Two truths and one lie

How to play:
1. Write three statements. Two statements are true, and one is a lie. Example:
 I have been teaching for 10 years.
 I have a pet cat called "Eva".
 I lived in the USA for a year.

2. Find a partner. Read their statements and ask "lie detector" questions to get information in order to find a false
statement. For example:
 Teaching - Where have you taught? What have you taught? What year did you start?
 Pet - How old is Eva? What does Eva eat? Where do you keep Eva?
 The USA - Where did you live in the USA? What language was spoken there? What did you do?
 I guess your 3rd statement about the USA is false because…

3. Tell your partner your statements and answer their questions.

4. Find another partner. Have fun! 

1. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

1
 Classroom Phrases

1. Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. What do you say when you:
 don’t understand a task?
 don’t hear what is said?
 don’t know the word?
2. Study the following phrases. Are there any phrases to answer the questions in 1?

How do you spell (or pronounce) this Can I come in?

word?
Sorry, I missed (or didn’t catch) that.
Can/could you repeat that, please?
What page are we on?
I am ready. May I start it?
Can I go out?
Can I switch off/on the lights?
Can I open/close the window?
May I join the class/group?
What is the homework?
Sorry, for being late.
Can you explain it one more time, please?
Could you speak more slowly, please?
Could you speak up a bit, please?
Is this right/correct?
When is the homework for?
Can you help me, please?
What’s the English/Russian for …?
Can I leave a bit early today, please?
May I switch to Russian, please?
I'm afraid, I'll have to miss the class.
Sorry, I’m going to be 30 minutes late.

3. Make sentences as in the example.

a) Can / please? / help / me, / you
Can you help me, please?
b) Can / switch / on / I / the / lights?
________________________________________________________
c) page / we / on? / What / are
________________________________________________________
d) am / 30 / to / minutes / be / going / late. / I / / Sorry,
________________________________________________________
e) will / miss / to / class. / have / the / am / I / afraid, / I
________________________________________________________
f) am / homework, / didn’t / sorry. / to / I / time / have / do / my / I
________________________________________________________
g) you / Could / rephrase / please? / that,
________________________________________________________
h) late. / Sorry / guys, / running / am / I
________________________________________________________
i) not / the / able / join / to / class / today. / I'm
________________________________________________________
j) please? / Could / you / bit, / up / a / speak
________________________________________________________
k) a / leave / early / Can / I / please? / bit / today,
________________________________________________________

2
4. Work in pairs. What do you say when:
 you don’t know how to spell / pronounce the word?
 you don’t know the Russian translation of “redundant”?
 you want to interrupt your teacher / group mate and share your
opinion on the topic?
 you want the teacher to repeat the phrase?
 you are late?
 you want your groupmate to speak slowly?
 you didn’t do your homework?
 you need to leave the class early?
5. Add more phrases during the course.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3
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 World Quiz
1. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
a)
b)
c)
2. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
a)
b)
c)
3. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
a)
b)
c)
4. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
a)
b)
c)
5. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
a)
b)
c)
6. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
a)
b)
c)

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 Technical Interview Practice

1. You are a customer from the US and you want to find

a good QA engineer. Write Wh-questions you would
like to ask a potential employee about his/her
current/previous project.
Example: What were your responsibilities on your
previous project?
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ………………………………………………………………………………………
10.………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Ask your partner the questions from 1. Take notes to share the ideas with other
students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

59
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The passive (1 ): actions, systems and processes

Presentation
O Form
The passive is formed by using the verb b e and the past participle (e.g., broken, driven,
used). For example, the present tense passive is formed with am /is/are + past participle:

I a m driven I a m not driven Am I driven?

You are driven You are not driven Are you driven?
He/she/it is driven He/she/it is not driven Is he/she/it driven?
We are driven We are not driven Are we driven?
They are driven They are not driven Are they driven?

© Focus on actions
We often use the passive to focus on something that happens to someone, when we do
not want to focus on the person who does the action:
About 85% o f the world's rubber is p rod u ced in the Far East
(We use the passive here because we do not know, or need to say, who produces it.)

Q Systems and processes

The passive is often used to talk about systems and processes:
On most rubber plantations, the latex is collected from the rubber trees every day. It is m ixed
with water and then formic acid is ad d ed . This process creates crude rubber, which is then rolled
into sheets.

© Active or passive?
If it is important to say who performs an action, we can use the active or we can use the
passive and the word by:
active: Peter Franks runs the Marketing Department.
passive: The Marketing Department is run by Peter Franks.
Both of these sentences are correct. If we were already talking about Peter Franks, we
would probably use the active:
Peter Franks is an old colleague o f mine. He w orks for Butterfield International, and he runs the
Marketing Department.
If we were talking about the Marketing Department, and don't want to change the subject
in the second sentence, we would probably use the passive:
The Marketing Department is a large and very successful division that employs over 100 people. It
is run by Peter Franks.

62
The passive (1): actions, systems and processes 67
 Practice
Form
Read this interview with a taxi driver. Put the verbs in brackets into the present
simple passive.
A: 1 Are. you eM^loyed (you/employ) by a taxi company or is Pet Taxi your own
business?
B: Pet Taxi is all mine - and I started it because there are lots of drivers who don't like it
when 2 ...................................................... (they/ask) to drive cats and dogs in their cars.
A: Is that a problem?
B: Yes, it can be, because every time you have a cat or a dog, dust and hairs
3 ........................................ (leave) behind. And these days there are lots of passengers
who 4 ........................................ (not/allow) to go anywhere near animals because of
allergies.
A: So what does your taxi look like?
B: It's a bit like a van, but it ^ ......................................... (fit) with a big cage where the
animals 6 .....................................(keep), and in the roof there are vents so that the air
7 ......................................... (let) in - which is important for long journeys.
A: So what sort of animals 8 ........................................ (you/ask) to carry round?
B: Well, mostly, 9 ........................................ (I/contact) by people who want me to take their
cats and dogs to the hairdresser's or vet's. ButI do some work for a film studio too, so
sometimes 10........................................ (I/give)more unusual creatures - I once had a
huge snake - a python!

Focus on actions
Many of the following sentences sound unnatural because they are in the active.
Rewrite them in the present simple passive, but do not m ention the agent (e.g., by
workers, by people).
1 Workers in China make these telephones.
These telephones are wade ii\ Chii\a.
2 Employers pay many manual workers weekly.
Many manual workers..................................................................................................................
3 They keep a large amount of gold at Fort Knox.
A large amount of g o ld .................................................................................................................
4 Workers build a lot of the world's supertankers in South Korea.
A lot of the world's supertankers................................................................................................
5 Farmers grow a third of the world's cocoa on the Ivory Coast.
A third of the world's co co a ........................................................................................................
6 Countries store most nuclear waste underground.
Most nuclear w aste........................................................................................................................
7 Scientists test most new drugs extensively before they go on sale.
Before they go on sale, most new drugs...................................................................................
8 Printers print a lot of our books in Hong Kong.
A lot of our books..........................................................................................................................

