THE ILIAD

WEBSTER'S KOREAN THESAURUS

EDITION
for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Homer

TOEFL, TOEIC, AP and Advanced Placement are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has
neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.
 The Iliad
Webster's Korean
Thesaurus Edition
for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test
Preparation

Homer

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which
has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.
ii

ICON CLASSICS

Published by ICON Group International, Inc.

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www.icongrouponline.com

The Iliad: Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test
Preparation

This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005

Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved.

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TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing
Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

ISBN 0-497-91391-7
 iii

Contents
PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1
BOOK I ............................................................................................................................. 2
BOOK II .......................................................................................................................... 16
BOOK III ......................................................................................................................... 36
BOOK IV ......................................................................................................................... 47
BOOK V .......................................................................................................................... 59
BOOK VI ......................................................................................................................... 80
BOOK VII........................................................................................................................ 92
BOOK VIII..................................................................................................................... 103
BOOK IX....................................................................................................................... 116
BOOK X ........................................................................................................................ 132
BOOK XI....................................................................................................................... 145
BOOK XII...................................................................................................................... 165
BOOK XIII..................................................................................................................... 176
BOOK XIV..................................................................................................................... 196
BOOK XV...................................................................................................................... 209
BOOK XVI..................................................................................................................... 227
BOOK XVII.................................................................................................................... 248
BOOK XVIII................................................................................................................... 266
BOOK XIX..................................................................................................................... 281
BOOK XX...................................................................................................................... 291
BOOK XXI..................................................................................................................... 303
BOOK XXII.................................................................................................................... 318
BOOK XXIII .................................................................................................................. 331
BOOK XXIV .................................................................................................................. 352
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 372
 Homer 1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR

Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in
English courses. By using a running English-to-Korean thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this
edition of The Iliad by Homer was edited for three audiences. The first includes Korean-speaking
students enrolled in an English Language Program (ELP), an English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
program, an English as a Second Language Program (ESL), or in a TOEFL® or TOEIC®
preparation program. The second audience includes English-speaking students enrolled in bilingual
education programs or Korean speakers enrolled in English speaking schools. The third audience
consists of students who are actively building their vocabularies in Korean in order to take foreign
service, translation certification, Advanced Placement® (AP®)1 or similar examinations. By using
the Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition when assigned for an English course, the reader can enrich
their vocabulary in anticipation of an examination in Korean or English.

Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of
difficult and potentially ambiguous English words. Rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are
given lower priority compared to “difficult, yet commonly used” words. Rather than supply a single
translation, many words are translated for a variety of meanings in Korean, allowing readers to
better grasp the ambiguity of English, and avoid them using the notes as a pure translation crutch.
Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary
retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If
a difficult word is not translated on a page, chances are that it has been translated on a previous
page. A more complete glossary of translations is supplied at the end of the book; translations are
extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary.

Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online-

dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to websters@icongroupbooks.com

The Editor
Webster’s Online Dictionary
www.websters-online-dictionary.org

1
TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which
has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.
2 The Iliad

BOOK I

Sing, %O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless
ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades,
and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the
counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men,
and great Achilles, first fell out with one another.
And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? It was the son of
Jove and Leto; for he was angry with the king and sent a pestilence upon the
host to plague the people, because the son of Atreus had dishonoured Chryses
his priest. Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his
daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his
hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath, and he besought
the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus, who were their chiefs.
“Sons of Atreus,” he cried, “and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell
in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in
safety; but free my daughter, and accept a ransom for her, in reverence to
Apollo, son of Jove.”
On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest
and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke
fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. “Old man,” said he, “let me not find

Korean
dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이 ransom: 몸값, 속죄하다, 공갈, 의 sack: 약탈, 마대, 약탈하다, 해고,
생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히 몸값을 요구하다, 의 배상금을 잠자리, 주머니 부대, 부대, 침낭, 누,
발음하다, 길게논하다, 요구하다, 포로의 몸값, 몸값을 큰 자루, 퇴짜.
곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다, 치르고 석방됨, 배상금을 치르고 sceptre: 왕권, 왕위, 왕위에 앉히다,
머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다. 사람을 되찾다, 사람을 되찾다, 에게 홀.
fiercely: 맹렬하게, 지독하게, 사납게. 몸값을 요구하다, 에게 배상금을 wreath: 화환, 화관, 원형, 원,
goddess: 여신. 요구하다. 소용돌이.
hero: 영웅, 주인공, 용사, 신인. respecting: 에 관하여. wreathed: 고리로 만드는.
moreover: 더욱이, 그 위에. reverence: 존경, 존경하다, 위덕, 님,
pestilence: 페스트, 평화를 파괴하는, 경례, 숭상, 숭상하다, 신부님, 경의,
치명적인, 악성 유행병, 성가신. 위엄, 경계.
 Homer 3

you%tarrying about our ships, nor yet coming hereafter. Your sceptre of the god
and your wreath shall profit you nothing. I will not free her. She shall grow old
in my house at Argos far from her own home, busying herself with her loom and
visiting my couch; so go, and do not provoke me or it shall be the worse for
you.”
The old man feared him and obeyed. Not a word he spoke, but went by the
shore of the sounding sea and prayed apart to King Apollo whom lovely Leto
had borne. “Hear me,” he cried, “O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse
and holy Cilla and rulest Tenedos with thy might, hear me oh thou of Sminthe. If
I have ever decked your temple with garlands, or burned your thigh-bones in fat
of bulls or goats, grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears
upon the Danaans.”
Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He came down furious from
the summits of Olympus, with his bow and his quiver upon his shoulder, and
the arrows rattled on his back with the rage that trembled within him. He sat
himself down away from the ships with a face as dark as night, and his silver
bow rang death as he shot his arrow in the midst of them. First he smote their
mules and their hounds, but presently he aimed his shafts at the people
themselves, and all day long the pyres of the dead were burning.
For nine whole days he shot his arrows among the people, but upon the tenth
day Achilles called them in assembly—moved thereto by Juno, who saw the
Achaeans in their death-throes and had compassion upon them. Then, when they
were got together, he rose and spoke among them.
“Son of Atreus,” said he, “I deem that we should now turn roving home if we
would escape destruction, for we are being cut down by war and pestilence at
once. Let us ask some priest or prophet, or some reader of dreams (for dreams,
too, are of Jove) who can tell us why Phoebus Apollo is so angry, and say
whether it is for some vow that we have broken, or hecatomb that we have not
offered, and whether he will accept the savour of lambs and goats without
blemish, so as to take away the plague from us.”

Korean
arrows: 화살. hereafter: 내세에서, 금후, 앞으로, 연방, 먼과녁쏘기, ㅏ랑, 조방사,
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, 이후. 산만한.
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, loom: 베틀, 직기, 어렴풋이 보다, savour: 맛, 기미, 의 기미가있다, 다소
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 어렴풋이 나타나다, 어렴풋이 나타남, -의 맛이나다, 흥미, 맛을 내다,
하다. 불안스럽게 다가오다, 위험 따위가 맛보다, 맛이 있다, 아취, 풍미.
blemish: 흠, 손상하다, 결점, 불안스럽게 다가오다, 직조기, thereto: 그밖에 다시, 거기에, 거기에
완전함을 손상하다, 아름다움을 걱정거리 따위가 불안스럽게 더하여, 또, 게다가 또, 그것에.
손상하다. 다가오다. vow: 맹세, 단언하다, 서원, 맹세하다,
deem: 생각하다, 으로 생각하다. quiver: 떨림, 떨게 하다, 화살통, 진동, 서약, 할 것을 맹세하다, 약속하다,
hecatomb: 대학살, 큰희생, 황소 백 전통, 떨다, 전동, 흔들리다. 서약하다, 맹세의 내용, 기원, 맹세의
마리의 제물, 다수의 희생. roving: 이동하는, 방랑하는, 헤매는, 행위.
4 The Iliad

With these words he sat down, and Calchas son of Thestor, wisest of augurs,
who knew things past present and to come, rose to speak. He it was who had
guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with
which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him. With all sincerity and goodwill he
addressed them thus:—
“Achilles, loved of heaven, you bid me tell you about the anger of King
Apollo, I will therefore do so; but consider first and swear that you will stand by
me heartily in word and deed, for I know that I shall offend one who rules the
Argives with might, to whom all the Achaeans are in subjection. A plain man
cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now,
will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it. Consider, therefore, whether or no
you will protect me.”%
And Achilles answered, “Fear not, but speak as it is borne in upon you from
heaven, for by Apollo, Calchas, to whom you pray, and whose oracles you reveal
to us, not a Danaan at our ships shall lay his hand upon you, while I yet live to
look upon the face of the earth—no, not though you name Agamemnon himself,
who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans.”
Thereon the seer spoke boldly. “The god,” he said, “is angry neither about
vow nor hecatomb, but for his priest’s sake, whom Agamemnon has
dishonoured, in that he would not free his daughter nor take a ransom for her;
therefore has he sent these evils upon us, and will yet send others. He will not
deliver the Danaans from this pestilence till Agamemnon has restored the girl
without fee or ransom to her father, and has sent a holy hecatomb to Chryse.
Thus we may perhaps appease him.”
With these words he sat down, and Agamemnon rose in anger. His heart was
black with rage, and his eyes flashed fire as he scowled on Calchas and said,
“Seer of evil, you never yet prophesied smooth things concerning me, but have
ever loved to foretell that which was evil. You have brought me neither comfort
nor performance; and now you come seeing among Danaans, and saying that
Apollo has plagued us because I would not take a ransom for this girl, the
daughter of Chryses. I have set my heart on keeping her in my own house, for I

appease: 달래다, 누그러지게 하다,
채우다, 가라앉히다, 양보하다,
풀어주다.
boldly: 대담하게, 뻔뻔스럽게, 뚜렷이.
borne: 시야가 좁은, 마음이 좁은.
deed: 행위, 실행, 행동, 업적, 증서.
displeasure: 불쾌.
foremost: 일류의, 맨앞의, 맨 먼저, 맨
처음의, 으뜸가는, 일류가는.
foretell: 예고하다, 예언하다, 예고
하다, 예시 하다, 예언 하다.
Korean
goodwill: 호의, 영업권, 단골, 동정. 과오를 범하다, 남의 감정을 상하게
guided: 안내를 받은. 하다.
heartily: 마음으로부터, 열의를 갖고, seer: 보는 사람, 예언자, 점쟁이,
정중히, 매우, 배불리, 마음으로, 환상가, 시어, 천리안.
기운차게. sincerity: 성실, 성의, 정직.
holy: 신성한, 거룩한, 성인 같은. subjection: 복종, 정복, 종속,
offend: 싫은, 감정을 해치다, 죄를 좌지우지됨, 의존함, 좌우됨.
범하다, 예의 따위를 위반하다, 죄를 swallow: 참다, 제비, 식도,
짓게 하다, 정의감 따위를 빨아들이다, 취소하다, 삼킴, 한 모금,
손상시키다, 감정을 상하게 하다, 삼키다, 받아들이다, 억누르다,
위반하다, 감각 따위를 손상시키다, 곧이듣다.
 Homer 5

love her better even than my own wife Clytemnestra, whose peer she is alike in
form and feature, in understanding and accomplishments. Still I will give her up
if I must, for I would have the people live, not die; but you must find me a prize
instead, or I alone among the Argives shall be without one. This is not well; for
you behold, all of you, that my prize is to go elsewhither.”%
And Achilles answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all
mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize? We have no common
store from which to take one. Those we took from the cities have been awarded;
we cannot disallow the awards that have been made already. Give this girl,
therefore, to the god, and if ever Jove grants us to sack the city of Troy we will
requite you three and fourfold.”
Then Agamemnon said, “Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus
outwit me. You shall not overreach and you shall not persuade me. Are you to
keep your own prize, while I sit tamely under my loss and give up the girl at
your bidding? Let the Achaeans find me a prize in fair exchange to my liking, or
I will come and take your own, or that of Ajax or of Ulysses; and he to
whomsoever I may come shall rue my coming. But of this we will take thought
hereafter; for the present, let us draw a ship into the sea, and find a crew for her
expressly; let us put a hecatomb on board, and let us send Chryseis also; further,
let some chief man among us be in command, either Ajax, or Idomeneus, or
yourself, son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice
and appease the the anger of the god.”
Achilles scowled at him and answered, “You are steeped in insolence and
lust of gain. With what heart can any of the Achaeans do your bidding, either on
foray or in open fighting? I came not warring here for any ill the Trojans had
done me. I have no quarrel with them. They have not raided my cattle nor my
horses, nor cut down my harvests on the rich plains of Phthia; for between me
and them there is a great space, both mountain and sounding sea. We have
followed you, Sir Insolence! for your pleasure, not ours—to gain satisfaction
from the Trojans for your shameless self and for Menelaus. You forget this, and
threaten to rob me of the prize for which I have toiled, and which the sons of the

accomplishments: 교양.
behold: 보다.
covetous: 몹시 탐내는, 탐욕스러운,
열망하는.
disallow: 허가하지 않다, 부인하다,
각하하다.
foray: 침략하다, 침략, 약탈하다, 약탈.
insolence: 오만, 무례, 거만함, 건방진,
건방진태도, 거만.
liking: 기호, 좋아함.
lust: 육욕, 열망, 색정, 강한 욕망,
Korean
갈망, 열망하다, 색욕을 일으키다, 보답하다.
갈망하다. shameless: 파렴치한, 부끄러움을
outwit: 손수치다, 의 허를 찌르다, 의 모르는, 수치를 모르는, 풍속을
의표를 찌르다. 문란케 하는.
overreach: 지나쳐 가다, 퍼지다, steeped: 깊이 스며든, 액체에 담근,
속이다, 두루 미치다, 감쪽 같이 뒤덮인, 둘러싸인.
속이다, 남을 감쪽 같이 속이다, tamely: 거칠게, 길들어서,
지나치게 뻗다, 손발 따위를 지나치게 야성적으로, 유순하게.
뻗다, 지나쳐 넘다. valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
requite: 보답하다, 보복하다, warring: 서로 싸우는, 양립하지 않는,
답례하다, 복수하다, 보상하다, 에 적대하는, 투쟁하는, 전쟁 수행.
6 The Iliad

Achaeans have given me. Never when the Achaeans sack any rich city of the
Trojans do I receive so good a prize as you do, though it is my hands that do the
better part of the fighting. When the sharing comes, your share is far the largest,
and I, forsooth, must go back to my ships, take what I can get and be thankful,
when my labour of fighting is done. Now, therefore, I shall go back to Phthia; it
will be much better for me to return home with my ships, for I will not stay here
dishonoured to gather gold and substance for you.”%
And Agamemnon answered, “Fly if you will, I shall make you no prayers to
stay you. I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord
of counsel. There is no king here so hateful to me as you are, for you are ever
quarrelsome and ill- affected. What though you be brave? Was it not heaven that
made you so? Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the
Myrmidons. I care neither for you nor for your anger; and thus will I do: since
Phoebus Apollo is taking Chryseis from me, I shall send her with my ship and
my followers, but I shall come to your tent and take your own prize Briseis, that
you may learn how much stronger I am than you are, and that another may fear
to set himself up as equal or comparable with me.”
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was
divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside, and kill the son of
Atreus, or to restrain himself and check his anger. While he was thus in two
minds, and was drawing his mighty sword from its scabbard, Minerva came
down from heaven (for Juno had sent her in the love she bore to them both), and
seized the son of Peleus by his yellow hair, visible to him alone, for of the others
no man could see her. Achilles turned in amaze, and by the fire that flashed
from her eyes at once knew that she was Minerva. “Why are you here,” said he,
“daughter of aegis-bearing Jove? To see the pride of Agamemnon, son of Atreus?
Let me tell you—and it shall surely be—he shall pay for this insolence with his
life.”
And Minerva said, “I come from heaven, if you will hear me, to bid you stay
your anger. Juno has sent me, who cares for both of you alike. Cease, then, this
brawling, and do not draw your sword; rail at him if you will, and your railing

Korean
achilles: 아킬레스. 지긋지긋한, 가증스런, 가증스러운, 말리다, 수감하다, 방지하다.
alike: 똑같은, 같은, 같게, 같이, 서로 미워할만한. scabbard: 칼집, 권총집, 집, 칼집에
같은. juno: 주노. 꽂다.
amaze: 경이감을 품게 하다, 깜짝 mighty: 거대한, 강대한, 굉장한, 힘센, seized: 점유한.
놀라게 하다, 놀래다, 놀리다, 몹시 위대한, 몹시, 센, 물체가 센, 사람이 shaggy: 털복숭이의, 털이 더부룩한,
놀라게 하다, 감탄하게 하다. 센. 털 북숭이의, 길고 부드러운 털이
brawling: 떠들썩한, 시끄러운, quarrelsome: 싸움 좋아하는, 싸움을 있는, 털이 많은, 풀숲이 많은, 얽히고
요란한. 좋아하는. 설킨.
forsooth: 정말, 참말이지. restrain: 구속하다, 억제하다, sword: 검, 무력, 전쟁, 칼, 총검.
hands: 소유, 일군. 제지하다, 감금하다, 자유를 빼앗다, thankful: 감사하고 있는, 감사의,
hateful: 미운, 싫은, 증오에 찬, 속박하다, 못하게 하다, 누르다, 감사하는.
 Homer 7

will not be vain, for I tell you—and it shall surely be—that you shall hereafter
receive gifts three times as splendid by reason of this present insult. Hold,
therefore, and obey.”
“Goddess,” answered Achilles, “however angry a man may be, he must do as
you two command him. This will be best, for the gods ever hear the prayers of
him who has obeyed them.”
He stayed his hand on the silver hilt of his sword, and thrust it back into the
scabbard as Minerva bade him. Then she went back to Olympus among the other
gods, and to the house of aegis-bearing Jove.%
But the son of Peleus again began railing at the son of Atreus, for he was still
in a rage. “Wine-bibber,” he cried, “with the face of a dog and the heart of a hind,
you never dare to go out with the host in fight, nor yet with our chosen men in
ambuscade. You shun this as you do death itself. You had rather go round and
rob his prizes from any man who contradicts you. You devour your people, for
you are king over a feeble folk; otherwise, son of Atreus, henceforward you
would insult no man. Therefore I say, and swear it with a great oath—nay, by
this my sceptre which shalt sprout neither leaf nor shoot, nor bud anew from the
day on which it left its parent stem upon the mountains—for the axe stripped it
of leaf and bark, and now the sons of the Achaeans bear it as judges and
guardians of the decrees of heaven—so surely and solemnly do I swear that
hereafter they shall look fondly for Achilles and shall not find him. In the day of
your distress, when your men fall dying by the murderous hand of Hector, you
shall not know how to help them, and shall rend your heart with rage for the
hour when you offered insult to the bravest of the Achaeans.”
With this the son of Peleus dashed his gold-bestudded sceptre on the ground
and took his seat, while the son of Atreus was beginning fiercely from his place
upon the other side. Then uprose smooth-tongued Nestor, the facile speaker of
the Pylians, and the words fell from his lips sweeter than honey. Two
generations of men born and bred in Pylos had passed away under his rule, and
he was now reigning over the third. With all sincerity and goodwill, therefore,
he addressed them thus:—

Korean
ambuscade: 잠복, 매복, 복병, 복병 fondly: 어리석게도, 무르게, 비틀어 떼다, 찢다, 찌르다,
매복해두다 매복하다. 다정하게, 상냥하게, 맹신적으로, 분열시키다, 쥐어 뜯다, 괴롭히다,
anew: 재차, 다시, 새로이, 다시 한번. 귀여워하여, 귀여워해서. 떼어놓다, 산란하게 하다.
devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, henceforward: 차후, 이후, 금후. shalt: 직설법 현재.
개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, hilt: 완전히, 칼자루, 자루. shun: 차렷, 기피하다, 피하다.
개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, railing: 난간, 레일, 폭언, 놀림, smooth-tongued: 감언이설의, 구변이
게걸스레 먹다. 울타리, 가로장, 울, 욕지거리, 좋은.
facile: 고분고분한, 손쉬운, 경솔한, 레일재료, 그 자료, 욕설. sprout: 싹양배추, 기르다, 싹이 트다,
용이한, 잘 돌아가는, 힘들지 않는, 잘 reigning: 군림하는, 널리 퍼져 있는, 의 싹을 따다, 싹트게 하다, 갑자기
지껄이는, 유창한, 양순한, 쉽사리 널리 유행하는, 세도를 부리는. 자라다, 새싹, 싹, 싹을 따다, 젊은이,
얻을 수 있는, 쉬운. rend: 쪼개지다, 째지다, 강탈하다, 싹트다.
8 The Iliad

“Of%a truth,” he said, “a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land. Surely
Priam with his sons would rejoice, and the Trojans be glad at heart if they could
hear this quarrel between you two, who are so excellent in fight and counsel. I
am older than either of you; therefore be guided by me. Moreover I have been
the familiar friend of men even greater than you are, and they did not disregard
my counsels. Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas
shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and
Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals. These were the mightiest men
ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest
tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them. I came from distant
Pylos, and went about among them, for they would have me come, and I fought
as it was in me to do. Not a man now living could withstand them, but they
heard my words, and were persuaded by them. So be it also with yourselves, for
this is the more excellent way. Therefore, Agamemnon, though you be strong,
take not this girl away, for the sons of the Achaeans have already given her to
Achilles; and you, Achilles, strive not further with the king, for no man who by
the grace of Jove wields a sceptre has like honour with Agamemnon. You are
strong, and have a goddess for your mother; but Agamemnon is stronger than
you, for he has more people under him. Son of Atreus, check your anger, I
implore you; end this quarrel with Achilles, who in the day of battle is a tower of
strength to the Achaeans.”
And Agamemnon answered, “Sir, all that you have said is true, but this
fellow must needs become our lord and master: he must be lord of all, king of all,
and captain of all, and this shall hardly be. Granted that the gods have made him
a great warrior, have they also given him the right to speak with railing?”
Achilles interrupted him. “I should be a mean coward,” he cried, “were I to
give in to you in all things. Order other people about, not me, for I shall obey no
longer. Furthermore I say—and lay my saying to your heart—I shall fight neither
you nor any man about this girl, for those that take were those also that gave. But
of all else that is at my ship you shall carry away nothing by force. Try, that
others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.”

Korean
disregard: 무시하다, 무시, 경시하다, 들여다보다. 고생.
경시. quarrel: 싸움의 원인, 싸움, 불평, spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
godlike: 신같은, 신 같은, 위엄있는, 말다툼, 네모진 촉이 달린 화살, 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
존엄한, 신과 같은. 불화의 씨, 불화, 불평하다, 싸움하다, 창으로 찌르다.
implore: 간청하다, 애원하다, 말다툼하다, 말다툼의 원인. strive: 노력하다, 싸우다, 겨루다,
탄원하다. rejoice: 기뻐하다, 기쁘게 하다, 애쓰다.
longer: 더 길게. 축하하다, 향유하다, 가지고 있다, warrior: 노병, 무인, 용사, 전사,
peer: 동등한 사람, 귀족, 동배, 좋아하다, 을 누리고 있다, 즐기다, 무인의, 전사의.
응시하다, 보이기 시작하다, 희미하게 괴상한 이름을 가지고 있다. withstand: 에 저항하다, 에 잘 견디다,
나타나다, 비길 데 없는, 상원 의원, sorrow: 불행, 슬픔, 고난, 슬픈, 저항하다, 견디어내다, 반항하다.
동료, 에 필적하다, 자세히 슬퍼보이는, 아쉬움, 슬퍼하다, 후회, yourselves: 당신 자신들.
 Homer 9

When they had quarrelled thus angrily, they rose, and broke up the assembly
at the ships of the Achaeans. The son of Peleus went back to his tents and ships
with the son of Menoetius and his company, while Agamemnon drew a vessel
into the water and chose a crew of twenty oarsmen. He escorted Chryseis on
board and sent moreover a hecatomb for the god. And Ulysses went as captain.%
These, then, went on board and sailed their ways over the sea. But the son of
Atreus bade the people purify themselves; so they purified themselves and cast
their filth into the sea. Then they offered hecatombs of bulls and goats without
blemish on the sea-shore, and the smoke with the savour of their sacrifice rose
curling up towards heaven.
Thus did they busy themselves throughout the host. But Agamemnon did not
forget the threat that he had made Achilles, and called his trusty messengers and
squires Talthybius and Eurybates. “Go,” said he, “to the tent of Achilles, son of
Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I
shall come with others and take her—which will press him harder.”
He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went
their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the
Myrmidons. They found Achilles sitting by his tent and his ships, and ill-pleased
he was when he beheld them. They stood fearfully and reverently before him,
and never a word did they speak, but he knew them and said, “Welcome,
heralds, messengers of gods and men; draw near; my quarrel is not with you but
with Agamemnon who has sent you for the girl Briseis. Therefore, Patroclus,
bring her and give her to them, but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by
mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger, that if ever again
there be need of me to save the people from ruin, they shall seek and they shall
not find. Agamemnon is mad with rage and knows not how to look before and
after that the Achaeans may fight by their ships in safety.”
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him. He brought Briseis from
the tent and gave her over to the heralds, who took her with them to the ships of
the Achaeans—and the woman was loth to go. Then Achilles went all alone by
the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of

Korean
agamemnon: 미케네의 왕. fierceness: 사나움, 맹렬, 흉포. seaside: 해변의, 해안의, 해안.
boundless: 한없는, 무한한. filth: 오물, 외설, 추잡, 음담패설. sorrowfully: 슬픈, 애처로운,
chose: 재산, 물, 물건. hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 슬퍼보이는, 가슴아픈.
comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료, 여기에. trusty: 모범수, 믿을 수 있는, 신뢰할
동료다운, 전우, 조합원. hoar: 흰, 회색의, 흰서리, 백발의, 수 있는, 신용할 수 있는, 믿을 만한
curling: 컬링, 말리기 쉬운, 말림, 흰백색, 회백색, 흰 서리, 하얗게 된. 사람.
위축, 머리 지지는데 쓰이는, 말려 loth: 싫은, 싫어하여. weeping: 드리우는, 가지가 휘늘어진,
올라감, 말아 지지기. purify: 심신을 깨끗이하다, 깨끗이 우는, 눈물 흘리는, 눈물울 흘리는,
fearfully: 몹시, 무서워하며, 무섭게, 하다, 정련하다, 정화하다. 눈물을 흘리는, 늘어짐, 배어 나오는,
굉장히, 지독히, 벌벌 떨며, reverently: 경건하게, 겸손하게, 스며 나오는, 스며 나옴, 울음.
거정스럽게, 지독하게. 경의를 갖고, 공손하게, 삼가. whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
10 The Iliad

waters. %He raised his hands in prayer to his immortal mother, “Mother,” he
cried, “you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who
thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so.
Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonour, and has robbed me of my
prize by force.”
As he spoke he wept aloud, and his mother heard him where she was sitting
in the depths of the sea hard by the old man her father. Forthwith she rose as it
were a grey mist out of the waves, sat down before him as he stood weeping,
caressed him with her hand, and said, “My son, why are you weeping? What is it
that grieves you? Keep it not from me, but tell me, that we may know it
together.”
Achilles drew a deep sigh and said, “You know it; why tell you what you
know well already? We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and
brought hither the spoil. The sons of the Achaeans shared it duly among
themselves, and chose lovely Chryseis as the meed of Agamemnon; but Chryses,
priest of Apollo, came to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and
brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of
Apollo, wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but
most of all the two sons of Atreus who were their chiefs.
“On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the
priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke
fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. So he went back in anger, and
Apollo, who loved him dearly, heard his prayer. Then the god sent a deadly dart
upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went
everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans. At last a seer in the fulness
of his knowledge declared to us the oracles of Apollo, and I was myself first to
say that we should appease him. Whereon the son of Atreus rose in anger, and
threatened that which he has since done. The Achaeans are now taking the girl in
a ship to Chryse, and sending gifts of sacrifice to the god; but the heralds have
just taken from my tent the daughter of Briseus, whom the Achaeans had
awarded to myself.

Korean
dart: 던지는 창, 돌진하다, 발사하다, dishonour: 굴욕, 불명예, 치욕, immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는,
표창, 던지다, 침, 침-던지다, 정조를 범하다, 인수거절, 의 명예를 불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람,
날아가다, 곤충 등의 침, 다트, 던지는 손상시키다, 어기다, 수칫거리, 불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의
살. 지불거절, 의 명예를 더럽히다. 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의,
deadly: 치명적인, 심한, 몹시, 죽음 doomed: 운이 다한, 불운한. 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람.
같은, 주검처럼, 용서 할수 없는, 용서 duly: 정식으로, 당연히, 제시간에, meed: 보수, 포상, 당연히 받아야 할
할수 없는-주검처럼, 죽음과 같은, 바로, 적당히, 둔하게. 것.
죽은 사람과 같은, 매우 효과적인, forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 spoil: 관직, 망치다, 이권, 약탈하다,
살려둘 수 없는. 실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. 발굴물, 약탈품, 아이를 응석받이로
dearly: 값 비싸게, 끔찍이, 비싸게, fulness: 비만, 충만, 참, 풍부, 만족, 차 키우다, 못쓰게 되다, 손상케하다,
대정 깊이, 깊이, 극진히. 있음, 풍부함. 상하다, 약탈.
 Homer 11

“Help your brave son, therefore, if you are able. Go to Olympus, and if you
have ever done him service in word or deed, implore the aid of Jove. Ofttimes in
my father’s house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals
saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others, with Juno, Neptune, and
Pallas Minerva would have put him in bonds. It was you, goddess, who
delivered him by calling to Olympus the hundred-handed monster whom gods
call Briareus, but men Aegaeon, for he is stronger even than his father; when
therefore he took his seat all-glorious beside the son of Saturn, the other gods
were afraid, and did not bind him. Go, then, to him, remind him of all this, clasp
his knees, and bid him give succour to the Trojans. Let the Achaeans be hemmed
in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap
what joy they may of their king, and that Agamemnon may rue his blindness in
offering insult to the foremost of the Achaeans.”%
Thetis wept and answered, “My son, woe is me that I should have borne or
suckled you. Would indeed that you had lived your span free from all sorrow at
your ships, for it is all too brief; alas, that you should be at once short of life and
long of sorrow above your peers: woe, therefore, was the hour in which I bore
you; nevertheless I will go to the snowy heights of Olympus, and tell this tale to
Jove, if he will hear our prayer: meanwhile stay where you are with your ships,
nurse your anger against the Achaeans, and hold aloof from fight. For Jove went
yesterday to Oceanus, to a feast among the Ethiopians, and the other gods went
with him. He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his
mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be
able to persuade him.”
On this she left him, still furious at the loss of her that had been taken from
him. Meanwhile Ulysses reached Chryse with the hecatomb. When they had
come inside the harbour they furled the sails and laid them in the ship’s hold;
they slackened the forestays, lowered the mast into its place, and rowed the ship
to the place where they would have her lie; there they cast out their mooring-
stones and made fast the hawsers. They then got out upon the sea-shore and
landed the hecatomb for Apollo; Chryseis also left the ship, and Ulysses led her

Korean
aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한, ofttimes: 가끔, 왕왕, 자주, 종종. 유감으로 여기다, 회오, 연민,
초연해 있다-초연한. paved: 포장된. 뉘우치다, 운향, 한탄하다,
beseech: 간청하다, 탄원하다, perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 안했더라면 하고 여기다.
간원하다, 원하다, 청하다. 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, snowy: 오점이 없는, 눈의, 눈이 오는,
blindness: 맹목, 눈이 멀음, 무분별. 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 눈이 쌓인, 눈이 썅 눈같은, 설백의,
clasp: 껴안다, 죔쇠, 악수, 포옹, 에 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, 눈이 많은, 순백의.
휘감기다, 꽉 쥐다, 꼭 쥐다, 버클, 의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다. succour: 돕다, 구원, 구원하다, 구조
걸쇠, 전투 기장, 쥠. reap: 베다, 획득하다, 베어들이다, 구조하다, 구조, 원조자, 원조하다,
insult: 모욕하다, 모욕, 모욕적 언동, 수확하다, 받다, 얻다, 거두다, 보답 구조자.
무례, 손상, 에게 무례한 짓을 하다, 따위를 받다. woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아,
욕보이다. rue: 후회하다, 슬퍼하다, 비탄, 후회, 슬프도다, 고생, 불행.
12 The Iliad

to%the altar to deliver her into the hands of her father. “Chryses,” said he, “King
Agamemnon has sent me to bring you back your child, and to offer sacrifice to
Apollo on behalf of the Danaans, that we may propitiate the god, who has now
brought sorrow upon the Argives.”
So saying he gave the girl over to her father, who received her gladly, and
they ranged the holy hecatomb all orderly round the altar of the god. They
washed their hands and took up the barley-meal to sprinkle over the victims,
while Chryses lifted up his hands and prayed aloud on their behalf. “Hear me,”
he cried, “O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla, and
rulest Tenedos with thy might. Even as thou didst hear me aforetime when I
prayed, and didst press hardly upon the Achaeans, so hear me yet again, and
stay this fearful pestilence from the Danaans.”
Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. When they had done praying
and sprinkling the barley-meal, they drew back the heads of the victims and
killed and flayed them. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in
two layers of fat, set some pieces of raw meat on the top of them, and then
Chryses laid them on the wood fire and poured wine over them, while the young
men stood near him with five-pronged spits in their hands. When the thigh-
bones were burned and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up
small, put the pieces upon the spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew
them off: then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they
ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they
had had enough to eat and drink, pages filled the mixing-bowl with wine and
water and handed it round, after giving every man his drink-offering.
Thus all day long the young men worshipped the god with song, hymning
him and chaunting the joyous paean, and the god took pleasure in their voices;
but when the sun went down, and it came on dark, they laid themselves down to
sleep by the stern cables of the ship, and when the child of morning, rosy-
fingered Dawn, appeared they again set sail for the host of the Achaeans. Apollo
sent them a fair wind, so they raised their mast and hoisted their white sails
aloft. As the sail bellied with the wind the ship flew through the deep blue

Korean
aforetime: 이전에, 미리, 앞서. 떡갈나무 따위의 열매, 너도밤나무 sprinkle: 끼얹다, 조금, 뿌리다, 비가
aloft: 높이, 돛대 꼭대기에, 위로, 따위의 열매, 모양의 기둥, 밤나무 뿌리다, 부슬비, 붓다, 뿌림, 물을
위쪽에, 위에. 따위의 열매. 뿌리다, 살수, 흩뿌림, 드문드문함.
altar: 제단, 제대, 성찬대. orderly: 전령, 순종하는, 순서바른, sprinkling: 살포, 흩뿌리기, 소량,
apollo: 아폴로, 태양, 아폴로우주선, 명령의, 연락병, 유순한, 순서 바른, 잠깐 동안의 흩뿌림, 후두두내림,
미남, 아폴로 우주선, 굉장한 미남자. 규율이 바른, 당번병. 소수, 살수, 드문드문, 부슬부슬 내림,
bellied: 부푼, 팽창한, 배가 ...한. paean: 승리의 노래, 찬가, 기쁨의 후두두 내림.
gladly: 기꺼이, 즐거이, 쾌히. 노래, 승리 감사의 노래, stern: 황량한, 엄격한, 고물, 쓸쓸한,
joyous: 즐거운. 아폴로신에게 바친 승리 감사의 노래. 선미, 굳은, 준엄한, 단호한, 고물
mast: 돛대, 마스트, 도토리, propitiate: 달래다, 화해시키다, 비위 별자리, 피할 도리가 없는, 엉덩이.
평수부로서, 기둥, 돛대를 세우다, 맞추다. thy: 그대의.
 Homer 13

water, and the foam hissed against her bows as she sped onward. When they
reached the wide-stretching host of the Achaeans, they drew the vessel ashore,
high and dry upon the sands, set her strong props beneath her, and went their
ways to their own tents and ships.%
But Achilles abode at his ships and nursed his anger. He went not to the
honourable assembly, and sallied not forth to fight, but gnawed at his own heart,
pining for battle and the war-cry.
Now after twelve days the immortal gods came back in a body to Olympus,
and Jove led the way. Thetis was not unmindful of the charge her son had laid
upon her, so she rose from under the sea and went through great heaven with
early morning to Olympus, where she found the mighty son of Saturn sitting all
alone upon its topmost ridges. She sat herself down before him, and with her left
hand seized his knees, while with her right she caught him under the chin, and
besought him, saying:—
“Father Jove, if I ever did you service in word or deed among the immortals,
hear my prayer, and do honour to my son, whose life is to be cut short so early.
King Agamemnon has dishonoured him by taking his prize and keeping her.
Honour him then yourself, Olympian lord of counsel, and grant victory to the
Trojans, till the Achaeans give my son his due and load him with riches in
requital.”
Jove sat for a while silent, and without a word, but Thetis still kept firm hold
of his knees, and besought him a second time. “Incline your head,” said she,
“and promise me surely, or else deny me—for you have nothing to fear—that I
may learn how greatly you disdain me.”
At this Jove was much troubled and answered, “I shall have trouble if you set
me quarrelling with Juno, for she will provoke me with her taunting speeches;
even now she is always railing at me before the other gods and accusing me of
giving aid to the Trojans. Go back now, lest she should find out. I will consider
the matter, and will bring it about as you wish. See, I incline my head that you
may believe me. This is the most solemn promise that I can give to any god. I

Korean
abode: 체류, 주거, 거주, 주소. 있다, 의 경향이 생기게 하다, 으로 풍부.
accusing: 비난하는, 나무라는, 죄가 돌리게 하다, 숙이다, 내키게 하다. sands: 사주.
있다고 하는, 책망하는 듯한, lest: 을 두려워하여, 하지 않도록, solemn: 엄숙한, 정식의, 격식 차린,
고발하는. 하지나 않을까 하고. 신성한, 종교 상의, 진지한, 심각한
ashore: 물가에, 해변에. onward: 전방으로, 전방에, 전진의, 표정의, 종교상의, 중대한.
bows: 이물. 전진적인. topmost: 최고의, 절정의, 최상의.
disdain: 경멸, 경멸하다, 경멸하다- props: 소품. troubled: 난처한, 거칠은, 소란한,
경멸적인, 경멸적인, 경멸감, 할 provoke: 자극하다, 성나게 하다, 불러 교란된, 근심스러운.
가치가 없다고 생각하다. 일으키다, 일으키다, 야기하다, unmindful: 마음에 두지않는,
incline: 기울이다, 기울다, 경사, 화나게 하다. 무관심한, 부주의한, 염두에 없는,
굽히다, 내키다, 에 가깝다, 의 경향이 riches: 부, 많음, 재물, 재보, 재산, 염두에 두지 않는.
14 The Iliad

never recall my word, or deceive, or fail to do what I say, when I have nodded
my head.”
As he spoke the son of Saturn bowed his dark brows, and the ambrosial
locks swayed on his immortal head, till vast Olympus reeled.%
When the pair had thus laid their plans, they parted—Jove to his house,
while the goddess quitted the splendour of Olympus, and plunged into the
depths of the sea. The gods rose from their seats, before the coming of their sire.
Not one of them dared to remain sitting, but all stood up as he came among
them. There, then, he took his seat. But Juno, when she saw him, knew that he
and the old merman’s daughter, silver-footed Thetis, had been hatching
mischief, so she at once began to upbraid him. “Trickster,” she cried, “which of
the gods have you been taking into your counsels now? You are always settling
matters in secret behind my back, and have never yet told me, if you could help
it, one word of your intentions.”
“Juno,” replied the sire of gods and men, “you must not expect to be
informed of all my counsels. You are my wife, but you would find it hard to
understand them. When it is proper for you to hear, there is no one, god or man,
who will be told sooner, but when I mean to keep a matter to myself, you must
not pry nor ask questions.”
“Dread son of Saturn,” answered Juno, “what are you talking about? I? Pry
and ask questions? Never. I let you have your own way in everything. Still, I
have a strong misgiving that the old merman’s daughter Thetis has been talking
you over, for she was with you and had hold of your knees this self-same
morning. I believe, therefore, that you have been promising her to give glory to
Achilles, and to kill much people at the ships of the Achaeans.”
“Wife,” said Jove, “I can do nothing but you suspect me and find it out. You
will take nothing by it, for I shall only dislike you the more, and it will go harder
with you. Granted that it is as you say; I mean to have it so; sit down and hold
your tongue as I bid you for if I once begin to lay my hands about you, though all
heaven were on your side it would profit you nothing.”

ambrosial: 향기로운, 맛있는, 거룩한.
bowed: 굽은, 머리를 숙인, 활을 가진,
활 모양의, 활 모양을 한.
deceive: 속이다, 미혹시키다,
사기하다.
dislike: 싫어하다, 혐오, 미워하다,
증오, 싫어함.
hatching: 선영, 해칭, 평행선의 음영,
선영긋기.
mischief: 장난, 해, 손해, 위해, 고자,
익살, 재난의 씨, 장난꾸러기, 도대체.
Korean
misgiving: 의심, 불안, 걱정. 내려앉음, 고정, 맑아짐.
promising: 장래성 있는, 유망한, sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자,
장래가 촉망되는. 전하, 아비, 낳게 하다.
pry: 애써서 얻다, 엿보다, 지레, splendour: 빛남, 광채, 호화, 훌륭함,
일일이 알고 싶어하다, 지레로 현저함, 장려, 현저, 광휘를 나타내는
올리다, 꼬치꼬치 캐기 좋아하는 것, 광휘를 주는 것.
사람, 일일이 알고 싶어하다- upbraid: 꾸짖다, 비난하다, 책하다,
꼬치고치 캐기 좋아하는 사람, 캐기 비판하다, 신랄하게 비난하다,
좋아하는 사람, 지레-지레로 올리다, 신랄하게 비판하다, 신랄하게
지레로 움직이다, 형편을 살피다. 힐책하다, 에게 구역질나게 하다, 을
settling: 앙금, 침전물, 식민, 결정, 비난하는 결과를 가져오다.
 Homer 15

On%this Juno was frightened, so she curbed her stubborn will and sat down
in silence. But the heavenly beings were disquieted throughout the house of Jove,
till the cunning workman Vulcan began to try and pacify his mother Juno. “It
will be intolerable,” said he, “if you two fall to wrangling and setting heaven in
an uproar about a pack of mortals. If such ill counsels are to prevail, we shall
have no pleasure at our banquet. Let me then advise my mother—and she must
herself know that it will be better—to make friends with my dear father Jove, lest
he again scold her and disturb our feast. If the Olympian Thunderer wants to
hurl us all from our seats, he can do so, for he is far the strongest, so give him fair
words, and he will then soon be in a good humour with us.”
As he spoke, he took a double cup of nectar, and placed it in his mother’s
hand. “Cheer up, my dear mother,” said he, “and make the best of it. I love you
dearly, and should be very sorry to see you get a thrashing; however grieved I
might be, I could not help, for there is no standing against Jove. Once before
when I was trying to help you, he caught me by the foot and flung me from the
heavenly threshold. All day long from morn till eve, was I falling, till at sunset I
came to ground in the island of Lemnos, and there I lay, with very little life left in
me, till the Sintians came and tended me.”
Juno smiled at this, and as she smiled she took the cup from her son’s hands.
Then Vulcan drew sweet nectar from the mixing-bowl, and served it round
among the gods, going from left to right; and the blessed gods laughed out a
loud applause as they saw him bustling about the heavenly mansion.
Thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun they feasted,
and every one had his full share, so that all were satisfied. Apollo struck his lyre,
and the Muses lifted up their sweet voices, calling and answering one another.
But when the sun’s glorious light had faded, they went home to bed, each in his
own abode, which lame Vulcan with his consummate skill had fashioned for
them. So Jove, the Olympian Lord of Thunder, hied him to the bed in which he
always slept; and when he had got on to it he went to sleep, with Juno of the
golden throne by his side.

