ordinances or Resolutions
§ Toyota Environmental Policy
Environmental Compliance Obligations
• Reference:
TOYOTA JBT’s
Process/Procedure for Compliance Obligations
10/1/17
Environmental Compliance Obligations
Other Requirements
• Other interested party requirements related to its environmental
management system/OH&S management system which the organization has
to or chooses to adopt. These may include but are not limited to:
- Agreement with community groups or non-government associations
- Agreement with public authorities or customers
- Organizational requirements
- Voluntary principles or codes of practice
- Voluntary labeling or environmental or OH&S commitments
- Obligations arising under contractual arrangements with the
organization
- Relevant organizational or industry standards
Environmental Compliance Obligations
Environmental Aspect Relevant Laws & Regulations
Use of natural resources § PD 1586: Philippine EIS System and IRR (DAO 2003-30)
(coal, gasoline/diesel) § RA 8749: Clean Air Act and IRR (DAO 2000-81)
Use of water § PD 424 and 1067 Water Code and their respective IRR
Use of chemicals § RA 6969: Toxic Substances & Hazardous & Nuclear Wastes
Control Act
Emissions to air § RA 8749: Clean Air Act and IRR (DAO 2000-81)
Releases to water § RA 9275: Clean Water Act and IRR (DAO 2005-10)
§ DAO 1990-35: Revised Effluent Regulations
Generation of solid waste § RA 9003: Solid Waste Management Act
Generation of hazardous waste § RA 6969: Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Control Act
§ DAO 2013-22: Revised Procedures and Standards for
Management of Hazardous Wastes (Revised DAO 2004-36)
Generation of noise § PD 1152: Philippine Environment Code
Life Cycle
• Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product/
service system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal.
• Life cycle stages include:
– Generation from natural resources
– Acquisition of raw materials
– Design
– Production or Manufacturing
– Transportation or Delivery
– Use
– End-of-life treatment
– Final disposal
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Life Cycle Perspective Life Cycle Perspective

• Determine environmental aspects at each stage of the life Is a life cycle assessment a requirement in ISO
cycle of the product or service .
– Acquisition of raw materials 14001?
– Design
– Production or Manufacturing • No, it is not a requirement.
– Transportation or Delivery
– Use
– End-of-life treatment
Annex A6.1.2: “When determining environmental
– Final disposal aspects, the organization considers a life cycle
perspective. This does not require a detailed life
• Not just those relating to onsite activities cycle assessment; thinking carefully about the life
cycle stages that can be controlled or influenced
• Determine information on potential environmental impacts by the organization is sufficient…”

Life Cycle Perspective Life Cycle Perspective

Why consider life cycle perspective?
• Some of the organization’s significant environmental
impacts can occur at any stage of a product or service.
• By providing information, an organization can prevent
or mitigate potential adverse environmental impacts
When applying a life cycle perspective to its products and services, the
organization should consider the following:
• the stage in the life cycle of the product or service
• the degree of control it has over the life cycle stages
• the degree of influence it has over the life cycle
• the life of the product

during these life cycle stage(s).
• The organization considers the extent of control or
influence that it can exert over activities, products and
services considering a life cycle perspective.
• the organization’s influence on the supply chain
• the length of the supply chain
• the technological complexity of the product
The organization can consider those stages in the life cycle over which it has
the greatest control or influence as these may offer the greatest opportunity
to reduce resource use and minimize pollution or waste.