68 The passive (1): actions, systems and proce 63

 Systems and processes
Read this inform ation about the Morgan Car company, a privately-owned fam ily
firm th at makes classic sports cars. Put the verbs into the present simple passive.

Every Morgan 1 is o r d e r e d Chassis erection shop - Here is where the engine

(order) in advance and
each one 2 ..........................
(build) to the customer’s
specifications.
Body shop The first stage
of production involves the
construction of the frames.The frames 3 ..........................
(make) of wood, and they 4 .......................... (put)
together carefully by expert craftsmen.
Sheet m etal shop - This is where the panels of steel or
aluminium 5 .......................... (cut) out.The sheet metal
shop is the main supplier for the assembly shop.
New A ssem bly shop - This is where the wooden frame
6 .......................... (bolt) to the steel chassis. Afterwards
the aluminium panels 7 .......................... (attach) to the
frame.Then the wings, bonnets and wheels
8 ........................... (fit) and the car
9 ....................... (prepare) for painting.
10.......................... (assemble) to the chassis - most of
the engines that 11 .......................... (use) come from
Rover, Ford or BMW.This is also where the gear boxes
and other parts 12.......................... (add) to the car.
This part of the process takes a day.
Finishing shop - Here the final operations
13........................... (carry) out.The leather seats, electrical
wiring, dashboard and windscreens 14..........................
(fit) to the cars. Afterwards the cars 15..........................
(take) for a road test.
Despatch departm ent - It is here that the cars
16.......................... (check) against a quality list.Then
they 17......................................... (clean and polish) and
18.......................... (despatch) to the customers.

EXERCISE o Active or passive?

Read each of the follow ing statem ents. Then say if it would m ost probably be
follow ed by sentence a or sentence b. Underline the best answer.
1 Roche Inc. is one of the world's leading pharmaceutical groups,
a It manufactures vitamins, perfumes, and antibiotics.
b Vitamins, perfumes, and antibiotics are manufactured by it.
2 Qantas is Australia's largest airline.
a A fleet of 145 aircraft is operated by it.
b It operates a fleet of 187 aircraft.
3 Our most successful department by far is Research and Development,
a It is run by Dr Stein and her colleagues.
b Dr Stein and her colleagues run it.
4 News Corporation is a global media and entertainment empire.
a As well as publishing newspapers and books, 20th Century Foxisowned by it.
b As well as publishing newspapers and books, it owns 20th Century Fox.

64
The passive (1): actions, systems and processes 69
 Production
TASK 1 A person who wrorks in the Personnel Departm ent is explaining how they select
candidates in her com pany

ffl
If there’s a vacancy,
usually advertise it in-house If I don’t find any suitable
first of all. candidates, then we advertise
the job in the papers.

We ask applicants to
send in their CVs. We invite some of the
candidates to an interview.
a
After that, we draw up
a shortlist.
We ask some of the applicants
back for a second interview.
LU w
\A/&
VVC rhnncp
LI IUUj C thp
LI 1C
best candidate.
b t * tà Then I check his or
her references.
If everything’s O K , we offer
the applicant the job.

Complete the sentences below to give a general description of the recruitm ent
process. Use the passive in your answer.
1 The vacancy is advertised ir^-howse.
2 If there are no suitable in-house candidates, the job...........................................................
3 Applicants.....................................................................................................................................
4 Some candidates..........................................................................................................................
5 A shortlist......................................................................................................................................
6 Some applicants...........................................................................................................................
7 The best candidate......................................................................................................................
8 The references..............................................................................................................................
9 The successful applicant............................................................................................................

TASK 2 Write a short paragraph describing a system or process you know well, using the
present simple passive. You may find the follow ing linking words helpful:
First of all, ... T h en ,... N ext,... After that, ... Finally,...

70 The passive (1): actions, systems and procès 65

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Conditionals (1): if you go ...

Presentation
O Zero conditional
We can talk about general facts or things that are always true using an if sentence.
This kind of sentence has the present tense in both parts:

I f + present tense Present tense

I f the price o f a product falls, demand for it usually rises.

In statements like this, i f means the same as when or every time. This is sometimes called
the 'zero conditional'.

0 First conditional
When we talk about the results of future events that are reasonably likely, we can use an
i f sentence. The if clause states the condition, and the other clause states the result.

Condition Result
I f + present tenses w ill + bare infinitive
I f you give me an extra day's holiday, I'll w ork this weekend.

The i f clause can come in the first part of the sentence or the second:
I f the government raises taxes in the next budget, consumer spending w ill fall.
Consumer spending w ill fa ll i f the government raises taxes in the next budget.
Common mistakes: We do not use w ill in the i f part of the sentence:
wrong: *If the shipment w ill arrive tomorrow, I w ill collect it.
right: I f the shipment arrives tomorrow, I w ill collect it.

Q If or when?
When we talk about events that will take place in the future, we can use i f or w hen, but
there is an important difference in meaning.
I'm flying to the States today. I'll give you a ring i f I get in at a reasonable time.
(The speaker is not sure if he will get in at a reasonable time or not.)
I'm flying to the States tonight. I'll give you a ring w hen I get there.
(The speaker has no doubt that the plane will arrive safely.)

© Variations
We can use the imperative, or a modal verb (see Units 23-6), instead of w ill + infinitive:
Imperative: I f you hear from Susan today, tell her to ring me.
I f Mr Duval comes in, g et him to sign that contract.
Modal: I f the traffic is bad, I m ay get hom e late.
I f we sign the contract today, we can start production at the end o f next month.
We can use the present continuous or the present perfect in the i f clause:
Present continuous: I f they are still considering Peru, I shall suggest Lima.
Present perfect: I f you h av e p la c e d the order, the goods will arrive in ten days.

87
Conditionals (1): if you go . 79
 Practice
EXERCISE O Zero conditional
Complete the first part of the sentences in colum n A w ith the right endings in
colum n B.
1 Qo ve ri\ M e rvt S e x p e c t So M e t h i^
2 Every time Peter chairs a meeting
3 People are usually more productive
4 If you send someone an email,
5 If inflation rises,
6 When you have a high staff turnover,
7 If anyone from our Hamburg office visits,
8 We spend a great deal on promotion
9 I always fly Club Class
B
ii\ re t w rrv a when I go on a long haul flight,
b it normally arrives in seconds,
c I usually look after them.
S -d i-f t h e y ^ive . a i d .
e whenever we launch a new model,
f it always goes on for a long time,
g if they work in pleasant surroundings,
h the value of people's savings goes down,
i something is wrong with the
management.

First conditional
Look at the notes about each situation. Then write i f sentences using the present
simple and w ill + infinitive.