Korean
bustling: 부산스러운, 바쁜 듯한, lame: 절름발이의, 절름발이로 만들다,
떠들썩한, 소란한, 부산함, 분잡한 불충분한, 앞뒤가 맞지 않는,
바쁨, 붐비는, 부산스러움. 절름발이가 절룩거리다, 절름발이가
consummate: 완전한, 유능한, 마치다, 되다, 운율이 불완전한, 불완전한,
완성된, 완성하다, 이루다, 극점에 불구의, 라메.
달하게 하다, 더없는, 무상의, livelong: 오랜, 꼬박, 내내, 온, 긴,
성취하다, 신방에 들어완성시키다. 오래.
fashioned: 식의. lyre: 리라, 서정시, 거문고, 고대
grieved: 슬퍼하는, 슬픈. 그리스의 리라, 거문고 별자리.
hurl: 퍼붓다, 내던지다, 내던짐, mansion: 대저택, 성수, 아파트.
던지다, 세게 던지기, 차로 운반하다. morn: 아침.
nectar: 넥타, 감로, 꽃의 꿀, 달콤한
음료, 신들의 술, 신주과즙, 미주.
pacify: 달래다, 평화를 수립하다,
가라앉히다, 가라않히다.
scold: 꾸짖다, 앵앵거리다,
잔소리하다, 잔소리꾼.
thrashing: 타작, 탈곡, 도리깨질, 대패,
채찍질.
uproar: 소음, 큰소란, 소동, 소란.
workman: 노동자, 일을 하는 사람,
노동자의.
16 The Iliad

BOOK II

Now%the other gods and the armed warriors on the plain slept soundly, but
Jove was wakeful, for he was thinking how to do honour to Achilles, and
destroyed much people at the ships of the Achaeans. In the end he deemed it
would be best to send a lying dream to King Agamemnon; so he called one to
him and said to it, “Lying Dream, go to the ships of the Achaeans, into the tent of
Agamemnon, and say to him word for word as I now bid you. Tell him to get the
Achaeans instantly under arms, for he shall take Troy. There are no longer
divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them to her own mind, and
woe betides the Trojans.”
The dream went when it had heard its message, and soon reached the ships
of the Achaeans. It sought Agamemnon son of Atreus and found him in his tent,
wrapped in a profound slumber. It hovered over his head in the likeness of
Nestor, son of Neleus, whom Agamemnon honoured above all his councillors,
and said:—
“You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so
much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I
come as a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought
for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for
you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno

Korean
armed: 무장한. messenger: 심부름꾼, 선구, 연줄에 보다는 차라리, 일찍.
honoured: 명예스러운, 명예스럽게 달아 바람에 울게 하는 종이, 전조, soundly: 충분히, 건전한, 확실한,
생각하여, 영광스럽게 생각하여, 사자. 합리적인, 철저한, 강하지않은,
명예를 받은. reached: 뇌물을 먹은, 매수 당한, 안전한, 건전하게.
instantly: 즉석에서, 즉시, 즉시로, 부패한. wakeful: 방심하지 않는, 자지 않는,
당장에, 곧, 하자마자. sleeping: 수면. 잠 못이루는, 잘 깨는, 깨어 있는,
likeness: 비슷함, 상사성, 외관, 초상, slumber: 휴지하다, 잠, 잠자다, 불침번의.
흡사한 것, 흡사한 사람. 잠자면서 보내다, 활동을 쉬다, welfare: 복지, 행복, 후생, 복지 사업,
lying: 거짓말의, 거짓말쟁이의, 무기력 상태, 혼수 상태. 생활 보호, 복리.
드러눕기, 거짓말하기, 거짓말하는, soon: 빨리, 기꺼이, 곧, 이내, 이윽고, woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아,
드러누워 있는. 하자마자, 하자 마자, 하고 싶다, 슬프도다, 고생, 불행.
 Homer 17

has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the
hands of Jove. Remember this, and when you wake see that it does not escape
you.”
The dream then left him, and he thought of things that were, surely not to be
accomplished. He thought that on that same day he was to take the city of
Priam, but he little knew what was in the mind of Jove, who had many another
hard-fought fight in store alike for Danaans and Trojans. Then presently he
woke, with the divine message still ringing in his ears; so he sat upright, and put
on his soft shirt so fair and new, and over this his heavy cloak. He bound his
sandals on to his comely feet, and slung his silver-studded sword about his
shoulders; then he took the imperishable staff of his father, and sallied forth to
the ships of the Achaeans.%
The goddess Dawn now wended her way to vast Olympus that she might
herald day to Jove and to the other immortals, and Agamemnon sent the criers
round to call the people in assembly; so they called them and the people
gathered thereon. But first he summoned a meeting of the elders at the ship of
Nestor king of Pylos, and when they were assembled he laid a cunning counsel
before them.
“My friends,” said he, “I have had a dream from heaven in the dead of night,
and its face and figure resembled none but Nestor’s. It hovered over my head
and said, ‘You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host
and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at
once, for I am a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes
thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under
arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the
gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans
at the hands of Jove. Remember this.’ The dream then vanished and I awoke. Let
us now, therefore, arm the sons of the Achaeans. But it will be well that I should
first sound them, and to this end I will tell them to fly with their ships; but do
you others go about among the host and prevent their doing so.”

Korean
accomplished: 성취된, 뛰어난, 교양이 자색이고운, 아름다운, 어울리는, 부패하지 않는, 불사의, 영원한.
있는, 능란한, 세련된, 조예가 깊은, 얼굴이 잘생긴, 미모의, 얼굴이 잘 presently: 현재, 이내, 목하, 곧,
기정의, 완료된, 완성된. 생긴. 이윽고, 얼마 안되어, 곧바로.
assembled: 합성 보석의, 집합된, cunning: 교묘한, 교활한, 귀여운, ringing: 울리는, 울려퍼지는, 울림,
결집한. 노련한, 멋있는, 숙련, 솜씨, 현명한, 공명, 이명.
awoke: 깨우다의 과거분사. 재간있는, 약삭빠른, 빈틈없음. sandals: 샌들.
cloak: 외투를 입히다, 망토, 구실, elders: 선배. thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시.
가면, 뒤덮다, 가리는 것, 덮어 herald: 전령관, 문장관, 의전관, 사자, upright: 올바른, 똑바로, 골포스트,
가리다, 외투, 은폐하다, 소매없는 신문의 이름, 고지자, 보도자, 곧게선, 곧은, 곧추 서서, 수직,
외투, 소매 없는 외투. 전달하다, 포고자. 정직한, 직립, 곧은 물건, 똑바로 선.
comely: 적당한, 알맞은, 걸맞는, imperishable: 불멸의, 불후의, woke: 과거분사.
18 The Iliad

He%then sat down, and Nestor the prince of Pylos with all sincerity and
goodwill addressed them thus: “My friends,” said he, “princes and councillors of
the Argives, if any other man of the Achaeans had told us of this dream we
should have declared it false, and would have had nothing to do with it. But he
who has seen it is the foremost man among us; we must therefore set about
getting the people under arms.”
With this he led the way from the assembly, and the other sceptred kings
rose with him in obedience to the word of Agamemnon; but the people pressed
forward to hear. They swarmed like bees that sally from some hollow cave and
flit in countless throng among the spring flowers, bunched in knots and clusters;
even so did the mighty multitude pour from ships and tents to the assembly, and
range themselves upon the wide-watered shore, while among them ran Wildfire
Rumour, messenger of Jove, urging them ever to the fore. Thus they gathered in
a pell-mell of mad confusion, and the earth groaned under the tramp of men as
the people sought their places. Nine heralds went crying about among them to
stay their tumult and bid them listen to the kings, till at last they were got into
their several places and ceased their clamour. Then King Agamemnon rose,
holding his sceptre. This was the work of Vulcan, who gave it to Jove the son of
Saturn. Jove gave it to Mercury, slayer of Argus, guide and guardian. King
Mercury gave it to Pelops, the mighty charioteer, and Pelops to Atreus, shepherd
of his people. Atreus, when he died, left it to Thyestes, rich in flocks, and
Thyestes in his turn left it to be borne by Agamemnon, that he might be lord of
all Argos and of the isles. Leaning, then, on his sceptre, he addressed the
Argives.
“My friends,” he said, “heroes, servants of Mars, the hand of heaven has been
laid heavily upon me. Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack
the city of Priam before returning, but he has played me false, and is now
bidding me go ingloriously back to Argos with the loss of much people. Such is
the will of Jove, who has laid many a proud city in the dust, as he will yet lay
others, for his power is above all. It will be a sorry tale hereafter that an Achaean
host, at once so great and valiant, battled in vain against men fewer in number

Korean
battled: 총안이 있는, 흉벽이 있는. 이사하다. slayer: 살해자.
charioteer: 차로 나르다, 몰다, 이륜 fore: 전면, 전방에-전방, 전방에, throng: 군중, 쇄도하다, 혼잡,
전차를 모는 사람, 이륜 전차를 몰다. 기수에, 이 위험하다, 의 에, 앞쪽, 모여들다, 중압, 에 모여들다, 많은
clamour: 아우성소리 와글와글 전방, 이물에, 앞 전방의, 앞 앞면의. 것의 집합, 떼를 지어 모이다, 가득
떠들다, 외치는 소리, 부르짖음, ingloriously: 무명의, 불명예스럽게, 메우다.
시끄럽게 요구하다, 떨들썩함, 창피하게. tramp: 매춘부, 부정기 화물선,
외치다. jove: 천만에, 맹세코, 목성, 주피터. 터벅터벅 걷다, 방랑자, 방랑하다,
flit: 훌쩍날다, 훌쩍 날기, 지나가다, pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한, 도보 여행하다, 쿵쿵걷다, 짓밟다,
이리저리 날아다니다, 야반 도주, 엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 짖밟다, 긴 도보 여행, 무거운 발소리.
날아지나감, 사뿐히 지나가다, 급속히 가다. tumult: 흥분, 혼란, 소동, 떠들썩함,
지나다, 훨훨날다, 휙휙날다, sceptred: 왕권을 가진, 흘을 가진. 소란, 소요, 격동.
 Homer 19

than%themselves; but as yet the end is not in sight. Think that the Achaeans and
Trojans have sworn to a solemn covenant, and that they have each been
numbered—the Trojans by the roll of their householders, and we by companies
of ten; think further that each of our companies desired to have a Trojan
householder to pour out their wine; we are so greatly more in number that full
many a company would have to go without its cup-bearer. But they have in the
town allies from other places, and it is these that hinder me from being able to
sack the rich city of Ilius. Nine of Jove’s years are gone; the timbers of our ships
have rotted; their tackling is sound no longer. Our wives and little ones at home
look anxiously for our coming, but the work that we came hither to do has not
been done. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say: let us sail back to our own land,
for we shall not take Troy.”
With these words he moved the hearts of the multitude, so many of them as
knew not the cunning counsel of Agamemnon. They surged to and fro like the
waves of the Icarian Sea, when the east and south winds break from heaven’s
clouds to lash them; or as when the west wind sweeps over a field of corn and
the ears bow beneath the blast, even so were they swayed as they flew with loud
cries towards the ships, and the dust from under their feet rose heavenward.
They cheered each other on to draw the ships into the sea; they cleared the
channels in front of them; they began taking away the stays from underneath
them, and the welkin rang with their glad cries, so eager were they to return.
Then surely the Argives would have returned after a fashion that was not
fated. But Juno said to Minerva, “Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove,
unweariable, shall the Argives fly home to their own land over the broad sea,
and leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake
so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at
once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not
their ships into the sea.”
Minerva was not slack to do her bidding. Down she darted from the topmost
summits of Olympus, and in a moment she was at the ships of the Achaeans.
There she found Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, standing alone. He had not as

anxiously: 걱정스럽게, 근심하여,
걱정하여.
bidding: 초대, 입찰, 명령, 공고, 선언,
비드하기.
blast: 소리, 한 바탕 부는 바람, 시들게
하다, 돌풍, 폭파하다, 울려퍼짐-
폭파하다, 폭발, 한 줄기 강한 바람,
형편 없는 실패, 총을 쏘다, 폭풍.
covenant: 계약하다, 계약, 서약, 계약
조항, 맹약, 날인증서, 날인 증서
계약, 날인 증서.
Korean
desired: 옳은, 훌륭한, 바랐던, 비난, 챗열, 채찍질, 빈정댐, 비꼼,
희망했던. 충격, 부딪치다, 빈정대다, 묶다.
fated: 숙명적인, 저주받은, 운명 multitude: 다수, 군중.
지워진, 운명이 정해진. slack: 느린, 늦추다, 늘어진, 침체된,
fro: 이리저리, 저쪽에, 앞뒤로, 분탄, 느즈러진 곳, 느즈러진, 느슨한,
저쪽으로. 좋지 못한, 약해지다, 슬랙스.
heavenward: 천국을 향해서. sworn: 맹세한, 선서한.
hinder: 방해하다, 뒤의, 뒤쪽의, tackling: 태클 동작, 도르래 장치,
방해가 되다, 방해가되다, 후방의. 도구의 한벌, 밧줄, 배의 삭구, 붙잡고
householder: 호주, 세대주, 가장. 방해함, 고패 장치.
lash: 채찍질하다, 세차게 움직이다, welkin: 창공.
20 The Iliad

yet laid a hand upon his ship, for he was grieved and sorry; so she went close up
to him and said, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, are you going to fling yourselves
into your ships and be off home to your own land in this way? Will you leave
Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of
the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among
the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships
into the sea.”
Ulysses knew the voice as that of the goddess: he flung his cloak from him
and set off to run. His servant Eurybates, a man of Ithaca, who waited on him,
took charge of the cloak, whereon Ulysses went straight up to Agamemnon and
received from him his ancestral, imperishable staff. With this he went about
among the ships of the Achaeans.%
Whenever he met a king or chieftain, he stood by him and spoke him fairly.
“Sir,” said he, “this flight is cowardly and unworthy. Stand to your post, and bid
your people also keep their places. You do not yet know the full mind of
Agamemnon; he was sounding us, and ere long will visit the Achaeans with his
displeasure. We were not all of us at the council to hear what he then said; see to
it lest he be angry and do us a mischief; for the pride of kings is great, and the
hand of Jove is with them.”
But when he came across any common man who was making a noise, he
struck him with his staff and rebuked him, saying, “Sirrah, hold your peace, and
listen to better men than yourself. You are a coward and no soldier; you are
nobody either in fight or council; we cannot all be kings; it is not well that there
should be many masters; one man must be supreme—one king to whom the son
of scheming Saturn has given the sceptre of sovereignty over you all.”
Thus masterfully did he go about among the host, and the people hurried
back to the council from their tents and ships with a sound as the thunder of surf
when it comes crashing down upon the shore, and all the sea is in an uproar.
The rest now took their seats and kept to their own several places, but
Thersites still went on wagging his unbridled tongue—a man of many words,
and those unseemly; a monger of sedition, a railer against all who were in
Korean
ancestral: 조상의, 전래의, ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. surf: 밀려오는 파도, 파도를 타다,
조상전래의, 선조의. fling: 시도, 내던지다, 돌진하다, 바닷가에 밀려서 부서지는 흰 파도.
chieftain: 두목, 족장, 지도자, 추장, 뿌리다, 메어치다, 방종, 갑자기 unbridled: 구속이 없는, 방일한,
대장, 추장지도자. 내뻗다, 태질치다, 욕, 발질, 시험. 굴레를 매지 않은, 말굴레를 매지
coward: 겁쟁이, 겁많은, 소심한, hurried: 매우 급한, 재촉하는. 않은, 억제되지 않은.
비겁한, 비겁한 사람, 겁많은 말. masters: 석사. unseemly: 꼴사나운, 꼴사납게,
cowardly: 겁을 내어, 겁많은, 비겁한, monger: 상인, 상, 장수. 보기흉한, 부적당한, 보기 흉한, 보기
비열한, 비겁하게도, 겁 많은. railer: 꾸짖는 사람, 욕하는 사람. 흉하게, 부적당하게.
crashing: 완전한, 철저한, 특별한, scheming: 흉계가 있는, 계획적인, unworthy: 의 가치 없는, 가치없는,
예외적인, 두려울만한, 두려운, 교활한 음모, 책략적인, 교활한. 부끄러운, 비열한, 가치 없는, 변변치
놀라울만한, 최고의. sedition: 치안 방해, 동란 선동. 못한 사람, 알맞지 않은.
 Homer 21

authority, who cared not what he said, so that he might set the Achaeans in a
laugh. He was the ugliest man of all those that came before Troy—bandy-legged,
lame of one foot, with his two shoulders rounded and hunched over his chest.
His head ran up to a point, but there was little hair on the top of it. Achilles and
Ulysses hated him worst of all, for it was with them that he was most wont to
wrangle; now, however, with a shrill squeaky voice he began heaping his abuse
on Agamemnon. The Achaeans were angry and disgusted, yet none the less he
kept on brawling and bawling at the son of Atreus.%
“Agamemnon,” he cried, “what ails you now, and what more do you want?
Your tents are filled with bronze and with fair women, for whenever we take a
town we give you the pick of them. Would you have yet more gold, which some
Trojan is to give you as a ransom for his son, when I or another Achaean has
taken him prisoner? or is it some young girl to hide and lie with? It is not well
that you, the ruler of the Achaeans, should bring them into such misery.
Weakling cowards, women rather than men, let us sail home, and leave this
fellow here at Troy to stew in his own meeds of honour, and discover whether
we were of any service to him or no. Achilles is a much better man than he is,
and see how he has treated him—robbing him of his prize and keeping it
himself. Achilles takes it meekly and shows no fight; if he did, son of Atreus, you
would never again insult him.”
Thus railed Thersites, but Ulysses at once went up to him and rebuked him
sternly. “Check your glib tongue, Thersites,” said be, “and babble not a word
further. Chide not with princes when you have none to back you. There is no
viler creature come before Troy with the sons of Atreus. Drop this chatter about
kings, and neither revile them nor keep harping about going home. We do not
yet know how things are going to be, nor whether the Achaeans are to return
with good success or evil. How dare you gibe at Agamemnon because the
Danaans have awarded him so many prizes? I tell you, therefore—and it shall
surely be—that if I again catch you talking such nonsense, I will either forfeit my
own head and be no more called father of Telemachus, or I will take you, strip

Korean
babble: 수다, 지껄여 누설하다, 몰수물, 상실, 박탈, 몰수된, 상실한, 소리 내는, 찍찍 소리 내는.
허튼소리, 졸졸 흐르다, 누설하다, 벌금 놀이. sternly: 엄숙하게, 단호하게,
지껄이기, 졸졸 흐르는 소리, gibe: 조롱, 비웃음. 피폐하게, 엄격하게, 엄하게.
조잘거리다, 떠듬거리며 말하다, glib: 말솜씨가 훌륭한, 유창한, 행동이 weakling: 병약자, 약골, 약한 사람,
떠듬거리며 말하기, 떠드는 소리. 스마트한, 말 잘하는. 허약자, 나약한 사람, 약한.
bawling: 외치기. meekly: 온순하게, 유화하게. wont: 습관, 버릇처럼 된, 풍습,
chide: 꾸짖다, 꾸짖어 쫓아내다, revile: 욕하다, 의 욕을 하다, 매도, 늘...하는, 에 익숙한.
미친듯이 날뛰다, 에게 잔소리하다, 욕설, 을 헐뜯다. wrangle: 말다툼하다, 논쟁하다,
미친 듯이 날뛰다. squeaky: 굉장히 깨끗한, 삐걱거리는, 말다툼, 목장에서 보살피다,
disgusted: 메스꺼워찌게 하는. 찍찍소리내는, 삐꺽거리는, 앙앙우는, 설복하다, 목장에서 보살피다, 논쟁,
forfeit: 상실하다, 벌금, 몰수되다, 찍찍거리는, 굉장히 청결한, 끽끽 돌보다.
22 The Iliad

you%stark naked, and whip you out of the assembly till you go blubbering back
to the ships.”
On this he beat him with his staff about the back and shoulders till he
dropped and fell a-weeping. The golden sceptre raised a bloody weal on his
back, so he sat down frightened and in pain, looking foolish as he wiped the
tears from his eyes. The people were sorry for him, yet they laughed heartily,
and one would turn to his neighbour saying, “Ulysses has done many a good
thing ere now in fight and council, but he never did the Argives a better turn
than when he stopped this fellow’s mouth from prating further. He will give the
kings no more of his insolence.”
Thus said the people. Then Ulysses rose, sceptre in hand, and Minerva in the
likeness of a herald bade the people be still, that those who were far off might
hear him and consider his council. He therefore with all sincerity and goodwill
addressed them thus:—
“King Agamemnon, the Achaeans are for making you a by-word among all
mankind. They forget the promise they made you when they set out from Argos,
that you should not return till you had sacked the town of Troy, and, like
children or widowed women, they murmur and would set off homeward. True
it is that they have had toil enough to be disheartened. A man chafes at having to
stay away from his wife even for a single month, when he is on shipboard, at the
mercy of wind and sea, but it is now nine long years that we have been kept
here; I cannot, therefore, blame the Achaeans if they turn restive; still we shall be
shamed if we go home empty after so long a stay—therefore, my friends, be
patient yet a little longer that we may learn whether the prophesyings of Calchas
were false or true.
“All who have not since perished must remember as though it were
yesterday or the day before, how the ships of the Achaeans were detained in
Aulis when we were on our way hither to make war on Priam and the Trojans.
We were ranged round about a fountain offering hecatombs to the gods upon
their holy altars, and there was a fine plane-tree from beneath which there welled
a stream of pure water. Then we saw a prodigy; for Jove sent a fearful serpent

Korean
detained: 유치하는, 감금하는, 거림, 속삭이다, 나뭇잎 따위의 shipboard: 배.
구류하는. 살랑거리는 소리. toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다,
fountain: 분수, 샘, 기름통, 원천, 잉크 perished: 매우 곤란한, 지친, 올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다,
통, 분출하다, 쏘다 분수, 액체 저장 초췌해진. 짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을 애써
용기. prodigy: 천재, 경탄, 비범, 장관, 이룩하다.
homeward: 귀로의, 본국으로 향해서, 불가사의한 것, 비범의. weal: 행복, 복리, 채찍맞아
집으로, 집으로 돌아가는, 집쪽으로. restive: 반항적인, 침착성이 없는, 지렁이처럼 부르튼 곳, 국가, 길게
murmur: 시내의 졸졸거리는 소리, 고집센, 나아가기를 싫어하는, 다루기 부르튼 자리, 발진, 번영, 부,
속삭임, 불평, 파도의 출렁거리는 힘드는, 다루기 힘든, 들떠 있는, 부어오름, 안녕, 에 부르튼 자리를
소리, 졸졸 소래내다, 웅성대다, 중얼 불안해하는, 앞으로 나아가려 않는, 내다.
거림, 투덜거리다, 투덜거리다-중얼 침착하지 못한, 하기 힘든. widowed: 과부가 된, 미망인이 된.
 Homer 23

out%of the ground, with blood-red stains upon its back, and it darted from under
the altar on to the plane-tree. Now there was a brood of young sparrows, quite
small, upon the topmost bough, peeping out from under the leaves, eight in all,
and their mother that hatched them made nine. The serpent ate the poor
cheeping things, while the old bird flew about lamenting her little ones; but the
serpent threw his coils about her and caught her by the wing as she was
screaming. Then, when he had eaten both the sparrow and her young, the god
who had sent him made him become a sign; for the son of scheming Saturn
turned him into stone, and we stood there wondering at that which had come to
pass. Seeing, then, that such a fearful portent had broken in upon our hecatombs,
Calchas forthwith declared to us the oracles of heaven. ‘Why, Achaeans,’ said he,
‘are you thus speechless? Jove has sent us this sign, long in coming, and long ere
it be fulfilled, though its fame shall last for ever. As the serpent ate the eight
fledglings and the sparrow that hatched them, which makes nine, so shall we
fight nine years at Troy, but in the tenth shall take the town.’ This was what he
said, and now it is all coming true. Stay here, therefore, all of you, till we take the
city of Priam.”
On this the Argives raised a shout, till the ships rang again with the uproar.
Nestor, knight of Gerene, then addressed them. “Shame on you,” he cried, “to
stay talking here like children, when you should fight like men. Where are our
covenants now, and where the oaths that we have taken? Shall our counsels be
flung into the fire, with our drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship
wherein we have put our trust? We waste our time in words, and for all our
talking here shall be no further forward. Stand, therefore, son of Atreus, by your
own steadfast purpose; lead the Argives on to battle, and leave this handful of
men to rot, who scheme, and scheme in vain, to get back to Argos ere they have
learned whether Jove be true or a liar. For the mighty son of Saturn surely
promised that we should succeed, when we Argives set sail to bring death and
destruction upon the Trojans. He showed us favourable signs by flashing his
lightning on our right hands; therefore let none make haste to go till he has first
lain with the wife of some Trojan, and avenged the toil and sorrow that he has
suffered for the sake of Helen. Nevertheless, if any man is in such haste to be at
Korean
bough: 큰가지, 교수대, 큰 가지. hatched: 흙다, 빗기다. sparrow: 참새, 스패로.
brood: 곰곰히 생각하다, 종류, liar: 거짓말쟁이. speechless: 말을 못하는, 잠자코 있는,
한배의병아리, 한배 새끼, 종족-알을 portent: 전조, 흉조, 불길한 일의 조짐, 말 못하는, 말문이 막힌, 말하지 않는,
품다, 아이들, -숙고하다, 숙고하다, 중대한 일의 조짐, 조짐. 이루 형언할 수 없는.
한배 병아리, 품다, 알을 품다. rot: 부패, 썩다, 썩음, 썩어 steadfast: 견실한, 부동의, 고정된.
flashing: 섬광, 막아둔 물, 막아놓은 문드러지다, 부패물, 타락시키다, vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한,
물 번쩍이는, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 부패시키다, 부패하다, 부패병, 자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게,
번쩍이는, 섬발, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다, 헛소리, 타락. 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는.
번쩍이다. serpent: 뱀, 뱀자리, 악마, 유혹자, wherein: 어떤 점에서, 그 중에,
haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다, 음험한사람, 세르팡, 뱀 같은 사람, 뱀 그점에서, 무엇 가운데에, 하는 바의,
서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함. 좌. 어떤 점으로.
24 The Iliad

home again, let him lay his hand to his ship that he may meet his doom in the
sight of all. But, O king, consider and give ear to my counsel, for the word that I
say may not be neglected lightly. Divide your men, Agamemnon, into their
several tribes and clans, that clans and tribes may stand by and help one another.
If you do this, and if the Achaeans obey you, you will find out who, both chiefs
and peoples, are brave, and who are cowards; for they will vie against the other.
Thus you shall also learn whether it is through the counsel of heaven or the
cowardice of man that you shall fail to take the town.”%
And Agamemnon answered, “Nestor, you have again outdone the sons of
the Achaeans in counsel. Would, by Father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that I had
among them ten more such councillors, for the city of King Priam would then
soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it. But the son of Saturn afflicts
me with bootless wranglings and strife. Achilles and I are quarrelling about this
girl, in which matter I was the first to offend; if we can be of one mind again, the
Trojans will not stave off destruction for a day. Now, therefore, get your morning
meal, that our hosts join in fight. Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering
of your shields; give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully
over, that we may do battle the livelong day; for we shall have no rest, not for a
moment, till night falls to part us. The bands that bear your shields shall be wet
with the sweat upon your shoulders, your hands shall weary upon your spears,
your horses shall steam in front of your chariots, and if I see any man shirking
the fight, or trying to keep out of it at the ships, there shall be no help for him,
but he shall be a prey to dogs and vultures.”
Thus he spoke, and the Achaeans roared applause. As when the waves run
high before the blast of the south wind and break on some lofty headland,
dashing against it and buffeting it without ceasing, as the storms from every
quarter drive them, even so did the Achaeans rise and hurry in all directions to
their ships. There they lighted their fires at their tents and got dinner, offering
sacrifice every man to one or other of the gods, and praying each one of them
that he might live to come out of the fight. Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed a
fat five-year-old bull to the mighty son of Saturn, and invited the princes and

Korean
applause: 찬성, 박수갈채, 칭찬, 박수 죽음, 파멸, 최후의 심판, 재판, stave: 통널, 보표, 장대, 부서지다,
갈채. 판정하다, 법령. 디딤대, 시구, 절, 통널을 붙이다, 연,
bootless: 무익한. headland: 곶, 갑. 막대, 깨지다.
ceasing: 중단, 중지. lighted: 불이 켜진. strife: 싸움, 투쟁, 다툼.
counsel: 상담, 협의, 계획, 충고, lofty: 거만한, 고상한, 당당한, 치속은, vie: 경쟁하다, 다투다, 우열이 없다.
조언하다, 변호사, 결심, 법률고문, 대단히 높은, 숭고한, 거드럭거리는, weary: 지치다, 지치게 하다, 지치게
사려, 조언, 평의. 매우 높은. 하는, 싫어진, 넌더리나는, 동경하다,
cowardice: 겁, 비겁, 소심. neglected: 게을리한. 싫증나다, 지루하게 하다,
dashing: 기운찬, 멋부린, 화려한, 기세 obey: 복종하다, 시키는대로 움직이다, 지루해지다, 피로한, 싫증나게 하다.
좋은, 위세 당당한. 명령대로 복종하다, 에 복종하다. whet: 자극하다, 갈다, 돋우다, 갈기,
doom: 운명짓다, 운명, 선고하다, outdone: 의 과거분사. 자극물, 자극.
 Homer 25

elders of his host. First he asked Nestor and King Idomeneus, then the two
Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus, and sixthly Ulysses, peer of gods in counsel; but
Menelaus came of his own accord, for he knew how busy his brother then was.
They stood round the bull with the barley-meal in their hands, and Agamemnon
prayed, saying, “Jove, most glorious, supreme, that dwellest in heaven, and
ridest upon the storm-cloud, grant that the sun may not go down, nor the night
fall, till the palace of Priam is laid low, and its gates are consumed with fire.
Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full
many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.”%
Thus he prayed, but the son of Saturn would not fulfil his prayer. He
accepted the sacrifice, yet none the less increased their toil continually. When
they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal upon the victim, they
drew back its head, killed it, and then flayed it. They cut out the thigh-bones,
wrapped them round in two layers of fat, and set pieces of raw meat on the top
of them. These they burned upon the split logs of firewood, but they spitted the
inward meats, and held them in the flames to cook. When the thigh-bones were
burned, and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the
pieces upon spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off; then,
when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every
man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough
to eat and drink, Nestor, knight of Gerene, began to speak. “King Agamemnon,”
said he, “let us not stay talking here, nor be slack in the work that heaven has put
into our hands. Let the heralds summon the people to gather at their several
ships; we will then go about among the host, that we may begin fighting at
once.”
Thus did he speak, and Agamemnon heeded his words. He at once sent the
criers round to call the people in assembly. So they called them, and the people
gathered thereon. The chiefs about the son of Atreus chose their men and
marshalled them, while Minerva went among them holding her priceless aegis
that knows neither age nor death. From it there waved a hundred tassels of pure
gold, all deftly woven, and each one of them worth a hundred oxen. With this

Korean
accord: 조화하다, 맞다, 일치하다, firewood: 장작. 꿰찌르다, 고함 소시 다위가 날카롭게
화음, 을 일치시키다, 을 적응시키다, glorious: 영광스러운, 유쾌한, 빛나는, 울리다, 고함 소리 따위가 날카롭게
을 조화시키다, 일치, 임의, 협정, 장려한, 현란한, 기분좋은, 울리다, 에 구멍을 둠다.
주다. 영예스러운, 거룩한. priceless: 돈으로 살 수 없는,
aegis: 보호, 옹호, 제우스의 방패, inward: 내적인, 안으로, 내장, 내부, 어처구니 없는, 말도 아닌, 대단히
후원, 주최, 방패. 내부의, 낮은, 창자, 안의, 내심, 귀중한, 값으로 따질 수 없는, 아주
deftly: 능란하게, 솜씨가 좋게. 마음의, 수입의. 재미있는.
feast: 축연, 잔치를 베풀다, 대접, oxen: 소의 복수형. sixthly: 여섯번째로.
대접을 받다, 즐거움, 즐기다, 경연, pierce: 통찰하다, 감동시키다, summon: 소집하다, 불러 일으키다,
기쁘게 하다, 마음껏 즐기다, 잔치에 관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 에스며들다- 요구하다, 호출하다, 에게 항복을
참석하다, 즐겁게 하는 것. 들어가다, 에 구멍을 뚫다, 돌입하다, 권고하다, 소환하다, 에 권유하다.
26 The Iliad

she darted furiously everywhere among the hosts of the Achaeans, urging them
forward, and putting courage into the heart of each, so that he might fight and
do battle without ceasing. Thus war became sweeter in their eyes even than
returning home in their ships. As when some great forest fire is raging upon a
mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of
their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.%
They were like great flocks of geese, or cranes, or swans on the plain about
the waters of Cayster, that wing their way hither and thither, glorying in the
pride of flight, and crying as they settle till the fen is alive with their screaming.
Even thus did their tribes pour from ships and tents on to the plain of the
Scamander, and the ground rang as brass under the feet of men and horses. They
stood as thick upon the flower-bespangled field as leaves that bloom in summer.
As countless swarms of flies buzz around a herdsman’s homestead in the
time of spring when the pails are drenched with milk, even so did the Achaeans
swarm on to the plain to charge the Trojans and destroy them.
The chiefs disposed their men this way and that before the fight began,
drafting them out as easily as goatherds draft their flocks when they have got
mixed while feeding; and among them went King Agamemnon, with a head and
face like Jove the lord of thunder, a waist like Mars, and a chest like that of
Neptune. As some great bull that lords it over the herds upon the plain, even so
did Jove make the son of Atreus stand peerless among the multitude of heroes.
And now, O Muses, dwellers in the mansions of Olympus, tell me—for you
are goddesses and are in all places so that you see all things, while we know
nothing but by report—who were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans? As for
the common soldiers, they were so that I could not name every single one of
them though I had ten tongues, and though my voice failed not and my heart
were of bronze within me, unless you, O Olympian Muses, daughters of aegis-
bearing Jove, were to recount them to me. Nevertheless, I will tell the captains of
the ships and all the fleet together.
Peneleos, Leitus, Arcesilaus, Prothoenor, and Clonius were captains of the
Boeotians. These were they that dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis, and who held
Korean
afar: 멀리, 원방에서, 원방에. 빛, 번득임, 빛, 번쩍이다. 열거하다, 이야기 하다, 이야기하다,
disposed: 배치된, 한 감정을 품고, 할 homestead: 자작농장, 집과 부속지, 자세히 말하다, 재계산, 재계표, 다시
생각이 있는. 자작 농장, 주택, 택지. 세기, 상세히 말하다, 투표 따위의
drafting: 선발, 제도, 기안, 기안 방법, mansions: 아파트. 다시 세기.
기초, 기초 방법. peerless: 비길 데 없이, 유례없는, swans: 백조의 솜털.
firmament: 창공, 하늘. 무쌍의, 비길 데 없는, 비할 데 없는, swarm: 떼짓다, 무리, 군중, 떼지어
furiously: 미친듯이 노하여, 맹렬히. 비길데 없는. 분봉하다, 떼, 다수, 꿀벌떼, 기어
geese: 재봉사의 대형 다리미, 야유, raging: 격노한, 맹렬한, 미친듯이 오르다, 부유 세포군, 분봉하다, 벌
구즈, 거위, 바보. 사나운, 사납게 날뛰는, 맹위를 떼.
gleam: 번득이다, 번적임, 희미한 떨치는, 거칠어지는. thither: 저기에, 저쪽에, 저쪽의,
징조, 희미하게 번쩍이다, 어렴풋한 recount: 계산을 다시하다, 다시세다, 저쪽으로.
 Homer 27

Schoenus, Scolus, and the highlands of Eteonus, with Thespeia, Graia, and the
fair city of Mycalessus. They also held Harma, Eilesium, and Erythrae; and they
had Eleon, Hyle, and Peteon; Ocalea and the strong fortress of Medeon; Copae,
Eutresis, and Thisbe the haunt of doves; Coronea, and the pastures of Haliartus;
Plataea and Glisas; the fortress of Thebes the less; holy Onchestus with its
famous grove of Neptune; Arne rich in vineyards; Midea, sacred Nisa, and
Anthedon upon the sea. From these there came fifty ships, and in each there
were a hundred and twenty young men of the Boeotians.%
Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, sons of Mars, led the people that dwelt in
Aspledon and Orchomenus the realm of Minyas. Astyoche a noble maiden bore
them in the house of Actor son of Azeus; for she had gone with Mars secretly
into an upper chamber, and he had lain with her. With these there came thirty
ships.
The Phoceans were led by Schedius and Epistrophus, sons of mighty Iphitus
the son of Naubolus. These were they that held Cyparissus, rocky Pytho, holy
Crisa, Daulis, and Panopeus; they also that dwelt in Anemorea and Hyampolis,
and about the waters of the river Cephissus, and Lilaea by the springs of the
Cephissus; with their chieftains came forty ships, and they marshalled the forces
of the Phoceans, which were stationed next to the Boeotians, on their left.
Ajax, the fleet son of Oileus, commanded the Locrians. He was not so great,
nor nearly so great, as Ajax the son of Telamon. He was a little man, and his
breastplate was made of linen, but in use of the spear he excelled all the
Hellenes and the Achaeans. These dwelt in Cynus, Opous, Calliarus, Bessa,
Scarphe, fair Augeae, Tarphe, and Thronium about the river Boagrius. With him
there came forty ships of the Locrians who dwell beyond Euboea.
The fierce Abantes held Euboea with its cities, Chalcis, Eretria, Histiaea rich
in vines, Cerinthus upon the sea, and the rock-perched town of Dium; with them
were also the men of Carystus and Styra; Elephenor of the race of Mars was in
command of these; he was son of Chalcodon, and chief over all the Abantes.
With him they came, fleet of foot and wearing their hair long behind, brave

Korean
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사. 자주가는 장소, 에 자주 가다, realm: 범위, 왕국, 영역, 부문, 영토,
breastplate: 가슴받이, 복갑, 거북의 나타나다, 끊임없이 출입하는 장소, 권, 국토, 계, 분야, 세계, 대.
복갑, 흉패, 가슴걸이로 멘 마구, 자주 나타나다. rocky: 바위가 많은, 불안정한, 완고한,
목걸이 없이 멘 마구. highlands: 고지. 흔들흔들하는, 암석으로 된,
fierce: 지독한, 흉포한, 맹렬한, linen: 아마포, 린네르처럼 흰, 바위많은, 태연한, 암석질의,
사나운, 싫은, 열렬한. 린네르제품, 아마실, 린네르, 비슬거리는, 불안한, 바위의.
fortress: 요새, 안전지대, 요새로 린네르류, 린네르제의, 리넨 제품, sacred: 신성한, 종교적인, 모신,
방어하다, 요새지, 요새 도시. 옥양목 제품, 리넨 종이, 리넨제의. 바쳐진, 바친, 신성 불가침의, 신의
grove: 작은 숲. maiden: 처음의, 아가씨, 처녀, 사자인, 전용되는.
haunt: 소굴, 출몰하다, 나오다, 미혼녀, 미혼의, 소녀, 단두대, secretly: 비밀히, 소리를 내지 않고,
자주가다, 마음에 붙어 다니다, 단두대... 미혼의, 처녀인, 처녀의. 몰래.
28 The Iliad

warriors, who would ever strive to tear open the corslets of their foes with their
long ashen spears. Of these there came fifty ships.%
And they that held the strong city of Athens, the people of great Erechtheus,
who was born of the soil itself, but Jove’s daughter, Minerva, fostered him, and
established him at Athens in her own rich sanctuary. There, year by year, the
Athenian youths worship him with sacrifices of bulls and rams. These were
commanded by Menestheus, son of Peteos. No man living could equal him in the
marshalling of chariots and foot soldiers. Nestor could alone rival him, for he
was older. With him there came fifty ships.
Ajax brought twelve ships from Salamis, and stationed them alongside those
of the Athenians.
The men of Argos, again, and those who held the walls of Tiryns, with
Hermione, and Asine upon the gulf; Troezene, Eionae, and the vineyard lands of
Epidaurus; the Achaean youths, moreover, who came from Aegina and Mases;
these were led by Diomed of the loud battle-cry, and Sthenelus son of famed
Capaneus. With them in command was Euryalus, son of king Mecisteus, son of
Talaus; but Diomed was chief over them all. With these there came eighty ships.
Those who held the strong city of Mycenae, rich Corinth and Cleonae;
Orneae, Araethyrea, and Licyon, where Adrastus reigned of old; Hyperesia, high
Gonoessa, and Pellene; Aegium and all the coast-land round about Helice; these
sent a hundred ships under the command of King Agamemnon, son of Atreus.
His force was far both finest and most numerous, and in their midst was the king
himself, all glorious in his armour of gleaming bronze—foremost among the
heroes, for he was the greatest king, and had most men under him.
And those that dwelt in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis,
Sparta, with Messe the haunt of doves; Bryseae, Augeae, Amyclae, and Helos
upon the sea; Laas, moreover, and Oetylus; these were led by Menelaus of the
loud battle-cry, brother to Agamemnon, and of them there were sixty ships,
drawn up apart from the others. Among them went Menelaus himself, strong in
zeal, urging his men to fight; for he longed to avenge the toil and sorrow that he
had suffered for the sake of Helen.
Korean
armour: 방비, 갑옷과 투구, 철갑, 극성스러운, 소리가 큰, 주제넘는, 안식처.
장갑, 방호 기관, 갑옷을 입히는, 불쾌히, 좀 지나치게 화려한, 높은, tear: 눈물, 쥐어뜯다, 찢다,
갑옷을 입히다, 갑옷, 기갑 부대. 야비한, 야하게. 분열시키다, 비애, 할퀴다, 질주하다,
ashen: 재의, 창백한, 회색의, midst: 한가운데, 중앙. 잡아뜯다, 미친듯이 날뛰다,
양물푸레나무, 물푸레나무같은, rival: 경쟁하다, 호적수, 적수, 경쟁자, 괴롭히다, 돌진하다.
물푸레나무의. 와 경쟁하다, 경쟁하는, 라이벌, 경쟁 vineyard: 포도밭, 포도원, 활동 범위,
famed: 유명한, 유명하게 하는. 상대, 대항하는, 서로 겨루다, 일터.
gulf: 만, 심연, 화방수, 큰 간격, 맞겨루다. worship: 예배, 숭배, 예배하다, 경모,
소용돌이, 깊은 구멍, 소용 돌이, 보통 sanctuary: 성역, 보호, 피난처, 지성소, 각하, 숭배하다, 참배, 명예, 예배식,
급제. 신전, 성소, 성당, 예루살렘 신전, 존경, 참배하다.
loud: 큰소리로, 화려한, 떠들썩한, 금렵구, 예루살렘 신전의 지성소, zeal: 열중, 열심, 열의, 열성.
 Homer 29