Life Cycle Perspective Sample EAI using Life-cycle Approach:

Fuel/Oil (Diesel)

•Accidental •Accidental
Release Delivery/ Release
•Use of Fuel/Oil
Acquisition Transport Fuel/Oil to Fuel/Oil to
•Depletion of Land or Water Unloading Land or Water
of Fuel/Oil of Fuel/Oil
Resources
•Land/Water of Fuel/Oil •Land/Water
Pollution Pollution

Action: Check quality of Action: Ensure containment of Action: Ensure containment of

fuel/oil before purchase fuel/oil inside cargo truck/van fuel/oil during transfer and
and availability of spill kits availability/ deployment of
and/or fire extinguisher spill containment

•Accidental Spill
•Accidental Spill •Waste Oil/HW
Storage of Use of •Waste Oil Generation
•Land/Water •Land/Water
Fuel/Oil Pollution Fuel/Oil •Land/Water of HW Pollution
Pollution

Action: Proper storage and Action: Efficient production to Action: Adhere to compliance
maintenance at Warehouse ensure minimal waste oil obligations for Haz Wastes
(TSD)

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EAIE Procedural Details Risk vs. Risk Assessment

Risk
• Potential adverse effect (risk/threat)
• Effect of uncertainty or a deviation from the expected
List all activities, Identify inputs Group inputs Determine Determine Identify outputs (positive or negative)
STEP 1:

STEP 2:

STEP 3:

STEP 4:

STEP 5:

STEP 6:
products or for listed with common environmental environmental and repeat Steps
services activities,
products or
characteristics aspects impacts
Consider
1 to 5
• Often characterized by reference to potential events and
services
Consider life-
normal,
abnormal, shut-
consequences
cycle down, start-up
perspective or emergency
conditions

Risk Assessment
• Evaluation of potential risk level
• Used in determination of significant environmental aspects
where impacts are evaluated based on scale, severity,
duration, exposure or other criteria

Environmental Aspects Identification & Evaluation Workshop

• Reference:
1. Group yourselves by department or team.
TOYOTA JBT’s 2. List as many environmental aspects and impacts for
Process/Procedure for Environmental Aspects Identification your department. Consider the following:
and Evaluation
– Life cycle approach

– Relevant compliance obligations

3. Be ready to share your department’s output (5 mins

max per department).

EAIE Workshop: Suggested Entries for

Post Workshop: Assignment
Environmental Aspects
• Use of natural resources (coal)
• Use of natural resources (water)
• Use of natural resources (land/space) 1. Review TOYOTA JBT’s procedure for environmental aspects and impacts
identification and evaluation. Revise as necessary.
• Use of energy
§ Life cycle approach
• Use of materials (office/lab/other supplies) § Rating for significance
• Use of materials (chemicals)
• Use of materials (oils/lubes/grease) 2. Continue reviewing and updating EAI Matrices
• Use of materials (tools/equipment/spare parts/etc.) § Follow suggested entries, whichever are applicable
• Use of vehicle (car/forklift/etc.) § Identify environmental aspects and impacts by process/activity
• Emissions to air (gas/smoke)
Notes: (e.g. process or activity- inputs EA/EI - outputs EA/EI,
• Identify corresponding compliance obligation, rating)
• Emissions to air (dust)
Environmental Impacts § Consider life cycle approach and applicable compliance
• Releases to water
obligations
• Releases to land
• Identify any relevant § Rate to determine significant environmental aspects
• Emitted energy (vibration/noise) compliance obligation(s)
• Emitted energy (light/heat/radiation) 3. Send completed EAIEs to PCO for consolidation and review.
• Generation of waste (solid waste) 4. Cascade to all dealers.
• Generation of waste (haz waste)
• Generation of by-product (ash)

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What’s next after EAIE? Why manage our solid wastes?

§ Consider significant environmental aspects and impacts in

• per capita waste production daily = 0.5 kg
setting targets and objectives (OTPs)
• every person living in Metro Manila generates about half a
kilo of waste a day (1/2 or 0.5 kg)
§ Plan actions to address significant environmental aspects
and impacts (procedures, programs, guidelines)
• Responsibilities with population = 10.5 million,
• Resources
• Specific actions
• total Metro Manila solid waste = 5,250 MT/day
• Target date
= 5,250,000 kg/day!
§ Monitor, measure, evaluate = 162,750 MT/month
§ Check for effectiveness = 1.95 million MT/year
§ Improve * based on studies by the National Solid Waste Management Commission Secretariat (DENR-EMB)

Why manage our solid wastes? Why manage our solid wastes?