E H m rr

BR I D ES «
SWINDON

1 a motorway may be very busy - we/miss the flight

l-f ‘the. M o t o r w a y is v e r y bwsy we ll M iss t h e -f l i g h t ,
b traffic may be OK - we/get to the airport on time

2 a weather may be good - they/have the party7 in the garden

b it may rain - they/hold the reception in the marquee

3 a the play may do well - it/open on Broadway

b the play may do badly - it/close after a week

80 Conditionals (1): if you go 88

EXERCISE © If or when?
Fill in the blanks w ith i f or w hen.
1 I don't think you'll have any problems, but call m e .....................you do.
2 Mrs Barton is coming this afternoon. Could you send her u p ........................ she arrives?
3 We won't be able to com pete........................ we don't adopt a better Internet strategy.
4 Put that on my bill please, and I'll p a y ............................ I check out.
5 I'll be disappointed.......................I'm not promoted this year.
6 Sales are low this spring, but they will im prove..................... summer starts.

EXERCISE O Variations
Read the follow ing dialogue, and choose th e best option from the words in italics.
Hans: I'll be at a meeting this afternoon, so if Pierre 1 will call/calls. 2 tell/you'll tell him
I'll give him a ring later.
Claudia: OK, but there's one other thing. You've got a meeting with Mr Sachs at 5.00.
Will you be back by then?
Hans: It depends, really, but I'll call you. If the meeting 3 will go on/goes on after 4.30,
you 4 will/can cancel my appointment with Mr Sachs. But if it has already
finished by then, 1 5 may/am able to get back in time.
Claudia: Anything else?
Hans: Yes, if you 6 will manage/manage to get hold of Kevin, you 7 must/will get the
October sales figures from him. I need them today. The Chairman 8 may/can
come to the sales meeting tomorrow, and if he does, he 9 will want/must want
to see them.

EXERCISE 0 Right or wrong?

Some o f the follow ing sentences are right and some are wrong. Put a tick ( / ) next
to the ones th at are right and correct the ones th at are wrong.
1 If you finish everything that needs to be done before five, you are able to go home.
I-P yoiA -finish everything -tlwt needs -to be done be-fore -five, you cAn op hoMe.
2 Mr Lo probably won't want to go out for dinner if he has had a meal on the plane.

3 If it will be their first visit to England, I expect they might want to do some sightseeing.

4 I may go and visit their headquarters if I will go to London next week.

5 Please don't hesitate to contact me if you require any further information.

6 What should I do if everyone will be still talking when I want to start my presentation?

7 If you will go to Paris next week, I can give you the name of a good hotel I know.

89
Conditionals (1): if you go . 81
 Production
TASK 1 Explain the m eaning of these sentences using a first conditional sentence w ith if.
1 For further information call us on 0800 726354.
IT you rin<^ O&OO 7 2 6 5 ^ 4 , we^ll ^ive you SoMe More. info rM A tio n.
2 We've got these products on a 'sale or return' basis.

3 Subscribe to Business Age before 30 September and save up to 33%.

4 The Ford Ka comes with a money-back guarantee.

TASK 2 Complete these sentences.

1 If I have time this weekend,............................................................................................................
2 If I go on holiday this year, .............................................................................................................
3 If I can afford i t , .................................................................................................................................
4 If I carry on learning English,.........................................................................................................
5 If I stay in my present jo b ,..............................................................................................................
6 If I feel tired this evening,...............................................................................................................
7 If I finish work early,.........................................................................................................................
8 If I move house at some stage in the future,..............................................................................

TASK 3 You have been asked to speak on these topics at a meeting. Wrrite short paragraphs
about what you think will happen during the next two or three years, and w hat you
or your com pany will do.
1 Interest rates
I -think th A t in-te.re.S-t r <\-tes will rise A<^Ain during -the n e x t -two o r
th r e e y ea rs.
l-f th ey do, we will have t o t r y t o reduce our c o sts And th e AMount we
borrow AS Much AS possible, And we will n o t be Able t o expAnd.

2 Your market share

3 New competitors

4 Technological changes

82 Conditionals (1): if you go 90

Conditionals (3): if you w e n t ...

Presentation
O Form
The second conditional is formed by using i f + past tense and w ou ld ('d) + bare infinitive:

I f + past tense w ould/'d + infinitive

I f I h a d his mobile number, I'd p h o n e him.

Common mistakes:
We do not use would in the i f part of the sentence:
wrong: * I f trains w ould b e more reliable, more people w ou ld use them.
right: I f trains w ere more reliable, more people w ou ld use them.
The i f clause can come in the first part of the sentence, or the second:
I f I h a d his mobile number\ I'd p h o n e him.
I'd p h o n e him i f I h a d his mobile number.

O Imaginary situations
We can use the second conditional to refer to an imaginary situation now or in the future.
1 I f Anna w as here, she'd know what to do.
(But she is not here at the moment, so she cannot help).
2 I f I lost my job tomorrow, I'd m ove to London to find another one.
(I don't think I will lose my job, but I understand the possible consequences.)
In 1 we are talking about the present, and imagining a situation that is different from
reality. In 2 we are talking about a possible event in the future; however, by using the
second conditional we make it clear that we do not really think it will happen.

Q Variations
It is also possible to use m ight and cou ld instead of w ould:
I f we had the finance, we cou ld expand much more rapidly.
I f the terms o f the contract were different, we m ight accept it.
In the i f clause, we can use w ere instead of w as for the verb to be. This is very common
when we give advice using the expression I f I were you ...
I f I w ere you, I would call the technical support helpline.

© First or second?
If we think that a future event is reasonably likely, we use the first conditional:
I f my investments grow at 6% a year, they w ill b e worth £20,000 in ten years.
(This is reasonably likely and realistic.)
If we are talking about something that is unlikely or impossible, we use the second
conditional:
I f the stock market grew by 500% over the next two years, I 'd b e a b le to retire.
(But this is extremely unlikely.)

91
Conditionals (3): if you w ent. 87
 Practice
EXERCISE o Form
Change the verbs in brackets using w ould + infinitive or the past tense.
A: My session with the Human Resources department didn't go too well.
B: Really? Why not?
A: WTell, firstly, they said there was almost no chance of promotion in this country. There
is an opportunity in the Spanish office, but that's impossible. If I 1 Accented (accept)
the job in Madrid, I 2........................(not/spend) any time with the family.
B: Couldn't you all move there?
A: No, because if we all 3........................(move) to Spain, the children 4..........................
(need) to change schools, and we don't want them to do that. And if we all
5........................ (go), Laura 6..........................(have) to give up her job, and I can't ask her
to do that.
B: Did they have any other ideas?
A: They said there were more opportunities in the IT department, but that's not a
solution either. Even if I 7........................ (start) next week, I 8.......................... (not/get) a
senior position for at least three years, and that is too long. So I don't really know
wThat I'm going to do.

e x e r c is e © Imaginary present situations

Rewrite the follow ing sentences with if and the second conditional.
1 The reason we don't use them is that they are so expensive.
But i-f -they weren -fc So expensive., we d use -theM.
2 The reason I can't contact them is that I haven't got their address.
B u t...............................................................................................................................
3 The reason I work so hard is that I enjoy my job.
B u t..............................................................................................................................
4 The reason we are the market leaders is that we spend so much on R&D.
B u t...............................................................................................................................
5 The reason I can't give you an answer is that I haven't got the authority.
B u t..............................................................................................................................

e x e r c is e 0 Variations
Complete the sentences w ith the correct form of verbs in the box.
change be think speak apply
be earn be -get produce

1 I think I might ^et that job in Paris if I Applied for it, but I'm not interested in it.
2 If I ........................ you, I 'd ......................... very carefully before investing.
3 It's a pity you've refused to talk to him. He m ig h t........................ his mind if you
........................ to him personally.
4 It's a pity the circulation of our magazine is so low. If i t ........................ higher, we could
........................ a lot more from advertising.
5 If our labour co sts........................lowTer, we cou ld..........................cheaper goods.