The men of Pylos and Arene, and Thryum where is the ford of the river
Alpheus; strong Aipy, Cyparisseis, and Amphigenea; Pteleum, Helos, and
Dorium, where the Muses met Thamyris, and stilled his minstrelsy for ever. He
was returning from Oechalia, where Eurytus lived and reigned, and boasted that
he would surpass even the Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, if they
should sing against him; whereon they were angry, and maimed him. They
robbed him of his divine power of song, and thenceforth he could strike the lyre
no more. These were commanded by Nestor, knight of Gerene, and with him
there came ninety ships.%
And those that held Arcadia, under the high mountain of Cyllene, near the
tomb of Aepytus, where the people fight hand to hand; the men of Pheneus also,
and Orchomenus rich in flocks; of Rhipae, Stratie, and bleak Enispe; of Tegea
and fair Mantinea; of Stymphelus and Parrhasia; of these King Agapenor son of
Ancaeus was commander, and they had sixty ships. Many Arcadians, good
soldiers, came in each one of them, but Agamemnon found them the ships in
which to cross the sea, for they were not a people that occupied their business
upon the waters.
The men, moreover, of Buprasium and of Elis, so much of it as is enclosed
between Hyrmine, Myrsinus upon the sea-shore, the rock Olene and Alesium.
These had four leaders, and each of them had ten ships, with many Epeans on
board. Their captains were Amphimachus and Thalpius—the one, son of
Cteatus, and the other, of Eurytus—both of the race of Actor. The two others
were Diores, son of Amarynces, and Polyxenus, son of King Agasthenes, son of
Augeas.
And those of Dulichium with the sacred Echinean islands, who dwelt beyond
the sea off Elis; these were led by Meges, peer of Mars, and the son of valiant
Phyleus, dear to Jove, who quarrelled with his father, and went to settle in
Dulichium. With him there came forty ships.
Ulysses led the brave Cephallenians, who held Ithaca, Neritum with its
forests, Crocylea, rugged Aegilips, Samos and Zacynthus, with the mainland also

Korean
bleak: 으스스 추운, 황량한, 쌀쌀한, 신수의, 알아채다, 점치다, 신학자. minstrelsy: 음유 신인들, 음유시인의
쓸쓸한, 찬바람 나는, 싸늘한, enclosed: 에워싸는, 둘러막는, 연예, 음유악인의 연예.
바람받이의, 침체된, 차가운. 동봉하는, 넣는. rugged: 울퉁불퉁한, 엄격한, 괴로운,
brave: 용감한, 용사, 화려한, knight: 나이트, 기사, 나이트작의 귀에 거슬리는, 험악한, 껄껄한,
도전하다, 훌륭한, 용감하게 해내다, 사람, 나이트작을 주다, 중세의 기사, 주름진, 세련되지 못한, 튼튼한,
전사. 회원, 주의에 헌신적으로 일하는 폭풍우의, 거친.
commander: 사령관, 지휘관, 지휘자, 용사, 자선 단체 따위의 회원, 우애 surpass: 보다낫다, 보다 낫다.
해군 중령, 경시장, 상급 훈작사, 따위의 회원, 용사, 사상에 thenceforth: 그때 이래, 그러므로,
부함장. 헌신적으로 일하는 용사. 그래서, 그곳에서부터, 그때부터,
divine: 비범한, 신성한, 신의, lived: 생명이 ...한. 거기서 부터, 그때이래.
종교적인, 성직자, 예언하다, 신성의, maimed: 불구의, 상한. tomb: 무덤, 매장하다, 묘비, 죽음.
30 The Iliad

that was over against the islands. These were led by Ulysses, peer of Jove in
counsel, and with him there came twelve ships.%
Thoas, son of Andraemon, commanded the Aetolians, who dwelt in Pleuron,
Olenus, Pylene, Chalcis by the sea, and rocky Calydon, for the great king Oeneus
had now no sons living, and was himself dead, as was also golden-haired
Meleager, who had been set over the Aetolians to be their king. And with Thoas
there came forty ships.
The famous spearsman Idomeneus led the Cretans, who held Cnossus, and
the well-walled city of Gortys; Lyctus also, Miletus and Lycastus that lies upon
the chalk; the populous towns of Phaestus and Rhytium, with the other peoples
that dwelt in the hundred cities of Crete. All these were led by Idomeneus, and
by Meriones, peer of murderous Mars. And with these there came eighty ships.
Tlepolemus, son of Hercules, a man both brave and large of stature, brought
nine ships of lordly warriors from Rhodes. These dwelt in Rhodes which is
divided among the three cities of Lindus, Ielysus, and Cameirus, that lies upon
the chalk. These were commanded by Tlepolemus, son of Hercules by
Astyochea, whom he had carried off from Ephyra, on the river Selleis, after
sacking many cities of valiant warriors. When Tlepolemus grew up, he killed his
father’s uncle Licymnius, who had been a famous warrior in his time, but was
then grown old. On this he built himself a fleet, gathered a great following, and
fled beyond the sea, for he was menaced by the other sons and grandsons of
Hercules. After a voyage, during which he suffered great hardship, he came to
Rhodes, where the people divided into three communities, according to their
tribes, and were dearly loved by Jove, the lord of gods and men; wherefore the
son of Saturn showered down great riches upon them.
And Nireus brought three ships from Syme—Nireus, who was the
handsomest man that came up under Ilius of all the Danaans after the son of
Peleus—but he was a man of no substance, and had but a small following.
And those that held Nisyrus, Crapathus, and Casus, with Cos, the city of
Eurypylus, and the Calydnian islands, these were commanded by Pheidippus

Korean
according: 그러므로, 따라서, 빨리, 차량, 지나가 버리다, 강어귀, 성장도.
나름으로, 에 따라, 에 의하여. 비행대, 선단. substance: 실체, 물질, 실질, 요지,
chalk: 초크로 쓰다, 초크로 쓴 기호, hardship: 고난, 학대, 고생, 곤란. 재산, 물건, 본질, 사실상,
백악, 백악질의, 분유, 분필, 초크로 lordly: 귀족다운, 당당한, 왕후와 실질적으로, 자산, 거의 대부분.
쓴, 호분, 초크, 색초크, 색분필. 같은, 군주다운. uncle: 아저씨, 숙부, 백부, 고모부,
divided: 분할된, 열개한, 갈라진, murderous: 살인의, 잔인한, 살인적인. 이모부, 삼촌, 큰아버지, 전당포 주인,
분리된, 분배한, 각기 다른. populous: 인구 조밀한, 인구가 작은아버지, 이웃집 아저씨, 외삼촌.
eighty: 여든. 조밀한. voyage: 항해, 항해하다, 바다를
famous: 유명한, 근사한, 악명 높은, sacking: 결정적 승리, 즈크지, 약탈, 건너가다, 건너 지르다, 여행기.
멋진. 자루감. wherefore: 이유, 어째서, 그러므로,
fleet: 빠른, 함대, 선대, 기단, 후미, stature: 발달, 신장 성장, 키, 성장, 왜, 무슨 이유로, 까닭, 그런 이유로.
 Homer 31

and Antiphus, two sons of King Thessalus the son of Hercules. And with them
there came thirty ships.%
Those again who held Pelasgic Argos, Alos, Alope, and Trachis; and those of
Phthia and Hellas the land of fair women, who were called Myrmidons,
Hellenes, and Achaeans; these had fifty ships, over which Achilles was in
command. But they now took no part in the war, inasmuch as there was no one
to marshal them; for Achilles stayed by his ships, furious about the loss of the
girl Briseis, whom he had taken from Lyrnessus at his own great peril, when he
had sacked Lyrnessus and Thebe, and had overthrown Mynes and Epistrophus,
sons of king Evenor, son of Selepus. For her sake Achilles was still grieving, but
ere long he was again to join them.
And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary
of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies
upon the grass lands. Of these brave Protesilaus had been captain while he was
yet alive, but he was now lying under the earth. He had left a wife behind him in
Phylace to tear her cheeks in sorrow, and his house was only half finished, for he
was slain by a Dardanian warrior while leaping foremost of the Achaeans upon
the soil of Troy. Still, though his people mourned their chieftain, they were not
without a leader, for Podarces, of the race of Mars, marshalled them; he was son
of Iphiclus, rich in sheep, who was the son of Phylacus, and he was own brother
to Protesilaus, only younger, Protesilaus being at once the elder and the more
valiant. So the people were not without a leader, though they mourned him
whom they had lost. With him there came forty ships.
And those that held Pherae by the Boebean lake, with Boebe, Glaphyrae, and
the populous city of Iolcus, these with their eleven ships were led by Eumelus,
son of Admetus, whom Alcestis bore to him, loveliest of the daughters of Pelias.
And those that held Methone and Thaumacia, with Meliboea and rugged
Olizon, these were led by the skilful archer Philoctetes, and they had seven
ships, each with fifty oarsmen all of them good archers; but Philoctetes was lying
in great pain in the Island of Lemnos, where the sons of the Achaeans left him,
for he had been bitten by a poisonous water snake. There he lay sick and sorry,

Korean
archer: 궁술가, 사수, 사수자리, 꽃같은, 꽃이많은. peril: 위험, 위험에 빠뜨리다, 모험.
궁수자리, 활의 사수, 활쏘는 사람. furious: 맹렬한, 격노한, 사납게 poisonous: 유독한, 악의 있는,
bore: 구멍, 구멍을 뚫다, 날뛰는, 노하여 펄펄 뛰는, 유해한.
싫증나게하다, 송곳구멍, 밀물, 미쳐날뛰는, 미쳐 날뛰는, sheep: 양, 신자, 양가죽, 어리석은
총구멍, 해일, 뚫다, 구멍을 내다, 소란스러운. 사람, 교구민, 온순한사람, 겁쟁이.
구멍이 나다, 따분한 것. inasmuch: 때문에, 이므로, 인 한은. skilful: 숙련된, 잘 만들어진.
cheeks: 측면, 궁둥이. marshal: 안내하다, 육군 원수, 의전관, snake: 뱀, 뒤틀다, 꿈틀거리다,
elder: 장로, 원로, 손위의, 연장자, 정렬하다, 경찰서장, 연방 재판소의 꿈틀꿈틀 움직이다, 음흉한 사람,
연장의, 고참, 고참의, 양딱총나무, 집행관, 사법 비서관, 정렬시키다, 잡아 끌다, 말 살며시 가벼리다, 말
딱총나무, 이전의, 이전의-연장자. 영국 문장원 총재, 시경찰서장, 없이 가벼리다, 묶다, 뱀 같은 인간,
flowery: 화려한, 꽃 같은, 꽃이 많은, 모임의 접대계. 와이어로 하수관을 청소하다.
32 The Iliad

and full soon did the Argives come to miss him. But his people, though they felt
his loss were not leaderless, for Medon, the bastard son of Oileus by Rhene, set
them in array.%
Those, again, of Tricca and the stony region of Ithome, and they that held
Oechalia, the city of Oechalian Eurytus, these were commanded by the two sons
of Aesculapius, skilled in the art of healing, Podalirius and Machaon. And with
them there came thirty ships.
The men, moreover, of Ormenius, and by the fountain of Hypereia, with
those that held Asterius, and the white crests of Titanus, these were led by
Eurypylus, the son of Euaemon, and with them there came forty ships.
Those that held Argissa and Gyrtone, Orthe, Elone, and the white city of
Oloosson, of these brave Polypoetes was leader. He was son of Pirithous, who
was son of Jove himself, for Hippodameia bore him to Pirithous on the day when
he took his revenge on the shaggy mountain savages and drove them from Mt.
Pelion to the Aithices. But Polypoetes was not sole in command, for with him
was Leonteus, of the race of Mars, who was son of Coronus, the son of Caeneus.
And with these there came forty ships.
Guneus brought two and twenty ships from Cyphus, and he was followed by
the Enienes and the valiant Peraebi, who dwelt about wintry Dodona, and held
the lands round the lovely river Titaresius, which sends its waters into the
Peneus. They do not mingle with the silver eddies of the Peneus, but flow on the
top of them like oil; for the Titaresius is a branch of dread Orcus and of the river
Styx.
Of the Magnetes, Prothous son of Tenthredon was commander. They were
they that dwelt about the river Peneus and Mt. Pelion. Prothous, fleet of foot,
was their leader, and with him there came forty ships.
Such were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans. Who, then, O Muse, was the
foremost, whether man or horse, among those that followed after the sons of
Atreus?

Korean
bastard: 사생아, 서자, 가짜-서출의, mingle: 섞다, 섞이다, 사귀다, 필요한, 솜씨를 요하는, 숙련을
가짜의, 모습이 이상한, 비정상인, 어울리다, 뒤섞이다. 요하는, 특수 기술을 요하는.
열등한, 잡종, 자식, 새끼, 놈. revenge: 원한, 복수하다, 복수심, sole: 유일한, 단독의, 발바닥, 미혼의,
dread: 공포, 두려움, 두려워하다, 앙갚음, 원수를 갚다, 복수, 보복, 독점적인, 혀가자미, 신바닥, 밑부분,
걱정하다, 격정하다, 무서운 물건, 설욕의 기회, 복수의 기회, 원한을 혀넙치, 바닥, 창을 대다.
무서운 사람. 갚다, 의 복수를 하다. stony: 돌의, 돌이 많은, 무표정한,
drove: 몰려가는 가축 때, 떼지어 가는 silver: 은, 은의, 은화, 은을 입히다, 무정한, 돌같은, 부동의, 냉혹한,
무리, 굵은 정. 은으로 만든, 은그릇, 은도금 하다, 망연자실하게 하는, 씨가 많은,
forty: 마흔, 사십. 질산은, 질산은을 칠하다, 은실, 은 돌처럼 단단한.
healing: 치료의, 치유, 치료. 같은. wintry: 겨울의, 추운, 냉담한,
leaderless: 지도자가 없는. skilled: 숙련된, 기술이 좋은, 숙련이 겨울다운, 냉랭한.
 Homer 33

Of the horses, those of the son of Pheres were by far the finest. They were
driven by Eumelus, and were as fleet as birds. They were of the same age and
colour, and perfectly matched in height. Apollo, of the silver bow, had bred them
in Perea—both of them mares, and terrible as Mars in battle. Of the men, Ajax,
son of Telamon, was much the foremost so long as Achilles’ anger lasted, for
Achilles excelled him greatly and he had also better horses; but Achilles was now
holding aloof at his ships by reason of his quarrel with Agamemnon, and his
people passed their time upon the sea shore, throwing discs or aiming with
spears at a mark, and in archery. Their horses stood each by his own chariot,
champing lotus and wild celery. The chariots were housed under cover, but their
owners, for lack of leadership, wandered hither and thither about the host and
went not forth to fight.%
Thus marched the host like a consuming fire, and the earth groaned beneath
them when the lord of thunder is angry and lashes the land about Typhoeus
among the Arimi, where they say Typhoeus lies. Even so did the earth groan
beneath them as they sped over the plain.
And now Iris, fleet as the wind, was sent by Jove to tell the bad news among
the Trojans. They were gathered in assembly, old and young, at Priam’s gates,
and Iris came close up to Priam, speaking with the voice of Priam’s son Polites,
who, being fleet of foot, was stationed as watchman for the Trojans on the tomb
of old Aesyetes, to look out for any sally of the Achaeans. In his likeness Iris
spoke, saying, “Old man, you talk idly, as in time of peace, while war is at hand.
I have been in many a battle, but never yet saw such a host as is now advancing.
They are crossing the plain to attack the city as thick as leaves or as the sands of
the sea. Hector, I charge you above all others, do as I say. There are many allies
dispersed about the city of Priam from distant places and speaking divers
tongues. Therefore, let each chief give orders to his own people, setting them
severally in array and leading them forth to battle.”
Thus she spoke, but Hector knew that it was the goddess, and at once broke
up the assembly. The men flew to arms; all the gates were opened, and the

Korean
aiming: 겨냥, 조준. dispersed: 흩어진, 분산된, 분산한. 헛되이, 빈둥거려, 빈둥거리며,
allies: 연합국의. divers: 약간의, 여러가지의, 몇 개의. 하는일 없이, 게을리, 한는 일 없이.
archery: 궁술, 사수대, 양궁. groan: 신음하다, 그 소리, 괴로워하다, lotus: 망우수, 연꽃, 연, 연꽃 무늬,
bred: 하게 자란. 으르렁거리다, 열망하다, 불평의 로터스.
celery: 셀러리. 소리, 가 넘칠 정도로 많이 있다, severally: 각자에, 따로따로.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 갈망하다, 신음하는 듯한 목소리로 thunder: 위협, 우레, 천둥, 비난, 호통,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 말하다, 신음 소리, 삐걱거리는 소리. 장기를 가로채다, 요란한 울림,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. hector: 허세를 부리다, 약한 자를 천둥치다, 위협하다, 호통치다,
consuming: 소비하는, 여위게 하는, 괴롭히다, 남자 이름, 소리지르는 요란한 소리를 내다.
태워버리는, 다 태워버리는, 사람, 소리지르다, 헥토르. watchman: 야경, 야경꾼, 야경꾼의,
애태우는, 여위게하는, 태워 버리는. idly: 무익하게, 멍하니, 게으르게, 야경의.
34 The Iliad

people thronged through them, horse and foot, with the tramp as of a great
multitude.%
Now there is a high mound before the city, rising by itself upon the plain.
Men call it Batieia, but the gods know that it is the tomb of lithe Myrine. Here the
Trojans and their allies divided their forces.
Priam’s son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans,
and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those
who were longing for the fray.
The Dardanians were led by brave Aeneas, whom Venus bore to Anchises,
when she, goddess though she was, had lain with him upon the mountain slopes
of Ida. He was not alone, for with him were the two sons of Antenor,
Archilochus and Acamas, both skilled in all the arts of war.
They that dwelt in Telea under the lowest spurs of Mt. Ida, men of substance,
who drink the limpid waters of the Aesepus, and are of Trojan blood—these
were led by Pandarus son of Lycaon, whom Apollo had taught to use the bow.
They that held Adresteia and the land of Apaesus, with Pityeia, and the high
mountain of Tereia—these were led by Adrestus and Amphius, whose
breastplate was of linen. These were the sons of Merops of Percote, who excelled
in all kinds of divination. He told them not to take part in the war, but they gave
him no heed, for fate lured them to destruction.
They that dwelt about Percote and Practius, with Sestos, Abydos, and
Arisbe—these were led by Asius, son of Hyrtacus, a brave commander—Asius,
the son of Hyrtacus, whom his powerful dark bay steeds, of the breed that comes
from the river Selleis, had brought from Arisbe.
Hippothous led the tribes of Pelasgian spearsmen, who dwelt in fertile
Larissa—Hippothous, and Pylaeus of the race of Mars, two sons of the Pelasgian
Lethus, son of Teutamus.
Acamas and the warrior Peirous commanded the Thracians and those that
came from beyond the mighty stream of the Hellespont.

Korean
bow: 활, 이물, 구부리다, 절하다, 다산하는, 풍부한, 다산인, 창조력이 limpid: 맑은, 투명한, 깨끗한.
꾸부러지다, 나비넥타이, 만곡부, 풍부한, 핵분열 물질의 원료가 될 수 lithe: 나긋나긋한, 유연한.
인사하다, 켜다, 함수, 절. 있는. longing: 갈망, 갈망하는, 사모, 고대,
breed: 품종, 종류, 기르다, 씨를 받다, fray: 풀다, 해지다, 다툼, 닳아 빠지게 고향을 몹시 그리워하고 있다, 그리움
임신하고 있다, 가르치다, 하다, 문지르다, 떠들 썩 한 싸움, 갈망하는, 동경, 몹시 그리워하는.
번식시키다, 양육하다, 발생하다, 마모되다, 해어지다, 싸움, 풀리다, lowest: 최하의, 최소의.
새끼를 낳다, 낳다. 소모시키다. mound: 석가산, 작은 언덕, 투수판,
divination: 예언, 점, 전조, 예감. heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다, 흙무덤, 둑, 둑덕지게 하다.
fate: 운명, 운, 죽음, 숙명, 파멸, 주의하다. plain: 명백한, 평이한, 쉬운, 보통의,
운명의 삼여신. helmet: 헬멧, 투구, 투구형, 투구 솔직한, 소박한, 평탄한, 단순한,
fertile: 번식력이 있는, 비옥한, 모양의 물건. 예쁘지 않은, 무늬없는, 평지.
 Homer 35

Euphemus, son of Troezenus, the son of Ceos, was captain of the Ciconian
spearsmen.%
Pyraechmes led the Paeonian archers from distant Amydon, by the broad
waters of the river Axius, the fairest that flow upon the earth.
The Paphlagonians were commanded by stout-hearted Pylaemanes from
Enetae, where the mules run wild in herds. These were they that held Cytorus
and the country round Sesamus, with the cities by the river Parthenius, Cromna,
Aegialus, and lofty Erithini.
Odius and Epistrophus were captains over the Halizoni from distant Alybe,
where there are mines of silver.
Chromis, and Ennomus the augur, led the Mysians, but his skill in augury
availed not to save him from destruction, for he fell by the hand of the fleet
descendant of Aeacus in the river, where he slew others also of the Trojans.
Phorcys, again, and noble Ascanius led the Phrygians from the far country of
Ascania, and both were eager for the fray.
Mesthles and Antiphus commanded the Meonians, sons of Talaemenes, born
to him of the Gygaean lake. These led the Meonians, who dwelt under Mt.
Tmolus.
Nastes led the Carians, men of a strange speech. These held Miletus and the
wooded mountain of Phthires, with the water of the river Maeander and the
lofty crests of Mt. Mycale. These were commanded by Nastes and
Amphimachus, the brave sons of Nomion. He came into the fight with gold
about him, like a girl; fool that he was, his gold was of no avail to save him, for
he fell in the river by the hand of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, and Achilles
bore away his gold.
Sarpedon and Glaucus led the Lycians from their distant land, by the
eddying waters of the Xanthus.

Korean
augur: 복점관, 예언 조짐이 되다, distant: 먼, 쌀쌀한, 어겸풋한, lake: 호수, 레이크, 못, 다홍색.
예언자, 점치다, 예언자-점치다, 의 에두루는, 어렴풋한, 혈연이 먼, noble: 고귀한, 훌륭한, 귀족, 고결한,
징조가 되다, 징조를 나타내다. 거리를 두는, 닮은 관계 등이 먼, 닮은 귀중한, 당당한, 숭고한, 유명한,
augury: 전조, 점. 정도 등이 먼, 먼 데를 보는 듯한, 뛰어난, 독선가, 노블금화파업
avail: 이익, 도움이되다, 소용이되다, 시간적으로 먼. 파괴지도자.
효용, 이롭다-이익.효용, 이롭다, eager: 열심인, 열망하여, 심한, 에 skill: 솜씨, 술련, 교묘, 문제가 되다,
유용하다, 효력이 있다, 에 도움이 열성적인, 열망하는, 갈망하는. 숙련, 이해하다, 기능.
되다. fool: 바보, 속이다, 농담하다, slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
descendant: 자손. 어리석은 짓을 하다, 어릿광대, 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
destruction: 파괴, 멸망, 절멸, 파멸의 우롱하다, 희롱하다, 풀, 놀리다, wooded: 나무가 무성한, 한 목질의,
원인. 낭비하다, 바보 취급을 받는 사람. 삼림이 있는, 삼림이 많은.
36 The Iliad

BOOK III

When%the companies were thus arrayed, each under its own captain, the
Trojans advanced as a flight of wild fowl or cranes that scream overhead when
rain and winter drive them over the flowing waters of Oceanus to bring death
and destruction on the Pygmies, and they wrangle in the air as they fly; but the
Achaeans marched silently, in high heart, and minded to stand by one another.
As when the south wind spreads a curtain of mist upon the mountain tops,
bad for shepherds but better than night for thieves, and a man can see no further
than he can throw a stone, even so rose the dust from under their feet as they
made all speed over the plain.
When they were close up with one another, Alexandrus came forward as
champion on the Trojan side. On his shoulders he bore the skin of a panther, his
bow, and his sword, and he brandished two spears shod with bronze as a
challenge to the bravest of the Achaeans to meet him in single fight. Menelaus
saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that
lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then,
though dogs and youths set upon him. Even thus was Menelaus glad when his
eyes caught sight of Alexandrus, for he deemed that now he should be revenged.
He sprang, therefore, from his chariot, clad in his suit of armour.

carcase: 뼈대, 시체, 잔해, 형해, 몸통,
소이탄의 일종, 송장.
caught: 사람을 속이는.
clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을
입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다.
curtain: 막, 커튼, 막을 치다, 휘장
꼴의 물건, 막으로 가리다, 한 권의
끝, 막벽, 위장을 치다, 죽음, 칸막이,
휘장.
fowl: 가금, 새, 닭, 들새를 잡다,
새고기, 엽조를 사냥하다.
Korean
goat: 색골, 악인, 여소, 염소자리, stag: 수사슴, 남자들만의, 수짐승,
희생, 호색한, 염소, 속죄의 염소, 여자를 동반치 않은 남자, 수컷,
염소 별자리. 남자만으로, 남자만의, 여자 동반
horned: 뿔이 있는. 없이 가는 사람, 권리주 매매상,
menelaus: 메넬라오스. 권리주 매매인, 남성용 포르노의.
minded: 할 마음이 있는, 마음이 있는, stride: 쉽사리 헤어나다, 한걸음,
한 마음의, 하고 싶은 마음이 있는. 활보하다, 큰걸음, 큰 걸음으로 걷다,
panther: 표범, 퓨마, 아메리카 표범, 성큼넘다, 급히 가다, 큰 걸음, 걸터
싸구려술, 흑표범당원. 앉다, 한걸음의 폭, 걸터 서다.
silently: 잠자코, 조용히, 아무 말 thieves: 도둑.
않고, 묵묵히, 고요하게. tops: 최상의.
 Homer 37

Alexandrus quailed as he saw Menelaus come forward, and shrank in fear of

his life under cover of his men. As one who starts back affrighted, trembling and
pale, when he comes suddenly upon a serpent in some mountain glade, even so
did Alexandrus plunge into the throng of Trojan warriors, terror-stricken at the
sight of the son of Atreus.%
Then Hector upbraided him. “Paris,” said he, “evil-hearted Paris, fair to see,
but woman-mad, and false of tongue, would that you had never been born, or
that you had died unwed. Better so, than live to be disgraced and looked
askance at. Will not the Achaeans mock at us and say that we have sent one to
champion us who is fair to see but who has neither wit nor courage? Did you
not, such as you are, get your following together and sail beyond the seas? Did
you not from your a far country carry off a lovely woman wedded among a
people of warriors—to bring sorrow upon your father, your city, and your whole
country, but joy to your enemies, and hang-dog shamefacedness to yourself?
And now can you not dare face Menelaus and learn what manner of man he is
whose wife you have stolen? Where indeed would be your lyre and your love-
tricks, your comely locks and your fair favour, when you were lying in the dust
before him? The Trojans are a weak-kneed people, or ere this you would have
had a shirt of stones for the wrongs you have done them.”
And Alexandrus answered, “Hector, your rebuke is just. You are hard as the
axe which a shipwright wields at his work, and cleaves the timber to his liking.
As the axe in his hand, so keen is the edge of your scorn. Still, taunt me not with
the gifts that golden Venus has given me; they are precious; let not a man disdain
them, for the gods give them where they are minded, and none can have them
for the asking. If you would have me do battle with Menelaus, bid the Trojans
and Achaeans take their seats, while he and I fight in their midst for Helen and
all her wealth. Let him who shall be victorious and prove to be the better man
take the woman and all she has, to bear them to his home, but let the rest swear
to a solemn covenant of peace whereby you Trojans shall stay here in Troy, while
the others go home to Argos and the land of the Achaeans.”

Korean
askance: 비스듬히, 옆으로, 으심쩍게 배의 뒷질, 큰 도박을 하다, 어떤
보다, 비스듬듬히, 모으로. 상다태로 몰아 넣다-뛰어들다.
axe: 도끼 도끼로 찍다, 도끼, 참수, rebuke: 비난, 힐책, 징계, 비난하다,
도끼로 자르다, 대폭 삭감하다, 재즈 꾸짖다, 견책하다, 견책.
악기. scorn: 경멸하다, 경멸, 떳떳하게
courage: 용기, 담력, 용감, 배짱. 여기지 않다, 냉소하다, 경멸받는 것,
glade: 숲 속의 빈 터, 숲속의 빈 터, 거절하다, 조소하다, 경멸받는 사람.
습지, 숲 사이의 빈터. shamefacedness: 부끄러워하는.
plunge: 돌진, 돌진하다, 다이빙하다, shipwright: 조선공, 배 목수, 배 대목.
던져넣다, 뒷질하다, 뛰어들다, 말이 taunt: 조롱, 조롱거리, 욕설, 냉소,
뒷다리를 들고 뛰어오르다, 찌르다, 욕하여...시키다, 높고 잘 정비된,
조롱하다, 의장을 갖추고.
unwed: 미혼의, 독신의.
victorious: 승리의, 승리를 가져오는,
이긴, 승리를 거둔, 전승자의, 승리를
나타내는, 이겨서 의기양양한,
전승의.
weak-kneed: 마음이 약한,
무릎이약한, 무릎에 힘이 없는,
우유부단한, 줏대 없는.
wedded: 결혼한, 결합한, 결혼의,
결합된, 에 집착하는.
38 The Iliad

When Hector heard this he was glad, and went about among the Trojan ranks
holding his spear by the middle to keep them back, and they all sat down at his
bidding: but the Achaeans still aimed at him with stones and arrows, till
Agamemnon shouted to them saying, “Hold, Argives, shoot not, sons of the
Achaeans; Hector desires to speak.”%
They ceased taking aim and were still, whereon Hector spoke. “Hear from
my mouth,” said he, “Trojans and Achaeans, the saying of Alexandrus, through
whom this quarrel has come about. He bids the Trojans and Achaeans lay their
armour upon the ground, while he and Menelaus fight in the midst of you for
Helen and all her wealth. Let him who shall be victorious and prove to be the
better man take the woman and all she has, to bear them to his own home, but let
the rest swear to a solemn covenant of peace.”
Thus he spoke, and they all held their peace, till Menelaus of the loud battle-
cry addressed them. “And now,” he said, “hear me too, for it is I who am the
most aggrieved. I deem that the parting of Achaeans and Trojans is at hand, as
well it may be, seeing how much have suffered for my quarrel with Alexandrus
and the wrong he did me. Let him who shall die, die, and let the others fight no
more. Bring, then, two lambs, a white ram and a black ewe, for Earth and Sun,
and we will bring a third for Jove. Moreover, you shall bid Priam come, that he
may swear to the covenant himself; for his sons are high-handed and ill to trust,
and the oaths of Jove must not be transgressed or taken in vain. Young men’s
minds are light as air, but when an old man comes he looks before and after,
deeming that which shall be fairest upon both sides.”
The Trojans and Achaeans were glad when they heard this, for they thought
that they should now have rest. They backed their chariots toward the ranks, got
out of them, and put off their armour, laying it down upon the ground; and the
hosts were near to one another with a little space between them. Hector sent two
messengers to the city to bring the lambs and to bid Priam come, while
Agamemnon told Talthybius to fetch the other lamb from the ships, and he did
as Agamemnon had said.

Korean
aggrieved: 고민하는, 고통받고 있는, 낳다, 풋내기, 램, 어린 양고기, 양이 기억장치, 달구로 다지다, 달구,
괴롭혀진, 권리를 침해당한, 불만을 새끼를 낳다, 새끼양의 모피, 비평가, 피스톤, 충각으로 들이받다.
품은, 화가 난, 기분히 상한, 교회의 어린 신자. saying: 속담, 격언, 말, 말하기.
학대받은. laying: 부설, 조준, 쌓음, 꼬는 법, swear: 맹세하다, 저주, 선서시키다,
ewe: 암양. 애벌칠, 쌓기, 놓기, 한 배에 깐 알, 선서하다, 단언하다, 벌받을 소리를
fetch: 가져오다, 도달하다, 내다, 끌어 댐, 설치, 한 번에 까는 알. 하다, 서약하다, 욕, 욕지거리하다, 한
오게하다, 불러오다, 팔리다, 가하다, parting: 이별, 고별, 나누는, 출발, 상태로 하다, 맹세코.
가하다-물건을가져오다, 갖다 주다, 분리, 별세, 고별의, 떠나가는, 머리 toward: 에 대하여, 을 위하여, 가까이,
물건을가져오다, 의 마음을 사로잡다. 따위의 가리마, 저물어 가는, 이별의. 온순한, 으로의, 의 쪽으로, 무렵,
high-handed: 고압적인. ram: 숫양, 충각, 때려 박다, 자동 쪽으로, 바야흐로 일어나려는, 에
lamb: 새끼양, 새끼양 고기, 순한사람, 양수기, 램, 다져 굳히다, 등속 추출 가까이, 전도 유망한.
 Homer 39

Meanwhile Iris went to Helen in the form of her sister-in-law, wife of the son
of Antenor, for Helicaon, son of Antenor, had married Laodice, the fairest of
Priam’s daughters. She found her in her own room, working at a great web of
purple linen, on which she was embroidering the battles between Trojans and
Achaeans, that Mars had made them fight for her sake. Iris then came close up to
her and said, “Come hither, child, and see the strange doings of the Trojans and
Achaeans. Till now they have been warring upon the plain, mad with lust of
battle, but now they have left off fighting, and are leaning upon their shields,
sitting still with their spears planted beside them. Alexandrus and Menelaus are
going to fight about yourself, and you are to be the wife of him who is the
victor.”
Thus spoke the goddess, and Helen’s heart yearned after her former
husband, her city, and her parents. She threw a white mantle over her head, and
hurried from her room, weeping as she went, not alone, but attended by two of
her handmaids, Aethrae, daughter of Pittheus, and Clymene. And straightway
they were at the Scaean gates.%
The two sages, Ucalegon and Antenor, elders of the people, were seated by
the Scaean gates, with Priam, Panthous, Thymoetes, Lampus, Clytius, and
Hiketaon of the race of Mars. These were too old to fight, but they were fluent
orators, and sat on the tower like cicales that chirrup delicately from the boughs
of some high tree in a wood. When they saw Helen coming towards the tower,
they said softly to one another, “Small wonder that Trojans and Achaeans should
endure so much and so long, for the sake of a woman so marvellously and
divinely lovely. Still, fair though she be, let them take her and go, or she will
breed sorrow for us and for our children after us.”
But Priam bade her draw nigh. “My child,” said he, “take your seat in front
of me that you may see your former husband, your kinsmen and your friends. I
lay no blame upon you, it is the gods, not you who are to blame. It is they that
have brought about this terrible war with the Achaeans. Tell me, then, who is
yonder huge hero so great and goodly? I have seen men taller by a head, but
none so comely and so royal. Surely he must be a king.”

Korean
chirrup: 쯧쯧하다, 쯧쯧하여 어르다, goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가
짹짹, 갈채하다, 쯧쯧, 지저귀다. 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
delicately: 미묘하게, 정교하게, mantle: 덮개, 맨틀, 망토, 덮다,
섬세하게, 우아하게, 고상하게. 여자의 소매 없는 외투, 망토로 싸다,
divinely: 신처럼, 신과 같이, 신에 벽난로 선반, 벽난로의 앞장식,
의하여, 신의힘으로, 거룩하게. 액체에 더껑이가 앉다, 더껑이가
doings: 행동, 행실, 행사, 사건, 소행, 앉다.
몸가짐. marvellously: 굉장하게, 신기할 만큼.
fluent: 유창한, 능변의, 완만한, 변량, nigh: 인색한, 가까운, 근친의, 바람을
부드러운, 변수, 흐르는 듯 한, 옆으로 받으며, 아주 비슷한,
흐르는듯한. 아슬아슬한, 시간적으로 가까이, 시간
따위 가까운, 이해 관계가 깊은,
왼쪽인, 정밀하게.
seated: 걸상이 ~한, 앉는 부분이 ~한,
엉덩이가~한.
sister-in-law: 제수, 형수, 시누이,
올케, 처제.
straightway: 곧, 당장에, 직접
일직선의, 즉시, 즉각, 일직선으로,
직선의, 일직선의.
yonder: 저기에, 저쪽, 훨씬 저쪽의,
저곳에, 저곳에의.
40 The Iliad

“Sir,” answered Helen, “father of my husband, dear and reverend in my

eyes, would that I had chosen death rather than to have come here with your
son, far from my bridal chamber, my friends, my darling daughter, and all the
companions of my girlhood. But it was not to be, and my lot is one of tears and
sorrow. As for your question, the hero of whom you ask is Agamemnon, son of
Atreus, a good king and a brave soldier, brother-in-law as surely as that he lives,
to my abhorred and miserable self.”%
The old man marvelled at him and said, “Happy son of Atreus, child of good
fortune. I see that the Achaeans are subject to you in great multitudes. When I
was in Phrygia I saw much horsemen, the people of Otreus and of Mygdon, who
were camping upon the banks of the river Sangarius; I was their ally, and with
them when the Amazons, peers of men, came up against them, but even they
were not so many as the Achaeans.”
The old man next looked upon Ulysses; “Tell me,” he said, “who is that other,
shorter by a head than Agamemnon, but broader across the chest and shoulders?
His armour is laid upon the ground, and he stalks in front of the ranks as it were
some great woolly ram ordering his ewes.”
And Helen answered, “He is Ulysses, a man of great craft, son of Laertes. He
was born in rugged Ithaca, and excels in all manner of stratagems and subtle
cunning.”
On this Antenor said, “Madam, you have spoken truly. Ulysses once came
here as envoy about yourself, and Menelaus with him. I received them in my
own house, and therefore know both of them by sight and conversation. When
they stood up in presence of the assembled Trojans, Menelaus was the broader
shouldered, but when both were seated Ulysses had the more royal presence.
After a time they delivered their message, and the speech of Menelaus ran
trippingly on the tongue; he did not say much, for he was a man of few words,
but he spoke very clearly and to the point, though he was the younger man of the
two; Ulysses, on the other hand, when he rose to speak, was at first silent and
kept his eyes fixed upon the ground. There was no play nor graceful movement
of his sceptre; he kept it straight and stiff like a man unpractised in oratory—one

Korean
ally: 동맹하다, 친척이다-동맹자, 시의 결구, 외교관, 특히 전권 공사. 딱딱한사람, 잘움직이지 않는, 경직한
결연하다, 동류의, 원조자, 연합하다, girlhood: 소녀임, 소녀들, 소녀 시절, 팽팽한.
제휴시키다, 연합시키다, 동맹국, 소녀 시대. trippingly: 경쾌하게, 발걸음을
결합시키다, 결연시키다. graceful: 우미한, 우아한. 가벼이, 가벼운 발걸음으로.
bridal: 신부의, 새색시, 혼례, 혼례의, miserable: 비참한, 불쌍한, 초라한, unpractised: 미숙한, 실행되지 않은,
결혼식. 딱한, 빈약한, 천박한. 미경험의, 실지로 쓰이지 않는.
brother-in-law: 자매의 남편, 자형, reverend: 목사, 성직의, 거룩한, woolly: 희미한 모직의 옷, 양털의,
형부, 남편 또는 아내의 형제. 성직자, 숭상할 만한, 신부, 존경할 뭉게뭉게 피어오른, 양털 같은,
camping: 야영, 캠프생활, 캠프 생활, 만한, 존귀한, 님. 양모의, 알아들을 수 없는, 솜털이
천막 생활. stiff: 시체, 딱딱한, 빡빡한, 독한, 있는, 모직 내의, 거칠고 활기 있는,
envoy: 결구, 사절, 전권공사, 공사, 강세의, 완고한, 뻣뻣한, 되게 반죽된, 모직 의류.
 Homer 41

might%have taken him for a mere churl or simpleton; but when he raised his
voice, and the words came driving from his deep chest like winter snow before
the wind, then there was none to touch him, and no man thought further of what
he looked like.”
Priam then caught sight of Ajax and asked, “Who is that great and goodly
warrior whose head and broad shoulders tower above the rest of the Argives?”
“That,” answered Helen, “is huge Ajax, bulwark of the Achaeans, and on the
other side of him, among the Cretans, stands Idomeneus looking like a god, and
with the captains of the Cretans round him. Often did Menelaus receive him as a
guest in our house when he came visiting us from Crete. I see, moreover, many
other Achaeans whose names I could tell you, but there are two whom I can
nowhere find, Castor, breaker of horses, and Pollux the mighty boxer; they are
children of my mother, and own brothers to myself. Either they have not left
Lacedaemon, or else, though they have brought their ships, they will not show
themselves in battle for the shame and disgrace that I have brought upon them.”
She knew not that both these heroes were already lying under the earth in
their own land of Lacedaemon.
Meanwhile the heralds were bringing the holy oath-offerings through the
city—two lambs and a goatskin of wine, the gift of earth; and Idaeus brought the
mixing bowl and the cups of gold. He went up to Priam and said, “Son of
Laomedon, the princes of the Trojans and Achaeans bid you come down on to
the plain and swear to a solemn covenant. Alexandrus and Menelaus are to fight
for Helen in single combat, that she and all her wealth may go with him who is
the victor. We are to swear to a solemn covenant of peace whereby we others
shall dwell here in Troy, while the Achaeans return to Argos and the land of the
Achaeans.”
The old man trembled as he heard, but bade his followers yoke the horses,
and they made all haste to do so. He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in
his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the
Scaean gates on to the plain. When they reached the ranks of the Trojans and

Korean
boxer: 권투선수, 복서, 실크해트, 실크 combat: 전투, 격투, 분투하다, 싸우다, 말탄, 박힌, 붙박이한, 대를 붙인,
해트, 권투 선수. 와 싸우다, 투쟁하다, 을 제거하기 말에 탄, 자전거에 탄, 탈것에 탄,
breaker: 부서지는 파도, 위해 노력하다, 을 제거하기위해 계획되어 있는.
깨뜨리는사람, 깨뜨리는 기계, 물통, 싸우다, 격투하다, 투쟁, 전투용의. reins: 신장, 허리, 감정과 애정, 콩팥,
조련사, 파쇄기, 파쇄자. disgrace: 창피, 치욕, 욕보이다, 눈 신장부분, 고삐, 제어의 수단.
bulwark: 누벽, 방어하다, 방파제, 밖에 나 있음, 불명예, 수치가 되다, simpleton: 바보, 얼간이.
뱃전, 성채. 총애를 잃게 하다, 망신시키는 것. whereby: 어떻게, 그에 의하여, 하는,
churl: 최하층의 자유민, 신분이 낮은 goatskin: 염소 가죽. 무엇에 의하여.
사람, 구두쇠, 촌사람, 야비한 사나이, mixing: 혼성, 음량조정, 믹싱, 음량 yoke: 멍에, 멜대, 어깨, 한쌍의 가축,
심술꾸러기, 시골뜨기, 비천한 사람, 조정, 영상 조정. 허리, 지배, 어울리다, 멍에문, 함께
거친남자, 무뚝뚝한 남자, 거친 남자. mounted: 기동력이 있는, 기마의, 일하다, 결합시키다, 이음목.
42 The Iliad