• Metro Manila Solid Wastes = 5,250 MT/day

• Metro Manila Solid Wastes = 5,250 MT/day

of these,
of these, about 40-60% is Reusable or Recyclable!

• only about 73% is collected by dump trucks

• remaining 27% or about 1,417.5 MT end up in canals, vacant

spaces, street corners, market places, rivers and other places
where there are signs that read: “HUWAG MAGTAPON NG
BASURA DITO.”
* based on studies by the National Solid Waste Management Commission Secretariat (DENR-EMB) * based on Waste Analysis and Characterization Survey done by the Asian Development Bank, 2003

Why manage our solid wastes? Why manage our solid wastes?

To illustrate and apply the statistics, • mandated by government laws

• per capita solid waste generation = 0.5 kg/day - RA 9003

• 100 employees (approximate) (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act)

on a Monday, - RA 6969
• 0.50 kg x 100 persons = 50 kg solid waste! (Toxic Substances & Hazardous & Nuclear Wastes Control Act)

factors affecting solid waste generation: - City Ordinance

• 3A’s - Activities, Attitude, Actions

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Why manage our solid wastes? Waste Management Program

• save natural resources

Minimization
• save our environment : help PREVENT
- land contamination Segregation
- water pollution & air pollution
- global warming, greenhouse effect Recycling
- climate change… flooding L
Treatment

• save our lives and properties Disposal

Changes in: CAUSES Global Warming due

ü Sun’s output
ü Earth’s orbit
to GHG:
ü Burning of fossil WEATHER VS. CLIMATE
ü Drifting fuels
continents Natural Human- ü Use of CFCs &
ü Volcanic fertilizers
eruptions Fluctuations Induced (industries /
ü Greenhouse agriculture)
gases ü Mining

CLIMATE
ü Landfills, septic
& sewer • WEATHER • CLIMATE
ü Changing land
CHANGE use patterns - daily atmospheric - average weather for a
(deforestation)
conditions in a certain particular region over a
area long time period

- can change from hour-to- - describes the total of all

IMPACTS Warmer Earth
hour, day-to-day, and weather occurring over a
Melting Arctic
season-to-season long period of years in a
Evaporation /
ice, glaciers,
permafrost
Heat waves Forest fires Rise in sea levels
Precipitation or Rainfall given place

Changes in Agricultural & El Niño, La Niña ,

- includes wind,
Flooding, etc.
vegetation Aquaculture problems Storms, Hurricanes
temperature, humidity, - includes patterns of
atmospheric pressure, temperature,
Flashfloods,
Landslides cloudiness, sunshine and precipitation, humidity,
Disrupted ecosystem & Reduced natural
Diseases
precipitation wind and seasons
biodiversity resources
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/whatis.htm

Why care for the environment?

• commitment to

Environment
Safety and
Health

Program of the Company!

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We can make a difference. We can make a difference.

• ISO 14001:2015
- a tool; a system to help address environmental problems • Commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR)
- specifies requirements for an environmental management
system to enable an organization to develop and implement a - Tree planting
policy and objectives which take into account legal
(Carbon-sink, Watersheds, Mangrove forests)
requirements and other requirements to which the
organization subscribes, and information about significant
environmental aspects - Rehabilitation of water bodies
(e.g. Pasig River, Manila Bay, Laguna Lake)
- it applies to those environmental aspects that the organization
identifies as those which it can control & those which it can - Coastal clean-up
influence - Artificial reefs

We can make a difference.

• Initiatives & Just Self Commitment

(Home or Work Place)
END.
- Waste reduction, segregation & recycling
THANK YOU!
Engr. Elaine M. Morales
- Water & energy conservation
Quality, Environment, Safety and Health (QESH)
Trainer and Consultant
- Information-dissemination / Info-campaigns

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