88 Conditionals (3): if you w ent. 92

e x e r c is e O First or second conditional?
Read through the follow ing sentences. Decide w hether the events are likely or
imaginary, and put the verbs in brackets in to the right tense.
1 If everyone corvtri bwted (contribute) 20% of their salaries to charity, there would be.
(be) no poverty.
2 I am confident that w e ........................ (meet) our targets if w e .......................... (maintain)
our current level of sales.
3 If I ........................ (be) in your position, I ........................ (insist) on having more staff in
the department.
4 Please have a seat. If y o u ........................ (wait) a couple of minutes, I
(give) you a lift.
5 I'm expecting a call from Gravson's. If th e y .. .....................(ring) today, please
(let) me know at once.
6 I ...................... ... (apply) for the job if I ............. .......... (have) an MBA, but unfortunately
I haven't.
7 I ...................... ... (be) back at 8.30 if the traffic .........................(not/be) too bad.
8 What law s.... ....................(you/change) if you ........................ (be) the Prime Minister?

e x e r c is e @ Questionnaire
Read the questionnaire and for each question write a num ber from 1-5 to show
how often you would act in this way. (l=never, 2=rarely, 3=som etimes, 4=often,
5=always). Then turn to page 201 to work out w hat your score means.

What is your management style?

1 If my team had to make a decision, I would
encourage everyone to participate and I
would try to implement their ideas and
suggestions.
2 If I had to teach people new tasks and
procedures, I would enjoy it.
3 If I was in charge of an important project,
I would closely monitor the schedule to
make sure it was completed in time.
4 If I was faced with a very challenging task,
I would really enjoy it.
5 If I found a good idea in a book on training,
leadership, and psychology, I would try to
put it into action.
6 If I had to correct an employee’s mistake,
I wouldn’t mind upsetting them.
7 If I had to manage a complex task through
to completion, I would supervise every detail.
8 If I was in charge of a complex task or
project, I would enjoy explaining the
details to my employees.
9 If I had to complete a complex project,
I would naturally break it up into small
manageable tasks.
10 I would achieve my goals, even if it
meant upsetting some people.
11 If I was in charge of a project, I would
concentrate on building a great team.
12 I would enjoy analysing problems, if I was
put in charge of a very complex project.
13 It would be easy for me to give
employees advice on how to improve
their performance or behaviour.
14 If I had to carry out several complicated
tasks at the same time, it would be possible
for me.

93
Conditionals (3): if you w ent... 89
 Production
TASK 1 Answer the follow ing questions using the second conditional.
What would you do if ...
1 ... you invented a new product?
l-f I invented a new product, I'd ptf.-ke.n-t i-t iiMMe.ditf.-te.ly.
2 ... you lost your job?

3 ... you were offered a job in Saudi Arabia for five years?

4 ... your company's main competitors offered you a good job?

5 ... you lost all your money and credit cards?

TASK 2 Write down the advice you would give in the follow ing situations. Begin each
answer w ith I f I were you ... .
What would you say to ...
1 ... an 18 year old who wanted to join your company instead of taking up a place at a
well-known university?
l-f I were you I'd op -to university, be.ctf.use you could join th e coMpAny tft a
higher level lA ter.
2 ... a colleague who had not heard about the result of an interview?

3 ... a friend who asked you what kind of car he should buy?

4 ... someone who was looking for a job with your company?

5 ... a visitor to your town who asked which restaurants were good?

TASK 3 Write a short paragraph about the changes you would make in the follow ing
situation.
If I were Prime Minister, I'd rAiSe tA xes And Spend More Money on edu cation. \'d
reduce buretf.ucrtf.cy And c u t de-fence Spending. \'d Abolish th e Monarchy, And Move
in to th e pAlAce, which \'d MAke My privAte hoMe.

If I were CEO of the company I work for, ...

90 Conditionals (3): if you w ent. 94

 Technical Interview Practice

1. Translate into English

1. На твоем месте я бы перенес митинг.
.......................................................................................
2. Что бы ты сделал(а), если бы баг снова
воспроизвелся?
.......................................................................................
3. Что бы ты сделал(а), если бы твой босс дал тебе задачу на выходные?
..........................................................................................................................................
4. Если бы заказчик перенес дедлайн, мы бы точно успели вовремя.
..........................................................................................................................................
5. Вот бы этот баг не воспроизводился!
..........................................................................................................................................
6. Я бы предпочел, чтобы ты не перебивал меня на митинге.
..........................................................................................................................................
7. Если бы мой коллега Боб был здесь, он бы помог решить проблему.
..........................................................................................................................................
8. Заказчики не обращались бы к нам, если бы наш продукт был низкого качества.
..........................................................................................................................................
9. Как бы ты убедил(а) заказчика перенести дедлайн?
..........................................................................................................................................
10.Как бы ты переспросил(а), если бы ты не услышал(а) что-то во время разговора?
..........................................................................................................................................
11.Что если бы твой заказчик звонил, а ты бы этого не ожидал(а)?
..........................................................................................................................................
12.Что если бы JIRA зависла во время тестирования?
..........................................................................................................................................

2. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions from 1. Take notes to share the ideas
with other students.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

95
 I can taLk about twuagtnary
Tail<ing
aboutimaginary
situations sttnationtand thtngsI wauld
Liketo change.

$ Zl+ Listento the conversation

andchoosethe correct 4 Readthe Leornthis!box.Underline
an example
of each
verbforms.DecidewhetherMaxandJadeare: in the dialoguein exercise
expression 1.
a getting
on wel[. b faltingout. c makingup. t
,.- I wish,lf only,I'd rather
* 1 Weuset wish... or tf only...withthe pastsimpleto
; saythatwe reallywanta situation to be different.
E t wishit wosthe weekend.lf only t had o car.