Achaeans they left the chariot, and with measured pace advanced into the space
between the hosts.%
Agamemnon and Ulysses both rose to meet them. The attendants brought on
the oath-offerings and mixed the wine in the mixing-bowls; they poured water
over the hands of the chieftains, and the son of Atreus drew the dagger that hung
by his sword, and cut wool from the lambs’ heads; this the men-servants gave
about among the Trojan and Achaean princes, and the son of Atreus lifted up his
hands in prayer. “Father Jove,” he cried, “that rulest in Ida, most glorious in
power, and thou oh Sun, that seest and givest ear to all things, Earth and Rivers,
and ye who in the realms below chastise the soul of him that has broken his oath,
witness these rites and guard them, that they be not vain. If Alexandrus kills
Menelaus, let him keep Helen and all her wealth, while we sail home with our
ships; but if Menelaus kills Alexandrus, let the Trojans give back Helen and all
that she has; let them moreover pay such fine to the Achaeans as shall be agreed
upon, in testimony among those that shall be born hereafter. And if Priam and
his sons refuse such fine when Alexandrus has fallen, then will I stay here and
fight on till I have got satisfaction.”
As he spoke he drew his knife across the throats of the victims, and laid them
down gasping and dying upon the ground, for the knife had reft them of their
strength. Then they poured wine from the mixing-bowl into the cups, and
prayed to the everlasting gods, saying, Trojans and Achaeans among one
another, “Jove, most great and glorious, and ye other everlasting gods, grant that
the brains of them who shall first sin against their oaths—of them and their
children—may be shed upon the ground even as this wine, and let their wives
become the slaves of strangers.”
Thus they prayed, but not as yet would Jove grant them their prayer. Then
Priam, descendant of Dardanus, spoke, saying, “Hear me, Trojans and Achaeans,
I will now go back to the wind-beaten city of Ilius: I dare not with my own eyes
witness this fight between my son and Menelaus, for Jove and the other
immortals alone know which shall fall.”

brains: 뛰어난 지능을 가진 사람.
chastise: 벌하다, 을 몹시 비난하다,
혼내주다, 응징하다.
dagger: 단도, 칼표, 이중 칼표, 무서운
눈초리로 노려보다, 심한적의를 품고.
dying: 죽어가는, 임종, 임종의, 죽음,
꺼져가는, 사망, 죽을.
everlasting: 영구한, 영원한, 끝없는,
변함없는, 영원, 영겁, 지루한, 떡쑥,
영구, 영원히 계속되는, 튼튼한 나사.
gasping: 숨결이 가쁜, 경련하는,
Korean
헐떡거리는. 증거, 신의 가르침, 신앙 성명, 성서,
laid: 집에 틀어박힌, 몸져 누워 있는. 십계명, 고백, 증엄.
oath: 맹세, 선서, 저주, 신의 이름을 thou: 너는, 네가, 달러, 당신은, 천개,
남용하기, 욕설. 파운드.
sail: 돛, 범주, 척의 배, 돛배, 범주력, wives: 부인들.
항정, 날개, 달리게 하다, 범주하다, wool: 모직물, 털실, 모직의, 양털,
돛단배, 건너다. 고수머리, 양모, 모직물의, 양털
sin: 잘못, 죄, 칠죄종, 짓다, 위반, 모양의 것, 면모.
저지르다, 벌받을 일, 죄를 짓다, ye: 너희들, 호칭으로 사용, 이인칭
사인, 신. 대명사의 복수형, 명령문에서 사용,
testimony: 증명, 항의, 십계, 증언, 이인칭 대명사.
 Homer 43

On%this he laid the two lambs on his chariot and took his seat. He gathered
the reins in his hand, and Antenor sat beside him; the two then went back to
Ilius. Hector and Ulysses measured the ground, and cast lots from a helmet of
bronze to see which should take aim first. Meanwhile the two hosts lifted up
their hands and prayed saying, “Father Jove, that rulest from Ida, most glorious
in power, grant that he who first brought about this war between us may die,
and enter the house of Hades, while we others remain at peace and abide by our
oaths.”
Great Hector now turned his head aside while he shook the helmet, and the
lot of Paris flew out first. The others took their several stations, each by his horses
and the place where his arms were lying, while Alexandrus, husband of lovely
Helen, put on his goodly armour. First he greaved his legs with greaves of good
make and fitted with ancle-clasps of silver; after this he donned the cuirass of his
brother Lycaon, and fitted it to his own body; he hung his silver-studded sword
of bronze about his shoulders, and then his mighty shield. On his comely head
he set his helmet, well-wrought, with a crest of horse-hair that nodded
menacingly above it, and he grasped a redoubtable spear that suited his hands.
In like fashion Menelaus also put on his armour.
When they had thus armed, each amid his own people, they strode fierce of
aspect into the open space, and both Trojans and Achaeans were struck with awe
as they beheld them. They stood near one another on the measured ground,
brandishing their spears, and each furious against the other. Alexandrus aimed
first, and struck the round shield of the son of Atreus, but the spear did not
pierce it, for the shield turned its point. Menelaus next took aim, praying to
Father Jove as he did so. “King Jove,” he said, “grant me revenge on Alexandrus
who has wronged me; subdue him under my hand that in ages yet to come a
man may shrink from doing ill deeds in the house of his host.”
He poised his spear as he spoke, and hurled it at the shield of Alexandrus.
Through shield and cuirass it went, and tore the shirt by his flank, but
Alexandrus swerved aside, and thus saved his life. Then the son of Atreus drew
his sword, and drove at the projecting part of his helmet, but the sword fell

Korean
abide: 지탱하다, 살다, 머무르다, flank: 측면, 측면을지키다, 옆구리,
기다리다, 참고 견디다, 지속하다, 구리, 부대의측면, 부대의 측면,
머물다, 달게 받다, 규칙을 엄수하다, 측면의, 의 측면에 서다, 측면에
각오하고 기다리다, 따르다. 위치하다, 측면을 공격하다.
awe: 외경하다, 경외, 두려움. greaves: 굳기름 찌끼, 굳기름찌끼,
crest: 꼭대기, 볏, 갈기, 도가머리, 기름 찌끼.
물마루, 산꼭대기, 새깃 장식, 용마루, menacingly: 협박적으로.
관모, 꼭대기 장식, 머리장식. projecting: 돌출한.
cuirass: 동체 갑옷, 몸통 갑옷, 보호 redoubtable: 무서운, 외경스러운,
골판, 에게 동체 갑옷을 입히다, 장갑, 존경할 만한, 당당한, 가공할, 가공할
장갑하다, 흉갑. 만한.
shield: 방패, 보호물, 수호하다, 무늬,
방패가 되다, 실드, 방패꼴, 보호하다,
보호자, 숨기다, 순상부.
shrink: 뒷걸음질, 정신과 의사,
뒷걸음질 치다, 움츠리다, 추측,
줄어들다, 줄어들게 하다, 방축
가공하다, 수축, 오그라들다,
움츠러지다.
struck: 파업으로 폐쇄된.
subdue: 정복하다, 억제하다, 이기다,
복종시키다, 누르다, 부드럽게 하다.
44 The Iliad

shivered in three or four pieces from his hand, and he cried, looking towards
Heaven, “Father Jove, of all gods thou art the most despiteful; I made sure of my
revenge, but the sword has broken in my hand, my spear has been hurled in
vain, and I have not killed him.”
With this he flew at Alexandrus, caught him by the horsehair plume of his
helmet, and began dragging him towards the Achaeans. The strap of the helmet
that went under his chin was choking him, and Menelaus would have dragged
him off to his own great glory had not Jove’s daughter Venus been quick to mark
and to break the strap of oxhide, so that the empty helmet came away in his
hand. This he flung to his comrades among the Achaeans, and was again
springing upon Alexandrus to run him through with a spear, but Venus
snatched him up in a moment (as a god can do), hid him under a cloud of
darkness, and conveyed him to his own bedchamber.%
Then she went to call Helen, and found her on a high tower with the Trojan
women crowding round her. She took the form of an old woman who used to
dress wool for her when she was still in Lacedaemon, and of whom she was very
fond. Thus disguised she plucked her by perfumed robe and said, “Come hither;
Alexandrus says you are to go to the house; he is on his bed in his own room,
radiant with beauty and dressed in gorgeous apparel. No one would think he
had just come from fighting, but rather that he was going to a dance, or had done
dancing and was sitting down.”
With these words she moved the heart of Helen to anger. When she marked
the beautiful neck of the goddess, her lovely bosom, and sparkling eyes, she
marvelled at her and said, “Goddess, why do you thus beguile me? Are you
going to send me afield still further to some man whom you have taken up in
Phrygia or fair Meonia? Menelaus has just vanquished Alexandrus, and is to take
my hateful self back with him. You are come here to betray me. Go sit with
Alexandrus yourself; henceforth be goddess no longer; never let your feet carry
you back to Olympus; worry about him and look after him till he make you his
wife, or, for the matter of that, his slave—but me? I shall not go; I can garnish his

Korean
apparel: 의복, 차리다, 꾸미다, 의상, despiteful: 심술모은, 악의 있는, plume: 깃털, 깃털로 장장식하다,
제복의장식수-입히다, 입히다, 짓궂은. 물기둥-새가 부리로 깃털을 고르다,
기성복, 제복, 장식. disguised: 속임수의, 술취한, 변장한. 연기나 구름 따위의 기둥, 영예 표시,
beguile: 기만하다, 지루함을 잊게 garnish: 문식, 고명, 장식, 장식하다, 깃 모양의 털, 새가 깃털을 다듬다,
하다, 사취하다, 즐겁게하다, 기쁘게 고명을 곁들이다, 통고, 채권 차압 깃털로 꾸미다, 깃털로 장식하다,
하다, 속이다, 잊게 하다. 통고를 하다, 장식물. 다듬다, 명예 표시.
bosom: 가슴, 껴안다, 내부, 마음속에 henceforth: 차후, 이후, 금후. radiant: 빛나는, 즐거운 듯한, 광점,
간직하다, 믿고 있는, 품, 흉부, horsehair: 말총, 마소직, 말총의. 빛을 내는, 복사의, 찬란한, 빛을
흉부슴속, 가슴속, 속, 표면. oxhide: 쇠가죽. 발하는, 방사의, 방사점, 방산 분포의,
choking: 숨막히는, 숨막힘, 목이 멘 perfumed: 방향을 내는, 에 향수를 방사되는.
듯한 숨막힘, 목메는 듯한, 색류의. 뿌리는. springing: 도약운동, 스프링.
 Homer 45

bed no longer; I should be a by-word among all the women of Troy. Besides, I
have trouble on my mind.”
Venus was very angry, and said, “Bold hussy, do not provoke me; if you do, I
shall leave you to your fate and hate you as much as I have loved you. I will stir
up fierce hatred between Trojans and Achaeans, and you shall come to a bad
end.”
At this Helen was frightened. She wrapped her mantle about her and went in
silence, following the goddess and unnoticed by the Trojan women.%
When they came to the house of Alexandrus the maid-servants set about their
work, but Helen went into her own room, and the laughter-loving goddess took
a seat and set it for her facing Alexandrus. On this Helen, daughter of aegis-
bearing Jove, sat down, and with eyes askance began to upbraid her husband.
“So you are come from the fight,” said she; “would that you had fallen rather
by the hand of that brave man who was my husband. You used to brag that you
were a better man with hands and spear than Menelaus. Go, then, and challenge
him again—but I should advise you not to do so, for if you are foolish enough to
meet him in single combat, you will soon fall by his spear.”
And Paris answered, “Wife, do not vex me with your reproaches. This time,
with the help of Minerva, Menelaus has vanquished me; another time I may
myself be victor, for I too have gods that will stand by me. Come, let us lie down
together and make friends. Never yet was I so passionately enamoured of you as
at this moment—not even when I first carried you off from Lacedaemon and
sailed away with you—not even when I had converse with you upon the couch
of love in the island of Cranae was I so enthralled by desire of you as now.” On
this he led her towards the bed, and his wife went with him.
Thus they laid themselves on the bed together; but the son of Atreus strode
among the throng, looking everywhere for Alexandrus, and no man, neither of
the Trojans nor of the allies, could find him. If they had seen him they were in no
mind to hide him, for they all of them hated him as they did death itself. Then
Agamemnon, king of men, spoke, saying, “Hear me, Trojans, Dardanians, and

Korean
advise: 충고하다, 조언하다, 알리다, 시술하다, 띄우다, 쌓이다, 말로 격심하게.
통지하다, 통고하다, 의논하다, 표현하다, 못자리, 잠복하다, 누이다, stir: 활동, 움직이다, 움직임, 휘젓다,
권하다, 상담하다. 침석, 휴식처. 뒤섞다, 흥분, 찌르기, 휘젓기,
brag: 자랑하다, 자랑, 허풍떨다, enamoured: 매혹된. 유통하다, 흥분시키다, 활동하다.
허풍선이, 흰소리, 자랑꾼, foolish: 하찮은, 바보같은, 미련한, unnoticed: 눈에 띄지 않는,
카드놀이의 일종, 허풍, 자랑거리. 어리석은. 돌보아지지 않는, 주의를 끌지않는,
converse: 담화, 교제, 반대, 뒤바뀐, frightened: 깜짝 놀란, 겁먹은. 주목되지 않는, 주의되지 않는.
전환 명제, 친하게 사귀다, 함께 hated: 미워하는. vex: 성나게 하다, 짜증나게하다, 을
이야기하다, 역, 거꾸로의, hatred: 증오, 혐오, 몹시 싫어함, 미움. 분해하다, 뒤흔들리게 하다,
이야기하다, 회화. hussy: 말괄량이, 반짇고리. 동요시키다, 괴롭히다, 초조하게
couch: 침상, 눕다, 초자체 전위를 passionately: 열렬히, 격노하여, 하다, 격랑이 일게 하다.
46 The Iliad

allies. The victory has been with Menelaus; therefore give back Helen with all
her wealth, and pay such fine as shall be agreed upon, in testimony among them
that shall be born hereafter.”%
Thus spoke the son of Atreus, and the Achaeans shouted in applause.

Korean
agreed: 동의하여, 일치한, 협정한. 제동자로 바퀴를 멈추다, 단목,
allies: 연합국의. 스포우크, 살을 달다.
born: 타고난, 태어난, 으로 태어난. testimony: 증명, 항의, 십계, 증언,
fine: 훌륭한, 섬세한, 예리한, 미세한, 증거, 신의 가르침, 신앙 성명, 성서,
맑게 갠, 고운, 순도가 높은, 가는, 십계명, 고백, 증엄.
아름다운, 품위있는 고상한, 우수한. victory: 승리, 승리의 여신, 정복.
son: 아들, 자손, 젊은이, 병신 같은 놈, wealth: 재산, 부, 풍부, 재화, 자본,
치사한 놈, 양자, 사위, 계승자, 예수, 부유, 행복.
자제, 나라사람.
spoke: 살, 에 살을 달다, 가로장, 바퀴
멈추개, 타륜의 손잡이, 제륜자,
 Homer 47

BOOK IV

Now%the gods were sitting with Jove in council upon the golden floor while
Hebe went round pouring out nectar for them to drink, and as they pledged one
another in their cups of gold they looked down upon the town of Troy. The son
of Saturn then began to tease Juno, talking at her so as to provoke her.
“Menelaus,” said he, “has two good friends among the goddesses, Juno of Argos,
and Minerva of Alalcomene, but they only sit still and look on, while Venus
keeps ever by Alexandrus’ side to defend him in any danger; indeed she has just
rescued him when he made sure that it was all over with him—for the victory
really did lie with Menelaus. We must consider what we shall do about all this;
shall we set them fighting anew or make peace between them? If you will agree
to this last Menelaus can take back Helen and the city of Priam may remain still
inhabited.”
Minerva and Juno muttered their discontent as they sat side by side hatching
mischief for the Trojans. Minerva scowled at her father, for she was in a furious
passion with him, and said nothing, but Juno could not contain herself. “Dread
son of Saturn,” said she, “what, pray, is the meaning of all this? Is my trouble,
then, to go for nothing, and the sweat that I have sweated, to say nothing of my
horses, while getting the people together against Priam and his children? Do as
you will, but we other gods shall not all of us approve your counsel.”

Korean
anew: 재차, 다시, 새로이, 다시 한번. 무서운 사람. 일으키다, 일으키다, 야기하다,
approve: 찬성하다, 시인하다, hatching: 선영, 해칭, 평행선의 음영, 화나게 하다.
실증하다, 인가하다, 마음에들다, 선영긋기. sweat: 땀, 고역, 혹사하다, 걱정하여,
승인하다, 보여주다-시인하다, inhabited: 사람이 살고 있는. 땀 흘려 일하다, 열심히 일하여,
보여주다, 좋다고 인정하다, minerva: 미네르바, 지혜의 여신. 고문하다, 땀으로 적시다, 땀을
수락하다, 임을 보이다. mischief: 장난, 해, 손해, 위해, 고자, 흘리게 하다, 땀을 흘리다, 물기.
discontent: 불만, 불만을 품게하다, 익살, 재난의 씨, 장난꾸러기, 도대체. sweated: 저임금 노동의.
불만의 원인, 불만이 있는, 불평이 nectar: 넥타, 감로, 꽃의 꿀, 달콤한 tease: 괴롭히기, 조르기, 놀려대기,
있는. 음료, 신들의 술, 신주과즙, 미주. 조르는 사람, 놀려대는 사람,
dread: 공포, 두려움, 두려워하다, pouring: 붓는 것, 붓는 것의. 괴롭히다, 괴롭히는 사람, 조르다,
걱정하다, 격정하다, 무서운 물건, provoke: 자극하다, 성나게 하다, 불러 놀려대다, 곯리는 사람, 곯리기.
48 The Iliad

Jove was angry and answered, “My dear, what harm have Priam and his sons
done you that you are so hotly bent on sacking the city of Ilius? Will nothing do
for you but you must within their walls and eat Priam raw, with his sons and all
the other Trojans to boot? Have it your own way then; for I would not have this
matter become a bone of contention between us. I say further, and lay my saying
to your heart, if ever I want to sack a city belonging to friends of yours, you must
not try to stop me; you will have to let me do it, for I am giving in to you sorely
against my will. Of all inhabited cities under the sun and stars of heaven, there
was none that I so much respected as Ilius with Priam and his whole people.
Equitable feasts were never wanting about my altar, nor the savour of burning
fat, which is honour due to ourselves.”%
“My own three favourite cities,” answered Juno, “are Argos, Sparta, and
Mycenae. Sack them whenever you may be displeased with them. I shall not
defend them and I shall not care. Even if I did, and tried to stay you, I should
take nothing by it, for you are much stronger than I am, but I will not have my
own work wasted. I too am a god and of the same race with yourself. I am
Saturn’s eldest daughter, and am honourable not on this ground only, but also
because I am your wife, and you are king over the gods. Let it be a case, then, of
give-and-take between us, and the rest of the gods will follow our lead. Tell
Minerva to go and take part in the fight at once, and let her contrive that the
Trojans shall be the first to break their oaths and set upon the Achaeans.”
The sire of gods and men heeded her words, and said to Minerva, “Go at
once into the Trojan and Achaean hosts, and contrive that the Trojans shall be the
first to break their oaths and set upon the Achaeans.”
This was what Minerva was already eager to do, so down she darted from
the topmost summits of Olympus. She shot through the sky as some brilliant
meteor which the son of scheming Saturn has sent as a sign to mariners or to
some great army, and a fiery train of light follows in its wake. The Trojans and
Achaeans were struck with awe as they beheld, and one would turn to his
neighbour, saying, “Either we shall again have war and din of combat, or Jove
the lord of battle will now make peace between us.”

Korean
contention: 논쟁, 투쟁, 논쟁점, equitable: 형평법상의, 공평한, 흥분하여, 맹렬히, 매우 성을 내어,
말다툼, 논전, 주장, 경쟁. 공정한. 골나서, 노기를 띠고.
contrive: 연구하다, 꾸미다, 고안하다, fiery: 불의, 염증을 일으킨, 불빛의, meteor: 유성, 대기현상.
계획하다, 일부러 저지르다, 꾀하다, 불같은, 불타고있는, 격하기 쉬운, respected: 훌륭한, 소문난,
꾸려나가다, 설계하다, 획책하다, 작열하는, 열렬한, 얼얼한, 인화하기 높이평가되는.
일부러 초래하다, 꾸려 나가다. 쉬운, 폭발하기 쉬운. sorely: 슬픈, 따끔 따끔 쑤시는,
din: 소음, 뇌고 되뇌이다, 소음이 give-and-take: 주고받기, 주고받음. 고통을일으키는, 상처, 성난, 비통,
나다, 소음으로 멍멍하게 하다, 귀를 honourable: 고귀한, 명예로운, 힘사게, 아프게, 진무른데, 지독한,
멍멍하게 하다, 울리다. 존경할만한, 고위의, 영광의, 존경할 격심한.
displeased: 화난. 만한. stars: 별빛.
eldest: 가장나이많은, 가장 나이 많은. hotly: 뜨겁게, 열심히, 열렬히, 몹시, wasted: 황폐한, 살해된, 지나간.
 Homer 49

Thus%did they converse. Then Minerva took the form of Laodocus, son of
Antenor, and went through the ranks of the Trojans to find Pandarus, the
redoubtable son of Lycaon. She found him standing among the stalwart heroes
who had followed him from the banks of the Aesopus, so she went close up to
him and said, “Brave son of Lycaon, will you do as I tell you? If you dare send an
arrow at Menelaus you will win honour and thanks from all the Trojans, and
especially from prince Alexandrus—he would be the first to requite you very
handsomely if he could see Menelaus mount his funeral pyre, slain by an arrow
from your hand. Take your home aim then, and pray to Lycian Apollo, the
famous archer; vow that when you get home to your strong city of Zelea you will
offer a hecatomb of firstling lambs in his honour.”
His fool’s heart was persuaded, and he took his bow from its case. This bow
was made from the horns of a wild ibex which he had killed as it was bounding
from a rock; he had stalked it, and it had fallen as the arrow struck it to the heart.
Its horns were sixteen palms long, and a worker in horn had made them into a
bow, smoothing them well down, and giving them tips of gold. When Pandarus
had strung his bow he laid it carefully on the ground, and his brave followers
held their shields before him lest the Achaeans should set upon him before he
had shot Menelaus. Then he opened the lid of his quiver and took out a winged
arrow that had not yet been shot, fraught with the pangs of death. He laid the
arrow on the string and prayed to Lycian Apollo, the famous archer, vowing that
when he got home to his strong city of Zelea he would offer a hecatomb of
firstling lambs in his honour. He laid the notch of the arrow on the oxhide
bowstring, and drew both notch and string to his breast till the arrow-head was
near the bow; then when the bow was arched into a half-circle he let fly, and the
bow twanged, and the string sang as the arrow flew gladly on over the heads of
the throng.
But the blessed gods did not forget thee, O Menelaus, and Jove’s daughter,
driver of the spoil, was the first to stand before thee and ward off the piercing
arrow. She turned it from his skin as a mother whisks a fly from off her child
when it is sleeping sweetly; she guided it to the part where the golden buckles of

arched: 아치형의, 활모양의, 홍예가
있는, 궁형의.
arrow-head: 자고, 화살촉.
blessed: 축복을 받은, 행복한, 복된,
신성한, 저주받은, 축복받은, 축성된,
기쁜.
bowstring: 교수용 밧줄, 시위.
firstling: 첫수확, 맏배, 맏물, 최초의
결과, 최초의 산물, 햇것.
fraught: 충분한, 고민하는, 충만한.
horn: 뿔, 촉각, 촉수, 뿔제품, 뿔이
Korean
나다, 뿔로 받다, 주제넘게 나서다, 에 stalwart: 충실한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 키가
뿔이 나게 하다, 쑥 나온 끝, 양도 크고 늠름한 사람, 매우 충실한 사람,
논법의 뿔, 각제품. 매우 충실한, 키가 크고 늠름한.
horns: 어느 한 쪽. sweetly: 상냥하게, 달게, 귀엽게,
ibex: 아이벡스, 야생 염소. 향기롭게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 잘
notch: 단, 오늬, 급, 애로, 새긴 금, 들어, 아름답게.
산길, 꿰다, 기록하다, 벤자리, 재다, thee: 너를, 너에게.
금을 그어 기록하다. winged: 날개를 다친, 고속의, 날개
piercing: 꿰찌르는, 날카로운, 뼈에 있는, 팔을 다친, 빠른, 신속한,
사무치는, 통찰력 있는, 꿰뚫는. 숭고한, 적절한, 날개를 쓰는,
pyre: 화장용의 장작더미, 장작더미. 비양하는, 날 수 있는.
50 The Iliad

the belt that passed over his double cuirass were fastened, so the arrow struck
the belt that went tightly round him. It went right through this and through the
cuirass of cunning workmanship; it also pierced the belt beneath it, which he
wore next his skin to keep out darts or arrows; it was this that served him in the
best stead, nevertheless the arrow went through it and grazed the top of the skin,
so that blood began flowing from the wound.%
As when some woman of Meonia or Caria strains purple dye on to a piece of
ivory that is to be the cheek-piece of a horse, and is to be laid up in a treasure
house—many a knight is fain to bear it, but the king keeps it as an ornament of
which both horse and driver may be proud—even so, O Menelaus, were your
shapely thighs and your legs down to your fair ancles stained with blood.
When King Agamemnon saw the blood flowing from the wound he was
afraid, and so was brave Menelaus himself till he saw that the barbs of the arrow
and the thread that bound the arrow-head to the shaft were still outside the
wound. Then he took heart, but Agamemnon heaved a deep sigh as he held
Menelaus’s hand in his own, and his comrades made moan in concert. “Dear
brother,” he cried, “I have been the death of you in pledging this covenant and
letting you come forward as our champion. The Trojans have trampled on their
oaths and have wounded you; nevertheless the oath, the blood of lambs, the
drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship in which we have put our trust
shall not be vain. If he that rules Olympus fulfil it not here and now, he will yet
fulfil it hereafter, and they shall pay dearly with their lives and with their wives
and children. The day will surely come when mighty Ilius shall be laid low, with
Priam and Priam’s people, when the son of Saturn from his high throne shall
overshadow them with his awful aegis in punishment of their present treachery.
This shall surely be; but how, Menelaus, shall I mourn you, if it be your lot now
to die? I should return to Argos as a by-word, for the Achaeans will at once go
home. We shall leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, and
the earth will rot your bones as you lie here at Troy with your purpose not
fulfilled. Then shall some braggart Trojan leap upon your tomb and say, ‘Ever
thus may Agamemnon wreak his vengeance; he brought his army in vain; he is

Korean
arrow: 화살, 화살표, 굵은화살. mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, 형태 가좋은.
braggart: 자랑꾼의, 자랑꾼, 허풍선이, 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, stead: 대신, 장소, 이익, 도움, 남에게
자랑하는. 탄식하다. 쓸모가 도움이 되다, 남에게 쓸모가
darts: 다츠. ornament: 장식품, 장식, 광채를 있다.
fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, 더하는 사람, 꾸미다, 꾸밈음, treachery: 배반, 배신, 반역.
하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, 예배용품, 빛을 더해주는 것, 빛을 vengeance: 복수, 극단으로, 철저하게,
부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는. 더해주는 사람, 장식하다, 교회의 원수 갚기, 원수갚기.
moan: 신음하다, 한탄하다, 예배용품. workmanship: 솜씨, 완성된 품, 세공,
끙끙거리다, 신음, 슬픔의 신음, 불행 overshadow: 에 그림자를 던지다, 기량, 세공품.
따위를 한탄하다, 고통의 신음, 신음 무색하게 만들다, 그늘지게 하다. wreak: 가하다, 내다, 터뜨리다,
소리. shapely: 모양이 좋은, 모양 가좋은, 복수하다.
 Homer 51

gone home to his own land with empty ships, and has left Menelaus behind
him.’ Thus will one of them say, and may the earth then swallow me.”%
But Menelaus reassured him and said, “Take heart, and do not alarm the
people; the arrow has not struck me in a mortal part, for my outer belt of
burnished metal first stayed it, and under this my cuirass and the belt of mail
which the bronze-smiths made me.”
And Agamemnon answered, “I trust, dear Menelaus, that it may be even so,
but the surgeon shall examine your wound and lay herbs upon it to relieve your
pain.”
He then said to Talthybius, “Talthybius, tell Machaon, son to the great
physician, Aesculapius, to come and see Menelaus immediately. Some Trojan or
Lycian archer has wounded him with an arrow to our dismay, and to his own
great glory.”
Talthybius did as he was told, and went about the host trying to find
Machaon. Presently he found standing amid the brave warriors who had
followed him from Tricca; thereon he went up to him and said, “Son of
Aesculapius, King Agamemnon says you are to come and see Menelaus
immediately. Some Trojan or Lycian archer has wounded him with an arrow to
our dismay and to his own great glory.”
Thus did he speak, and Machaon was moved to go. They passed through the
spreading host of the Achaeans and went on till they came to the place where
Menelaus had been wounded and was lying with the chieftains gathered in a
circle round him. Machaon passed into the middle of the ring and at once drew
the arrow from the belt, bending its barbs back through the force with which he
pulled it out. He undid the burnished belt, and beneath this the cuirass and the
belt of mail which the bronze-smiths had made; then, when he had seen the
wound, he wiped away the blood and applied some soothing drugs which
Chiron had given to Aesculapius out of the good will he bore him.
While they were thus busy about Menelaus, the Trojans came forward
against them, for they had put on their armour, and now renewed the fight.

Korean
alarm: 경보, 놀람, 경보기, 자명종, 근심시키다, 당황케 하다, 놀람. 시키다, 덜어주다, 돋보이게 하다,
공포, 놀란, 공보, 일보 내딛고 하는 mortal: 치명적인, 인간의, 인간, 두드러지게 하다, 교대하다,
도전, 놀라운, 경보를 전하다. 불치의, 길고 긴, 생각할 수 있는, 구출하다.
amid: 의 한 복판에, 의 한가운데에, 지루한, 죽어야 할, 죽어야 할 것, soothing: 누그러뜨리는, 달래는 듯한,
이 한창일 때, 한창 한는 중에, 사람, 가능한-죽어야 할 것. 달래는.
복판에, 의 한복판에, 한창 때에. outer: 바깥쪽의, 외면의, 밖의, 과녁 surgeon: 군의관, 외과 의사, 선의.
belt: 띠, 때리다, 혁대, 지방, 벨트, 밖, 표적의 중심권 이외의 부분, wound: 해치다, 상처를 입히다, 부상,
해협, 줄 무늬, 띠로 붙들어 매다, 중심권 이외의 부분, 객관적인. 고통, 손해, 사랑의 상처, 상처,
띠를 매다, 순환 도로, 에 띠를 physician: 의사, 내과 의사. 상처내다, 부상하게 하다, 손상.
두르다. relieve: 구제하다, 해직하다, wounded: 부상한, 상처입은,
dismay: 당황, 경악, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 안심시키다, 덜다, 경감하다, 대조 부상자들.
52 The Iliad

You would not have then found Agamemnon asleep nor cowardly and
unwilling to fight, but eager rather for the fray. He left his chariot rich with
bronze and his panting steeds in charge of Eurymedon, son of Ptolemaeus the
son of Peiraeus, and bade him hold them in readiness against the time his limbs
should weary of going about and giving orders to so many, for he went among
the ranks on foot. When he saw men hasting to the front he stood by them and
cheered them on. “Argives,” said he, “slacken not one whit in your onset; father
Jove will be no helper of liars; the Trojans have been the first to break their oaths
and to attack us; therefore they shall be devoured of vultures; we shall take their
city and carry off their wives and children in our ships.”%
But he angrily rebuked those whom he saw shirking and disinclined to fight.
“Argives,” he cried, “cowardly miserable creatures, have you no shame to stand
here like frightened fawns who, when they can no longer scud over the plain,
huddle together, but show no fight? You are as dazed and spiritless as deer.
Would you wait till the Trojans reach the sterns of our ships as they lie on the
shore, to see whether the son of Saturn will hold his hand over you to protect
you?”
Thus did he go about giving his orders among the ranks. Passing through the
crowd, he came presently on the Cretans, arming round Idomeneus, who was at
their head, fierce as a wild boar, while Meriones was bringing up the battalions
that were in the rear. Agamemnon was glad when he saw him, and spoke him
fairly. “Idomeneus,” said he, “I treat you with greater distinction than I do any
others of the Achaeans, whether in war or in other things, or at table. When the
princes are mixing my choicest wines in the mixing-bowls, they have each of
them a fixed allowance, but your cup is kept always full like my own, that you
may drink whenever you are minded. Go, therefore, into battle, and show
yourself the man you have been always proud to be.”
Idomeneus answered, “I will be a trusty comrade, as I promised you from the
first I would be. Urge on the other Achaeans, that we may join battle at once, for
the Trojans have trampled upon their covenants. Death and destruction shall be
theirs, seeing they have been the first to break their oaths and to attack us.”

Korean
arming: 무장, 접극자, 무장을 갖춤. 사람, 위안자, 원조자, 돕는사람,
boar: 멧돼지, 수퇘지. 구조자, 협력자, 돕는 사람.
bronze: 청동, 청동의, 갈색으로 huddle: 난잡, 되는대로 해치우다,
만들다, 청동색의, 청동색으로 급히 입다, 뒤죽박죽 섞어 모으다,
만들다, 청동빛으로 만들다, 청동 붐비다, 쳐넣다, 밀담, 쌓아 올리다,
제품, 청동빛으로 되다, 청동색, 어중이떠중이의 집단, 아무렇게나
청동빛. 포개어 쌓다, 선수들이 상의하기
deer: 사슴. 위해서 스크럼선 뒤에 모이다.
disinclined: 하고 싶지 않은, 내키지 onset: 개시, 공격, 습격.
않는. readiness: 신속, 준비, 쾌락, 준비성,
helper: 조수, 지지자, 조력자, 거드는 준비가 되어 있음, 용이, 자진해서함,
재빠름.
scud: 질주, 지나가는 비, 질주하다,
날아가는 구름, 소나기, 휙 날아감, 휙
달림, 장거리 지대지 유도 미사일의
나토 코드명.
spiritless: 생기 없는, 마음내키지
않는, 기운 없는, 생명 없는.
theirs: 그들의 것.
unwilling: 마음 내키지 않은, 바라지
않는, 마음 내키지 않는, 반항적인.
whit: 조금, 미소, 성령 강림 대축일.
 Homer 53

The son of Atreus went on, glad at heart, till he came upon the two Ajaxes
arming themselves amid a host of foot-soldiers. As when a goat-herd from some
high post watches a storm drive over the deep before the west wind—black as
pitch is the offing and a mighty whirlwind draws towards him, so that he is
afraid and drives his flock into a cave—even thus did the ranks of stalwart
youths move in a dark mass to battle under the Ajaxes, horrid with shield and
spear. Glad was King Agamemnon when he saw them. “No need,” he cried, “to
give orders to such leaders of the Argives as you are, for of your own selves you
spur your men on to fight with might and main. Would, by father Jove, Minerva,
and Apollo that all were so minded as you are, for the city of Priam would then
soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it.”%
With this he left them and went onward to Nestor, the facile speaker of the
Pylians, who was marshalling his men and urging them on, in company with
Pelagon, Alastor, Chromius, Haemon, and Bias shepherd of his people. He
placed his knights with their chariots and horses in the front rank, while the foot-
soldiers, brave men and many, whom he could trust, were in the rear. The
cowards he drove into the middle, that they might fight whether they would or
no. He gave his orders to the knights first, bidding them hold their horses well in
hand, so as to avoid confusion. “Let no man,” he said, “relying on his strength or
horsemanship, get before the others and engage singly with the Trojans, nor yet
let him lag behind or you will weaken your attack; but let each when he meets
an enemy’s chariot throw his spear from his own; this be much the best; this is
how the men of old took towns and strongholds; in this wise were they minded.”
Thus did the old man charge them, for he had been in many a fight, and King
Agamemnon was glad. “I wish,” he said to him, “that your limbs were as supple
and your strength as sure as your judgment is; but age, the common enemy of
mankind, has laid his hand upon you; would that it had fallen upon some other,
and that you were still young.”
And Nestor, knight of Gerene, answered, “Son of Atreus, I too would gladly
be the man I was when I slew mighty Ereuthalion; but the gods will not give us
everything at one and the same time. I was then young, and now I am old; still I

Korean
engage: 약속하다, 교전하다, 걸리다, 뒤떨어짐, 느릿느릿 걷다, 복역 기간, 돌출부, 격려, 박차를 가하다, 아이젠,
예약하다, 고용하다, 정치에 관계된, 죄수, 통의 널판, 겉씌우개로 싸다, 짧은 가지, 자극, 지선, 박차를 달다.
속박하다, 당기다, 종사시키다, 투옥하다, 더디다. supple: 유순한, 나긋나긋한, 유연한,
교전시키다, 관계된. mankind: 남성, 인간, 인류. 경쾌한, 아첨하는, 유연하게 하다,
flock: 신도, 모이다, 무리짓다, 무리, offing: 난바다. 유순하게 하다, 유순하게 되다.
군중, 떼지어 오다, 떼, 털 부스러기를 shepherd: 목사, 이끌다, 양치는 사람, weaken: 약해지다, 결단성이
채우다, 털솜부스러기, 한뭉치의 지키다, 양치기, 치다, 인도하다, 없어지다, 묽게 하다, 우유 부단하게
양털, 털뭉치. 목양견. 되다, 약하게 하다, 약화시키다,
horrid: 무서운, 지독한. singly: 단독으로, 혼자서, 제 힘으로, 꺾이다, 굴복하다, 흔들거리다.
horsemanship: 마술. 하나씩, 한 사람씩. whirlwind: 선풍, 회오리 바람,
lag: 지연, 뒤떨어지다, 시간의 착오, spur: 박차, 격려하다, 며느리발톱, 급격한, 소용돌이침.
54 The Iliad

can go with my knights and give them that counsel which old men have a right
to give. The wielding of the spear I leave to those who are younger and stronger
than myself.”%
Agamemnon went his way rejoicing, and presently found Menestheus, son
of Peteos, tarrying in his place, and with him were the Athenians loud of tongue
in battle. Near him also tarried cunning Ulysses, with his sturdy Cephallenians
round him; they had not yet heard the battle-cry, for the ranks of Trojans and
Achaeans had only just begun to move, so they were standing still, waiting for
some other columns of the Achaeans to attack the Trojans and begin the fighting.
When he saw this Agamemnon rebuked them and said, “Son of Peteos, and you
other, steeped in cunning, heart of guile, why stand you here cowering and
waiting on others? You two should be of all men foremost when there is hard
fighting to be done, for you are ever foremost to accept my invitation when we
councillors of the Achaeans are holding feast. You are glad enough then to take
your fill of roast meats and to drink wine as long as you please, whereas now
you would not care though you saw ten columns of Achaeans engage the enemy
in front of you.”
Ulysses glared at him and answered, “Son of Atreus, what are you talking
about? How can you say that we are slack? When the Achaeans are in full fight
with the Trojans, you shall see, if you care to do so, that the father of Telemachus
will join battle with the foremost of them. You are talking idly.”
When Agamemnon saw that Ulysses was angry, he smiled pleasantly at him
and withdrew his words. “Ulysses,” said he, “noble son of Laertes, excellent in
all good counsel, I have neither fault to find nor orders to give you, for I know
your heart is right, and that you and I are of a mind. Enough; I will make you
amends for what I have said, and if any ill has now been spoken may the gods
bring it to nothing.”
He then left them and went on to others. Presently he saw the son of Tydeus,
noble Diomed, standing by his chariot and horses, with Sthenelus the son of
Capaneus beside him; whereon he began to upbraid him. “Son of Tydeus,” he
said, “why stand you cowering here upon the brink of battle? Tydeus did not

Korean
amends: 보상, 배상, 배상하다, 벌충, ill: 서투른, 병든, 나쁜, 나쁘게, 불행,
보상하다. 악, 불친절하게, 불친절한, 고난,
brink: 가장자리, 찰나, 위기, 물가, 병고, 형편이 나쁜.
고비, 정상. invitation: 초대, 유언, 유혹, 유인,
columns: 열. 초빙, 권유, 도전, 매력, 안내장.
enemy: 적, 적군적함, 원수, 악마, orders: 명령, 성직.
적병, 적의, 해를 주는 것, 적국의. pleasantly: 유쾌하게, 상냥하게,
fault: 과실, 결점, 책임, 단층, 테니스 즐겁게, 쾌활하게.
폴트, 단점, 실수, 흠, 냄새 자취를 rejoicing: 기쁨, 환호, 환희, 축하,
잃음, 잘못. 축하하여, 환호하여, 환락, 축연.
guile: 교활, 배신, 간교한 책략, 간지. roast: 불고기, 굽기, 구워지다, 굽다,
데우다, 구운, 조롱, 볶다, 익히다,
심한 조롱, 생선을굽다.
spoken: 구두, 입으로 말하는, 구두의,
담화에 사용되는, 말에 사용되는.
sturdy: 억센, 불굴의, 완강한, 건전한,
우람스러운.
tongue: 말, 혀, 국어, 탕, 혀를
사용하여 불다, 혀를 사용하다,
널름거리다, 혀 모양의 것, 말하다, 혀
모양의 가장자리를 만들다, 혀처럼
생긴 것.
 Homer 55

shrink%thus, but was ever ahead of his men when leading them on against the
foe—so, at least, say they that saw him in battle, for I never set eyes upon him
myself. They say that there was no man like him. He came once to Mycenae, not
as an enemy but as a guest, in company with Polynices to recruit his forces, for
they were levying war against the strong city of Thebes, and prayed our people
for a body of picked men to help them. The men of Mycenae were willing to let
them have one, but Jove dissuaded them by showing them unfavourable omens.
Tydeus, therefore, and Polynices went their way. When they had got as far the
deep-meadowed and rush-grown banks of the Aesopus, the Achaeans sent
Tydeus as their envoy, and he found the Cadmeans gathered in great numbers to
a banquet in the house of Eteocles. Stranger though he was, he knew no fear on
finding himself single-handed among so many, but challenged them to contests
of all kinds, and in each one of them was at once victorious, so mightily did
Minerva help him. The Cadmeans were incensed at his success, and set a force of
fifty youths with two captains—the godlike hero Maeon, son of Haemon, and
Polyphontes, son of Autophonus—at their head, to lie in wait for him on his
return journey; but Tydeus slew every man of them, save only Maeon, whom he
let go in obedience to heaven’s omens. Such was Tydeus of Aetolia. His son can
talk more glibly, but he cannot fight as his father did.”
Diomed made no answer, for he was shamed by the rebuke of Agamemnon;
but the son of Capaneus took up his words and said, “Son of Atreus, tell no lies,
for you can speak truth if you will. We boast ourselves as even better men than
our fathers; we took seven-gated Thebes, though the wall was stronger and our
men were fewer in number, for we trusted in the omens of the gods and in the
help of Jove, whereas they perished through their own sheer folly; hold not, then,
our fathers in like honour with us.”
Diomed looked sternly at him and said, “Hold your peace, my friend, as I bid
you. It is not amiss that Agamemnon should urge the Achaeans forward, for the
glory will be his if we take the city, and his the shame if we are vanquished.
Therefore let us acquit ourselves with valour.”

