R O M A N I A

UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRONOMICE ŞI MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ

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Specializarea: management/ inginerie economică în agricultură/ dezvoltare rurală

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Much has been written about the ‘Dutch agricultural miracle’. While the Netherlands experienced hunger
and significant food shortages in the aftermath of the Second World War, it has transformed itself in little
under 70 years to become one of the largest net exporters of agricultural products world-wide, second
only to the United States. Despite being one of the smallest countries in Europe, the Netherlands now
supplies a quarter of the vegetables that are exported from the continent. Left out of this story are some
of the downsides of the Netherlands’ transformation into an agricultural powerhouse. It is true that –
contrary to the large-scale farming model of countries such as the US, Canada, and Brazil – Dutch
agricultural growth has been achieved on still relatively small but highly capitalised, hyper-efficient,
high-tech farms. The deployment of modern techniques of agricultural management to these farms has
allowed them to achieve remarkably high levels of productivity. Too often, the deployment of ‘modern
agricultural techniques’ is synonymous with a form of industrial agriculture, heavily reliant on the use of
agro-chemicals. This has had profound negative environmental impacts: agro-chemicals are responsible
for 25% of groundwater pollution. It is also a model geared towards evermore intensive forms of
production. The recent backlash against ‘mega stallen’ ‘mega barns’ of intensive indoor livestock
rearing in the south of the Netherlands is one example of this. The intensification of production methods
has heightened risks for both animal and human health. In the past two decades, the Dutch livestock
industry has had to deal with multiple outbreaks of animal diseases including swine fever, foot and
mouth disease, Q fever, and birdflu. Several people have been ill and have died as a result of Q fever.
More generally, there is a concern about the absence of a people-centred approach to farming. At the
same time as Dutch agriculture has become increasingly capitalised over the years, farmgate prices have
fallen dramatically with the withdrawal of price supports and production based subsidies. Relative costs
of production have skyrocketed. As a result, many Dutch farmers are reliant on loans from the bank.
This has led to a situation of high indebtedness: in 2012, the total Dutch agricultural debt was estimated
at 42 billion euros – or 60,000 euros per farmholding. These debts are the cause of significant stress
among farmers, leading many to give up and decreasing the appeal of farming for the next generation.
This is reflected in the dwindling number of farms in the Netherlands which has fallen from 410,000 in
1950 to just 55,000 in 2017. In the past 35 years, the number of farms has halved. On average, 6 farmers
exit agriculture a day. (2.797)