4 Weusel'd ratherwiththe pastsimpleto saythat we

reallywantsomebody's (orsomething's)
behaviourto
be different. l'd rotheryoudidn'tkeepinterrupting.

lcan couldafforda hotidaythisyear. Complete the sentences with / wish(orlf only)andI'd rather.
fade I wishwe /
Thesebeaches lookamazing! 1 | can'taffordthat jacket. it wascheaper!
Max Yes.lf ontywe 'have/ had€3,oool 2 | don'ttiketivingin a ftat. livein a house.
3am wasrich,awe'dspend we spentevery 3 I'd liketo knowhowJackie is. - shewouldphone.
fade lf | / /
wintertogether on a tropicaI
island. 4 I'm gettingfat. - do someexercise thango on a diet.
Max Reatly? I'd rathergo skiingin theAlps.Lyingon a 5 Youcanwearjeansif youwant,but - youwore
beachis boring. something moreformal.
swoutdn't be / wasn'tboringif you 6 - mybrother wouldn'tborrowmybike.
lade Maxllt
uare werewith me.I wishTyou'dbe youwere
/ /
moreromantic sometimes!
6 Howmanysentences
canyoumakeusingthischart?
lrlax Wellanyway, we can'taffordit. lf you8didn't/ lwish she'ddo betterin herexams.
wouldn'tbuyso manyclothes,ewe'dhave/ we
lf only shehada job.
hadmoremoneyfor holidays.
lade ButI likectothes! WoutdyouratherI towear/ wore I'd rather I didn'thaveto work.
a tracksuitallthetime,likeyou? lf sheworkedharder, stayin bed.
llax What'swrongwith mytracksuits?! She'dhavemoremonevif we livedin theUSA.

Readand completethe Learnfhrslbox.Howmanyexamples ourparentswouldn'tworry.

of the secondconditional
arein the dialogue?
I - Workin pairs.StudentA: Makecomments with
- Secondconditional I wish...andthe ideasin the boxor yourownideas.Student
: Weusethesecondconditional to talkaboutan B: Reptyusing/'d rather... andyourownideas.StudentA: Say
situationor eventandits resutt.Weusethe
imaginary howlifewouldbe different.
-i simpleforthe situationor eventand- +
-
| / livenearthe sea I I be 27 yearsold
- baseformfor the result.
| / havea newmobilephone lessons / be longer
it / be Christmas| / canplaythepiano | / owna Ferrari
Complete the sentenceswithyourownideas.
1 lf I had€3,000fora holiday, ...
2 lf I had€1,000for somenewoutfits,...
3 lf I couldIiveanywhere in thewortd,...
4 lf I spokeperfect Engtish, ...
5 lf I fancied myfriend's
boyfriend/girlfriend,
...
5 lf I tivedon a tropicaI
island,...
7 lf I hada hotiday homein theAlps,...
8 lf I felloutwithmybestfriend,...
ao GrammarBuilder7.3: I wish, If only, I'd rather:p.72t
e Grammar
Builder7.2:Second p.120
conditional:
96
Un it T . T ru e l o v e( \?. , l
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I’ve been working with a1qa for
about two and a half years.

143
 Stand Up Meetings

1. Translate into English

1. Вчера я работал над созданием тестовой документации.

___________________________________________________________________
2. Сегодня я обновляю тестовую среду.
___________________________________________________________________
3. Вчера мы обсудили дефекты с разработчиками, аналитиками и членами команды.
___________________________________________________________________
4. Завтра я буду выполнять функциональное тестирование и обновлю тестовую
документацию.
___________________________________________________________________
5. Вчера я тестировали новые фичи, искал баги и вносил их в систему.
___________________________________________________________________
6. Сегодня я встречаюсь с заказчиками.
___________________________________________________________________
7. Вчера я писал новые тесткейсы и валидировал дефекты.
___________________________________________________________________
8. У меня проблема с обновлением тестовой среды.
___________________________________________________________________
9. У меня некоторые сложности с проверкой механизма аутентификации.
___________________________________________________________________
10. Вчера я принялся за новый проект и изучал его.
___________________________________________________________________

144
2. Use the ideas from the charts to get ready for a stand up meeting.

YesterdayParticipate in sprint planning

Complete New Features Test
Today Create test data for the developers
Complete testing of the build
Tomorrow Create Quality Report
Discuss issues with developers, analysts and other team members
Issue(s) Application cannot be opened in Safari

Yesterday Install a new build on a mobile device

Today Perform regression tests
Tomorrow Carry out localization tests; Spanish, Chinese, French
Issue(s) Need headphones for iPhone 11 to check audio streaming

YesterdayInvestigate the product, read specification

Create test documentation (e.g. Acceptance Sheet), 80% finished
Today Complete creation of test documentation
Respond to a build notification
Tomorrow Perform a smoke test of the application
Perform testing of new features
Issue(s) No access to Invision where design examples are stored

3. Get ready for a stand up meeting using your own ideas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

145
 Past Simple:
Spelling and Pronunciation

Spelling

verb + ed verb ends in a vowel + consonant + y y ied two-syllable verbs

verb ends in –e + d a consonant double the consonant
double the consonant when the last syllable
+ ed is stressed

hated, stopped, cried, prefer preferred

Ex.1. Group the verbs according to their spelling. Add -(e)d to the verbs and put them in
the correct column.
cry, stay, stop, hate, prefer, taste, fry, dance, like, type, plan, annoy, destroy, pray, phone, beg,
try, tip, play, study, travel, enjoy, empty, tidy, add, wash, rain, need, help, want, count, rob,
open, work, marry, close, love, end, invite, laugh, hope, kiss, answer.

Pronunciation
/id/ /t/ /d/
after /t/, /d/ after unvoiced sounds after voiced sounds
hated, stopped, cried, stayed,

Ex.2. Group the verbs from Ex.1 according to their pronunciation.

146
 Grammar of Diplomacy
In business, the grammatical and lexical choices you make
can have a powerful effect on the outcome of a meeting or
negotiation. Generally, diplomatic language is less direct
language, so each sentence or expression is usually longer
than its more direct, less tactful equivalent.

Look at the following ways of making what you say in a negotiation more diplomatic:

1 Modals: would, could, may, might.

 This is a problem. > This would be a problem.

In the second example the speaker sounds less direct, but the basic message doesn't change. This would
be a problem still means it is a problem! But it sounds better.

2 Modifiers: slight, a bit, rather, a few, etc. soften the impact of bad news.

 There may be a delay. > There may be a slight delay.

3 Rephrased negatives 1: not very, totally, completely + positive adjective.

 We're unhappy with this arrangement. > We're not very happy with this arrangement.
 I'm unconvinced. > I'm not totally convinced.

Using positive adjectives makes you sound more positive - even when you use them in the negative!

4 Rephrased negatives 2: unable, not able, not in a position to.

 We won't accept anything less. > We're not in a position to accept anything less.

Try to avoid using can't and won't. They make you sound powerless and obstructive.

5 Negative question forms. Negative question forms are incredibly powerful in negotiations. Questions
sound more persuasive. Use them to make suggestions and give warnings.

 Shouldn't we be working together on this?

 Wouldn’t it be better to…?

6 Comparatives: -er, more, less. The use of comparatives makes what you say sound more negotiable.

 We're looking for something cheap. > We're looking for something cheaper.