Korean
acquit: 석방하다, 변제, 방면하다, boast: 자랑하다, 가지고 있다, 자랑, 지배.
면제하다, 영주증, 다하다, 석방번, 뽐내다, 큰소리치다, 호언장담하다, recruit: 보충하다, 신병을 모집하다,
수행, 행동하다, 연기하다, 을 대강 다듬다, 과시하다, 가지다, 자랑 신회원, 신병, 보양하다, 원기가
해제하다. 거리. 회복되다, 회복시키다, 증가하다,
amiss: 어긋나서, 잘못한, 형편이 나쁜, glibly: 유창하게, 그럴싸하게, 줄줄, 신입사원, 원기를 북돋우다, 에
고장난, 빗나가서, 수사납게, 이 유창히, 입심좋게. 신병을 넣다.
적절하지 않은, 잘못되어, 탈이 나서, glory: 장관, 기뻐하다, 영광, 후광, single-handed: 한 손의, 한 손으로,
이 적질하지 않은. 명예, 번영, 죽다, 송영, 자랑하다, 홀로, 단신.
banquet: 연회, 향을을 받다, 향연- 찬미, 성조기. unfavourable: 형편이 나쁜, 불리한,
향응하다, 연회 대접을 받다, 연회를 mightily: 힘차게. 불길한, 호의적이 아닌, 못생긴,
베풀어 대접하다. obedience: 복종, 귀의, 교회의 권위, 바람직하지 못한.
56 The Iliad

As he spoke he sprang from his chariot, and his armour rang so fiercely about
his body that even a brave man might well have been scared to hear it.%
As when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west wind
has lashed it into fury—it has reared its head afar and now comes crashing down
on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over the jagged rocks and spews its
salt foam in all directions—even so did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans
march steadfastly to battle. The chiefs gave orders each to his own people, but
the men said never a word; no man would think it, for huge as the host was, it
seemed as though there was not a tongue among them, so silent were they in
their obedience; and as they marched the armour about their bodies glistened in
the sun. But the clamour of the Trojan ranks was as that of many thousand ewes
that stand waiting to be milked in the yards of some rich flockmaster, and bleat
incessantly in answer to the bleating of their lambs; for they had not one speech
nor language, but their tongues were diverse, and they came from many
different places. These were inspired of Mars, but the others by Minerva—and
with them came Panic, Rout, and Strife whose fury never tires, sister and friend
of murderous Mars, who, from being at first but low in stature, grows till she
uprears her head to heaven, though her feet are still on earth. She it was that
went about among them and flung down discord to the waxing of sorrow with
even hand between them.
When they were got together in one place shield clashed with shield and
spear with spear in the rage of battle. The bossed shields beat one upon another,
and there was a tramp as of a great multitude—death-cry and shout of triumph
of slain and slayers, and the earth ran red with blood. As torrents swollen with
rain course madly down their deep channels till the angry floods meet in some
gorge, and the shepherd on the hillside hears their roaring from afar—even such
was the toil and uproar of the hosts as they joined in battle.
First Antilochus slew an armed warrior of the Trojans, Echepolus, son of
Thalysius, fighting in the foremost ranks. He struck at the projecting part of his
helmet and drove the spear into his brow; the point of bronze pierced the bone,
and darkness veiled his eyes; headlong as a tower he fell amid the press of the

Korean
arching: 궁형부, 아치. 협화하지 않다.
bleat: 매애, 매애 울다, 우는 소리, headlong: 거꾸로, 곧바로, 성급한,
매애하고 울다, 재잘재잘 말하다, 무모하게, 거꾸로의, 곤두박이의.
재잘재잘 지껄이다. hillside: 산허리, 산중턱.
bleating: 울음소리, 우는 소리. incessantly: 끊임없는, 간단 없이,
bossed: 돌기물이 붙은, 양각 장식한, 끊임 없이.
돋을새김이 붙은, 돋을 새김이 붙은. jagged: 톱니 모양의, 들쭉날쭉하게
brow: 이마, 눈썹, 벼랑 꼭대기, 벼랑, 된, 들쭉날쭉한, 이상하게 된, 바위
얼굴. 따위의 톱니와 같은, 톱니와 같은.
discord: 불일치, 불협화음, 일치하지 lashed: 속눈썹이 있는, 속눈썹이 ...한.
않다, 불화하다, 부조화, 불화, madly: 미쳐서, 극단으로, 몹시,
미친듯이.
roaring: 떠들썩한, 포효, 활발한,
으르렁거림, 술마시며 떠드는, 소리,
경기가 좋은, 굉음, 극도로, 노호하는,
굉굉히 울리는.
serried: 밀집한, 빽빽이 들어찬.
steadfastly: 확고부동하게, 불변으로.
swollen: 부푼, 물이 불은, 과장된.
veiled: 분명치 않은, 가면을 쓴,
감추어진, 베일로 덮인, 숨겨진.
waxing: 탈모, 구타, 레코드, 제모.
 Homer 57

fight, and as he dropped King Elephenor, son of Chalcodon and captain of the
proud Abantes began dragging him out of reach of the darts that were falling
around him, in haste to strip him of his armour. But his purpose was not for
long; Agenor saw him haling the body away, and smote him in the side with his
bronze-shod spear—for as he stooped his side was left unprotected by his
shield—and thus he perished. Then the fight between Trojans and Achaeans
grew furious over his body, and they flew upon each other like wolves, man and
man crushing one upon the other.%
Forthwith Ajax, son of Telamon, slew the fair youth Simoeisius, son of
Anthemion, whom his mother bore by the banks of the Simois, as she was
coming down from Mt. Ida, where she had been with her parents to see their
flocks. Therefore he was named Simoeisius, but he did not live to pay his parents
for his rearing, for he was cut off untimely by the spear of mighty Ajax, who
struck him in the breast by the right nipple as he was coming on among the
foremost fighters; the spear went right through his shoulder, and he fell as a
poplar that has grown straight and tall in a meadow by some mere, and its top is
thick with branches. Then the wheelwright lays his axe to its roots that he may
fashion a felloe for the wheel of some goodly chariot, and it lies seasoning by the
waterside. In such wise did Ajax fell to earth Simoeisius, son of Anthemion.
Thereon Antiphus of the gleaming corslet, son of Priam, hurled a spear at Ajax
from amid the crowd and missed him, but he hit Leucus, the brave comrade of
Ulysses, in the groin, as he was dragging the body of Simoeisius over to the other
side; so he fell upon the body and loosed his hold upon it. Ulysses was furious
when he saw Leucus slain, and strode in full armour through the front ranks till
he was quite close; then he glared round about him and took aim, and the
Trojans fell back as he did so. His dart was not sped in vain, for it struck
Democoon, the bastard son of Priam, who had come to him from Abydos, where
he had charge of his father’s mares. Ulysses, infuriated by the death of his
comrade, hit him with his spear on one temple, and the bronze point came
through on the other side of his forehead. Thereon darkness veiled his eyes, and
his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. Hector, and
they that were in front, then gave round while the Argives raised a shout and
Korean
corslet: 허리에 두르는 갑옷, 곤충의 nipple: 젖꼭지, 고무 젖꼭지, 그리스 unprotected: 무방비의, 보호 없는,
흉부, 코르셋과 브래지어를 합친 주입구, 젖꼭지 모양으로 생긴것, 관세의 보호를 받지 않는, 보호자가
여성용 속옷, 갑옷의 동부. 파이프 이음쇠, 젖꼭지 모양의 것. 없는, 보호가 없는, 보호를 받지 않는.
crushing: 눌러 터뜨리는, 압도적인, poplar: 그 재목, 사시나무, 포플라, untimely: 때 아닌, 철 아닌, 때아닌
박살내는, 결정적인, 분쇄하는, 포플러. 때에, 계제가 나쁘게, 계제가 나쁜,
궤멸적인, 눌러 터뜨리는 것. rattling: 활발한, 굉장한, 때에 맞지 않게, 시기 상조의, 계제
felloe: 테, 모피점. 덜거덕거리는, 훌륭한, 아주, 성가신, 나쁜.
groin: 궁릉, 샅, 그로인, 고간, 교차한 매우, 딸랑거리는, 대단히, 기운찬, waterside: 물가, 물가에서 일하는,
두개의 원기둥, 궁륭. 귀찮은. 수변, 물가의.
infuriated: 격노한. seasoning: 조미, 건재, 조미료, wheelwright: 수레 목수.
meadow: 목초지, 강변의 낮은 풀밭. 완화제, 익힘, 양념. wolves: 늑대들.
58 The Iliad

drew off the dead, pressing further forward as they did so. But Apollo looked
down from Pergamus and called aloud to the Trojans, for he was displeased.
“Trojans,” he cried, “rush on the foe, and do not let yourselves be thus beaten by
the Argives. Their skins are not stone nor iron that when hit them you do them
no harm. Moreover, Achilles, the son of lovely Thetis, is not fighting, but is
nursing his anger at the ships.”
Thus spoke the mighty god, crying to them from the city, while Jove’s
redoubtable daughter, the Trito-born, went about among the host of the
Achaeans, and urged them forward whenever she beheld them slackening.%
Then fate fell upon Diores, son of Amarynceus, for he was struck by a jagged
stone near the ancle of his right leg. He that hurled it was Peirous, son of
Imbrasus, captain of the Thracians, who had come from Aenus; the bones and
both the tendons were crushed by the pitiless stone. He fell to the ground on his
back, and in his death throes stretched out his hands towards his comrades. But
Peirous, who had wounded him, sprang on him and thrust a spear into his belly,
so that his bowels came gushing out upon the ground, and darkness veiled his
eyes. As he was leaving the body, Thoas of Aetolia struck him in the chest near
the nipple, and the point fixed itself in his lungs. Thoas came close up to him,
pulled the spear out of his chest, and then drawing his sword, smote him in the
middle of the belly so that he died; but he did not strip him of his armour, for his
Thracian comrades, men who wear their hair in a tuft at the top of their heads,
stood round the body and kept him off with their long spears for all his great
stature and valour; so he was driven back. Thus the two corpses lay stretched on
earth near to one another, the one captain of the Thracians and the other of the
Epeans; and many another fell round them.
And now no man would have made light of the fighting if he could have
gone about among it scatheless and unwounded, with Minerva leading him by
the hand, and protecting him from the storm of spears and arrows. For many
Trojans and Achaeans on that day lay stretched side by side face downwards
upon the earth.

Korean
aloud: 큰 소리로, 똑똑히, 소리 내어. 심한, 좌시할 수없는, 지독한. 육아 업무, 직업으로서의 육아 업무.
belly: 배, 복부, 식욕, 위, 자궁- downwards: 쇠미한, 쇠잔하여, pitiless: 무정한, 무자비한.
부풀게하다, 태내, 불룩한 부분, 아래쪽으로. pressing: 긴급한, 무리하게 조르는,
부풀다. foe: 적, 적군, 원수, 상대. 프레스한 레코드, 화급한, 압착물,
bowels: 동정심이 깃드는 곳, 인정이 gushing: 넘쳐 나오는, 지나치게 억누름, 졸라대는, 압착하기, 긴급의.
깃드는 곳. 감상적인, 용솟음쳐 나오는, scatheless: 해를 입지 않고, 무난한,
crushed: 진압하는, 압착하는, 쑤셔 솟아나오는, 분출하는, 내뿜는, 무사한, 상처없는, 무사하여.
넣는, 서로 밀고 들어가는, 밀어 넣는, 감정을 과장해서 나타내는. tuft: 술, 술을 달다, 타래, 송이져 나다,
무너지는, 눌러 부수는, 궤멸시키는, nursing: 육아, 양육하는, 양육받는, 꽃의 송이, 덤불, 황제 수염, 술이
구김살투성이로 만드는. 젖먹이기, 보육, 병구완간호, 되다, 술로 장식하다, 금빛 수실, 숲.
crying: 외치는, 긴급한, 울부짖는, 간호하는, 간호사의일, 양육되는, valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
 Homer 59

BOOK V

Then%Pallas Minerva put valour into the heart of Diomed, son of Tydeus,
that he might excel all the other Argives, and cover himself with glory. She made
a stream of fire flare from his shield and helmet like the star that shines most
brilliantly in summer after its bath in the waters of Oceanus—even such a fire
did she kindle upon his head and shoulders as she bade him speed into the
thickest hurly-burly of the fight.
Now there was a certain rich and honourable man among the Trojans, priest
of Vulcan, and his name was Dares. He had two sons, Phegeus and Idaeus, both
of them skilled in all the arts of war. These two came forward from the main
body of Trojans, and set upon Diomed, he being on foot, while they fought from
their chariot. When they were close up to one another, Phegeus took aim first,
but his spear went over Diomed’s left shoulder without hitting him. Diomed
then threw, and his spear sped not in vain, for it hit Phegeus on the breast near
the nipple, and he fell from his chariot. Idaeus did not dare to bestride his
brother’s body, but sprang from the chariot and took to flight, or he would have
shared his brother’s fate; whereon Vulcan saved him by wrapping him in a
cloud of darkness, that his old father might not be utterly overwhelmed with
grief; but the son of Tydeus drove off with the horses, and bade his followers
take them to the ships. The Trojans were scared when they saw the two sons of
Dares, one of them in fright and the other lying dead by his chariot. Minerva,
Korean
bestride: 걸터타다, 걸리다, 가랑이를 너울거리다. 불붙다, 태우다.
벌리고 건너 뛰다, 걸터 타다, 걸터 fright: 돌연한 공포, 우스운 사람, minerva: 미네르바, 지혜의 여신.
앉다, 건너 넘다, 걸터앉다, 서다, 추악한사람, 추악한 사람, nipple: 젖꼭지, 고무 젖꼭지, 그리스
가랑이를 벌리고 걸터타다. 우스운사람, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 보기 주입구, 젖꼭지 모양으로 생긴것,
brilliantly: 훌륭히, 찬연히, 번쩍번쩍, 흉한 물건, 도깨비 같은 사람, 도깨비 파이프 이음쇠, 젖꼭지 모양의 것.
찬한히, 빈들빈들하게, 재기가 넘쳐. 같은 물건, 공포, 보기 흉한 사람. scared: 깜짝 놀란, 겁에 질린, 겁을
excel: 능가하다, 뛰어나다, 빼어나다. hurly-burly: 대소동. 집어먹은, 하기가 겁나는.
flare: 너울너울타오르다, 발끈하다, kindle: 타오르게 하다, 빛나다, valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
플레어가 되다, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다, 확 점화하다, 불을 붙이다, 밝게 하다, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
타오름, 플레어, 폭발의, 폭발, 불이 붙다, 흥분하다, 얼굴 따위가 wrapping: 포장, 쌈의, 실내복, 쌈.
섬광으로 신호하다, 돌발하다, 빛나다, 정열 따위를 타오르게 하다,
60 The Iliad

therefore, took Mars by the hand and said, “Mars, Mars, bane of men,
bloodstained stormer of cities, may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans
to fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the victory? Let us
go away, and thus avoid his anger.”
So saying, she drew Mars out of the battle, and set him down upon the steep
banks of the Scamander. Upon this the Danaans drove the Trojans back, and each
one of their chieftains killed his man. First King Agamemnon flung mighty
Odius, captain of the Halizoni, from his chariot. The spear of Agamemnon
caught him on the broad of his back, just as he was turning in flight; it struck him
between the shoulders and went right through his chest, and his armour rang
rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground.%
Then Idomeneus killed Phaesus, son of Borus the Meonian, who had come
from Varne. Mighty Idomeneus speared him on the right shoulder as he was
mounting his chariot, and the darkness of death enshrouded him as he fell
heavily from the car.
The squires of Idomeneus spoiled him of his armour, while Menelaus, son of
Atreus, killed Scamandrius the son of Strophius, a mighty huntsman and keen
lover of the chase. Diana herself had taught him how to kill every kind of wild
creature that is bred in mountain forests, but neither she nor his famed skill in
archery could now save him, for the spear of Menelaus struck him in the back as
he was flying; it struck him between the shoulders and went right through his
chest, so that he fell headlong and his armour rang rattling round him.
Meriones then killed Phereclus the son of Tecton, who was the son of
Hermon, a man whose hand was skilled in all manner of cunning workmanship,
for Pallas Minerva had dearly loved him. He it was that made the ships for
Alexandrus, which were the beginning of all mischief, and brought evil alike
both on the Trojans and on Alexandrus himself; for he heeded not the decrees of
heaven. Meriones overtook him as he was flying, and struck him on the right
buttock. The point of the spear went through the bone into the bladder, and
death came upon him as he cried aloud and fell forward on his knees.

Korean
bane: 독, 파멸, 해, 파멸의 원인. 쫓아내다, 을 추구하다, 떠나다. lover: 애호자, 연인, 애인, 찬미자,
bladder: 방광, 부레, 수포, 신문, 해초 creature: 생물, 창조물, 인간, 노예, 문예 따위의 애호자.
등의 기포, 바람 주머니, 기포, 부푼 소산, 녀석, 사람, 가공의 동물, 지배 mounting: 포가, 설치, 마구, 박제,
것. 당하는 자, 여자, 부하. 장비, 총가, 대포 따위의 설치.
bloodstained: 살인을 한, 피묻은. decrees: 교령집. steep: 담그는 액체, 험한, 엄청난,
buttock: 고물, 엉덩이, 허리치기, evil: 해악, 불길한, 나쁜, 악, 악행, 가풀막, 적시다, 담그다, 담금, 몰두
업어치기, 엉덩이의 한쪽 살 해로운, 해롭게, 사악하게, 불운한, 시키다, 급경사진, 가파른, 적심.
허리치기로 돌리다, 허리치기로 불행하게, 사악한. stormer: 돌격 대원, 급습자, 마구
던지다. huntsman: 사냥개지기, 사냥꾼, 날뛰는사람.
chase: 사냥, 추적, 뒤쫓다, 달리다, 홈, 수렵가. vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다,
달아나다, 사냥하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, knees: 무릎. 허용하다, 허락하다.
 Homer 61

Meges, moreover, slew Pedaeus, son of Antenor, who, though he was a

bastard, had been brought up by Theano as one of her own children, for the love
she bore her husband. The son of Phyleus got close up to him and drove a spear
into the nape of his neck: it went under his tongue all among his teeth, so he bit
the cold bronze, and fell dead in the dust.%
And Eurypylus, son of Euaemon, killed Hypsenor, the son of noble Dolopion,
who had been made priest of the river Scamander, and was honoured among the
people as though he were a god. Eurypylus gave him chase as he was flying
before him, smote him with his sword upon the arm, and lopped his strong hand
from off it. The bloody hand fell to the ground, and the shades of death, with fate
that no man can withstand, came over his eyes.
Thus furiously did the battle rage between them. As for the son of Tydeus,
you could not say whether he was more among the Achaeans or the Trojans. He
rushed across the plain like a winter torrent that has burst its barrier in full
flood; no dykes, no walls of fruitful vineyards can embank it when it is swollen
with rain from heaven, but in a moment it comes tearing onward, and lays many
a field waste that many a strong man’s hand has reclaimed—even so were the
dense phalanxes of the Trojans driven in rout by the son of Tydeus, and many
though they were, they dared not abide his onslaught.
Now when the son of Lycaon saw him scouring the plain and driving the
Trojans pell-mell before him, he aimed an arrow and hit the front part of his
cuirass near the shoulder: the arrow went right through the metal and pierced
the flesh, so that the cuirass was covered with blood. On this the son of Lycaon
shouted in triumph, “Knights Trojans, come on; the bravest of the Achaeans is
wounded, and he will not hold out much longer if King Apollo was indeed with
me when I sped from Lycia hither.”
Thus did he vaunt; but his arrow had not killed Diomed, who withdrew and
made for the chariot and horses of Sthenelus, the son of Capaneus. “Dear son of
Capaneus,” said he, “come down from your chariot, and draw the arrow out of
my shoulder.”

Korean
barrier: 장벽, 관문, 울타리, 방해, 열리는, 열매가잘열리는, 이익이 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰야회.
방벽, 불투과성의, 울타리로 많은, 수확이 많은, 열매를 많이 맺는, scouring: 연마, 설사, 정련, 오물,
둘러싸다, 장애, 장애물. 풍작을 가져오는. 인간쓰레기, 진흙, 쓰레기, 인간 폐물.
dense: 우둔한, 조밀한, 짙은, 농밀한, nape: 목덜미. tearing: 찢는, 괴로운, 냅다, 미친듯이,
머리가 나쁜, 밀집한, 이해하기 힘든. onslaught: 맹공격. 사납게 날뛰는, 잡아뜯는, 맹렬이,
embank: 둑으로 두르다, 둑을 쌓다, rage: 맹위를 떨치다, 격노, 열망, 쥐어 뜯는, 쥐어뜯는 듯한, 맹렬한,
제방을 쌓다. 격노하다, 고조에 달하다, 감흥, 맹렬히.
flood: 홍수, 범람, 범람하다, 대유행, 감동, 열광, 격렬, 날뛰다. teeth: 이.
관개하다, 만조, 밀어닥치다, 넘쳐 rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주, torrent: 연발, 분류, 억수같이 쏟아짐,
흐르다, 쇄도, 호수, 대해, 강. 무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한 억수, 급류.
fruitful: 비옥한, 다산인, 열매가잘 군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 참패 vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다.
62 The Iliad

Sthenelus%sprang from his chariot, and drew the arrow from the wound,
whereon the blood came spouting out through the hole that had been made in
his shirt. Then Diomed prayed, saying, “Hear me, daughter of aegis-bearing
Jove, unweariable, if ever you loved my father well and stood by him in the thick
of a fight, do the like now by me; grant me to come within a spear’s throw of that
man and kill him. He has been too quick for me and has wounded me; and now
he is boasting that I shall not see the light of the sun much longer.”
Thus he prayed, and Pallas Minerva heard him; she made his limbs supple
and quickened his hands and his feet. Then she went up close to him and said,
“Fear not, Diomed, to do battle with the Trojans, for I have set in your heart the
spirit of your knightly father Tydeus. Moreover, I have withdrawn the veil from
your eyes, that you know gods and men apart. If, then, any other god comes here
and offers you battle, do not fight him; but should Jove’s daughter Venus come,
strike her with your spear and wound her.”
When she had said this Minerva went away, and the son of Tydeus again
took his place among the foremost fighters, three times more fierce even than he
had been before. He was like a lion that some mountain shepherd has wounded,
but not killed, as he is springing over the wall of a sheep-yard to attack the
sheep. The shepherd has roused the brute to fury but cannot defend his flock, so
he takes shelter under cover of the buildings, while the sheep, panic-stricken on
being deserted, are smothered in heaps one on top of the other, and the angry
lion leaps out over the sheep-yard wall. Even thus did Diomed go furiously
about among the Trojans.
He killed Astynous, and Hypeiron shepherd of his people, the one with a
thrust of his spear, which struck him above the nipple, the other with a sword-
cut on the collar-bone, that severed his shoulder from his neck and back. He let
both of them lie, and went in pursuit of Abas and Polyidus, sons of the old
reader of dreams Eurydamas: they never came back for him to read them any
more dreams, for mighty Diomed made an end of them. He then gave chase to
Xanthus and Thoon, the two sons of Phaenops, both of them very dear to him,
for he was now worn out with age, and begat no more sons to inherit his

Korean
boasting: 자랑하는, 자랑, 거만. 상속하다, 재산을 물려받다, 이어
brute: 짐승, 싫은 놈, 야수적인, 받다.
감각이 없는, 잔인한. knightly: 기사의, 기사다운, 용감한,
deserted: 버림받은, 사람이 살지 않는, 기사답게, 훈작사의.
활페한, 황폐한. lion: 사자, 용사, 명사, 아이온, 인기의
feet: 발. 중심, 명소, 라이온, 라이온스 클럽의
fury: 격노, 격렬, 표독한 여자, 회원, 사자 별자리, 사자문장, 사자인.
표독한여자, 복수의 여신의 하나, panic-stricken: 공황에 휩쓸린.
표독스러운 계집. pursuit: 추적, 종사, 직업, 수행, 추구,
inherit: 상속하다, 유전하다, 추격, 연구, 속행, 하는 일.
물려받다, 계승하다, 재산을 shelter: 방공호, 보호하다, 피난하다,
보호물, 은신처, 차페물, 주거, 햇빛을
피하다, 비호하다, 비호, 대피호.
sword-cut: 칼에 베인 상처.
thrust: 밀다, 찌르다, 찔러넣다, 공격,
습격, 돌진하다, 찌르기, 혹평,
밀치다, 밀기, 돌격.
veil: 베일, 감추다, 가리개, 구실, 너울,
덮어 가리는 물건, 막, 싸다, 베일을
걸치다, 덮개, 연구개.
withdrawn: 인적이 드문, 내성적인,
빼는.
 Homer 63

possessions. But Diomed took both their lives and left their father sorrowing
bitterly, for he nevermore saw them come home from battle alive, and his
kinsmen divided his wealth among themselves.%
Then he came upon two sons of Priam, Echemmon and Chromius, as they
were both in one chariot. He sprang upon them as a lion fastens on the neck of
some cow or heifer when the herd is feeding in a coppice. For all their vain
struggles he flung them both from their chariot and stripped the armour from
their bodies. Then he gave their horses to his comrades to take them back to the
ships.
When Aeneas saw him thus making havoc among the ranks, he went through
the fight amid the rain of spears to see if he could find Pandarus. When he had
found the brave son of Lycaon he said, “Pandarus, where is now your bow, your
winged arrows, and your renown as an archer, in respect of which no man here
can rival you nor is there any in Lycia that can beat you? Lift then your hands to
Jove and send an arrow at this fellow who is going so masterfully about, and has
done such deadly work among the Trojans. He has killed many a brave man—
unless indeed he is some god who is angry with the Trojans about their
sacrifices, and and has set his hand against them in his displeasure.”
And the son of Lycaon answered, “Aeneas, I take him for none other than the
son of Tydeus. I know him by his shield, the visor of his helmet, and by his
horses. It is possible that he may be a god, but if he is the man I say he is, he is
not making all this havoc without heaven’s help, but has some god by his side
who is shrouded in a cloud of darkness, and who turned my arrow aside when it
had hit him. I have taken aim at him already and hit him on the right shoulder;
my arrow went through the breastpiece of his cuirass; and I made sure I should
send him hurrying to the world below, but it seems that I have not killed him.
There must be a god who is angry with me. Moreover I have neither horse nor
chariot. In my father’s stables there are eleven excellent chariots, fresh from the
builder, quite new, with cloths spread over them; and by each of them there
stand a pair of horses, champing barley and rye; my old father Lycaon urged me
again and again when I was at home and on the point of starting, to take chariots

Korean
barley: 보리. cow: 암소, 암컷, 으르다, 단정치 못한 heifer: 암소, 어린 암소.
bitterly: 쓰게, 격심하게, 비참하게, 여자, 위협하다, 겁을 먹게하다, 젖소, herd: 군중, 몰아 모으다, 지키다,
몹시, 살을 에듯이, 통렬히. 축우. 무리, 떼지어 모이다, 민중.목자,
builder: 건물, 건축, 건축자, 건조자, feeding: 급송, 급수, 송전, 목초지, 목자, 민중, 떼를 짓다, 떼를 모으다,
건설자, 건축업자. 먹음, 사양, 거세지는, 급송하는, 군중의.
cloud: 구름, 흐림, 더럽히다, 구름 음식물을 섭취하는, 섭식. possessions: 재산.
무늬로 아로새기다, 구름으로 덮다, fellow: 한 쪽, 평의원, 자식, 일원, renown: 명성, 고명, 영명.
흐리다, 흐리게 하다, 애매하게 애인, 놈, 동지, 동료, 동무, 한패, rye: 호밀, 호밀 흑빵, 호밀 위스키,
만들다, 부드러운 스카프, 먼지, 어둠. 녀석. 호밀의, 라이 위스키.
coppice: 작은 관목숲, 잡목숲, 작은 havoc: 파괴, 황폐, 대대적으로 visor: 챙, 복면, 마스크, 얼굴 가리개,
관목 숲. 파괴하다, 큰 파란. 미스크, 면갑, 선바이저.
64 The Iliad

and horses with me that I might lead the Trojans in battle, but I would not listen
to him; it would have been much better if I had done so, but I was thinking about
the horses, which had been used to eat their fill, and I was afraid that in such a
great gathering of men they might be ill-fed, so I left them at home and came on
foot to Ilius armed only with my bow and arrows. These it seems, are of no use,
for I have already hit two chieftains, the sons of Atreus and of Tydeus, and
though I drew blood surely enough, I have only made them still more furious. I
did ill to take my bow down from its peg on the day I led my band of Trojans to
Ilius in Hector’s service, and if ever I get home again to set eyes on my native
place, my wife, and the greatness of my house, may some one cut my head off
then and there if I do not break the bow and set it on a hot fire—such pranks as it
plays me.”%
Aeneas answered, “Say no more. Things will not mend till we two go against
this man with chariot and horses and bring him to a trial of arms. Mount my
chariot, and note how cleverly the horses of Tros can speed hither and thither
over the plain in pursuit or flight. If Jove again vouchsafes glory to the son of
Tydeus they will carry us safely back to the city. Take hold, then, of the whip
and reins while I stand upon the car to fight, or else do you wait this man’s onset
while I look after the horses.”
“Aeneas,” replied the son of Lycaon, “take the reins and drive; if we have to
fly before the son of Tydeus the horses will go better for their own driver. If they
miss the sound of your voice when they expect it they may be frightened, and
refuse to take us out of the fight. The son of Tydeus will then kill both of us and
take the horses. Therefore drive them yourself and I will be ready for him with
my spear.”
They then mounted the chariot and drove full-speed towards the son of
Tydeus. Sthenelus, son of Capaneus, saw them coming and said to Diomed,
“Diomed, son of Tydeus, man after my own heart, I see two heroes speeding
towards you, both of them men of might the one a skilful archer, Pandarus son of
Lycaon, the other, Aeneas, whose sire is Anchises, while his mother is Venus.

Korean
cleverly: 완전히, 영리하게, 잘, 행실 따위를 고치다, 사태가 따위를 던지다, 급, 나무로 만든 의족.
실수없이, 솜씨좋게, 솜씨 있게, 호전되다, 개량하다, 꺼질듯한 불을 pranks: 농담.
교묘하게. 살리다, 개심하다. safely: 몹시 조심하는, 무사한, 믿을
gathering: 모임, 채집, 종기, 수확, native: 원주민, 토착의, 자기나라의, 수 있는, 틀림없는, 안전한, 안전하게.
주름, 곪음, 접지 맞추기, 집회, 개더, 출생의, 타고난, 미개인, 그 지방 speeding: 속도위반, 속도를 위반한,
농양, 부어 오름. 고유의, 토착의 동식물, 고속으로 움직이는, 고속 진행.
greatness: 큼, 탁월, 위대, 다대함, 오스트레일리아 태생의 백인, 토인의, whip: 마부, 채찍질하다, 감치다,
저명, 웅대, 다대, 거대, 거대함, 중대, 양식한 영국산굴. 사냥개 담당원, 매, 크림 달걀 따위를
다량. peg: 안정시키다, 부지런히 일하다, 거품일게 한 디저트 과자, 원내총무,
mend: 고치다, 개선하다, 정정하다, 줄조르개, 나무못, 마개, 이유, 위가 낚싯대를 휙 던져 났다, 휘감다,
걸음을 빠르게 하다, 수선하다, 수선, 넓고 아래가 좁아진, 겨누다, 공 단단히 감다, 거품일게 하다.
 Homer 65

Mount the chariot and let us retreat. Do not, I pray you, press so furiously
forward, or you may get killed.”%
Diomed looked angrily at him and answered: “Talk not of flight, for I shall
not listen to you: I am of a race that knows neither flight nor fear, and my limbs
are as yet unwearied. I am in no mind to mount, but will go against them even
as I am; Pallas Minerva bids me be afraid of no man, and even though one of
them escape, their steeds shall not take both back again. I say further, and lay my
saying to your heart—if Minerva sees fit to vouchsafe me the glory of killing
both, stay your horses here and make the reins fast to the rim of the chariot; then
be sure you spring Aeneas’ horses and drive them from the Trojan to the
Achaean ranks. They are of the stock that great Jove gave to Tros in payment for
his son Ganymede, and are the finest that live and move under the sun. King
Anchises stole the blood by putting his mares to them without Laomedon’s
knowledge, and they bore him six foals. Four are still in his stables, but he gave
the other two to Aeneas. We shall win great glory if we can take them.”
Thus did they converse, but the other two had now driven close up to them,
and the son of Lycaon spoke first. “Great and mighty son,” said he, “of noble
Tydeus, my arrow failed to lay you low, so I will now try with my spear.”
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it from him. It struck the shield of
the son of Tydeus; the bronze point pierced it and passed on till it reached the
breastplate. Thereon the son of Lycaon shouted out and said, “You are hit clean
through the belly; you will not stand out for long, and the glory of the fight is
mine.”
But Diomed all undismayed made answer, “You have missed, not hit, and
before you two see the end of this matter one or other of you shall glut tough-
shielded Mars with his blood.”
With this he hurled his spear, and Minerva guided it on to Pandarus’s nose
near the eye. It went crashing in among his white teeth; the bronze point cut
through the root of his tongue, coming out under his chin, and his glistening
armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. The horses
started aside for fear, and he was reft of life and strength.
Korean
angrily: 노하여, 성나서, 화나서, 앉히다, 포가. rim: 가장자리, 수면, 속이다, 테두리,
화내어. payment: 지불, 납입, 납부, 보수, 언저리, 둘러싸다, 테두리 쇠, 큰테,
chin: 턱, 지껄이다, 지껄임, 턱에 갖다 불입, 지급, 지불 금액, 결제, 변제. 외륜, 변두리, 해면.
대다, 잡담, 턱끝, 턱에 대다, 턱끝- pray: 빌다, 제발, 기원하다, 간원하다, root: 뿌리, 어근, 근원, 찾다,
지껄이다, 턱걸이 하다, 턱걸이하다. 기원하여 이루어지게 하다, 기도하다, 정착하다, 자손, 시조, 뿌리박다,
glistening: 반짝이면서. 기도하다-바라다, 바라다, 에게 근절하다, 초목, 뿌리의.
glut: 포식, 식상, 공급 과잉, 과다, 기원하다, 에게 간청하다. stole: 여자용 어깨 걸이, 영대, 스톨,
물리게 하다, 배불리 먹이다, 상품을 retreat: 퇴각, 묵상, 퇴각하다, 은퇴, 길고 헐거운 겉옷, 주부용 외투.
과도하게 공급하다. 은퇴처, 쑥 들어가다, 정수, 물러나다, undismayed: 태연한.
mount: 언덕, 산, 대지, 오르다, 궁, 뒤로 물리다, 귀영 나팔소리, 특히 unwearied: 지치지 않은, 끈덕진,
타다, 박다, 보석의 대좌, 붙이다, 말을 뒤로 물리다. 불굴의.
66 The Iliad

Aeneas sprang from his chariot armed with shield and spear, fearing lest the
Achaeans should carry off the body. He bestrode it as a lion in the pride of
strength, with shield and spear before him and a cry of battle on his lips resolute
to kill the first that should dare face him. But the son of Tydeus caught up a
mighty stone, so huge and great that as men now are it would take two to lift it;
nevertheless he bore it aloft with ease unaided, and with this he struck Aeneas
on the groin where the hip turns in the joint that is called the “cup-bone.” The
stone crushed this joint, and broke both the sinews, while its jagged edges tore
away all the flesh. The hero fell on his knees, and propped himself with his hand
resting on the ground till the darkness of night fell upon his eyes. And now
Aeneas, king of men, would have perished then and there, had not his mother,
Jove’s daughter Venus, who had conceived him by Anchises when he was
herding cattle, been quick to mark, and thrown her two white arms about the
body of her dear son. She protected him by covering him with a fold of her own
fair garment, lest some Danaan should drive a spear into his breast and kill
him.%
Thus, then, did she bear her dear son out of the fight. But the son of
Capaneus was not unmindful of the orders that Diomed had given him. He
made his own horses fast, away from the hurly-burly, by binding the reins to the
rim of the chariot. Then he sprang upon Aeneas’s horses and drove them from
the Trojan to the Achaean ranks. When he had so done he gave them over to his
chosen comrade Deipylus, whom he valued above all others as the one who was
most like-minded with himself, to take them on to the ships. He then remounted
his own chariot, seized the reins, and drove with all speed in search of the son of
Tydeus.
Now the son of Tydeus was in pursuit of the Cyprian goddess, spear in hand,
for he knew her to be feeble and not one of those goddesses that can lord it
among men in battle like Minerva or Enyo the waster of cities, and when at last
after a long chase he caught her up, he flew at her and thrust his spear into the
flesh of her delicate hand. The point tore through the ambrosial robe which the
Graces had woven for her, and pierced the skin between her wrist and the palm

broke: 무일푼의, 파산하여.
dare: 도전하다, 위험을 무릅쓰다,
모험적으로 해보다, 감히 ~ 하다,
용기가 있다, 도전, 무릅쓰다.
feeble: 약한, 연약한, 희미한, 의지가
박약한.
fold: 주름, 접다, 싸다, 접음, 끼다,
안다, 접히다, 습곡, 주름살, 켜, 접은
금.
garment: 의복, 옷, 외피, 의복 한 점.
hip: 엉덩이, 장미의 열매, 허리, 우울,
Korean
정보통의, 최신 유행의, 히피의, 덮개, 길고 헐거운 겉옷, 옷, 예복을
갈채의 첫소리, 잘 알고 있기, 입다, 관복, 장식하다, 예복입히다.
들장미의 열매, 사정에 밝은. unaided: 도움을 받지 않은, 남의
like-minded: 같은 마음의, 같은 도움이 없는.
의견의, 같은 취미의. valued: 존중되는, 평가된, 가치를
protected: 보호된. 가진, 의 가치를 가진.
resolute: 단호한, 굳게 결심한, 의연한, waster: 파치, 파괴자, 낭비자, 살인자,
불굴의, 할 결의인, 굳은결의의. 황폐시키는 사람, 흠 있는 물건,
resting: 휴면하고 있는, 휴식하고 불량품, 불량배, 황폐자, 건달.
있는, 증식하지 않고 있는. wrist: 손목, 손목 관절, 손재주,
robe: 예복, 법복, 긴 유아복, 의복, 피스톤핀, 손목의, 손목을 써서.
 Homer 67

of her hand, so that the immortal blood, or ichor, that flows in the veins of the
blessed gods, came pouring from the wound; for the gods do not eat bread nor
drink wine, hence they have no blood such as ours, and are immortal. Venus
screamed aloud, and let her son fall, but Phoebus Apollo caught him in his arms,
and hid him in a cloud of darkness, lest some Danaan should drive a spear into
his breast and kill him; and Diomed shouted out as he left her, “Daughter of
Jove, leave war and battle alone, can you not be contented with beguiling silly
women? If you meddle with fighting you will get what will make you shudder
at the very name of war.”%
The goddess went dazed and discomfited away, and Iris, fleet as the wind,
drew her from the throng, in pain and with her fair skin all besmirched. She
found fierce Mars waiting on the left of the battle, with his spear and his two
fleet steeds resting on a cloud; whereon she fell on her knees before her brother
and implored him to let her have his horses. “Dear brother,” she cried, “save me,
and give me your horses to take me to Olympus where the gods dwell. I am
badly wounded by a mortal, the son of Tydeus, who would now fight even with
father Jove.”
Thus she spoke, and Mars gave her his gold-bedizened steeds. She mounted
the chariot sick and sorry at heart, while Iris sat beside her and took the reins in
her hand. She lashed her horses on and they flew forward nothing loth, till in a
trice they were at high Olympus, where the gods have their dwelling. There she
stayed them, unloosed them from the chariot, and gave them their ambrosial
forage; but Venus flung herself on to the lap of her mother Dione, who threw her
arms about her and caressed her, saying, “Which of the heavenly beings has
been treating you in this way, as though you had been doing something wrong
in the face of day?”
And laughter-loving Venus answered, “Proud Diomed, the son of Tydeus,
wounded me because I was bearing my dear son Aeneas, whom I love best of all
mankind, out of the fight. The war is no longer one between Trojans and
Achaeans, for the Danaans have now taken to fighting with the immortals.”

Korean
beguiling: 속이는, 기분을 식량을 주다, 식량을 찾아헤맴, 간섭하다.
전환시키는, 기분 전환의, 식량을찾아헤맴. ours: 우리의 것, 우리의 가족, 우리의
심심풀이의, 기만하는. heavenly: 하늘의, 천국 같은, 훌륭한, 연대 따위, 우리의 임무, 우리의 회사.
besmirched: 손상하는, 욕되게 하는, 천부의, 거룩한, 근사한, 타고난, shudder: 떨다, 떪, 몸서리치다, 떨림,
더럽히는. 천국의, 멋진, 천국과 같이. 몸서리.
contented: 만족하고 있는, 흡족해 ichor: 농장, 영액, 이코르, 피와같은 trice: 순간, 끌어올리다, 끌어 올려서
하는, 달갑게 하는, 만족한. 액체, 신의 몸안에 혈액처럼 흐른다는 묶다, 밧줄로 달아 올리다.
dwelling: 주거, 주소, 거처. 영액, 아이코어, 신들의 맥관 속을 venus: 금성, 비너스, 절세의 미인,
forage: 마초, 꼴, 징발, 에게서 마초를 흐르는 영액. 비너스 여신의 그림, 비너스 여신의
징발하다, 마초를 주다, 약탈하다, meddle: 주물럭거리다, 참견하다, 상, 비이너스.
마초를 찾아 다니다, 식량을주다, 만지작거리다, 공연히 만지작거리다,
68 The Iliad

“Bear%it, my child,” replied Dione, “and make the best of it. We dwellers in
Olympus have to put up with much at the hands of men, and we lay much
suffering on one another. Mars had to suffer when Otus and Ephialtes, children
of Aloeus, bound him in cruel bonds, so that he lay thirteen months imprisoned
in a vessel of bronze. Mars would have then perished had not fair Eeriboea,
stepmother to the sons of Aloeus, told Mercury, who stole him away when he
was already well-nigh worn out by the severity of his bondage. Juno, again,
suffered when the mighty son of Amphitryon wounded her on the right breast
with a three-barbed arrow, and nothing could assuage her pain. So, also, did
huge Hades, when this same man, the son of aegis-bearing Jove, hit him with an
arrow even at the gates of hell, and hurt him badly. Thereon Hades went to the
house of Jove on great Olympus, angry and full of pain; and the arrow in his
brawny shoulder caused him great anguish till Paeeon healed him by spreading
soothing herbs on the wound, for Hades was not of mortal mould. Daring, head-
strong, evildoer who recked not of his sin in shooting the gods that dwell in
Olympus. And now Minerva has egged this son of Tydeus on against yourself,
fool that he is for not reflecting that no man who fights with gods will live long
or hear his children prattling about his knees when he returns from battle. Let,
then, the son of Tydeus see that he does not have to fight with one who is
stronger than you are. Then shall his brave wife Aegialeia, daughter of Adrestus,
rouse her whole house from sleep, wailing for the loss of her wedded lord,
Diomed the bravest of the Achaeans.”
So saying, she wiped the ichor from the wrist of her daughter with both
hands, whereon the pain left her, and her hand was healed. But Minerva and
Juno, who were looking on, began to taunt Jove with their mocking talk, and
Minerva was first to speak. “Father Jove,” said she, “do not be angry with me,
but I think the Cyprian must have been persuading some one of the Achaean
women to go with the Trojans of whom she is so very fond, and while caressing
one or other of them she must have torn her delicate hand with the gold pin of
the woman’s brooch.”

