x_ = 2x + 3y

y_ = 2x + y

2 3
2 1
3
1 2
, eigenvectors: $ 1; $ 4,
1 1

eigenvalues: 4; 1

x_ = 4x + y + z
y_ = x + 5y z
z_ = y 3z

2 3
4 11
4 1 5 1 5
0 1 3
82 39 82 39 82 39
< 1 = < 10 = < 1 =
, eigenvectors: 4 0 5 $ 3; 4 1 5 $ 4; 4 8 5 $ 5,
: ; : ; : ;
1 1 1

eigenvalues: 4; 5; 3

2 3
1 2 2
x_ = 4 2 1 2 5x
2 2 1
8 9 8 9
< 1 1 = < 1 =
, eigenvectors: 1 ; 0 $ 1; 1 $ 5,
: ; : ;
0 1 1

eigenvalues: 1; 5

3 18
x_ = x
2 9
,
eigenvalues: 3

1
 3 18 1 0 k1
+3
2 9 0 1 k2
6k1 18k2
: : :
2k1 6k2

3 18 1 0 p1 3
+3 =
2 9 0 1 p2 1
6p1 18p2 3
: =
2p1 6p2 1

x_ = 6x y
y_ = 5x + 4y

6 1
5 4

1 2
Re 5 5i
1
1 2 2
B1 = Im 5 5i = 5
1 0
:
2
B2 = 5
0
1 1 2 1
5 5 5i 5 + 25 i
: , eigenvectors: $5 2i; $ 5 + 2i
1 1 1

1 2
= 5 cos 2t 5 sin 2t e5t
1 0
2 1
= 5 cos 2t + 5 sin 2t e5t
0 1

1 2 2 1
x1 = c1 5 cos 2t 5 sin 2t e5t + c2 5 cos 2t + 5 sin 2t e5t
1 0 0 1

1
c1 e5t 5 cos 2t 25 sin 2t + c2 e5t 25 cos 2t + 1
5 sin 2t
: x=
c1 (cos 2t) e5t + c2 e5t sin 2t

2
 1
t = 0 cuando x =
0
1 2
1 c1 e5 0
5 cos 2 0 5 sin 2 0 + c2 e5 0 25 cos 2 0 + 1
5 sin 0
=
0 c1 (cos 0) e0 + c2 e0 sin 0
:
1 2
1 5 5 c1
=
0 1 0 c2
1 2 1
5 5 1 c1
=
1 0 0 c2

c1 0
= 5
c2 2

5 5t 2
2e 5 cos 2t + 51 sin 2t
x= 5 5t
2e sin 2t
:

2 8
x_ = x
1 2
2 + 2i 2 2i
, eigenvectors: $ 2i; $ 2i
1 1

2 2
= cos 2t sin 2t
1 0
2 2
= cos 2t + sin 2t
0 1

2 cos 2t 2 sin 2t 2 cos 2t 2 sin 2t

: f: :
sin 2t sin 2t

2 2 2 2
x = c1 cos 2t sin 2t + c2 cos 2t + sin 2t
1 0 0 1