7 Introductory softeners: unfortunately, I'm afraid, to be honest, with respect, etc.

 This doesn't meet our needs. > Unfortunately, this doesn't meet our needs.
 You don't quite understand. > With respect, you don't quite understand.

These softeners warn that bad news is coming! They indicate that you are going to say something negative.
This doesn’t change the content of your message, but makes it easier for others to accept.

147
8 Restrictive phrases: at the moment, at this stage, so far, etc.

 That's our position. > That's our position at the moment.

Using a restrictive phrase does not exclude the possibility of future movement.

9 The passive sounds less like an accusation:

 NOT: You promised us.., BUT: We were promised…

10 Using the Past Continuous keeps your options open – you were aiming to reach agreement and still
are. The Past Perfect Continuous closes the door a little more – you've stopped hoping, but could be
persuaded to hope again.

 We aimed to reach agreement today. > We were aiming to reach agreement by today.
 We had hoped to see some movement on price. > We had been hoping to see some movement
on price.

11 Verbs patterns with recommend / suggest / advise

Examples:
recommend / suggest something I recommend you this.
recommend /suggest something to someone I recommend you doing this.
recommend / suggest (not) doing something
I recommend it that you do this.
recommend / suggest (that) someone do something
advise (not) doing something I advise you doing this.
advise someone (not) to do something
I advise that you to do this.
advise (not) doing something

148
 Appendix 1

1.4 List of irregular verbs

infinitive past simple past participle infinitive past simple past participle
be was/were been light lit lit
beat beat beaten lose lost lost
become became become make made made
begin began begun mean meant meant
bend bent bent meet met met
bet bet bet pay paid paid
bite bit bitten put put put
blow blew blown read read [red]* read [red]*
break broke broken ride rode ridden
bring brought brought ring rang rung
broadcast broadcast broadcast rise rose risen
build built built run ran run
burst burst burst say said said
buy bought bought see saw seen
catch caught caught seek sought sought
choose chose chosen sell sold sold
come came come send sent sent
cost cost cost set set set
creep crept crept sew sewed sewn/sewed
cut cut cut shake shook shaken
deal dealt dealt shine shone shone
dig dug dug shoot shot shot
do did done show showed shown/showed
draw drew drawn shrink shrank shrunk
drink drank drunk shut shut shut
drive drove driven sing sang sung
eat ate eaten sink sank sunk
fall fell fallen sit sat sat
feed fed fed sleep slept slept
feel felt felt slide slid slid
fight fought fought speak spoke spoken
find found found spend spent spent
flee fled fled spit spat spat
fly flew flown split split split
forbid forbade forbidden spread spread spread
forget forgot forgotten spring sprang sprung
forgive forgave forgiven stand stood stood
freeze froze frozen steal stole stolen
get got got/gotten stick stuck stuck
give gave given sting stung stung
go went gone stink stank stunk
grow grew grown strike struck struck
hang hung hung swear swore sworn
have had had sweep swept swept
hear heard heard swim swam swum
hide hid hidden swing swung swung
hit hit hit take took taken
hold held held teach taught taught
hurt hurt hurt tear tore torn
keep kept kept tell told told
kneel knelt knelt think thought thought
know knew known throw threw thrown
lay laid laid understand understood understood
lead led led wake woke woken
leave left left wear wore worn
lend lent lent weep wept wept
let let let win won won
lie lay lain write wrote written
* pronunciation
149 293
 Appendix 2
Present and past tenses
simple continuous
present I do I am doing
present simple (→ Units 2–4) present continuous ( → Units 1, 3–4)
Anna often plays tennis. ‘Where’s Anna?’ ‘She’s playing tennis.’
I work in a bank, but I don’t enjoy it Please don’t disturb me now. I’m
much. working.
Do you like parties? Hello! Are you enjoying the party?
It doesn’t rain so much in summer. It isn’t raining at the moment.

present I have done I have been doing

perfect present perfect simple
(→ Units 7–8, 10–14)
Anna has played tennis many times.
I’ve lost my key. Have you seen it
anywhere?
How long have you and Sam known
each other?
a: Is it still raining?
b: No, it has stopped.
The house is dirty. I haven’t cleaned it
for weeks.
present perfect continuous
(→ Units 9–11)
Anna is tired. She has been playing
tennis.
You’re out of breath. Have you been
running?
How long have you been learning
English?
It’s still raining. It has been raining
all day.
I haven’t been feeling well recently.
Perhaps I should go to the doctor.

past I did I was doing

past simple (→ Units 5–6, 13–14)
Anna played tennis yesterday
afternoon.
I lost my key a few days ago.
There was a film on TV last night, but we
didn’t watch it.
What did you do when you finished
work yesterday?
past continuous (→ Unit 6)
I saw Anna at the sports centre
yesterday. She was playing tennis.
I dropped my key when I was trying to
open the door.
The TV was on, but we weren’t
watching it.
What were you doing at this time
yesterday?

past I had done I had been doing

perfect past perfect (→ Unit 15)
It wasn’t her first game of tennis. She
had played many times before.
They couldn’t get into the house
because they had lost the key.
past perfect continuous (→ Unit 16)
Anna was tired yesterday evening
because she had been playing tennis
in the afternoon.

The house was dirty because I hadn’t James decided to go to the doctor
cleaned it for weeks. because he hadn’t been feeling well.

For the passive, see Units 42–44.

294 150
Appendix 3
The future
3.1 List of future forms:

I’m leaving tomorrow. present continuous (→ Unit 19A)

My train leaves at 9.30. present simple (→ Unit 19B)
I’m going to leave tomorrow. (be) going to (→ Units 20, 23)
I’ll leave tomorrow. will (→ Units 21–23)
I’ll be leaving tomorrow. future continuous (→ Unit 24)
I’ll have left by this time tomorrow. future perfect (→ Unit 24)
I hope to see you before I leave tomorrow. present simple (→ Unit 25)

3.2 Future actions

We use the present continuous (I’m doing) for arrangements:
I’m leaving tomorrow. I’ve got my plane ticket. (already planned and arranged)
‘When are they getting married?’ ‘On 24 July.’
We use the present simple (I leave / it leaves etc.) for timetables, programmes etc. :
My train leaves at 11.30. (according to the timetable)
What time does the film begin?
We use (be) going to … to say what somebody has already decided to do:
I’ve decided not to stay here any longer. I’m going to leave tomorrow. (or I’m leaving
tomorrow.)
‘Your shoes are dirty.’ ‘Yes, I know. I’m going to clean them.’
We use will (’ll) when we decide or agree to do something at the time of speaking:
a: I don’t want you to stay here any longer.
b: OK. I’ll leave tomorrow. (B decides this at the time of speaking)
That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.
I won’t tell anybody what happened. I promise. (won’t = will not)

3.3 Future happenings and situations

Most often we use will to talk about future happenings (‘something will happen’) or situations
(‘something will be’):
I don’t think John is happy at work. I think he’ll leave soon.
This time next year I’ll be in Japan. Where will you be?
We use (be) going to when the situation now shows what is going to happen in the future:
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. (you can see the clouds now)

3.4 Future continuous and future perfect

Will be (do)ing = will be in the middle of (doing something):
This time next week I’ll be on holiday. I’ll be lying on a beach or swimming in the sea.
We also use will be -ing for future actions (see Unit 24C):
What time will you be leaving tomorrow?
We use will have (done) to say that something will already be complete before a time in the future:
I won’t be here this time tomorrow. I’ll have already left.