Korean
anguish: 격통, 고뇌. 대담한, 모험적인 기상, 모험적인 rouse: 각성, 격려하다,
assuage: 누그러지게하다, 가라앉히다, 용기. 날아오르게하다, 일어나다, 술판,
완화시키다, 만족시키자, 만족시키다, evildoer: 악인. 일으키다, 성나게 하다, 분발, 잠이
완화하다. imprisoned: 교도소에 집어 넣은. 깨다, 휘젓다, 고무하다.
bondage: 속박, 노예의 신분, mould: 지면, 옥토, 곰팡이, 거푸집, severity: 괴로움, 엄격, 간소, 격렬,
노예의신분, 감금, 농노, 농노의 신세. 틀에 넣어 만든 것, 형, 본뜨다, 모진 경험, 통렬함.
brawny: 근골이 억센, 강건한, 근골이 부식토, 성격을 형성하다, 성질, 양토. stepmother: 의붓어머니, 계모,
늠름한, 센, 억센, 튼튼한. pin: 다리, 핀, 못, 병모양의 표주, 의붓어미.
caressing: 애무하는, 달래는 듯한, 밧줄을 비끄러매는 말뚝, 볼링핀, vessel: 배, 도관, 용기, 비행선, 그릇,
귀여워하는. 장식 핀, 줄조르개, 못바늘, 노받이, 맥관, 관, 사람.
daring: 겁이 없는, 대담무쌍한, 하찮은 것-핀을 꽂다. well-nigh: 거의.
 Homer 69

The sire of gods and men smiled, and called golden Venus to his side. “My
child,” said he, “it has not been given you to be a warrior. Attend, henceforth, to
your own delightful matrimonial duties, and leave all this fighting to Mars and
to Minerva.”%
Thus did they converse. But Diomed sprang upon Aeneas, though he knew
him to be in the very arms of Apollo. Not one whit did he fear the mighty god, so
set was he on killing Aeneas and stripping him of his armour. Thrice did he
spring forward with might and main to slay him, and thrice did Apollo beat back
his gleaming shield. When he was coming on for the fourth time, as though he
were a god, Apollo shouted to him with an awful voice and said, “Take heed,
son of Tydeus, and draw off; think not to match yourself against gods, for men
that walk the earth cannot hold their own with the immortals.”
The son of Tydeus then gave way for a little space, to avoid the anger of the
god, while Apollo took Aeneas out of the crowd and set him in sacred Pergamus,
where his temple stood. There, within the mighty sanctuary, Latona and Diana
healed him and made him glorious to behold, while Apollo of the silver bow
fashioned a wraith in the likeness of Aeneas, and armed as he was. Round this
the Trojans and Achaeans hacked at the bucklers about one another’s breasts,
hewing each other’s round shields and light hide-covered targets. Then Phoebus
Apollo said to Mars, “Mars, Mars, bane of men, blood-stained stormer of cities,
can you not go to this man, the son of Tydeus, who would now fight even with
father Jove, and draw him out of the battle? He first went up to the Cyprian and
wounded her in the hand near her wrist, and afterwards sprang upon me too, as
though he were a god.”
He then took his seat on the top of Pergamus, while murderous Mars went
about among the ranks of the Trojans, cheering them on, in the likeness of fleet
Acamas chief of the Thracians. “Sons of Priam,” said he, “how long will you let
your people be thus slaughtered by the Achaeans? Would you wait till they are
at the walls of Troy? Aeneas the son of Anchises has fallen, he whom we held in
as high honour as Hector himself. Help me, then, to rescue our brave comrade
from the stress of the fight.”

Korean
aeneas: 트로이의 용사, 아에네아스. honour: 명예, 도의심, 면목, 명성, 불법탈환, 구제하다, 구제의,
afterwards: 나중에, 후에. 우등, 존경, 끗수가 가장 높은 패, 불법석방, 돕다.
anger: 화, 성, 노염, 노여움, 분노, 명예가 되는 것, 명예상, 에 영광을 slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다,
성나게 하다. 주다, 인수하다. 끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
awful: 무서운, 대단한, 장엄한, killing: 큰 벌이, 죽이는, 도살, 웃기다.
굉장한, 두려운, 무섭다, 몹시, 뇌쇄적인, 사냥에서 잡은 것, 힘겨운, temple: 신전, 관자놀이, 성단, 절,
경외심을 일으키게 하는. 죽이는 일, 우스워 죽일 지경인, 살해, 교회, 사원, 전당, 쳇발, 고대 유대의
cheering: 갈채하는, 격려가 되는, 우스워서 견딜 수 없는, 죽을 것 같은. 3신전의 하나, 안경 다리, 성령의 전.
갈채, 기운을 돋우는. matrimonial: 결혼의, 부부의. thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고.
delightful: 매우 기쁜, 즐거운. rescue: 구조하다, 구출, 구조의, 해방, wraith: 생령, 유령, 망령, 앙상하게
hacked: 안달난, 곤혹스러운, 당혹한. 도와주다, 불법으로 탈환하다, 마른 사람.
70 The Iliad

With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Then Sarpedon
rebuked Hector very sternly. “Hector,” said he, “where is your prowess now?
You used to say that though you had neither people nor allies you could hold the
town alone with your brothers and brothers-in-law. I see not one of them here;
they cower as hounds before a lion; it is we, your allies, who bear the brunt of
the battle. I have come from afar, even from Lycia and the banks of the river
Xanthus, where I have left my wife, my infant son, and much wealth to tempt
whoever is needy; nevertheless, I head my Lycian soldiers and stand my ground
against any who would fight me though I have nothing here for the Achaeans to
plunder, while you look on, without even bidding your men stand firm in
defence of their wives. See that you fall not into the hands of your foes as men
caught in the meshes of a net, and they sack your fair city forthwith. Keep this
before your mind night and day, and beseech the captains of your allies to hold
on without flinching, and thus put away their reproaches from you.”%
So spoke Sarpedon, and Hector smarted under his words. He sprang from his
chariot clad in his suit of armour, and went about among the host brandishing
his two spears, exhorting the men to fight and raising the terrible cry of battle.
Then they rallied and again faced the Achaeans, but the Argives stood compact
and firm, and were not driven back. As the breezes sport with the chaff upon
some goodly threshing-floor, when men are winnowing—while yellow Ceres
blows with the wind to sift the chaff from the grain, and the chaff-heaps grow
whiter and whiter—even so did the Achaeans whiten in the dust which the
horses’ hoofs raised to the firmament of heaven, as their drivers turned them
back to battle, and they bore down with might upon the foe. Fierce Mars, to help
the Trojans, covered them in a veil of darkness, and went about everywhere
among them, inasmuch as Phoebus Apollo had told him that when he saw
Pallas, Minerva leave the fray he was to put courage into the hearts of the
Trojans—for it was she who was helping the Danaans. Then Apollo sent Aeneas
forth from his rich sanctuary, and filled his heart with valour, whereon he took
his place among his comrades, who were overjoyed at seeing him alive, sound,
and of a good courage; but they could not ask him how it had all happened, for

Korean
brothers: 형제. 웅크리다, 위축하다. sift: 체질하다, 새어들다, 체를 빠져
brunt: 공격의 예봉, 공격의 주력, 의 needy: 매우 가난한, 궁핍한 사람들, 떨어지다, 정사하다, 받다, 선별하다,
정면에 맞서다. 가난한, 아주 가난한. 엄밀히 조사하다, 을 엄밀히
chaff: 여물, 왕겨, 놀리다, 놀림, 썰다, overjoyed: 기쁨에 넘친, 매우 조사하다, 체로 치다, 뿌리다.
하찮은 것, 레이더 탐지 방해용 기뻐하는. tempt: 유혹하다, 무릅쓰다, 시도하다,
금속편, 마초, 야유, 호, 허섭쓰레기. plunder: 약탈, 약탈하다, 착복하다, 성나게 하다, 꾀다, 당기게 하다, 할
compact: 계약, 아담한, 간결한, 약탈품, 노략질하다, 사람들로부터 생각이 나게 하다, 시험하다.
굳히다, 소형 자동차, 치밀한, 으로 물건을 약탈하다, 장소로부터 물건을 whiten: 희게하다, 표백하다,
된, 계약을 맺다, 콤팩트, 꽉 들어찬, 약탈하다. 희어지다, 희게 하다.
구성하다. prowess: 용기, 훌륭한 솜씨, 용감한 whoever: 하는 사람은 누구든, 도대체
cower: 움츠리다, 움츠러들다, 행위. 누가, 누구나, 도대체 누구를.
 Homer 71

they%were too busy with the turmoil raised by Mars and by Strife, who raged
insatiably in their midst.
The two Ajaxes, Ulysses and Diomed, cheered the Danaans on, fearless of the
fury and onset of the Trojans. They stood as still as clouds which the son of
Saturn has spread upon the mountain tops when there is no air and fierce Boreas
sleeps with the other boisterous winds whose shrill blasts scatter the clouds in
all directions—even so did the Danaans stand firm and unflinching against the
Trojans. The son of Atreus went about among them and exhorted them. “My
friends,” said he, “quit yourselves like brave men, and shun dishonour in one
another’s eyes amid the stress of battle. They that shun dishonour more often live
than get killed, but they that fly save neither life nor name.”
As he spoke he hurled his spear and hit one of those who were in the front
rank, the comrade of Aeneas, Deicoon son of Pergasus, whom the Trojans held in
no less honour than the sons of Priam, for he was ever quick to place himself
among the foremost. The spear of King Agamemnon struck his shield and went
right through it, for the shield stayed it not. It drove through his belt into the
lower part of his belly, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily
to the ground.
Then Aeneas killed two champions of the Danaans, Crethon and Orsilochus.
Their father was a rich man who lived in the strong city of Phere and was
descended from the river Alpheus, whose broad stream flows through the land
of the Pylians. The river begat Orsilochus, who ruled over much people and was
father to Diocles, who in his turn begat twin sons, Crethon and Orsilochus, well
skilled in all the arts of war. These, when they grew up, went to Ilius with the
Argive fleet in the cause of Menelaus and Agamemnon sons of Atreus, and there
they both of them fell. As two lions whom their dam has reared in the depths of
some mountain forest to plunder homesteads and carry off sheep and cattle till
they get killed by the hand of man, so were these two vanquished by Aeneas,
and fell like high pine-trees to the ground.
Brave Menelaus pitied them in their fall, and made his way to the front, clad
in gleaming bronze and brandishing his spear, for Mars egged him on to do so

Korean
arts: 예술. 무서워하지 않은, 두려움을 모르는, 소리, 날카롭게, 높은 소리로, 새된
boisterous: 사납게몰아치는, 난폭한, 대담무쌍한, 대담 무쌍한. 목소리, 새된 목소리로 말하다, 새된
야단법석의, 소란스러운, 사나운, insatiably: 만족할줄 모르고, 목소리로, 날카로운 소리를 내다,
몹시 거친, 거친. 탐욕스럽게. 날카로운, 과장된.
dam: 댐, 어미 짐승, 막다, 저지하다, rank: 열, 계급, 지독한, 병졸, 고관, turmoil: 혼란, 소동, 소란.
어미, 아이 딸리나 여자, 둑으로 평가하다, 횡렬, 군대, 고위, 등급을 twin: 쌍둥이의, 쌍둥이, 닮은, 짝을
막다-둑으로 막다, 둑으로 막다, 에 매기다, 나란히 세우다. 이루다, 쌍둥이를 낳다, 짝이 되게
댐을 만들다. scatter: 흩뿌리다, 쫓아버리다, 뿔뿔이 하다, 쌍둥이의 한 뻑坡, 쌍둥이자리,
depths: 깊은 곳. 흩어지다, 산발하다, 소수, 흩뜨려진 쌍정, 쌍정을 이루게 하다, 미국의
descended: 유래한, 전해진. 것, 흩뜨림. 이인승 우주 비행 계획.
fearless: 무서워하지 않는, 겁 없는, shrill: 새된 소리로, 강렬한, 날카로운 unflinching: 움츠리지 않은, 단호한.
72 The Iliad

with intent that he should be killed by Aeneas; but Antilochus the son of Nestor
saw him and sprang forward, fearing that the king might come to harm and thus
bring all their labour to nothing; when, therefore Aeneas and Menelaus were
setting their hands and spears against one another eager to do battle, Antilochus
placed himself by the side of Menelaus. Aeneas, bold though he was, drew back
on seeing the two heroes side by side in front of him, so they drew the bodies of
Crethon and Orsilochus to the ranks of the Achaeans and committed the two
poor fellows into the hands of their comrades. They then turned back and fought
in the front ranks.%
They killed Pylaemenes peer of Mars, leader of the Paphlagonian warriors.
Menelaus struck him on the collar-bone as he was standing on his chariot, while
Antilochus hit his charioteer and squire Mydon, the son of Atymnius, who was
turning his horses in flight. He hit him with a stone upon the elbow, and the
reins, enriched with white ivory, fell from his hands into the dust. Antilochus
rushed towards him and struck him on the temples with his sword, whereon he
fell head first from the chariot to the ground. There he stood for a while with his
head and shoulders buried deep in the dust—for he had fallen on sandy soil till
his horses kicked him and laid him flat on the ground, as Antilochus lashed them
and drove them off to the host of the Achaeans.
But Hector marked them from across the ranks, and with a loud cry rushed
towards them, followed by the strong battalions of the Trojans. Mars and dread
Enyo led them on, she fraught with ruthless turmoil of battle, while Mars
wielded a monstrous spear, and went about, now in front of Hector and now
behind him.
Diomed shook with passion as he saw them. As a man crossing a wide plain
is dismayed to find himself on the brink of some great river rolling swiftly to the
sea—he sees its boiling waters and starts back in fear—even so did the son of
Tydeus give ground. Then he said to his men, “My friends, how can we wonder
that Hector wields the spear so well? Some god is ever by his side to protect him,
and now Mars is with him in the likeness of mortal man. Keep your faces

Korean
boiling: 비등, 비등하는, 끓음, 사나운, 나아가다, 엘자 모양의 것, 팔꿈치 대단히.
끓어 오르는, 일회분의 삶을 거리, 모양의 것. rolling: 구르는, 굴리기, 회전.
푹푹 찌는 듯한, 격렬한. intent: 의미, 의지, 열심인, 취지, 목적, ruthless: 무정한, 무자비한, 잔인한,
bold: 가파른, 대담한, 거리낌없는, 의향, 사실상, 열중하여, 집중된, 가차없는, 냉혹한.
굵은, 뚜렷한, 굵게, 볼드체의, 여념이 없는, 여념없는. squire: 기사의 종자, 시골 유지,
뻔뻔스러운, 힘 있는, 두드러진, ivory: 상아, 상아색, 상아로 만든것이, 대지주, 여자를 모시고 다니는 신사,
뻔뻔한. 상아로된상아 같은, 상아로 만든, 모시고 다니다, 치안판사, 치안 판사,
elbow: 팔꿈치, 기역자 관-팔꿈치로 기다란 앞니, 치아, 주사위, 상아제품, 에스코트하다, 시골의 대지주, 숙녀를
찌르다, 몰두하여, 분주하여, 의복이 피아노의 건, 상아유사품. 에스코트하는 사람, 변호사.
팔꿈치가 뚫어져, 팔꿈치로 찌르다, monstrous: 거대한, 기괴한, 괴물같은, swiftly: 빨리, 신속히, 즉시, 즉석에서.
기역자 관, 가난하여, 밀어 제치고 극악 무도한, 어처구니 없는, 괴이한,
 Homer 73

therefore towards the Trojans, but give ground backwards, for we dare not fight
with gods.”
As he spoke the Trojans drew close up, and Hector killed two men, both in
one chariot, Menesthes and Anchialus, heroes well versed in war. Ajax son of
Telamon pitied them in their fall; he came close up and hurled his spear, hitting
Amphius the son of Selagus, a man of great wealth who lived in Paesus and
owned much corn-growing land, but his lot had led him to come to the aid of
Priam and his sons. Ajax struck him in the belt; the spear pierced the lower part
of his belly, and he fell heavily to the ground. Then Ajax ran towards him to strip
him of his armour, but the Trojans rained spears upon him, many of which fell
upon his shield. He planted his heel upon the body and drew out his spear, but
the darts pressed so heavily upon him that he could not strip the goodly armour
from his shoulders. The Trojan chieftains, moreover, many and valiant, came
about him with their spears, so that he dared not stay; great, brave and valiant
though he was, they drove him from them and he was beaten back.%
Thus, then, did the battle rage between them. Presently the strong hand of
fate impelled Tlepolemus, the son of Hercules, a man both brave and of great
stature, to fight Sarpedon; so the two, son and grandson of great Jove, drew near
to one another, and Tlepolemus spoke first. “Sarpedon,” said he, “councillor of
the Lycians, why should you come skulking here you who are a man of peace?
They lie who call you son of aegis-bearing Jove, for you are little like those who
were of old his children. Far other was Hercules, my own brave and lion-hearted
father, who came here for the horses of Laomedon, and though he had six ships
only, and few men to follow him, sacked the city of Ilius and made a wilderness
of her highways. You are a coward, and your people are falling from you. For all
your strength, and all your coming from Lycia, you will be no help to the Trojans
but will pass the gates of Hades vanquished by my hand.”
And Sarpedon, captain of the Lycians, answered, “Tlepolemus, your father
overthrew Ilius by reason of Laomedon’s folly in refusing payment to one who
had served him well. He would not give your father the horses which he had

Korean
backwards: 뒤로, 거꾸로, 뒤쪽으로, 건축, 글래머 걸 출연자, 어리석은 strip: 벗기다, 옷을 벗다, 길고
퇴보하여, 후방으로, 역행하여, 행동. 가느다란 조각, 장비를 떼다, 활주로,
역으로, 뒤로 향하여, 거슬러 grandson: 손자. 벌거숭이로 만들다, 빼앗다, 철판
올라가서. heel: 뒤축을 대다, 기울이다, 뒤꿈치로 활주로, 연재만화, 의 덮개를 없애다,
beaten: 밟아 다져진, 두들겨 편, 춤추다, 뒷발, 의 바로 뒤를 따르다, 줄거리를 떼어내다.
두들겨 맞은, 진, 세게 휘저은, 바로 뒤따르다, 뒤꿈치, 기울어지다, versed: 숙달한, 에 환한, 정통한.
패배당한, 완전히 지친, 얻어 맞은, 굽, 경사, 비열한놈. wilderness: 황야, 끝없이 넓음,
두들겨 늘인, 밟아 다진. lion-hearted: 용맹스러운. 사람이 살지 않는 땅, 일부러 손질
folly: 어리석음, 어리석은 짓, owned: 이 소유하는. 않고 내버려둔 곳, 막대한 수량,
어리석게 돈만 많이 들인 물건, 우론, pressed: 바쁜, 모자라서, 눌린, 다린. 광막한 곳, 막대한 수, 미국
막대한 돈을 들인 어처구니없는 큰 ran: 란. 비르드지니아 주 북동부의 산림 지대.
74 The Iliad

come so far to fetch. As for yourself, you shall meet death by my spear. You shall
yield glory to myself, and your soul to Hades of the noble steeds.”
Thus spoke Sarpedon, and Tlepolemus upraised his spear. They threw at the
same moment, and Sarpedon struck his foe in the middle of his throat; the spear
went right through, and the darkness of death fell upon his eyes. Tlepolemus’s
spear struck Sarpedon on the left thigh with such force that it tore through the
flesh and grazed the bone, but his father as yet warded off destruction from
him.%
His comrades bore Sarpedon out of the fight, in great pain by the weight of
the spear that was dragging from his wound. They were in such haste and stress
as they bore him that no one thought of drawing the spear from his thigh so as to
let him walk uprightly. Meanwhile the Achaeans carried off the body of
Tlepolemus, whereon Ulysses was moved to pity, and panted for the fray as he
beheld them. He doubted whether to pursue the son of Jove, or to make
slaughter of the Lycian rank and file; it was not decreed, however, that he should
slay the son of Jove; Minerva, therefore, turned him against the main body of the
Lycians. He killed Coeranus, Alastor, Chromius, Alcandrus, Halius, Noemon,
and Prytanis, and would have slain yet more, had not great Hector marked him,
and sped to the front of the fight clad in his suit of mail, filling the Danaans with
terror. Sarpedon was glad when he saw him coming, and besought him, saying,
“Son of Priam, let me not be here to fall into the hands of the Danaans. Help me,
and since I may not return home to gladden the hearts of my wife and of my
infant son, let me die within the walls of your city.”
Hector made him no answer, but rushed onward to fall at once upon the
Achaeans and kill many among them. His comrades then bore Sarpedon away
and laid him beneath Jove’s spreading oak tree. Pelagon, his friend and comrade,
drew the spear out of his thigh, but Sarpedon fainted and a mist came over his
eyes. Presently he came to himself again, for the breath of the north wind as it
played upon him gave him new life, and brought him out of the deep swoon into
which he had fallen.

Korean
dragging: 질질 끄는, 오래 걸리는, mist: 안개, 어린아이, 조금, 적으나마 불쌍함.
질질 끄는 것, 오래 걸리는 것. 성의있는 기부, 아주작은것, 금액의 slaughter: 학살, 도살, 학살하다, 완패,
filling: 충전, 충전재, 속에 넣는 것, 단위, 소액, 흐림, 이슬비가 내리다, 도살하다, 대학살, 대승리를 거두다.
쌓아 올린 흙. 안개로 덮다, 안개가 덮이다. swoon: 기절, 차츰 사라져 가다, 졸도,
flesh: 고기, 육체, 살, 인류, 육욕, moved: 움직이는. 졸도하다, 기절하다, 약해지다.
식육, 생물, 살집, 살색, 과육, 친척. oak: 떡갈나무, 오크나무, 오크의, terror: 공포, 무서운사람, 무서움,
gladden: 기쁘게 하다, 기뻐하다, 오크의 잎, 오크제의, 오크 재목의 성가신 녀석, 몹시 들볶아대는 것,
기쁘게 되다. 제품. 공포 정치, 테러.
infant: 유아, 유아의, 초기의, 소아, pity: 동정, 연민, 애석한 일, 가엾게 thigh: 넓적다리, 가랑이, 대퇴골,
미성년의, 미성년자, 유치한, 유아용, 여기다, 유감의 원인-가엾게 여기다, 허벅다리.
소아의, 아이. 가엾게 생각하다, 불쌍히 생각하다, uprightly: 똑바로, 정직하게.
 Homer 75

Meanwhile the Argives were neither driven towards their ships by Mars and
Hector, nor yet did they attack them; when they knew that Mars was with the
Trojans they retreated, but kept their faces still turned towards the foe. Who,
then, was first and who last to be slain by Mars and Hector? They were valiant
Teuthras, and Orestes the renowned charioteer, Trechus the Aetolian warrior,
Oenomaus, Helenus the son of Oenops, and Oresbius of the gleaming girdle,
who was possessed of great wealth, and dwelt by the Cephisian lake with the
other Boeotians who lived near him, owners of a fertile country.%
Now when the goddess Juno saw the Argives thus falling, she said to
Minerva, “Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, the promise we
made Menelaus that he should not return till he had sacked the city of Ilius will
be of no effect if we let Mars rage thus furiously. Let us go into the fray at once.”
Minerva did not gainsay her. Thereon the august goddess, daughter of great
Saturn, began to harness her gold-bedizened steeds. Hebe with all speed fitted
on the eight-spoked wheels of bronze that were on either side of the iron axle-
tree. The felloes of the wheels were of gold, imperishable, and over these there
was a tire of bronze, wondrous to behold. The naves of the wheels were silver,
turning round the axle upon either side. The car itself was made with plaited
bands of gold and silver, and it had a double top-rail running all round it. From
the body of the car there went a pole of silver, on to the end of which she bound
the golden yoke, with the bands of gold that were to go under the necks of the
horses Then Juno put her steeds under the yoke, eager for battle and the war-cry.
Meanwhile Minerva flung her richly embroidered vesture, made with her
own hands, on to her father’s threshold, and donned the shirt of Jove, arming
herself for battle. She threw her tasselled aegis about her shoulders, wreathed
round with Rout as with a fringe, and on it were Strife, and Strength, and Panic
whose blood runs cold; moreover there was the head of the dread monster
Gorgon, grim and awful to behold, portent of aegis-bearing Jove. On her head
she set her helmet of gold, with four plumes, and coming to a peak both in front
and behind—decked with the emblems of a hundred cities; then she stepped into
her flaming chariot and grasped the spear, so stout and sturdy and strong, with

Korean
axle: 차축, 굴대, 축, 굴대의. harness: 마구, 마구를 채우다, threshold: 문지방, 역, 문간, 시초,
flaming: 과장된, 열렬한, 타는 듯한, 이용하다, 갑옷, 설비, 집무중에, 입구, 출발점, 발단, 역역.
열정에 불타는, 불타는, 현란한, 동력화하다. tire: 타이어, 지치다, 피로하게하다,
타오르는, 눈이 이글이글 빛난는, hebe: 청춘의 여신. 넌더리나게 하다, 머리 장식,
불을 뿜는, 색채가 타는듯이 빨간, renowned: 유명한, 명성있는. 싫증나게 하다, 장식을 하다, 지겹게
타는 듯이 붉은. richly: 부유하게, 충분히, 풍요하게, 하다, 타이어를 달다, 피곤해지다,
gainsay: 반박하다, 부정, 반론, 값지게, 농후하게, 풍부하게, 싫증 나다.
부정하다. 자양분있게. vesture: 의복, 가리개, 덮개, 에게 옷을
girdle: 거들, 두르는것, 둘러싸다, 의 stout: 뚱뚱한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 살찐, 입히다, 씌우개.
나무껍질을 고리모양으로 벗기다, 띠, 흑맥주, 억센, 비만형의 옷, 끄떡도 wondrous: 놀라운, 놀랄만큼, 이상한,
띠로 조르다, 일주하다, 황도대. 않는, 독한, 스타우트. 놀랄 만한, 놀랄 만큼.
76 The Iliad

which she quells the ranks of heroes who have displeased her. Juno lashed the
horses on, and the gates of heaven bellowed as they flew open of their own
accord—gates over which the Hours preside, in whose hands are Heaven and
Olympus, either to open the dense cloud that hides them, or to close it. Through
these the goddesses drove their obedient steeds, and found the son of Saturn
sitting all alone on the topmost ridges of Olympus. There Juno stayed her horses,
and spoke to Jove the son of Saturn, lord of all. “Father Jove,” said she, “are you
not angry with Mars for these high doings? how great and goodly a host of the
Achaeans he has destroyed to my great grief, and without either right or reason,
while the Cyprian and Apollo are enjoying it all at their ease and setting this
unrighteous madman on to do further mischief. I hope, Father Jove, that you
will not be angry if I hit Mars hard, and chase him out of the battle.”%
And Jove answered, “Set Minerva on to him, for she punishes him more often
than any one else does.”
Juno did as he had said. She lashed her horses, and they flew forward
nothing loth midway betwixt earth and sky. As far as a man can see when he
looks out upon the sea from some high beacon, so far can the loud-neighing
horses of the gods spring at a single bound. When they reached Troy and the
place where its two flowing streams Simois and Scamander meet, there Juno
stayed them and took them from the chariot. She hid them in a thick cloud, and
Simois made ambrosia spring up for them to eat; the two goddesses then went
on, flying like turtledoves in their eagerness to help the Argives. When they
came to the part where the bravest and most in number were gathered about
mighty Diomed, fighting like lions or wild boars of great strength and
endurance, there Juno stood still and raised a shout like that of brazen-voiced
Stentor, whose cry was as loud as that of fifty men together. “Argives,” she
cried; “shame on cowardly creatures, brave in semblance only; as long as
Achilles was fighting, if his spear was so deadly that the Trojans dared not show
themselves outside the Dardanian gates, but now they sally far from the city and
fight even at your ships.”

Korean
ambrosia: 신의 음식, 대단히 flowing: 흐르는, 유창한, 늘어진, preside: 사회하다, 의장이 되다,
맛있는것, 맛이나 냄새가 매우 좋은 미끈하게 머리, 물 흐르는 듯한, 통솔하다, 주인 노릇을 하다,
음식, 신찬, 디저트, 신들의 음식. 미끈하게 처진, 조수가 밀려 통할하다, 우두머리가 되다.
beacon: 등대, 횃불, 경고하다, 봉화로 들어오는, 넘치도록 많은. semblance: 유사, 외관, 겉꾸밈, 외형,
신호하다, 봉화, 수로표지-봉화를 grief: 재난, 실패하다, 비탄, 불운, 허울.
올리다, 인도하다, 항공 표지, 신호소, 깊은 슬픔, 고통. shout: 외침, 외치다, 승부는 났다,
봉홧불, 고지. madman: 미친 사람, 광인. 소리침, 소리치다, 부르짓다, 떠들어
betwixt: 이도저도 아니게, 중간에. midway: 중도의, 복도, 통로, 대다, 고함치다, 큰소리로 말하다,
eagerness: 열의, 열망, 열심. 오락장거리, 중간쯤에, 중도에. 한턱낼 차례, 큰소리.
endurance: 인내, 내구성, 지구력. obedient: 순종하는, 유순한, unrighteous: 사악한, 죄많은, 부정한,
fifty: 쉰개, 오십인. 고분고분한. 공정하지 않은, 악인들, 옳지 않은.
 Homer 77

With these words she put heart and soul into them all, while Minerva sprang
to the side of the son of Tydeus, whom she found near his chariot and horses,
cooling the wound that Pandarus had given him. For the sweat caused by the
hand that bore the weight of his shield irritated the hurt: his arm was weary with
pain, and he was lifting up the strap to wipe away the blood. The goddess laid
her hand on the yoke of his horses and said, “The son of Tydeus is not such
another as his father. Tydeus was a little man, but he could fight, and rushed
madly into the fray even when I told him not to do so. When he went all
unattended as envoy to the city of Thebes among the Cadmeans, I bade him feast
in their houses and be at peace; but with that high spirit which was ever present
with him, he challenged the youth of the Cadmeans, and at once beat them in all
that he attempted, so mightily did I help him. I stand by you too to protect you,
and I bid you be instant in fighting the Trojans; but either you are tired out, or
you are afraid and out of heart, and in that case I say that you are no true son of
Tydeus the son of Oeneus.”%
Diomed answered, “I know you, goddess, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove,
and will hide nothing from you. I am not afraid nor out of heart, nor is there any
slackness in me. I am only following your own instructions; you told me not to
fight any of the blessed gods; but if Jove’s daughter Venus came into battle I was
to wound her with my spear. Therefore I am retreating, and bidding the other
Argives gather in this place, for I know that Mars is now lording it in the field.”
“Diomed, son of Tydeus,” replied Minerva, “man after my own heart, fear
neither Mars nor any other of the immortals, for I will befriend you. Nay, drive
straight at Mars, and smite him in close combat; fear not this raging madman,
villain incarnate, first on one side and then on the other. But now he was
holding talk with Juno and myself, saying he would help the Argives and attack
the Trojans; nevertheless he is with the Trojans, and has forgotten the Argives.”
With this she caught hold of Sthenelus and lifted him off the chariot on to the
ground. In a second he was on the ground, whereupon the goddess mounted the
car and placed herself by the side of Diomed. The oaken axle groaned aloud
under the burden of the awful goddess and the hero; Pallas Minerva took the

Korean
attempted: 미수의, 기도한. 자극받은, 염증을 일으킨. 가죽끈, 가죽끈으로 때리다, 가죽으로
befriend: 돕다, 친구가 되다, 사귀다, nay: 아니, 거절, 반대 투표, 거부, 그 묶다, 견장, 반창고를 붙이다.
돌보아주다, 의 편이 되다. 뿐만아니라, 불가능하다, 그렇기는 unattended: 치료를 받지 않은,
cooling: 냉각, 냉각의. 커녕, 그렇기는 하나, 라기보다는, 방치된, 수행원이 없는, 돌봄을 받지
incarnate: 육체를 갖춘, 육체를 반대, 뿐만아니라. 않은, 수반하지 않은, 출석자가 적은,
부여하다, 구체화한, 화신의, oaken: 떡갈나무제의, 오크재의. 출석자가 없는, 참가자가 적은,
구체화하다, 사람 모습을 한, 사람의 smite: 괴롭히다, 치밀다, 죽이다, 참가자가 없는.
모습을 한, 성육한, 육체를 입은, 의 매혹하다, 덮치다, 때리다, 강타하다, villain: 악한, 놈, 악인, 이 자식, 녀석,
화신이 되다, 구현시키다. 시도, 강타, 때림, 세게 때리다. 천민, 이놈, 농노.
instructions: 훈령. strap: 가죽끈, 가죽숫돌, 기죽 손잡이, whereupon: 그래서, 거기서, 그
irritated: 따끔따끔한, 신경질이 난, 띠쇠, 혁지, 혁지로 갈다, 손잡이 때문에, 무엇 위에, 그 위에.
78 The Iliad

whip and reins, and drove straight at Mars. He was in the act of stripping huge
Periphas, son of Ochesius and bravest of the Aetolians. Bloody Mars was
stripping him of his armour, and Minerva donned the helmet of Hades, that he
might not see her; when, therefore, he saw Diomed, he made straight for him and
let Periphas lie where he had fallen. As soon as they were at close quarters he let
fly with his bronze spear over the reins and yoke, thinking to take Diomed’s life,
but Minerva caught the spear in her hand and made it fly harmlessly over the
chariot. Diomed then threw, and Pallas Minerva drove the spear into the pit of
Mars’s stomach where his under-girdle went round him. There Diomed
wounded him, tearing his fair flesh and then drawing his spear out again. Mars
roared as loudly as nine or ten thousand men in the thick of a fight, and the
Achaeans and Trojans were struck with panic, so terrible was the cry he raised.%
As a dark cloud in the sky when it comes on to blow after heat, even so did
Diomed son of Tydeus see Mars ascend into the broad heavens. With all speed
he reached high Olympus, home of the gods, and in great pain sat down beside
Jove the son of Saturn. He showed Jove the immortal blood that was flowing
from his wound, and spoke piteously, saying, “Father Jove, are you not angered
by such doings? We gods are continually suffering in the most cruel manner at
one another’s hands while helping mortals; and we all owe you a grudge for
having begotten that mad termagant of a daughter, who is always committing
outrage of some kind. We other gods must all do as you bid us, but her you
neither scold nor punish; you encourage her because the pestilent creature is
your daughter. See how she has been inciting proud Diomed to vent his rage on
the immortal gods. First he went up to the Cyprian and wounded her in the hand
near her wrist, and then he sprang upon me too as though he were a god. Had I
not run for it I must either have lain there for long enough in torments among the
ghastly corpes, or have been eaten alive with spears till I had no more strength
left in me.”
Jove looked angrily at him and said, “Do not come whining here, Sir Facing-
both-ways. I hate you worst of all the gods in Olympus, for you are ever fighting
and making mischief. You have the intolerable and stubborn spirit of your

Korean
ascend: 오르다, 오르막이되다, 시대가 인정치 않다.
거슬러 올라가다, 올라가다, 에 harmlessly: 해가없게, 순진하게.
오르다, 높아지다, 을 오르다, intolerable: 견딜 수 없는, 과도한,
오르막이 되다, 등귀하다, 상향, 참을수 없는, 애타는, 약오르는.
거슬러 올라가다. loudly: 큰소리로, 화려하게, 고성으로.
ghastly: 무시무시한, 지독한, pestilent: 전염하는, 치명적인, 해로운,
송장같은, 핼쑥한, 파랗게 질린, 귀찮은, 위험한, 사회적으로 위험한,
무섭게, 무서운, 할쑥한, 심한, 성가신.
무시무시하게. piteously: 가련하게.
grudge: 주기 싫어하다, 원한, 유한, punish: 혼내주다, 벌하다, 호되게
아까워 하다, 싫어하다, 샘내다, 악의, 해치우다, 응징하다, 사람을 벌하다,
죄를 벌하다, 상대방을 혼내주다.
stubborn: 완고한, 완강한, 다루기
어려운, 말 안 듣는, 단단한.
termagant: 쨍쨍대는 여자, 잔소리가
심한, 괄괄한 여자, 사나운
이슬람교도의 신, 입정사나운.
vent: 환기용 작은 창, 항문, 터진 구멍,
터뜨리다, 에 구멍을 내다, 손구멍,
빠지는 구멍, 배출구를 찾아내다,
배출구, 바람 구멍, 나갈 구멍을
터주다.
 Homer 79

mother Juno: it is all I can do to manage her, and it is her doing that you are now
in this plight: still, I cannot let you remain longer in such great pain; you are my
own offspring, and it was by me that your mother conceived you; if, however,
you had been the son of any other god, you are so destructive that by this time
you should have been lying lower than the Titans.”
He then bade Paeeon heal him, whereon Paeeon spread pain-killing herbs
upon his wound and cured him, for he was not of mortal mould. As the juice of
the fig-tree curdles milk, and thickens it in a moment though it is liquid, even so
instantly did Paeeon cure fierce Mars. Then Hebe washed him, and clothed him
in goodly raiment, and he took his seat by his father Jove all glorious to behold.%
But Juno of Argos and Minerva of Alalcomene, now that they had put a stop
to the murderous doings of Mars, went back again to the house of Jove.