3.5 We use the present (not will) after when/if/while/before etc. (see Unit 25):
I hope to see you before I leave tomorrow. (not before I will leave)
When you are in London again, come and see us. (not When you will be)
If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late.

151 295
 Appendix 6
Spelling
6.1 Nouns, verbs and adjectives can have the following endings:
noun + -s/-es (plural) books ideas matches
verb + -s/-es (after he/she/it) works enjoys washes
verb + -ing working enjoying washing
verb + -ed worked enjoyed washed
adjective + -er (comparative) cheaper quicker brighter
adjective + -est (superlative) cheapest quickest brightest
adjective + -ly (adverb) cheaply quickly brightly

When we use these endings, there are sometimes changes in spelling. These changes are listed below.

6.2 Nouns and verbs + -s/-es

The ending is -es when the word ends in -s/-ss/-sh/-ch/-x:
bus/buses miss/misses wash/washes
match/matches search/searches box/boxes
Note also:
potato/potatoes tomato/tomatoes
do/does go/goes

6.3 Words ending in -y (baby, carry, easy etc.)

If a word ends in a consonant* + y (-by/-ry/-sy/-vy etc.)
y changes to ie before the ending -s:
baby/babies story/stories country/countries secretary/secretaries
hurry/hurries study/studies apply/applies try/tries
y changes to i before the ending -ed:
hurry/hurried study/studied apply/applied try/tried
y changes to i before the endings -er and -est:
easy/easier/easiest heavy/heavier/heaviest lucky/luckier/luckiest
y changes to i before the ending -ly:
easy/easily heavy/heavily temporary/temporarily

y does not change before -ing:

hurrying studying applying trying
y does not change if the word ends in a vowel* + y (-ay/-ey/-oy/-uy):
play/plays/played monkey/monkeys enjoy/enjoys/enjoyed buy/buys
An exception is: day/daily
Note also: pay/paid lay/laid say/said

6.4 Verbs ending in -ie (die, lie, tie)

If a verb ends in -ie, ie changes to y before the ending -ing:
die/dying lie/lying tie/tying

* a e i o u are vowel letters.

The other letters (b c d f g etc.) are consonant letters.

298 152
 Appendix 6

6.5 Words ending in -e (hope, dance, wide etc.)

Verbs
If a verb ends in -e, we leave out e before the ending -ing:
hope/hoping smile/smiling dance/dancing confuse/confusing
Exceptions are be/being and verbs ending in -ee:
see/seeing agree/agreeing
If a verb ends in -e, we add -d for the past (of regular verbs):
hope/hoped smile/smiled dance/danced confuse/confused

Adjectives and adverbs

If an adjective ends in -e, we add -r and -st for the comparative and superlative:
wide/wider/widest late/later/latest large/larger/largest
If an adjective ends in -e, we keep e before -ly in the adverb:
polite/politely extreme/extremely absolute/absolutely
If an adjective ends in -le (simple, terrible etc.), the adverb ending is -ply, -bly etc. :
simple/simply terrible/terribly reasonable/reasonably

6.6 Doubling consonants (stop/stopping/stopped, wet/wetter/wettest etc.)

Sometimes a word ends in vowel + consonant. For example:
stop plan rub big wet thin prefer regret
Before the endings -ing/-ed/-er/-est, we double the consonant at the end. So p → pp, n → nn etc.
For example:
stop p → pp stopping stopped
plan n → nn planning planned
rub b → bb rubbing rubbed
big g → gg bigger biggest
wet t → tt wetter wettest
thin n → nn thinner thinnest

If the word has more than one syllable (prefer, begin etc.), we double the consonant at the end only if
the final syllable is stressed:
preFER / preferring / preferred perMIT / permitting / permitted
reGRET / regretting / regretted beGIN / beginning
If the final syllable is not stressed, we do not double the final consonant:
VISit / visiting / visited deVELop / developing / developed
HAPpen / happening / happened reMEMber / remembering / remembered
In British English, verbs ending in -l have -ll- before -ing and -ed whether the final syllable is stressed
or not:
travel / travelling / travelled cancel / cancelling / cancelled
For American spelling, see Appendix 7.

Note that
we do not double the final consonant if the word ends in two consonants (-rt, -lp, -ng etc.):
start / starting / started help / helping / helped long / longer / longest
we do not double the final consonant if there are two vowel letters before it (-oil, -eed etc.):
boil / boiling / boiled need / needing / needed explain / explaining / explained
cheap / cheaper / cheapest loud / louder / loudest quiet / quieter / quietest
we do not double y or w at the end of words. (At the end of words y and w are not consonants.)
stay / staying / stayed grow / growing new / newer / newest
153 299
 Used to

Life Changes
Write short answers (one or two words) to the questions
below. Write your answers in a random order in the speech
bubbles.

• a place you used to go to all the time

• something you used to be really into
• a kind of food you didn't use to eat but now you do
• something you are getting used to
• something you used to have but now you don't
• a game you used to play when you were younger
• a city you think you could get used to living in
• something that you used to do that you wish you still did
• an activity you don't do as much as you used to
• something you used to really want when you were younger
• a place you used to go on holiday
• something that took you a long time to get used to

154
Unit 10 Passives quiz SB p79

I Student A I Student B I

I When / the first Harry Potter book / write? I Where / the first underground / build?
a 1997 b 2001 c 2005 a 1997 b 2001 c 2005

2 Where / Welsh / speak / outside Wales? 2 When / eBay / launch?

a Peru b Portugal C Patagonia a 1994 b 1995 c 1996

3 When / antibiotics / introduce? 3 Where / Ducati motorbikes / make?

a 19205 b 19505 C 19305 a Italy b Spain c Romania

4 Where / the Olympics / hold / in 2008?

4 When / the euro / introduce?
a Tokyo b Beijing c Seoul a 1999 b 2002 c 2003

5 When / the credit card / invent? 5 Where / The Lord of the Rings / film?
a 1950 b 1960 c 1970 a Iceland b New Zealand c Russia

6 Where / Volvo cars / make?

a Switzerland b Slovenia C Sweden
6 When / the printing press / invent?
a 14305 b 15305 C 18305

7 When / the Soviet Union / break up? 7 Where / haggis / eat?

a 2001 b 1991 C 1981 a Turkey b Poland c Scotland

8 Where / ice cream / first / produce?

8 When / Facebook / create?
a China b Italy C the USA a 2004 b 2005 c 2008

9 When / the Burj Khalifa / build? 9 Where / World Cup / hold / in 2010?
a 1990 b 1999 C 2009 a Australia b South Africa c Mexico

10 Where / the Internet / first / develop? 10 When / aspirin / first / use?

a the USA b Russia c the UK a 15th century b 17th century c 4th century BC
I
I
I

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X m
 Imagine
Resource 27 6.2 Grammar (Second Conditional)

1 If you could travel to any country

in the world, where would you go?
2 If you had the chance to learn
a new sport, what would you
You Your partner choose?

You Your partner

3 If you were an animal, which

animal would you be?

You Your partner 4 If you had your perfect job, what

would it be?

You Your partner

5 How would you celebrate your

next birthday if you could do
anything you wanted?

6 What would you buy first if you

You Your partner won the lottery?

You Your partner

7 If you could meet a famous

person, who would you want to
meet?

You Your partner

8 If you had a superpower, what

would it be?
9 If you didn’t have any money
and you wanted to buy something
You Your partner new, what would you do?

10 If you had to learn another

foreign language, which one You Your partner
would you learn?

You Your partner

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 Just imagine!
Resource 32 6.2 Grammar (Second Conditional, wish/if only)

1 2 3 4

The neighbours You don’t

You aren’t very
START are making a lot understand your
good at football.
of noise. Maths homework.
(WOULD) (IF I ...) (IF ONLY ...) (I WISH ...)
5

(IF I ...)
10 9 8 7 6
You love the sea There’s a mosquito You don’t have You love
but you live in the in your room and a laptop. strawberries, but
mountains. you can’t sleep. you are allergic to
them.
(I WISH ...) (IF ONLY ...) (I WISH ...) (IF ONLY ...) (IF A BEE ...)
11

(IF I ...)
12 13 14 15 16
Your brother often You are very
There’s a good film borrows your MP3 clumsy.
on TV but you have player without
a lot of homework. asking.
(IF ONLY ...) (I WISH ...) (IF I ...) (IF I ...) (I WISH ...)
17
You want to be
a famous singer but
you are not good at
singing.
(IF ONLY ...)
22 21 20 19 18
You haven’t got You are allergic to Your parents don’t
any money. dogs, so you can’t allow you to stay
have one. You love out late at the
dogs! weekends.
(IF I ...) (IF ONLY ...) (IF I ...) (IF I ...) (I WISH ...)

FINISH

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Have you ever…
Mingle with other students and find out the information to complete the chart.

Have you ever fallen down

the stairs?
When did it happen?

What did you do next?

Names/Information
•fallen down the stairs?

•lied about not doing something you

were supposed to do?
•swam in ice-cold water?

•eaten frog legs, or some other

strange food?
•faked being sick so you could stay
home or come home from work?
•pretended to speak a foreign
language you don’t know?
•lost part of your bathing suit?

•have you ever made up a story to get

out of a traffic ticket?
•made a prank phone call?

•been kicked or bitten by an animal?

•sung in the shower or on the toilet?

•spied on your neighbors?

•dyed your hair, and it didn’t turn out

well?

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 How good have you been?

Have you
ever lied to
your boss?

Have you ever

skived off
English
classes?

159
 Passive

Morcheeba - Rome wasn't built in a day

You and me, were 1___________ to be,

Walking free, in 2_____________,
One fine day, we'll fly away,
Don't you know that Rome wasn't built in a day,
Hey hey hey.
In this day and 3__________ it's so easy to stress,
'Cause people act strange and you can never second
4_________,
In order to love, child, we got to be strong,
I'm 5__________ in the cross fire,
Why can't we get along.
'Cause you and me, were 6___________ to be,
Walking free, in 7___________,
One fine day, we'll fly away,
Don't you know that Rome wasn't built in a day,
hey hey hey.
I'm having a day 8___________, we are getting somewhere,
I'm kissing your lips and running fingers 9___________ your hair,
I'm as nervous as you, bout making it right,
Well we know we were wrong, we can't give up the 10__________.
(oh no)
'Cause you and me, were 11___________ to be,
Walking free, in 12_____________,
One fine day, we'll run away,
Don't you know that Rome wasn't built in a day,
Hey hey hey
You and me
Were 13___________ to be
Walking free
In 14_____________
One fine day
We'll fly away
Don't you know that Rome wasn't built in a day

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 Conditional 2

Frans - _____________________

I'd 1_________ thru the desert on my hands and

2__________
Rehearsing my pretty please
Climb the highest mountain
If I were sorry

3____________ it from the top

Swim under water until my 4________ exploded
Walk into the fire
If I were sorry
Swim across the ocean
I 5________ run a thousand miles If I were sorry
Wouldn't stop until I 6__________
Wouldn't take a 7________ to breathe until I got I'd take a 10___________ of silence
close enough I wouldn't say a single word
Until you really heard
Then I'd do it all again If I were sorry
If I really had the chance
But I know deep inside for you it's just another, I 11________ run a thousand miles
dance Wouldn't stop until I 12___________
Wouldn't take a 13________ to breathe
If I were sorry until I, I got close enough
I'd give you all the glory
If I were sorry If I were sorry
I'd give you all the glory
If I were sorry If I were sorry
It would be a different story
If I were sorry
If I were sorry It would be a different story
If I were sorry oh If I were sorry oh
I'd 8_________ my 9________ 'til my face 14_________ did you ever realize
turned blue That your mistake had a prize
I'd rob a bank and the post office too Oh you threw it all away
15__________ you're the devil in disguise

Now would you ever realize

The consequences of your lies
And would you save the falling 16_______
or act as if
There's nothing there

If I were sorry
(If I were sorry)

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 Tenses

Chris De Burgh -- Lady In Red

forget see gorgeous half breath utter where

want be do cheek turn

I’ve (never) 1____________ you looking so lovely as you 2______

tonight
I've never seen you shine so bright
I've never seen so many men ask you if you 3___________ to dance
They're looking for a little romance, given 4_________ a chance
And I have never seen that dress you 5________ wearing
Or the highlights in your hair that catch your eyes
I have been blind
The lady in red is dancing with me, 6_________ to 7__________
There's nobody here, it's just you and me
It's 8___________ I want to be
But I hardly know this beauty by my side
I'll never 9_________ the way you look tonight
I've never seen you looking so 10______________ as you did tonight
I've never seen you shine so bright, you 11_________ amazing
I've never seen so many people want to be there by your side
And when you 12__________ to me and smiled, it took my 13________ away
And I have never had such a feeling
Such a feeling of complete and 14___________ love, as I do tonight
The lady in red is dancing with me, 15__________ to 16__________
There's nobody here, it's just you and me
It's where I want to be
But I hardly know this beauty by my side
I'll never 17__________ the way you look tonight
I never will 18__________ the way you look tonight
The lady in red, the lady in red
The lady in red, my lady in red

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