Korean
cure: 치유, 치료하다, 고치다, 치료, liquid: 액체, 유음, 맑은, 유창한, 유액, 에서 젖을 짜다, 에서 착취하다.
양생하다, 치료법, 영혼의 구제, 돈으로 바꿀 수 있는, 유음의, 유동체, offspring: 자식, 자손, 결과.
목사직, 낫다, 가황, 가황하다. 액체의, 투명한, 유려한, 시 따위 plight: 상태, 서약, 서약하다, 곤경,
destructive: 파괴적인, 유해한, 유려한. 보통 나쁜 상태, 맹세하다, 맹세.
파멸시키는, 파괴주의적인, 해를 manage: 처리하다, 다루다, 조종하다, raiment: 의류, 의복.
끼치는. 경영하다, 관리하다, 조교하다, seat: 자리, 의석, 좌석, 소재지, 예약석,
heal: 고치다, 낫다, 낫게하다, 취급하다, 헤쳐나가다, 먹다, 의자, 왕권, 승마자세, 왕위, 의원의
회복되다, 화해시키다. 어거하다, 어겨하다. 지위, 의자의 재료.
juice: 전기, 가솔린, 액, 즙, 원기, 고기 milk: 젖, 우유, 유체, 젖 모양의 액체, spread: 펴다, 퍼지다, 유포, 퍼뜨리다,
따위의 국물, 야채의 국물, 분비액, 통신을 도청하다, 젖이 나다, 미치다, 보급, 뻗다, 유포하다,
본질, 과일의 국물. 전선에서 통신을 도청하다, 유제, 흩뿌리다, 펼치다, 큰 기사.
80 The Iliad

BOOK VI

The fight between Trojans and Achaeans was now left to rage as it would,
and the tide of war surged hither and thither over the plain as they aimed their
bronze-shod spears at one another between the streams of Simois and Xanthus.%
First, Ajax son of Telamon, tower of strength to the Achaeans, broke a
phalanx of the Trojans, and came to the assistance of his comrades by killing
Acamas son of Eussorus, the best man among the Thracians, being both brave
and of great stature. The spear struck the projecting peak of his helmet: its
bronze point then went through his forehead into the brain, and darkness veiled
his eyes.
Then Diomed killed Axylus son of Teuthranus, a rich man who lived in the
strong city of Arisbe, and was beloved by all men; for he had a house by the
roadside, and entertained every one who passed; howbeit not one of his guests
stood before him to save his life, and Diomed killed both him and his squire
Calesius, who was then his charioteer—so the pair passed beneath the earth.
Euryalus killed Dresus and Opheltius, and then went in pursuit of Aesepus
and Pedasus, whom the naiad nymph Abarbarea had borne to noble Bucolion.
Bucolion was eldest son to Laomedon, but he was a bastard. While tending his
sheep he had converse with the nymph, and she conceived twin sons; these the
son of Mecisteus now slew, and he stripped the armour from their shoulders.

assistance: 원조, 참석자, 조력, 거듦.
beloved: 가장 사랑하는, 애인, 남편,
소중한-가장 사랑하는 사람, 아내,
가장 사랑하는 사람, 귀여운,
애용하는, 여보, 사랑받아,
사랑스러운.
brain: 두뇌, 뇌, 지력, 지적인 사람,
두뇌부, 지적 지도자.
darkness: 어둠, 암흑, 무지, 설명,
애매, 불명료, 맹목, 흑심.
forehead: 이마, 전부, 앞부분, 부분, 앞
Korean
부분. 선명한, 기름진, 값진, 아주 우스운,
howbeit: 그렇지만, 하지만. 호화로운, 부자의, 강렬한.
nymph: 아름다운 소녀, 님프, roadside: 길가, 노변, 길가의, 대로변,
어린벌레, 님프같은, 강, 애벌레, 대로변의.
요정. tide: 풍조, 때, 경향, 극복하다, 조수,
peak: 첨단, 봉우리, 뾰족한, 최고점, 흐름, 조수를 타고가다, 헤어나게
산꼭대기, 챙, 앞챙, 산꼬대기, 하다, 성쇠, 나르다, 견뎌내게 하다.
돌출부, 피크, 사형의 앞쪽 끝. tower: 탑, 성채, 성루, 높이 솟아
phalanx: 방진, 지골, 결사, 밀집대, 오르다, 요새, 우뚝 솟다, 철도
밀집 대형. 신호소, 곧추 올라가다, 일직선으로
rich: 귀중한, 부유한, 풍부한, 비옥한, 날아오름, 솟다, 끄는 것.
 Homer 81

Polypoetes then killed Astyalus, Ulysses Pidytes of Percote, and Teucer Aretaon.
Ablerus fell by the spear of Nestor’s son Antilochus, and Agamemnon, king of
men, killed Elatus who dwelt in Pedasus by the banks of the river Satnioeis.
Leitus killed Phylacus as he was flying, and Eurypylus slew Melanthus.%
Then Menelaus of the loud war-cry took Adrestus alive, for his horses ran
into a tamarisk bush, as they were flying wildly over the plain, and broke the
pole from the car; they went on towards the city along with the others in full
flight, but Adrestus rolled out, and fell in the dust flat on his face by the wheel of
his chariot; Menelaus came up to him spear in hand, but Adrestus caught him by
the knees begging for his life. “Take me alive,” he cried, “son of Atreus, and you
shall have a full ransom for me: my father is rich and has much treasure of gold,
bronze, and wrought iron laid by in his house. From this store he will give you a
large ransom should he hear of my being alive and at the ships of the Achaeans.”
Thus did he plead, and Menelaus was for yielding and giving him to a squire
to take to the ships of the Achaeans, but Agamemnon came running up to him
and rebuked him. “My good Menelaus,” said he, “this is no time for giving
quarter. Has, then, your house fared so well at the hands of the Trojans? Let us
not spare a single one of them—not even the child unborn and in its mother’s
womb; let not a man of them be left alive, but let all in Ilius perish, unheeded
and forgotten.”
Thus did he speak, and his brother was persuaded by him, for his words
were just. Menelaus, therefore, thrust Adrestus from him, whereon King
Agamemnon struck him in the flank, and he fell: then the son of Atreus planted
his foot upon his breast to draw his spear from the body.
Meanwhile Nestor shouted to the Argives, saying, “My friends, Danaan
warriors, servants of Mars, let no man lag that he may spoil the dead, and bring
back much booty to the ships. Let us kill as many as we can; the bodies will lie
upon the plain, and you can despoil them later at your leisure.”
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. And now the Trojans
would have been routed and driven back into Ilius, had not Priam’s son Helenus,
wisest of augurs, said to Hector and Aeneas, “Hector and Aeneas, you two are
Korean
banks: 은행. treasure: 보물, 보배, 비장하다, 야생적으로, 무턱대고.
begging: 구걸, 구걸하는, 거지 생활. 명기하다, 재보, 재산을 던지다, womb: 자궁, 사물이 발생하는 곳,
booty: 전리품, 이득, 포획물, 노획품, 진중히 여기다, 귀여운 너, 금전, 사물이 성장 하는 곳.
벌이. 명심하다. wrought: 만든, 세공한, 가공한, 꾸민,
despoil: 약탈하다. unborn: 후세의, 미래의, 아직 두들겨 만든.
plead: 답변하다, 탄원하다, 변호하다, 태어나지 않은, 아직 태어나지않은, yielding: 순종하는, 구부러지기 쉬운,
주장하다, 변명으로 말하다, 변명으로 태내의, 장래의. 하라는대로, 생산적인, 고분고분한,
말하다-변호하다, 변론하다, unheeded: 무시된, 돌봐지지않는, 굽기 쉬운, 굽힐 수 있는, 감화를 받기
간청하다, 변명하다. 배려되지 않는, 고려되지 않는. 쉬운, 하라는 대로 하는, 영향을 받기
rolled: 압연한. wildly: 거칠게, 격렬하게, 야생상태로, 쉬운, 모양을 바꿀 수 있는.
tamarisk: 위성류. 과격하게, 난폭하게, 미친 듯이,
82 The Iliad

the%mainstays of the Trojans and Lycians, for you are foremost at all times, alike
in fight and counsel; hold your ground here, and go about among the host to
rally them in front of the gates, or they will fling themselves into the arms of
their wives, to the great joy of our foes. Then, when you have put heart into all
our companies, we will stand firm here and fight the Danaans however hard
they press us, for there is nothing else to be done. Meanwhile do you, Hector, go
to the city and tell our mother what is happening. Tell her to bid the matrons
gather at the temple of Minerva in the acropolis; let her then take her key and
open the doors of the sacred building; there, upon the knees of Minerva, let her
lay the largest, fairest robe she has in her house—the one she sets most store by;
let her, moreover, promise to sacrifice twelve yearling heifers that have never
yet felt the goad, in the temple of the goddess, if she will take pity on the town,
with the wives and little ones of the Trojans, and keep the son of Tydeus from
falling on the goodly city of Ilius; for he fights with fury and fills men’s souls
with panic. I hold him mightiest of them all; we did not fear even their great
champion Achilles, son of a goddess though he be, as we do this man: his rage is
beyond all bounds, and there is none can vie with him in prowess”
Hector did as his brother bade him. He sprang from his chariot, and went
about everywhere among the host, brandishing his spears, urging the men on to
fight, and raising the dread cry of battle. Thereon they rallied and again faced the
Achaeans, who gave ground and ceased their murderous onset, for they deemed
that some one of the immortals had come down from starry heaven to help the
Trojans, so strangely had they rallied. And Hector shouted to the Trojans,
“Trojans and allies, be men, my friends, and fight with might and main, while I
go to Ilius and tell the old men of our council and our wives to pray to the gods
and vow hecatombs in their honour.”
With this he went his way, and the black rim of hide that went round his
shield beat against his neck and his ancles.
Then Glaucus son of Hippolochus, and the son of Tydeus went into the open
space between the hosts to fight in single combat. When they were close up to
one another Diomed of the loud war-cry was the first to speak. “Who, my good

Korean
acropolis: 아크로폴리스, 고대 그리스 hide: 숨다, 피혁, 때리다, 짐승의 가죽, 헌신, 싸구려로, 그로 인한 손실,
도시의 성채, 아테네의 성채, 성채. 숨기다, 심하게 매질하다, 짐승 가죽, 제물, 희생타로 진루시키다, 희생적
gather: 채집하다, 모으다, 개더, 숨기기, 숨는 장소. 행위, 희생하다, 희생타를 치다.
거두어들이기, 긴장시키다, 증가하다, none: 아무도 ... 않다. starry: 별이 많은, 별처럼 빛나는,
내다, 찌푸리다, 짜내다, 수금, panic: 공황적인, 공황, 열광케 하다, 별빛의, 별의, 별모양의, 별 모양의.
추측하다. 당황, 낭패, 낭패의, 공포, 당황하다, strangely: 이상하게, 기묘하게,
goad: 자극, 막대기, 격려, 격려 목신 팬의, 갈팡질팡하다, 당찮은. 서먹서먹하게, 기묘하게도, 색다르게,
자극하다, 뾰족한 막대기, 막대기로 rally: 회복하다, 대회, 규합하다, 회복, 이상하게도.
몰다, 막대기로 찌르다. 시위 운동, 재집합, 집중하다, 재거, yearling: 당년의, 만 한 살 먹이, 한 살
heaven: 하늘, 천국, 상공, 하느님, 놀리다, 고무하다, 조롱하다. 난 말, 만 한 살 먹이 동물의, 한 살
천제, 어머나. sacrifice: 희생타, 희생, 투매하다, 먹은, 일년 된.
 Homer 83

sir,” said he, “who are you among men? I have never seen you in battle until
now, but you are daring beyond all others if you abide my onset. Woe to those
fathers whose sons face my might. If, however, you are one of the immortals and
have come down from heaven, I will not fight you; for even valiant Lycurgus,
son of Dryas, did not live long when he took to fighting with the gods. He it was
that drove the nursing women who were in charge of frenzied Bacchus through
the land of Nysa, and they flung their thyrsi on the ground as murderous
Lycurgus beat them with his oxgoad. Bacchus himself plunged terror-stricken
into the sea, and Thetis took him to her bosom to comfort him, for he was scared
by the fury with which the man reviled him. Thereon the gods who live at ease
were angry with Lycurgus and the son of Saturn struck him blind, nor did he live
much longer after he had become hateful to the immortals. Therefore I will not
fight with the blessed gods; but if you are of them that eat the fruit of the ground,
draw near and meet your doom.”%
And the son of Hippolochus answered, son of Tydeus, why ask me of my
lineage? Men come and go as leaves year by year upon the trees. Those of
autumn the wind sheds upon the ground, but when spring returns the forest
buds forth with fresh vines. Even so is it with the generations of mankind, the
new spring up as the old are passing away. If, then, you would learn my descent,
it is one that is well known to many. There is a city in the heart of Argos, pasture
land of horses, called Ephyra, where Sisyphus lived, who was the craftiest of all
mankind. He was the son of Aeolus, and had a son named Glaucus, who was
father to Bellerophon, whom heaven endowed with the most surpassing
comeliness and beauty. But Proetus devised his ruin, and being stronger than
he, drove him from the land of the Argives, over which Jove had made him ruler.
For Antea, wife of Proetus, lusted after him, and would have had him lie with
her in secret; but Bellerophon was an honourable man and would not, so she told
lies about him to Proteus. ‘Proetus,’ said she, ‘kill Bellerophon or die, for he
would have had converse with me against my will.’ The king was angered, but
shrank from killing Bellerophon, so he sent him to Lycia with lying letters of
introduction, written on a folded tablet, and containing much ill against the
bearer. He bade Bellerophon show these letters to his father-in-law, to the end
Korean
autumn: 가을, 가을의, 성숙이. forth: 앞으로, 밖으로, 보이는곳에, 파멸시키다, 피해, 잔해, 파괴하다,
bacchus: 술의 신, 바카스, 바커스. 에서 바깥에, 보이는 곳에, 이후. 영락, 몰락한 사람.
bearer: 지참인, 짐꾼, 나르는 사람, frenzied: 열광한, 격앙한, 격노한, ruler: 통치자, 지배자, 주권자,
지위를 가진 사람, 운반인, 열매 맺는 열광적인. 자부기봉, 괘선을 긋는 기구,
초목, 교군꾼, 관직을 가진 사람. lineage: 혈통, 부족, 민족, 일렬 정렬, 통치자의 지위, 괘를 치는 사람, 자,
buds: 남성용 내의. 일렬 정돈. 괘선을 긋는 사람.
comeliness: 예쁨, 적합, 단정함. named: 유명한, 지명된, 지정의. surpassing: 뛰어난, 비상한, 우수한,
descent: 내리받이, 상속, 하강, 가계, pasture: 방목하다, 목장, 목초, 목초지, 빼어난.
내리받이 길, 강하, 가문, 급습, 세습, 야구장, 야구장의 외야, 풀을 tablet: 정제, 서판, 메모장, 평판,
한 세대, 혈통. 뜯어먹다, 방목장, 가축을 방목하다. 타블렛, 편지지 첩, 태블릿, 직사각형
father-in-law: 시아버지, 장인. ruin: 파멸, 폐허, 손해, 파산, 몰락, 판, 정제로 하다, 갓돌, 판.
84 The Iliad

that he might thus perish; Bellerophon therefore went to Lycia, and the gods
convoyed him safely.%
“When he reached the river Xanthus, which is in Lycia, the king received him
with all goodwill, feasted him nine days, and killed nine heifers in his honour,
but when rosy-fingered morning appeared upon the tenth day, he questioned
him and desired to see the letter from his son-in-law Proetus. When he had
received the wicked letter he first commanded Bellerophon to kill that savage
monster, the Chimaera, who was not a human being, but a goddess, for she had
the head of a lion and the tail of a serpent, while her body was that of a goat, and
she breathed forth flames of fire; but Bellerophon slew her, for he was guided by
signs from heaven. He next fought the far-famed Solymi, and this, he said, was
the hardest of all his battles. Thirdly, he killed the Amazons, women who were
the peers of men, and as he was returning thence the king devised yet another
plan for his destruction; he picked the bravest warriors in all Lycia, and placed
them in ambuscade, but not a man ever came back, for Bellerophon killed every
one of them. Then the king knew that he must be the valiant offspring of a god,
so he kept him in Lycia, gave him his daughter in marriage, and made him of
equal honour in the kingdom with himself; and the Lycians gave him a piece of
land, the best in all the country, fair with vineyards and tilled fields, to have and
to hold.
“The king’s daughter bore Bellerophon three children, Isander, Hippolochus,
and Laodameia. Jove, the lord of counsel, lay with Laodameia, and she bore him
noble Sarpedon; but when Bellerophon came to be hated by all the gods, he
wandered all desolate and dismayed upon the Alean plain, gnawing at his own
heart, and shunning the path of man. Mars, insatiate of battle, killed his son
Isander while he was fighting the Solymi; his daughter was killed by Diana of
the golden reins, for she was angered with her; but Hippolochus was father to
myself, and when he sent me to Troy he urged me again and again to fight ever
among the foremost and outvie my peers, so as not to shame the blood of my
fathers who were the noblest in Ephyra and in all Lycia. This, then, is the descent
I claim.”

Korean
breathed: 무성음의. 괴상한 모양을 한 것, 극악 무도한 son-in-law: 사위.
desolate: 황량한, 황폐케하다, 황폐한, 사람, 슈퍼스타 가수, 신경 중추에 tenth: 운량 단위 기수, 열번째로,
음산한, 고독한, 사람이 안 사는, 작용하는 마약. 열번째의 것, 열번째의 사람, 제 10,
시람이 안 사는, 쓸쓸한, 내버려진. myself: 나 자신, 내자신, 자기. 제십, 제십의.
far-famed: 널리 알려진. outvie: 에 경쟁해서 이기다, 경쟁에서 thence: 그때부터, 그러므로,
gnawing: 쏠기, 갉기, 쏘는, 괴롭히는, 이기다, 경쟁에서 능가하다. 거기서부터, 그런고로, 그곳에서부터.
부단한 고통, 근임없는 고통, 갉는, picked: 정선한, 깨끗이 한, 쥐어뜯는. thirdly: 세 번째로, 세번째로, 세째로,
가책 갉아먹는, 에일 듯한, 에는 듯한. savage: 야만적인, 야만인, 잔인, 제3으로, 제삼으로.
insatiate: 만족할 줄 모르는. 사나운, 잔인한, 황량한, 세련되지 wicked: 심술궂은, 사악한, 나쁜,
monster: 괴물, 거수, 도깨비, 거대한, 못한, 최고의, 야만적인 사람, 물어 버릇이 나쁜, 위험한, 장난이 심한,
악독한 사람, 악독한 사람-거대한, 뜯다, 나체의. 불쾌한, 장난기 있는, 우수한.
 Homer 85

Thus%did he speak, and the heart of Diomed was glad. He planted his spear
in the ground, and spoke to him with friendly words. “Then,” he said, “you are
an old friend of my father’s house. Great Oeneus once entertained Bellerophon
for twenty days, and the two exchanged presents. Oeneus gave a belt rich with
purple, and Bellerophon a double cup, which I left at home when I set out for
Troy. I do not remember Tydeus, for he was taken from us while I was yet a
child, when the army of the Achaeans was cut to pieces before Thebes.
Henceforth, however, I must be your host in middle Argos, and you mine in
Lycia, if I should ever go there; let us avoid one another’s spears even during a
general engagement; there are many noble Trojans and allies whom I can kill, if I
overtake them and heaven delivers them into my hand; so again with yourself,
there are many Achaeans whose lives you may take if you can; we two, then, will
exchange armour, that all present may know of the old ties that subsist between
us.”
With these words they sprang from their chariots, grasped one another’s
hands, and plighted friendship. But the son of Saturn made Glaucus take leave
of his wits, for he exchanged golden armour for bronze, the worth of a hundred
head of cattle for the worth of nine.
Now when Hector reached the Scaean gates and the oak tree, the wives and
daughters of the Trojans came running towards him to ask after their sons,
brothers, kinsmen, and husbands: he told them to set about praying to the gods,
and many were made sorrowful as they heard him.
Presently he reached the splendid palace of King Priam, adorned with
colonnades of hewn stone. In it there were fifty bedchambers—all of hewn
stone—built near one another, where the sons of Priam slept, each with his
wedded wife. Opposite these, on the other side the courtyard, there were twelve
upper rooms also of hewn stone for Priam’s daughters, built near one another,
where his sons-in-law slept with their wives. When Hector got there, his fond
mother came up to him with Laodice the fairest of her daughters. She took his
hand within her own and said, “My son, why have you left the battle to come
hither? Are the Achaeans, woe betide them, pressing you hard about the city

Korean
betide: 발생하다, 생기다, 닥치다, friendship: 우정, 친목, 친선, 교우, 호화로운, 자주빛의, 고위-자주빛의,
일어나다. 벗으로서 사귐, 벗으로서의 사귐. 자주빛이 되게하다, 자줏빛의,
cattle: 소, 가축, 해충, 말, 짐승 같은 hewn: 찍은. 호화로운-자주빛이 되게하다, 고위.
놈들, 개새끼들, 축우. overtake: 갑자기 덮쳐오다, 에 뒤따라 sorrowful: 슬픈, 가슴아픈,
courtyard: 안뜰, 안마당, 마당. 미치다, 만회하다, 뒤떨어진 일 슬퍼보이는, 애처로운, 슬퍼하는,
engagement: 약혼, 고용, 약속, 초빙, 따위를 만회하다, 상회하다, 을 슬프게 하는, 슬픔에 젖은, 후회하는.
용무, 교전, 맞물림, 연대성, 일, 계약. 뒤따라 잡다, 재난 따위가 splendid: 화려한, 빛나는, 훌륭한,
fond: 어리석은, 다정한, 정에 무른, 엄습해오다, 차가 추월을 하다, 굉장한, 근사한, 멋진, 눈부신.
사랑에 빠진, 실없는, 애정있는, 추월을 하다, 추월하다, 폭풍우 subsist: 생존하다, 존재하다,
좋아서, 토대, 레이스의 바닥 천, 따위가 엄습해오다. 급양하다, 밥을 대다, 생활하다,
기초, 좋아하는. purple: 화려한, 제왕의, 자줏빛, 왕위, 존속하다, 에게 양식을 공급하다.
86 The Iliad

that%you have thought fit to come and uplift your hands to Jove from the
citadel? Wait till I can bring you wine that you may make offering to Jove and to
the other immortals, and may then drink and be refreshed. Wine gives a man
fresh strength when he is wearied, as you now are with fighting on behalf of
your kinsmen.”
And Hector answered, “Honoured mother, bring no wine, lest you unman
me and I forget my strength. I dare not make a drink-offering to Jove with
unwashed hands; one who is bespattered with blood and filth may not pray to
the son of Saturn. Get the matrons together, and go with offerings to the temple
of Minerva driver of the spoil; there, upon the knees of Minerva, lay the largest
and fairest robe you have in your house—the one you set most store by; promise,
moreover, to sacrifice twelve yearling heifers that have never yet felt the goad, in
the temple of the goddess if she will take pity on the town, with the wives and
little ones of the Trojans, and keep the son of Tydeus from off the goodly city of
Ilius, for he fights with fury, and fills men’s souls with panic. Go, then, to the
temple of Minerva, while I seek Paris and exhort him, if he will hear my words.
Would that the earth might open her jaws and swallow him, for Jove bred him to
be the bane of the Trojans, and of Priam and Priam’s sons. Could I but see him go
down into the house of Hades, my heart would forget its heaviness.”
His mother went into the house and called her waiting-women who gathered
the matrons throughout the city. She then went down into her fragrant store-
room, where her embroidered robes were kept, the work of Sidonian women,
whom Alexandrus had brought over from Sidon when he sailed the seas upon
that voyage during which he carried off Helen. Hecuba took out the largest robe,
and the one that was most beautifully enriched with embroidery, as an offering
to Minerva: it glittered like a star, and lay at the very bottom of the chest. With
this she went on her way and many matrons with her.
When they reached the temple of Minerva, lovely Theano, daughter of
Cisseus and wife of Antenor, opened the doors, for the Trojans had made her
priestess of Minerva. The women lifted up their hands to the goddess with a
loud cry, and Theano took the robe to lay it upon the knees of Minerva, praying

beautifully: 아름답게, 훌륭하게,
훌륭히, 솜씨있게, 선명하게, 예쁘게,
멋있게, 화창하게.
behalf: 위하여, 이익.
citadel: 성, 포대, 최후의 거점, 피난처,
도시를 지키는 요새, 요새, 거점.
cry: 부르짖다, 울다, 외침, 고함,
애원하다, 엉엉 울다, 큰소리로
부르다, 큰소리로 알리다, 외치다,
울며...하다, 함성.
embroidery: 윤색, 자수, 수놓기,
Korean
자수품. 가망성이 있다, 약속한 일.
exhort: 훈계하다, 권고하다, unman: 남자다움을 잃게하다, 용기를
열심히권하다, 간곡히 타이르다. 꺾다, 승무원의 수를 줄이다, 의
fragrant: 상쾌한, 냄새가좋은, 냄새가 남자다움을 잃게 하다.
좋은, 향기로운. unwashed: 씻지 않은, 불결한, 물결에
jaws: 입 부분, 좁다란 입구. 씻기지 않은, 하층 사회, 하층민의.
lovely: 사랑스러움, 멋진, 사랑스러운, uplift: 들어올리다, 향상시키다,
미인, 아름다운, 기쁜. 고양하다, 들어올림, 향상, 고양,
promise: 약속, 천국, 촉망, 희망의 땅, 브래지어의 일종, 외치다, 융기, 의
약속하다, 가망이 있다, 가망, 가망- 정신을 앙양하다.
약속하다, 의 희망이 있다, 의 wearied: 피곤한.
 Homer 87

the while to the daughter of great Jove. “Holy Minerva,” she cried, “protectress
of our city, mighty goddess, break the spear of Diomed and lay him low before
the Scaean gates. Do this, and we will sacrifice twelve heifers that have never yet
known the goad, in your temple, if you will have pity upon the town, with the
wives and little ones of the Trojans.” Thus she prayed, but Pallas Minerva
granted not her prayer.%
While they were thus praying to the daughter of great Jove, Hector went to
the fair house of Alexandrus, which he had built for him by the foremost
builders in the land. They had built him his house, storehouse, and courtyard
near those of Priam and Hector on the acropolis. Here Hector entered, with a
spear eleven cubits long in his hand; the bronze point gleamed in front of him,
and was fastened to the shaft of the spear by a ring of gold. He found
Alexandrus within the house, busied about his armour, his shield and cuirass,
and handling his curved bow; there, too, sat Argive Helen with her women,
setting them their several tasks; and as Hector saw him he rebuked him with
words of scorn. “Sir,” said he, “you do ill to nurse this rancour; the people perish
fighting round this our town; you would yourself chide one whom you saw
shirking his part in the combat. Up then, or ere long the city will be in a blaze.”
And Alexandrus answered, “Hector, your rebuke is just; listen therefore, and
believe me when I tell you that I am not here so much through rancour or ill-will
towards the Trojans, as from a desire to indulge my grief. My wife was even
now gently urging me to battle, and I hold it better that I should go, for victory is
ever fickle. Wait, then, while I put on my armour, or go first and I will follow. I
shall be sure to overtake you.”
Hector made no answer, but Helen tried to soothe him. “Brother,” said she,
“to my abhorred and sinful self, would that a whirlwind had caught me up on
the day my mother brought me forth, and had borne me to some mountain or to
the waves of the roaring sea that should have swept me away ere this mischief
had come about. But, since the gods have devised these evils, would, at any rate,
that I had been wife to a better man—to one who could smart under dishonour
and men’s evil speeches. This fellow was never yet to be depended upon, nor

Korean
curved: 구부러진, 만곡한, nurse: 간호하다, 유모, 젖을 먹이다,
곡선모양의. 젖을 먹다, 보모, 공을 모아놓기,
fickle: 변덕스러운, 변하기 쉬운. 간호사로 일하다, 간호사로서
handling: 취급, 수법, 조종, 손에 근무하다, 간호인, 보호목, 보호하다.
대기, 운용, 처리, 손을 댐. rancour: 심한 증오, 적의, 깊은 원한,
indulge: 빠지다, 탐닉하다, 사무친 한.
지불유예를 주다, 실컷 마시다, self: 자기, 본인, 사욕, 이기심, 단일의,
어하다, 마음대로 하게하다, 술을 진수, 귀사, 자아, 귀점, 자신, 나.
많이 마시다, 버릇없이 가르다, shaft: 샤프트, 수갱, 통로, 화살, 굴대,
만족시키다, 대사를 베풀다, 축대, 창자루, 광선, 배기 구멍,
기쁘게하다. 화살대, 축.
sinful: 죄많은, 버력입을, 죄있는,
죄가 있는, 벌받을.
smart: 스마트한, 날카로운, 고통,
괴로워하다, 비통, 빈틈없는, 아픔,
약삭빠른, 똑똑한, 욱시욱신 아프다,
욱신욱신 쑤시는.
soothe: 달래다, 완화시키다,
가라앉히다, 위로하다, 진정시키다,
만족시키다.
storehouse: 창고, 보고.
waves: 미해군 여자 예비부대.
88 The Iliad

never will be, and he will surely reap what he has sown. Still, brother, come in
and rest upon this seat, for it is you who bear the brunt of that toil that has been
caused by my hateful self and by the sin of Alexandrus—both of whom Jove has
doomed to be a theme of song among those that shall be born hereafter.”%
And Hector answered, “Bid me not be seated, Helen, for all the goodwill you
bear me. I cannot stay. I am in haste to help the Trojans, who miss me greatly
when I am not among them; but urge your husband, and of his own self also let
him make haste to overtake me before I am out of the city. I must go home to see
my household, my wife and my little son, for I know not whether I shall ever
again return to them, or whether the gods will cause me to fill by the hands of
the Achaeans.”
Then Hector left her, and forthwith was at his own house. He did not find
Andromache, for she was on the wall with her child and one of her maids,
weeping bitterly. Seeing, then, that she was not within, he stood on the threshold
of the women’s rooms and said, “Women, tell me, and tell me true, where did
Andromache go when she left the house? Was it to my sisters, or to my brothers’
wives? or is she at the temple of Minerva where the other women are
propitiating the awful goddess?”
His good housekeeper answered, “Hector, since you bid me tell you truly,
she did not go to your sisters nor to your brothers’ wives, nor yet to the temple of
Minerva, where the other women are propitiating the awful goddess, but she is
on the high wall of Ilius, for she had heard the Trojans were being hard pressed,
and that the Achaeans were in great force: she went to the wall in frenzied haste,
and the nurse went with her carrying the child.”
Hector hurried from the house when she had done speaking, and went down
the streets by the same way that he had come. When he had gone through the
city and had reached the Scaean gates through which he would go out on to the
plain, his wife came running towards him, Andromache, daughter of great
Eetion who ruled in Thebe under the wooded slopes of Mt. Placus, and was king
of the Cilicians. His daughter had married Hector, and now came to meet him
with a nurse who carried his little child in her bosom—a mere babe. Hector’s

Korean
babe: 숫보기, 아기. 훨씬, 숭고하게, 심히, 관대하게. 무가차한 것, 물끓는 소리.
bid: 말하다, 입찰하다, 명하다, household: 가족, 가사의, 가족의, 온 theme: 테마, 주제, 주선율, 과제 작문,
입찰하다-값을 매기다, 입찰하다- 집안 사람, 가정, 동지, 왕실. 주제 음악, 화제, 논제, 어간, 작문.
부른값, 초대하다, 값을 다루다, housekeeper: 가정부, 주부, 하녀 truly: 참으로, 정확히, 바르게, 성실히,
값매기다, 공고하다-값을 매기다, 우두머리, 관리인. 정확하게, 사실을 말하자면, 정말로,
노력하다, 매기다. mere: 호수, 단순한, 에 불과한, 못, 진실로, 충실히.
fill: 채우다, 차지하다, 가득참, 명색뿐인, 에 지나지 않는, 전적인 urge: 몰아대다, 충동, 주장하다, 자극,
보충하다, 가득차다, 충분, 차다, 호수. 좨치다, 강요하다, 격려하다,
흡족하게 하다, 흙으로 돋우다, rooms: 한조의 방. 권고하다, 재촉하다, 자극하다,
조제하다, 충족시키다. song: 노래, 가곡, 가창, 시, 지저귐, 충동을 받다.
greatly: 위대하게, 매우, 크게, 대단히, 변명, 설명, 창가, 을 자랑하다, wife: 여자, 처, 아내, 부인.
 Homer 89

darling%son, and lovely as a star. Hector had named him Scamandrius, but the
people called him Astyanax, for his father stood alone as chief guardian of Ilius.
Hector smiled as he looked upon the boy, but he did not speak, and Andromache
stood by him weeping and taking his hand in her own. “Dear husband,” said
she, “your valour will bring you to destruction; think on your infant son, and on
my hapless self who ere long shall be your widow—for the Achaeans will set
upon you in a body and kill you. It would be better for me, should I lose you, to
lie dead and buried, for I shall have nothing left to comfort me when you are
gone, save only sorrow. I have neither father nor mother now. Achilles slew my
father when he sacked Thebe the goodly city of the Cilicians. He slew him, but
did not for very shame despoil him; when he had burned him in his wondrous
armour, he raised a barrow over his ashes and the mountain nymphs, daughters
of aegis-bearing Jove, planted a grove of elms about his tomb. I had seven
brothers in my father’s house, but on the same day they all went within the
house of Hades. Achilles killed them as they were with their sheep and cattle.
My mother—her who had been queen of all the land under Mt. Placus—he
brought hither with the spoil, and freed her for a great sum, but the archer-queen
Diana took her in the house of your father. Nay—Hector—you who to me are
father, mother, brother, and dear husband—have mercy upon me; stay here
upon this wall; make not your child fatherless, and your wife a widow; as for the
host, place them near the fig-tree, where the city can be best scaled, and the wall
is weakest. Thrice have the bravest of them come thither and assailed it, under
the two Ajaxes, Idomeneus, the sons of Atreus, and the brave son of Tydeus,
either of their own bidding, or because some soothsayer had told them.”
And Hector answered, “Wife, I too have thought upon all this, but with what
face should I look upon the Trojans, men or women, if I shirked battle like a
coward? I cannot do so: I know nothing save to fight bravely in the forefront of
the Trojan host and win renown alike for my father and myself. Well do I know
that the day will surely come when mighty Ilius shall be destroyed with Priam
and Priam’s people, but I grieve for none of these—not even for Hecuba, nor
King Priam, nor for my brothers many and brave who may fall in the dust before
their foes—for none of these do I grieve as for yourself when the day shall come
Korean
alone: 혼자, 단지, 홀로, 자기 혼자서, forefront: 최전부, 맨앞, 최전방, 중심, scaled: 비늘이 덜어진, 껍질이 벗겨진,
고독한, 단독으로. 맨 앞. 비늘이 있는, 비늘을 벗긴, 눈금이
barrow: 무덤, 손수레, 언덕, 들것식의 grieve: 괴롭히다, 괴로워하다, 있는.
하물 운반대, 또는 석총, 거세한 슬퍼하다, 몹시 슬퍼하다, 가슴 shame: 치욕, 불명예, 수치, 창피한 일,
수퇘지, 들것, 배로 곶, 짐승의 굴. 아파하다, 농장 관리인, 마음 부끄럼, 부끄러워 하게 하다,
bravely: 용감하게, 화려하게. 아파하다, 관리자, 슬픔에 잠기게 모욕하다, 부끄럽게 하다, 부끄러움,
dust: 먼지, 흙, 가루, 티끌, 인체, 유해, 하다. 심한 짓, 잡된 행실.
쓰레기, 분말, 무덤, 먼지를 떨다, guardian: 보호자, 후견인, 관리인, soothsayer: 점쟁이, 예언자.
굴욕을 받고. 보호하는, 수호자, 감시인. widow: 미망인, 과부, 과부로 만들다,
fatherless: 아버지가 없는, 작자 hapless: 불행한, 불운한. 아내를여윈, 돌리고 남은 패, 빼앗다,
미상의, 아버지를 알 수 없는. mercy: 자비, 행운, 고마움, 연민. 샴페인 술, 과부가 되게 하다.
90 The Iliad

on which some one of the Achaeans shall rob you for ever of your freedom, and
bear you weeping away. It may be that you will have to ply the loom in Argos at
the bidding of a mistress, or to fetch water from the springs Messeis or Hypereia,
treated brutally by some cruel task-master; then will one say who sees you
weeping, ‘She was wife to Hector, the bravest warrior among the Trojans during
the war before Ilius.’ On this your tears will break forth anew for him who would
have put away the day of captivity from you. May I lie dead under the barrow
that is heaped over my body ere I hear your cry as they carry you into
bondage.”%
He stretched his arms towards his child, but the boy cried and nestled in his
nurse’s bosom, scared at the sight of his father’s armour, and at the horse-hair
plume that nodded fiercely from his helmet. His father and mother laughed to
see him, but Hector took the helmet from his head and laid it all gleaming upon
the ground. Then he took his darling child, kissed him, and dandled him in his
arms, praying over him the while to Jove and to all the gods. “Jove,” he cried,
“grant that this my child may be even as myself, chief among the Trojans; let him
be not less excellent in strength, and let him rule Ilius with his might. Then may
one say of him as he comes from battle, ‘The son is far better than the father.’
May he bring back the blood-stained spoils of him whom he has laid low, and let
his mother’s heart be glad.’ “
With this he laid the child again in the arms of his wife, who took him to her
own soft bosom, smiling through her tears. As her husband watched her his
heart yearned towards her and he caressed her fondly, saying, “My own wife, do
not take these things too bitterly to heart. No one can hurry me down to Hades
before my time, but if a man’s hour is come, be he brave or be he coward, there is
no escape for him when he has once been born. Go, then, within the house, and
busy yourself with your daily duties, your loom, your distaff, and the ordering
of your servants; for war is man’s matter, and mine above all others of them that
have been born in Ilius.”
He took his plumed helmet from the ground, and his wife went back again to
her house, weeping bitterly and often looking back towards him. When she

Korean
brutally: 난폭하게, 야만스레, distaff: 실감는 막대, 여성, 실패, 한 집안의 안 주인, 주인.
야만스럽게. 실톳대, 모계, 모계의. ply: 경향, 에 열성을 내다, 부지런히
captivity: 감금, 사로잡힌 신세, escape: 도망, 달아나다, 도피, 면하다, 일하다, 두께, 음식등을 강요하다, 올,
사로잡힘, 포로, 포로의 신세, 포로의 탈출하다, 새다, 남지않다, 탈출, 샘, 부지런히 일하게 하다, 버릇, 질문
기간, 생포, 나포, 바빌론 포로. 야생으로 돌아가다, 흐려지다. 등을 퍼붓다, 겹, 가닥.
cruel: 잔인한, 심한, 잔혹한, 아주, hurry: 서두르다, 서두름, 허둥대어, rob: 강탈하다, 강도질을 하다, 훔치다,
몹시, 지독하게, 무정한, 무참한, 급함, 서두르게하다, 쉽사리, 서두를 남자 이름, 약탈을 하다, 잃게하다, 의
비차만, 비참한, 지독한. 필요, 사구, 서두르게 하다, 진음곡, 속을 뒤져 훔치다, 강도질하다,
darling: 가장 사랑하는 사람, 귀여운, 열심. 약탈하다, 빼앗다, 에서 빼앗다.
당신, 가장 사랑하는, 가장 mistress: 정부, 애인, 여교사, 주부, smiling: 방긋거림, 미소, 은혜, 냉소.
귀여워하는 사람. 부인, 여지배자, 여주인, 연인, 여왕, stretched: 잡아당기는.
 Homer 91

reached her home she found her maidens within, and bade them all join in her
lament; so they mourned Hector in his own house though he was yet alive, for
they deemed that they should never see him return safe from battle, and from the
furious hands of the Achaeans.%
Paris did not remain long in his house. He donned his goodly armour
overlaid with bronze, and hasted through the city as fast as his feet could take
him. As a horse, stabled and fed, breaks loose and gallops gloriously over the
plain to the place where he is wont to bathe in the fair-flowing river—he holds
his head high, and his mane streams upon his shoulders as he exults in his
strength and flies like the wind to the haunts and feeding ground of the mares—
even so went forth Paris from high Pergamus, gleaming like sunlight in his
armour, and he laughed aloud as he sped swiftly on his way. Forthwith he came
upon his brother Hector, who was then turning away from the place where he
had held converse with his wife, and he was himself the first to speak. “Sir,” said
he, “I fear that I have kept you waiting when you are in haste, and have not come
as quickly as you bade me.”
“My good brother,” answered Hector, “you fight bravely, and no man with
any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you are careless and
wilfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear the ill that the Trojans speak
about you, for they have suffered much on your account. Let us be going, and we
will make things right hereafter, should Jove vouchsafe us to set the cup of our
deliverance before ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have
chased the Achaeans from Troy.”

Korean
alive: 활기를 띠어, 살아서, deliverance: 구출, 해방, 진술, 진술의
혈기왕성하여, 살아 있는, 떼지어, 공표, 평결, 액막이, 석방, 발표, 구조,
민감한, 전류가 통하고 있는, 공식 의견, 의견.
생생하여. fast: 빠른, 빨리, 단단한, 저항력이
bathe: 미역, 잠그다, 적시다, 씻다- 있는, 굳게, 방탕하여, 착착,
해수욕, 끼얹다, 목욕하다, 뒤덮이다, 단식하다, 푹, 재빠른, 고감도의.
씻다, 뒤덮다, 담그다, 헤엄치다. fed: 연방 정부, 연방 수사관, 연방
careless: 경솔한, 부주의한, 무관심한, 준비 은행.
괘념치 않는, 되는대로의, 마음 편한, gloriously: 멋지게, 빛나게, 훌륭히,
마음편한, 무심한, 정신차리지 않는, 기분이 썩 좋게, 근사하게.
조심성없는, 태평스러운. lament: 비탄, 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다,
비가, 애석해 하다.
loose: 풀다, 풀린, 쏘다, 엉성한,
총포를 쏘다, 포장이 나쁜,
헐렁헐렁한, 헐거워지다, 흐트러진,
낙낙한, 놓다.
mane: 갈기, 말이나 사자의 갈기.
overlaid: 과거분사형, 의 과거.
quickly: 빨리, 서둘러서.
remiss: 무기력한, 태만한, 부주의한,
해이한, 게으른.
sunlight: 햇빛, 일광.
92 The Iliad

BOOK VII

With%these words Hector passed through the gates, and his brother
Alexandrus with him, both eager for the fray. As when heaven sends a breeze to
sailors who have long looked for one in vain, and have laboured at their oars till
they are faint with toil, even so welcome was the sight of these two heroes to the
Trojans.
Thereon Alexandrus killed Menesthius the son of Areithous; he lived in
Arne, and was son of Areithous the Mace-man, and of Phylomedusa. Hector
threw a spear at Eioneus and struck him dead with a wound in the neck under
the bronze rim of his helmet. Glaucus, moreover, son of Hippolochus, captain of
the Lycians, in hard hand-to-hand fight smote Iphinous son of Dexius on the
shoulder, as he was springing on to his chariot behind his fleet mares; so he fell
to earth from the car, and there was no life left in him.
When, therefore, Minerva saw these men making havoc of the Argives, she
darted down to Ilius from the summits of Olympus, and Apollo, who was
looking on from Pergamus, went out to meet her; for he wanted the Trojans to be
victorious. The pair met by the oak tree, and King Apollo son of Jove was first to
speak. “What would you have”, said he, “daughter of great Jove, that your
proud spirit has sent you hither from Olympus? Have you no pity upon the
Trojans, and would you incline the scales of victory in favour of the Danaans?

Korean
breeze: 산들바람, 소문, 나아가다, 하다, 문지르다, 떠들 썩 한 싸움, 공들인, 곤란한, 문장 따위 고심한
법석, 산들바람이 불다, 소동, 싸움, 마모되다, 해어지다, 싸움, 풀리다, 흔적이 있는, 고심한 흔적이 있는.
풍파, 등에, 미풍, 분탄. 소모시키다. scales: 저울.
faint: 어질어질한, 희미한, 연약한, hand-to-hand: 육박전의. thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시.
기절하다, 쇠약해진, 약해지다, hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다,
활기없는, 졸도하다, 엷은, 가냘픈, 여기에. 올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다,
힘없는. incline: 기울이다, 기울다, 경사, 짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을 애써
favour: 호의, 정실, 이익, 친절, 은혜, 굽히다, 내키다, 에 가깝다, 의 경향이 이룩하다.
은고, 부탁, 호의를 보이다, 편애하다, 있다, 의 경향이 생기게 하다, 으로
편애, 즐겨 착용하다. 돌리게 하다, 숙이다, 내키게 하다.
fray: 풀다, 해지다, 다툼, 닳아 빠지게 laboured: 억지의, 어려운, 애쓴,
 Homer 93

Let me persuade you—for it will be better thus—stay the combat for to-day, but
let them renew the fight hereafter till they compass the doom of Ilius, since you
goddesses have made up your minds to destroy the city.”%
And Minerva answered, “So be it, Far-Darter; it was in this mind that I came
down from Olympus to the Trojans and Achaeans. Tell me, then, how do you
propose to end this present fighting?”
Apollo, son of Jove, replied, “Let us incite great Hector to challenge some one
of the Danaans in single combat; on this the Achaeans will be shamed into
finding a man who will fight him.”
Minerva assented, and Helenus son of Priam divined the counsel of the gods;
he therefore went up to Hector and said, “Hector son of Priam, peer of gods in
counsel, I am your brother, let me then persuade you. Bid the other Trojans and
Achaeans all of them take their seats, and challenge the best man among the
Achaeans to meet you in single combat. I have heard the voice of the ever-living
gods, and the hour of your doom is not yet come.”
Hector was glad when he heard this saying, and went in among the Trojans,
grasping his spear by the middle to hold them back, and they all sat down.
Agamemnon also bade the Achaeans be seated. But Minerva and Apollo, in the
likeness of vultures, perched on father Jove’s high oak tree, proud of their men;
and the ranks sat close ranged together, bristling with shield and helmet and
spear. As when the rising west wind furs the face of the sea and the waters grow
dark beneath it, so sat the companies of Trojans and Achaeans upon the plain.
And Hector spoke thus:—
“Hear me, Trojans and Achaeans, that I may speak even as I am minded; Jove
on his high throne has brought our oaths and covenants to nothing, and
foreshadows ill for both of us, till you either take the towers of Troy, or are
yourselves vanquished at your ships. The princes of the Achaeans are here
present in the midst of you; let him, then, that will fight me stand forward as
your champion against Hector. Thus I say, and may Jove be witness between us.
If your champion slay me, let him strip me of my armour and take it to your
ships, but let him send my body home that the Trojans and their wives may give
Korean
bristling: 작은 청어, 청어속의 작은 incite: 자극하다, 격려하다, 선, 회복하다, 다시 시작되다, 되찾다,
물고기. 선동하다, 일으키게하다, 고무하다. 되풀이 하다.
compass: 나침반, 이해하다, 한계, persuade: 납득시키다, 주장하다, throne: 왕좌, 왕위, 옥좌, 왕권, 교황의
달성하다, 둘레, 에워싸다, 의 둘레를 설복하다, 설득하다. 자리, 즉위시키다, 왕좌에 앉히다,
돌다, 적당한 정도, 컴퍼스, 계획하다, propose: 제안하다, 추천하다, 교황의 성좌, 좌품천사, 군주, 왕위에
포위하다. 청혼하다, 신청하다, 기도하다, 앉다.
destroy: 멸하다, 파괴하다, 폐하다, 계획하다, 기도하다-계획하다, witness: 목격하다, 증거, 증언하다,
죽이다, 망치다, 논파하다, 구혼하다, 제언하다. 목격자, 증인, 서명하다, 증언, 에
소실시키다. renew: 재개하다, 갱신하다, 입회하다, 증거가 되다, 증거물,
grasping: 붙잡는, 쥐는, 잡는, 갱생시키다, 고쳐 쓰다, 다시 증명하다.
탐욕스러운, 구두쇠의, 남욕스러운. 시작하다, 일신하다, 되풀이하다,
94 The Iliad

me my dues of fire when I am dead. In like manner, if Apollo vouchsafe me

glory and I slay your champion, I will strip him of his armour and take it to the
city of Ilius, where I will hang it in the temple of Apollo, but I will give up his
body, that the Achaeans may bury him at their ships, and the build him a mound
by the wide waters of the Hellespont. Then will one say hereafter as he sails his
ship over the sea, ‘This is the monument of one who died long since a champion
who was slain by mighty Hector.’ Thus will one say, and my fame shall not be
lost.”%
Thus did he speak, but they all held their peace, ashamed to decline the
challenge, yet fearing to accept it, till at last Menelaus rose and rebuked them, for
he was angry. “Alas,” he cried, “vain braggarts, women forsooth not men,
double-dyed indeed will be the stain upon us if no man of the Danaans will now
face Hector. May you be turned every man of you into earth and water as you sit
spiritless and inglorious in your places. I will myself go out against this man, but
the upshot of the fight will be from on high in the hands of the immortal gods.”
With these words he put on his armour; and then, O Menelaus, your life
would have come to an end at the hands of hands of Hector, for he was far better
the man, had not the princes of the Achaeans sprung upon you and checked you.
King Agamemnon caught him by the right hand and said, “Menelaus, you are
mad; a truce to this folly. Be patient in spite of passion, do not think of fighting a
man so much stronger than yourself as Hector son of Priam, who is feared by
many another as well as you. Even Achilles, who is far more doughty than you
are, shrank from meeting him in battle. Sit down your own people, and the
Achaeans will send some other champion to fight Hector; fearless and fond of
battle though he be, I ween his knees will bend gladly under him if he comes out
alive from the hurly-burly of this fight.”
With these words of reasonable counsel he persuaded his brother, whereon
his squires gladly stripped the armour from off his shoulders. Then Nestor rose
and spoke, “Of a truth,” said he, “the Achaean land is fallen upon evil times. The
old knight Peleus, counsellor and orator among the Myrmidons, loved when I
was in his house to question me concerning the race and lineage of all the

Korean
ashamed: 낯을 붉히어, 부끄러워하여, dues: 부과금.
부끄러이 여겨, 부끄러워. inglorious: 불명예스러운, 창피한,
bury: 묻다, 몰두하게하다, 수치스러운, 무명의, 면목없는,
장사지내다, 몰두하다, 숨기다, 잊다, 이름도없는, 불명예, 이름도 없는.
파묻다, 덮어서 숨기다. monument: 기념비, 기념물, 기념관,
concerning: 에 관하여, -에 관하여. 기념문, 기념상, 문서, 불후의 업적,
counsellor: 고문관, 평의원, 시의 경계표, 기념탑, 불후의 저작, 런던
의원, 참사관, 법정 변호사, 상담역. 대화재의 기념탑.
double-dyed: 악에 깊이 물든, 두 번 orator: 연설자, 웅변가.
염색한, 두번 염색한, 철저한. spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 짓궂게
doughty: 용감한, 굳센, 대담한. 굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 불구하고,
짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다.
sprung: 얼근한.
stain: 얼룩, 오점, 더러워지다, 착색,
착색하다, 흠, 더럽히다, 손상시키다,
얼룩지다, 얼룩을 묻히다, 더럼.
truce: 휴전, 중지, 휴전 협정에 의해
중지하다, 휴지, 휴전 협정, 휴전하다,
휴전에 의해 중지하다.
upshot: 결과, 요지, 결론.
ween: 기대하다, 믿다, 생각하다,
이라고 생각하다.
 Homer 95

Argives. %How would it not grieve him could he hear of them as now quailing
before Hector? Many a time would he lift his hands in prayer that his soul might
leave his body and go down within the house of Hades. Would, by father Jove,
Minerva, and Apollo, that I were still young and strong as when the Pylians and
Arcadians were gathered in fight by the rapid river Celadon under the walls of
Pheia, and round about the waters of the river Iardanus. The godlike hero
Ereuthalion stood forward as their champion, with the armour of King Areithous
upon his shoulders—Areithous whom men and women had surnamed ‘the
Mace-man,’ because he fought neither with bow nor spear, but broke the
battalions of the foe with his iron mace. Lycurgus killed him, not in fair fight, but
by entrapping him in a narrow way where his mace served him in no stead; for
Lycurgus was too quick for him and speared him through the middle, so he fell
to earth on his back. Lycurgus then spoiled him of the armour which Mars had
given him, and bore it in battle thenceforward; but when he grew old and stayed
at home, he gave it to his faithful squire Ereuthalion, who in this same armour
challenged the foremost men among us. The others quaked and quailed, but my
high spirit bade me fight him though none other would venture; I was the
youngest man of them all; but when I fought him Minerva vouchsafed me
victory. He was the biggest and strongest man that ever I killed, and covered
much ground as he lay sprawling upon the earth. Would that I were still young
and strong as I then was, for the son of Priam would then soon find one who
would face him. But you, foremost among the whole host though you be, have
none of you any stomach for fighting Hector.”
Thus did the old man rebuke them, and forthwith nine men started to their
feet. Foremost of all uprose King Agamemnon, and after him brave Diomed the
son of Tydeus. Next were the two Ajaxes, men clothed in valour as with a
garment, and then Idomeneus, and Meriones his brother in arms. After these
Eurypylus son of Euaemon, Thoas the son of Andraemon, and Ulysses also rose.
Then Nestor knight of Gerene again spoke, saying: “Cast lots among you to see
who shall be chosen. If he come alive out of this fight he will have done good
service alike to his own soul and to the Achaeans.”

Korean
faithful: 성실한, 신뢰할 수 있는, 치는 막대, 메이스로 공격하다, thenceforward: 그래서, 그러므로,
신자들, 정확한, 충실한, 충실한 철퇴의 일종. 그곳에서부터, 그때부터, 그때이래.
신도들, 정확. prayer: 기도식, 기도의 문구, 기원, venture: 투기, 모험, 되는 대로,
host: 숙주, 주인, 천사의 떼, 군세, 간원, 기도하는 사람, 탄원, 기도, 결행하다, 위험을 무릅쓰고하다,
다수, 많은 떼, 군, 여럿, 호스트역을 기도의 목적물 기. 걸다, 위험을 무릅쓰고 해보다,
맡다, 주최국을 맡다, 주인역을 맡다. sprawling: 불규칙하게 넓어지는, 용기를 내어 발표하다, 위험에 직면케
lots: 훨씬 더, 매우. 아무렇게 휘갈긴, 팔다리를 흉하게 쭉 하다, 용기를 내어 가다, 건 물건.
mace: 권표, 최루 신경 가스, 갈고리 뻗은, 기어가는 듯한, 불규칙하게 youngest: 최연소자, 가장 나이 어린
철퇴, 육두구 껍질을 말린 향료, 뻗는. 가족, 막내 아이, 특히 가장 나이 어린
지대지 핵 유도탄, 불능 화학제, 직장 stomach: 위, 식욕, 욕망, 참다, 먹다, 가족.
당구봉, 메이스, 끝이 납작한 공을 삼키다, 소화하다, 기호, 기분, 복부.
96 The Iliad

Thus he spoke, and when each of them had marked his lot, and had thrown it
into the helmet of Agamemnon son of Atreus, the people lifted their hands in
prayer, and thus would one of them say as he looked into the vault of heaven,
“Father Jove, grant that the lot fall on Ajax, or on the son of Tydeus, or upon the
king of rich Mycene himself.”%
As they were speaking, Nestor knight of Gerene shook the helmet, and from
it there fell the very lot which they wanted—the lot of Ajax. The herald bore it
about and showed it to all the chieftains of the Achaeans, going from left to right;
but they none of them owned it. When, however, in due course he reached the
man who had written upon it and had put it into the helmet, brave Ajax held out
his hand, and the herald gave him the lot. When Ajax saw his mark he knew it
and was glad; he threw it to the ground and said, “My friends, the lot is mine,
and I rejoice, for I shall vanquish Hector. I will put on my armour; meanwhile,
pray to King Jove in silence among yourselves that the Trojans may not hear
you—or aloud if you will, for we fear no man. None shall overcome me, neither
by force nor cunning, for I was born and bred in Salamis, and can hold my own
in all things.”
With this they fell praying to King Jove the son of Saturn, and thus would
one of them say as he looked into the vault of heaven, “Father Jove that rulest
from Ida, most glorious in power, vouchsafe victory to Ajax, and let him win
great glory: but if you wish well to Hector also and would protect him, grant to
each of them equal fame and prowess.”
Thus they prayed, and Ajax armed himself in his suit of gleaming bronze.
When he was in full array he sprang forward as monstrous Mars when he takes
part among men whom Jove has set fighting with one another—even so did
huge Ajax, bulwark of the Achaeans, spring forward with a grim smile on his
face as he brandished his long spear and strode onward. The Argives were
elated as they beheld him, but the Trojans trembled in every limb, and the heart
even of Hector beat quickly, but he could not now retreat and withdraw into the
ranks behind him, for he had been the challenger. Ajax came up bearing his
shield in front of him like a wall—a shield of bronze with seven folds of oxhide—

array: 배열시키다, 치장, 차리다,
정렬시키다, 의장, 벌여세움, 군세,
성장시키다, 정렬, 배열, 소집하다.
bearing: 관계, 태도, 거동, 관련, 낳음,
문장, 방위각, 인내, 축받이.
challenger: 기피자, 도전자, 거부자,
수하하는 사람, 첼린저, 챌린저.
elated: 의기 양양한심명이 난, 의기
양양한.
fame: 명성, 유명하게 만들다, 평판,
인기.
Korean
fighting: 싸움, 전투의, 전투, 논쟁, 손발을 끊다.
다툼, 투쟁 싸우는, 회전, 전투용의, vanquish: 정복하다, 에 이기다,
화이팅. 극복하다, 이기다.
glad: 기쁜, 유쾌한, 기쁜 듯한, vault: 둥근 천장, 둥근 지붕, 지하실,
글라디올러스, 기뻐서. 둥근 천장이 있는 장소, 푸른 하늘,
grim: 엄한, 무서운, 불굴의, 험상궂은, 지하 납골소, 귀중품 보관실, 뛰어
잔인한, 얼굴이 무서운, 완강한. 넘다, 뛰다, 도약, 창공.
huge: 거대한, 광대한, 광대하다. withdraw: 회수하다, 취소하다,
limb: 수족, 날개, 팔, 의 움츠리다, 움츠러들다, 물러나다,
가지를자르다, 앞이, 가장자리, 구, 달 철수하다, 철회하다, 물러서다,
따위의 가장자리, 문장의 구, 엽변, 의 탈퇴하다, 취하하다, 사용을 끊다.
 Homer 97

the work of Tychius, who lived in Hyle and was by far the best worker in
leather. He had made it with the hides of seven full-fed bulls, and over these he
had set an eighth layer of bronze. Holding this shield before him, Ajax son of
Telamon came close up to Hector, and menaced him saying, “Hector, you shall
now learn, man to man, what kind of champions the Danaans have among them
even besides lion-hearted Achilles cleaver of the ranks of men. He now abides at
the ships in anger with Agamemnon shepherd of his people, but there are many
of us who are well able to face you; therefore begin the fight.”%
And Hector answered, “Noble Ajax, son of Telamon, captain of the host, treat
me not as though I were some puny boy or woman that cannot fight. I have been
long used to the blood and butcheries of battle. I am quick to turn my leathern
shield either to right or left, for this I deem the main thing in battle. I can charge
among the chariots and horsemen, and in hand to hand fighting can delight the
heart of Mars; howbeit I would not take such a man as you are off his guard—
but I will smite you openly if I can.”
He poised his spear as he spoke, and hurled it from him. It struck the
sevenfold shield in its outermost layer—the eighth, which was of bronze—and
went through six of the layers but in the seventh hide it stayed. Then Ajax threw
in his turn, and struck the round shield of the son of Priam. The terrible spear
went through his gleaming shield, and pressed onward through his cuirass of
cunning workmanship; it pierced the shirt against his side, but he swerved and
thus saved his life. They then each of them drew out the spear from his shield,
and fell on one another like savage lions or wild boars of great strength and
endurance: the son of Priam struck the middle of Ajax’s shield, but the bronze
did not break, and the point of his dart was turned. Ajax then sprang forward
and pierced the shield of Hector; the spear went through it and staggered him as
he was springing forward to attack; it gashed his neck and the blood came
pouring from the wound, but even so Hector did not cease fighting; he gave
ground, and with his brawny hand seized a stone, rugged and huge, that was
lying upon the plain; with this he struck the shield of Ajax on the boss that was
in its middle, so that the bronze rang again. But Ajax in turn caught up a far

cease: 그만두다, 그치다, 끝나다, 중지,
중지하다, 멎다, 멈추다-중지,
끝내다, 중단.
cleaver: 쪼개는 것, 고기 베는 큰 칼,
고기 써는 식칼, 가르는 사람, 쪼개는
사람, 가르는 것.
delight: 기쁨, 기뻐하다, 즐기다,
즐겁게하다, 유쾌, 기쁘게 하는 것,
매우 기쁘게 하다.
eighth: 여덟 번째, 팔도, 팔 분, 제8의,
제 팔, 여덟 분의 하나 의, 여덟
Korean
번째의, 여덟 분의 하나. outermost: 정상의, 맨 뒤의, 맨
layer: 층, 놓는 사람, 까는 사람, 쌓는 꼭대기의, 가장 밖의, 가장 먼, 가장
사람, 알 낳는 닭, 휘묻이, 돈을 거는 바깥쪽의.
사람. puny: 아주 작은, 미약한, 보잘것
leather: 가죽, 가죽 끈으로 때리다, 없는, 자그마한.
가죽제품, 가죽을 씌우다, 가죽 제품, sevenfold: 일곱시, 칠배로, 칠배의.
가죽으로 만든, 가죽의, 사람의 피부, seventh: 일곱째의, 일곱 번째로, 제칠,
피부, 가죽을 무두질하다. 제칠의, 칠도, 칠분의 하나, 칠분의
leathern: 가죽의. 하나의, 칠일, 일곱번째의 사람,
openly: 공공연하게, 터놓고, 일곱번째의 사물.
숨김없이, 공공연히, 솔직하게.
98 The Iliad

larger stone, swung it aloft, and hurled it with prodigious force. This millstone
of a rock broke Hector’s shield inwards and threw him down on his back with
the shield crushing him under it, but Apollo raised him at once. Thereon they
would have hacked at one another in close combat with their swords, had not
heralds, messengers of gods and men, come forward, one from the Trojans and
the other from the Achaeans—Talthybius and Idaeus both of them honourable
men; these parted them with their staves, and the good herald Idaeus said, “My
sons, fight no longer, you are both of you valiant, and both are dear to Jove; we
know this; but night is now falling, and the behests of night may not be well
gainsaid.”%
Ajax son of Telamon answered, “Idaeus, bid Hector say so, for it was he that
challenged our princes. Let him speak first and I will accept his saying.”
Then Hector said, “Ajax, heaven has vouchsafed you stature and strength,
and judgement; and in wielding the spear you excel all others of the Achaeans.
Let us for this day cease fighting; hereafter we will fight anew till heaven decide
between us, and give victory to one or to the other; night is now falling, and the
behests of night may not be well gainsaid. Gladden, then, the hearts of the
Achaeans at your ships, and more especially those of your own followers and
clansmen, while I, in the great city of King Priam, bring comfort to the Trojans
and their women, who vie with one another in their prayers on my behalf. Let us,
moreover, exchange presents that it may be said among the Achaeans and
Trojans, ‘They fought with might and main, but were reconciled and parted in
friendship.’ “
On this he gave Ajax a silver-studded sword with its sheath and leathern
baldric, and in return Ajax gave him a girdle dyed with purple. Thus they
parted, the one going to the host of the Achaeans, and the other to that of the
Trojans, who rejoiced when they saw their hero come to them safe and
unharmed from the strong hands of mighty Ajax. They led him, therefore, to the
city as one that had been saved beyond their hopes. On the other side the
Achaeans brought Ajax elated with victory to Agamemnon.

Korean
baldric: 장식띠. gladden: 기쁘게 하다, 기뻐하다, 흐트러진, 갈라진.
comfort: 위로, 위안하다, 낙, 위로가 기쁘게 되다. prodigious: 거대한, 놀랄 만한,
되는 사람, 이불, 즐거움, 편안하게 inwards: 안으로, 마음속으로, 내부에. 놀라운, 막대한.
하다, 생활을 즐겁게 해 주는 것, 마음 judgement: 판단, 의견, 재판, 정의, sheath: 칼집, 엽초, 씌우개, 의 시초,
편안함, 원조하다, 안락. 처벌, 비판, 신의 심판으로서의 천벌, 딱지날개, 여자 드레스, 외장, 잎집,
dyed: 물들인, 염색된. 재판과 확정된 채무, 최후의 심판, 집, 돌로 쌓은 제방.
elated: 의기 양양한심명이 난, 의기 판결과 확정된 채무, 판결의 결과 swung: 흔들거리는, 물결 모양의.
양양한. 확정된 채무. unharmed: 무사한, 상하지 않은.
girdle: 거들, 두르는것, 둘러싸다, 의 leathern: 가죽의. valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
나무껍질을 고리모양으로 벗기다, 띠, millstone: 맷돌.
띠로 조르다, 일주하다, 황도대. parted: 나뉜, 부분으로 나뉜,
 Homer 99

When%they reached the quarters of the son of Atreus, Agamemnon sacrificed

for them a five-year-old bull in honour of Jove the son of Saturn. They flayed the
carcass, made it ready, and divided it into joints; these they cut carefully up into
smaller pieces, putting them on the spits, roasting them sufficiently, and then
drawing them off. When they had done all this and had prepared the feast, they
ate it, and every man had his full and equal share, so that all were satisfied, and
King Agamemnon gave Ajax some slices cut lengthways down the loin, as a
mark of special honour. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, old
Nestor whose counsel was ever truest began to speak; with all sincerity and
goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:—
“Son of Atreus, and other chieftains, inasmuch as many of the Achaeans are
now dead, whose blood Mars has shed by the banks of the Scamander, and their
souls have gone down to the house of Hades, it will be well when morning
comes that we should cease fighting; we will then wheel our dead together with
oxen and mules and burn them not far from the ships, that when we sail hence
we may take the bones of our comrades home to their children. Hard by the
funeral pyre we will build a barrow that shall be raised from the plain for all in
common; near this let us set about building a high wall, to shelter ourselves and
our ships, and let it have well-made gates that there may be a way through them
for our chariots. Close outside we will dig a deep trench all round it to keep off
both horse and foot, that the Trojan chieftains may not bear hard upon us.”
Thus he spoke, and the princess shouted in applause. Meanwhile the Trojans
held a council, angry and full of discord, on the acropolis by the gates of King
Priam’s palace; and wise Antenor spoke. “Hear me,” he said, “Trojans,
Dardanians, and allies, that I may speak even as I am minded. Let us give up
Argive Helen and her wealth to the sons of Atreus, for we are now fighting in
violation of our solemn covenants, and shall not prosper till we have done as I
say.”
He then sat down and Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen rose to speak.
“Antenor,” said he, “your words are not to my liking; you can find a better
saying than this if you will; if, however, you have spoken in good earnest, then

Korean
burn: 개울, 태우다, 열중하다, earnest: 진지한, 열심인, 진지, 진심, 더운, 쬐어 볶기, 쬐어 굽기, 심하게
산화시키다, 화끈거리다, 그슬리다, 중대한, 정식, 성실한, 성실, 엄숙한- 비난하기, 굽는 데 알맞은.
흥분하다, 시내, 소작하다, 불에데다, 성실, 엄숙한, 계약금. trench: 참호, 도랑, 에 도랑을 파다,
내리 쬐다. lengthways: 세로로, 길게. 잠식하다, 참호를 만들다, 파헤치다,
carcass: 짐승의 시체, 형해, 시체, loin: 허리, 허리 고기, 허리부분, 새기다, 도랑을 파다, 침해하다,
뼈대. 짐승의 허리 고기. 참호를 파다, 에 가깝다.
dig: 파다, 탐구하다, 찌르다, 알다, prosper: 번영하다, 을 번영시키다, violation: 위반, 위배, 방해, 강간,
주의를 기울이다, 캐내다, 쿡 찌르기, 사업 따위가 번영하다, 번영시키다. 모독, 침입, 침해.
파나가다, 파서 뚫다, 꾸준히 quarters: 병사. well-made: 균형이 잡힌, 잘 만든,
공부하다, 꾸준히 공부하다- 한번 roasting: 타는듯이, 굽기, 타는듯한, 모양 좋은, 날씬한, 잘 된, 잘
찌르기. 볶음, 몹시덥게, 몹시 비난함, 몹시 만들어진.
100 The Iliad

indeed has heaven robbed you of your reason. I will speak plainly, and hereby
notify to the Trojans that I will not give up the woman; but the wealth that I
brought home with her from Argos I will restore, and will add yet further of my
own.”%
On this, when Paris had spoken and taken his seat, Priam of the race of
Dardanus, peer of gods in council, rose and with all sincerity and goodwill
addressed them thus: “Hear me, Trojans, Dardanians, and allies, that I may
speak even as I am minded. Get your suppers now as hitherto throughout the
city, but keep your watches and be wakeful. At daybreak let Idaeus go to the
ships, and tell Agamemnon and Menelaus sons of Atreus the saying of
Alexandrus through whom this quarrel has come about; and let him also be
instant with them that they now cease fighting till we burn our dead; hereafter
we will fight anew, till heaven decide between us and give victory to one or to
the other.”
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. They took supper in
their companies and at daybreak Idaeus went his way to the ships. He found the
Danaans, servants of Mars, in council at the stern of Agamemnon’s ship, and
took his place in the midst of them. “Son of Atreus,” he said, “and princes of the
Achaean host, Priam and the other noble Trojans have sent me to tell you the
saying of Alexandrus through whom this quarrel has come about, if so be that
you may find it acceptable. All the treasure he took with him in his ships to
Troy—would that he had sooner perished—he will restore, and will add yet
further of his own, but he will not give up the wedded wife of Menelaus, though
the Trojans would have him do so. Priam bade me inquire further if you will
cease fighting till we burn our dead; hereafter we will fight anew, till heaven
decide between us and give victory to one or to the other.”
They all held their peace, but presently Diomed of the loud war-cry spoke,
saying, “Let there be no taking, neither treasure, nor yet Helen, for even a child
may see that the doom of the Trojans is at hand.”
The sons of the Achaeans shouted applause at the words that Diomed had
spoken, and thereon King Agamemnon said to Idaeus, “Idaeus, you have heard

Korean
acceptable: 받을 수 있는, 좋은, 인스턴트식품, 인스턴트커피, 이달의. ship: 수송하다, 배, 을 배에 싣다, 배에
용인할 수 있는, 수락할 수 있는, notify: 통지하다, 공고하다, 통보하다, 타다, 배로 가다, 설비하다, 전
받아들일 수 있는. 공시하다, 발표하다, 신고하다, 승무원, 쫓아버리다, 파도를 뒤집어
daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘. 계출하다, 정식으로 통지하다, 쓰다, 함, 선원으로 고용하다.
hereby: 이로 말미암아, 이에 의하여, 정식으로 통보하다. sooner: 선구적 이주자, 선구이주민,
이것에 의하여. plainly: 솔직하게, 명백히, 검소하게, 선수치는 사람.
hitherto: 지금까지는, 지금까지. 간소하게, 뚜렷하게. supper: 저녁 식사, 밤참.
inquire: 문의하다, 묻다, 조사하다, restore: 회복하다, 복구하다, till: 까지, 갈다, 돈궤, 서랍, 귀중품함,
질문하다. 회복시키다, 복직시키다, 복위시키다, 할 때까지는, 하여 마침내, 표석 점토,
instant: 순간, 절박한, 즉시, 즉각의, 본래대로 하다, 반환하다, 되찾다, 배양하다, 땅을 갈다, 까지줄곧.
긴급한, 즉석의, 즉각, 즉석식의, 되돌려주다, 돌려주다, 부활시키다.
 Homer 101

the answer the Achaeans make you-and I with them. But as concerning the dead,
I give you leave to burn them, for when men are once dead there should be no
grudging them the rites of fire. Let Jove the mighty husband of Juno be witness
to this covenant.”
As he spoke he upheld his sceptre in the sight of all the gods, and Idaeus
went back to the strong city of Ilius. The Trojans and Dardanians were gathered
in council waiting his return; when he came, he stood in their midst and
delivered his message. As soon as they heard it they set about their twofold
labour, some to gather the corpses, and others to bring in wood. The Argives on
their part also hastened from their ships, some to gather the corpses, and others
to bring in wood.%
The sun was beginning to beat upon the fields, fresh risen into the vault of
heaven from the slow still currents of deep Oceanus, when the two armies met.
They could hardly recognise their dead, but they washed the clotted gore from
off them, shed tears over them, and lifted them upon their waggons. Priam had
forbidden the Trojans to wail aloud, so they heaped their dead sadly and
silently upon the pyre, and having burned them went back to the city of Ilius.
The Achaeans in like manner heaped their dead sadly and silently on the pyre,
and having burned them went back to their ships.
Now in the twilight when it was not yet dawn, chosen bands of the Achaeans
were gathered round the pyre and built one barrow that was raised in common
for all, and hard by this they built a high wall to shelter themselves and their
ships; they gave it strong gates that there might be a way through them for their
chariots, and close outside it they dug a trench deep and wide, and they planted
it within with stakes.
Thus did the Achaeans toil, and the gods, seated by the side of Jove the lord
of lightning, marvelled at their great work; but Neptune, lord of the earthquake,
spoke, saying, “Father Jove, what mortal in the whole world will again take the
gods into his counsel? See you not how the Achaeans have built a wall about
their ships and driven a trench all round it, without offering hecatombs to the
gods? The fame of this wall will reach as far as dawn itself, and men will no

clotted: 응고한, 순전한, 전적인, 엉긴.
dawn: 밝아지다, 새벽, 동이 트다,
여명, 나타나기 시작하다, 날이새다,
동틀녁, 동틀영, 시초, 날이 새다.
dug: 젖꼭지, 젖퉁이.
earthquake: 지진, 대변동.
forbidden: 금지된, 금단의.
gore: 삼각형의 헝겊 조각, 응혈,
찌르다, 흘린피, 무를 달다, 꽂다, 무,
삼각형의 토지, 핏덩어리, 엄니로
받다, 에 이음천을 대다.
Korean
grudging: 인색한, 마지못해서 하는. twilight: 황혼, 여명, 희미한 빛,
lightning: 번개, 전광, 번개와 같은, 땅거미, 어둑새벽, 어스레하게 밝은,
번개의. 여명기, 미광, 어슴푸레한 짐작,
risen: 일어난, 부활한, 오른. 어스름, 희미하게 비추다.
sadly: 슬프게, 한탄할 정도로, 치사한, twofold: 이중으로, 이배의, 둘로
천한, 진지한, 우중충충한, 지독한, 접히는 무대 배경, 두요소의,
절망적인, 유감스럽게도, 어두운, 두부분의, 두배로.
애처롭게. wail: 울부짖다, 비탄하다, 울부짖는
shed: 벗다, 발하다, 격납고, 갈다, 소리, 처량하게 울리는 소리, 구슬픈
깃털을 갈다, 내다, 헛간, 의지간, 소리를 내다, 비탄, 한탄하다,
탈피하다, 흘리다, 태양열 교환 추진. 울부짖듯 윙윙대는 소리.
102 The Iliad

longer think anything of the one which Phoebus Apollo and myself built with so
much labour for Laomedon.”
Jove was displeased and answered, “What, O shaker of the earth, are you
talking about? A god less powerful than yourself might be alarmed at what they
are doing, but your fame reaches as far as dawn itself. Surely when the Achaeans
have gone home with their ships, you can shatter their wall and fling it into the
sea; you can cover the beach with sand again, and the great wall of the Achaeans
will then be utterly effaced.”%
Thus did they converse, and by sunset the work of the Achaeans was
completed; they then slaughtered oxen at their tents and got their supper. Many
ships had come with wine from Lemnos, sent by Euneus the son of Jason, born to
him by Hypsipyle. The son of Jason freighted them with ten thousand measures
of wine, which he sent specially to the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and
Menelaus. From this supply the Achaeans bought their wine, some with bronze,
some with iron, some with hides, some with whole heifers, and some again with
captives. They spread a goodly banquet and feasted the whole night through, as
also did the Trojans and their allies in the city. But all the time Jove boded them
ill and roared with his portentous thunder. Pale fear got hold upon them, and
they spilled the wine from their cups on to the ground, nor did any dare drink
till he had made offerings to the most mighty son of Saturn. Then they laid
themselves down to rest and enjoyed the boon of sleep.

Korean
alarmed: 불안해 하는, 겁 먹은, 깜짝 무늬, 어둠침침한, 약한. 충격을 주다, 파괴하다, 약화하다,
놀란. portentous: 놀라운, 불길한, 이상한, 산산이 부수다, 산산 조각이 나다.
beach: 모래, 물가, 바닷가, 냇가, 호반, 전조의, 놀랄만한, 장중한. specially: 임시로, 특히, 특별한
해변, 조약돌, 해수욕장, 바닷가에 sand: 모래, 용기, 모래를 뿌리다, 방법으로, 특별히, 일부러, 특제로,
끌어 올리다, 바닷가에 끌어올리다, 설탕, 모래톱, 수명, 백사장 모래, 각별히, 모처럼.
뭍에 얹히다. 시각, 모래벌판, 모래 사장, 모랫빛. sunset: 말기, 해질녘, 일몰, 저녁놀,
boon: 부탁, 은혜, 유쾌한, 명랑한, shaker: 흔드는 사람, 후춧가루병, 종말, 일물.
기분이 좋은, 재미있는, 혜택. 진교도, 교반기, 소금담개, thousand: 천, 무수, 천의, 다수,
pale: 창백한, 창백하게 하다, 엷게 셰이커교도, 흔드는 것. 수천의, 천개.
하다, 어슴푸레한, 엷은, 경계, shatter: 파편, 분쇄하다, 상하다, utterly: 아주, 완전히, 완전한, 전혀,
창백해지다, 한계, 중앙의 세로줄 깨지다, 부서지다, 부수다, 의 마음에 순전히.
 Homer 103

BOOK %VIII

Now when Morning, clad in her robe of saffron, had begun to suffuse light
over the earth, Jove called the gods in council on the topmost crest of serrated
Olympus. Then he spoke and all the other gods gave ear. “Hear me,” said he,
“gods and goddesses, that I may speak even as I am minded. Let none of you
neither goddess nor god try to cross me, but obey me every one of you that I may
bring this matter to an end. If I see anyone acting apart and helping either
Trojans or Danaans, he shall be beaten inordinately ere he come back again to
Olympus; or I will hurl him down into dark Tartarus far into the deepest pit
under the earth, where the gates are iron and the floor bronze, as far beneath
Hades as heaven is high above the earth, that you may learn how much the
mightiest I am among you. Try me and find out for yourselves. Hangs me a
golden chain from heaven, and lay hold of it all of you, gods and goddesses
together—tug as you will, you will not drag Jove the supreme counsellor from
heaven to earth; but were I to pull at it myself I should draw you up with earth
and sea into the bargain, then would I bind the chain about some pinnacle of
Olympus and leave you all dangling in the mid firmament. So far am I above all
others either of gods or men.”
They were frightened and all of them of held their peace, for he had spoken
masterfully; but at last Minerva answered, “Father, son of Saturn, king of kings,
we all know that your might is not to be gainsaid, but we are also sorry for the
Korean
bargain: 흥정하다, 매매, 약속을 하다, 나아가다, 바퀴 멈추개, 바퀴멈추개, pit: 씨, 함정, 지옥, 구덩이, 곰보를
거래, 교섭하다, 기대하다, 바꾸다, 싼 느릿느릿나아가다, 느릿느릿걷다. 만들다, 아래층 뒤쪽 좌석, 채굴장,
물건, 의 조건을 붙이다, 헐값의. helping: 도움, 조력, 거들어줌, 조력 움푹한 곳, 얽은 자국, 싸움 붙이기,
bind: 동이다, 덩굴, 감다, 제본, 구원의, 한번담는 분량, 돕는 도움이 구덩이를 만들다.
구속하다-묶는 것, 속박하다- 되는, 거들기. saffron: 사프란색, 사프란, 사프란 색,
굳어지다, 끈, 매다, 변비를 일으키게 inordinately: 과도한, 무절제한, 사프란색의.
하다, 속박하다, 장정하다. 지나친. serrated: 톱니 모양의, 톱 모양의.
dangling: 에게 결과를 알리지 않고 mid: 중앙의, 중간의, 중부의, 중순. suffuse: 뒤덮다, 채우다.
기다리게 하다, 을 애타게 하다. pinnacle: 높은 곳에 두다, 높은 supreme: 최후의, 지고의, 최고도,
drag: 발을 질질 끌며걷다, 끌리다, 산봉우리, 작은 뾰족탑, 작은 뽀족탑, 최고위의, 절대의.
당기다, 흙다, 써레, 끌기, 느릿느릿 작은 첨탑, 첨탑에 설치하다.
104 The Iliad

Danaan warriors, who are perishing and coming to a bad end. We will, however,
since you so bid us, refrain from actual fighting, but we will make serviceable
suggestions to the Argives that they may not all of them perish in your
displeasure.”
Jove smiled at her and answered, “Take heart, my child, Trito-born; I am not
really in earnest, and I wish to be kind to you.”
With this he yoked his fleet horses, with hoofs of bronze and manes of
glittering gold. He girded himself also with gold about the body, seized his gold
whip and took his seat in his chariot. Thereon he lashed his horses and they flew
forward nothing loth midway twixt earth and starry heaven. After a while he
reached many-fountained Ida, mother of wild beasts, and Gargarus, where are
his grove and fragrant altar. There the father of gods and men stayed his horses,
took them from the chariot, and hid them in a thick cloud; then he took his seat
all glorious upon the topmost crests, looking down upon the city of Troy and the
ships of the Achaeans.%
The Achaeans took their morning meal hastily at the ships, and afterwards
put on their armour. The Trojans on the other hand likewise armed themselves
throughout the city, fewer in numbers but nevertheless eager perforce to do
battle for their wives and children. All the gates were flung wide open, and horse
and foot sallied forth with the tramp as of a great multitude.
When they were got together in one place, shield clashed with shield, and
spear with spear, in the conflict of mail-clad men. Mighty was the din as the
bossed shields pressed hard on one another—death—cry and shout of triumph
of slain and slayers, and the earth ran red with blood.
Now so long as the day waxed and it was still morning their weapons beat
against one another, and the people fell, but when the sun had reached mid-
heaven, the sire of all balanced his golden scales, and put two fates of death
within them, one for the Trojans and the other for the Achaeans. He took the
balance by the middle, and when he lifted it up the day of the Achaeans sank; the
death-fraught scale of the Achaeans settled down upon the ground, while that of
the Trojans rose heavenwards. Then he thundered aloud from Ida, and sent the
Korean
actual: 현실의, 현재의, 실제의, 실상, heavenwards: 하늘을 향하는. 억누르다, 멀리하다, 그만두다
현실, 현행의. likewise: 마찬가지로, 또한, 똑같이, 억제하다 후렴, 상투문구.
balanced: 안정된, 완전 영양식, 균형 그리고 또한. serviceable: 쓸모 있는, 오래쓸수
잡힌, 균형이 잡힌. mail-clad: 쇠미늘 갑옷을 입은. 있는, 튼튼한, 사용할 수 있는, 소용에
fewer: 보다 소수의. manes: 조상의 영혼. 닿는, 기꺼이 도와주는, 쓸모있는.
girded: 대비하는, 둘러 싸는, perforce: 부득이, 무리하게, settled: 고정된, 기틀이 잡힌, 안정된,
조롱하는, 차는, 허리띠로 졸라 매는. 필연적으로, 억지로. 정주한, 청산된.
glittering: 빛나는, 반짝이는. perishing: 몹시, 지독하게, 추위 따위 triumph: 성공하다, 이기다, 승리,
hastily: 급히, 허둥지둥, 서둘러서, 혹독한, 죽는. 개선식, 승리감, 승리를 기뻐하다,
경솔하게, 성급하게, 조급하게, refrain: 후렴, 참다, 자제하다, 삼가다, 승리를 자랑하다, 대성공, 승리의
서둘러. 그만두다, 반복구, 억제하다, 기쁨, 정복, 공적.
 Homer 105

glare of his lightning upon the Achaeans; when they saw this, pale fear fell upon
them and they were sore afraid.%
Idomeneus dared not stay nor yet Agamemnon, nor did the two Ajaxes,
servants of Mars, hold their ground. Nestor knight of Gerene alone stood firm,
bulwark of the Achaeans, not of his own will, but one of his horses was disabled.
Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen had hit it with an arrow just on the top of
its head where the mane begins to grow away from the skull, a very deadly
place. The horse bounded in his anguish as the arrow pierced his brain, and his
struggles threw others into confusion. The old man instantly began cutting the
traces with his sword, but Hector’s fleet horses bore down upon him through the
rout with their bold charioteer, even Hector himself, and the old man would
have perished there and then had not Diomed been quick to mark, and with a
loud cry called Ulysses to help him.
“Ulysses,” he cried, “noble son of Laertes where are you flying to, with your
back turned like a coward? See that you are not struck with a spear between the
shoulders. Stay here and help me to defend Nestor from this man’s furious
onset.”
Ulysses would not give ear, but sped onward to the ships of the Achaeans,
and the son of Tydeus flinging himself alone into the thick of the fight took his
stand before the horses of the son of Neleus. “Sir,” said he, “these young
warriors are pressing you hard, your force is spent, and age is heavy upon you,
your squire is naught, and your horses are slow to move. Mount my chariot and
see what the horses of Tros can do—how cleverly they can scud hither and
thither over the plain either in flight or in pursuit. I took them from the hero
Aeneas. Let our squires attend to your own steeds, but let us drive mine straight
at the Trojans, that Hector may learn how furiously I too can wield my spear.”
Nestor knight of Gerene hearkened to his words. Thereon the doughty
squires, Sthenelus and kind-hearted Eurymedon, saw to Nestor’s horses, while
the two both mounted Diomed’s chariot. Nestor took the reins in his hands and
lashed the horses on; they were soon close up with Hector, and the son of Tydeus
aimed a spear at him as he was charging full speed towards them. He missed

Korean
confusion: 당황, 혼동, 혼란, 혼미, ear: 귀, 청각, 경청, 보리 따위의 이삭, 표면, 야함, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다,
지리멸렬, 뒤죽박죽, 착란, 난잡. 귀꼴의 물건, 귓바퀴, 옥수수 열매, 현란하다, 눈을 부릅뜨고 나타나다.
cutting: 예리한, 신랄한, 절단, 싸게 옥수수열매, 귀 모양의 것, 이삭, naught: 무, 제로, 무가치한, 영, 나쁜,
파는, 자른 가지, 필름 편집, 통렬한, 이삭이 패다. 무용의, 망한, 무가치, 붕괴한,
살을 에는 듯한, 날카로운, 깎고 가는 flying: 나는 듯이 빠른, 나는, 질주, 사악한, 아무것도 아님.
가공, 오려낸 것. 비행, 공중에 뜨는, 급히 서두르는, skull: 두개골, 머리, 두뇌, 머리를
defend: 변호하다, 지키다, 방위하다, 솜나부랑이, 공중에 떠도는, 흩날리는 때리다, 일류 인물.
방어하다, 답변하다, 항변하다, 것, 펄럭이는, 뛰어 달아나는. sore: 상처, 아픈, 언짢은 추억, 지독한,
옹호하다. glare: 눈에 띄다, 번쩍이는 빛, 성마른, 슬픈, 아프게, 얼얼한, 비통,
disabled: 불구가 된, 무능력하게 된, 날카로운 눈씨, 노려 흘겨 보다, 힘차게, 진무른데.
신체 장애자, 신체 장애자들. 눈부신 빛, 현란함, 얼어 붙은 얼음의 wield: 휘두르다, 지배하다.
106 The Iliad

him, but struck his charioteer and squire Eniopeus son of noble Thebaeus in the
breast by the nipple while the reins were in his hands, so that he died there and
then, and the horses swerved as he fell headlong from the chariot. Hector was
greatly grieved at the loss of his charioteer, but let him lie for all his sorrow,
while he went in quest of another driver; nor did his steeds have to go long
without one, for he presently found brave Archeptolemus the son of Iphitus, and
made him get up behind the horses, giving the reins into his hand.%
All had then been lost and no help for it, for they would have been penned
up in Ilius like sheep, had not the sire of gods and men been quick to mark, and
hurled a fiery flaming thunderbolt which fell just in front of Diomed’s horses
with a flare of burning brimstone. The horses were frightened and tried to back
beneath the car, while the reins dropped from Nestor’s hands. Then he was
afraid and said to Diomed, “Son of Tydeus, turn your horses in flight; see you
not that the hand of Jove is against you? To-day he vouchsafes victory to Hector;
to-morrow, if it so please him, he will again grant it to ourselves; no man,
however brave, may thwart the purpose of Jove, for he is far stronger than any.”
Diomed answered, “All that you have said is true; there is a grief however
which pierces me to the very heart, for Hector will talk among the Trojans and
say, ‘The son of Tydeus fled before me to the ships.’ This is the vaunt he will
make, and may earth then swallow me.”
“Son of Tydeus,” replied Nestor, “what mean you? Though Hector say that
you are a coward the Trojans and Dardanians will not believe him, nor yet the
wives of the mighty warriors whom you have laid low.”
So saying he turned the horses back through the thick of the battle, and with
a cry that rent the air the Trojans and Hector rained their darts after them. Hector
shouted to him and said, “Son of Tydeus, the Danaans have done you honour
hitherto as regards your place at table, the meals they give you, and the filling of
your cup with wine. Henceforth they will despise you, for you are become no
better than a woman. Be off, girl and coward that you are, you shall not scale our
walls through any flinching upon my part; neither shall you carry off our wives
in your ships, for I shall kill you with my own hand.”

Korean
breast: 가슴, 유방, 흉부, 무릅쓰다, ourselves: 우리자신, 우리 스스로, thick: 가장 두꺼운부분, 두껍게,
가슴에받다, 가슴통을 달다, 가슴을 우리들 자신에게, 우리들 자신을, 우거진 수풀, 만난을 무릅쓰고, 한창
대다, 가슴 모양의 부분, 대담하게 평상시의 우리들, 평소의 우리들. 때, 굵은, 진하게, 두꺼운, 빽빽한,
맞서다, 젖퉁이, 헤치고 나아가다. quest: 탐색, 탐색하다, 탐구, 찾다, 짙은, 진한.
brimstone: 유황. 특히 사냥개가 사냥감의 뒤를 밟아 thunderbolt: 벼락, 청천 병력, 뇌전,
burning: 불타는, 긴급한, 격렬한, 찾다, 사냥감의 뒤를 밟아 찾다. 성미가 벼락 같은 사람, 번개.
타고 있는 것, 타고 있는, 시급한. regards: 문안 인사, 편지 따위의 문안 thwart: 반대하다, 카누의 창막이,
despise: 경멸하다. 인사. 좌절시키다, 보트나 카누의 가로장,
lie: 거짓말, 방향, 눕다, 위치, 있다, rent: 지대, 임대되다, 분열, 집세, 가로질러, 가로지른, 방해하다,
기대다, 향, 거짓말하다, 통해 있다, 불화, 임차료, 협곡, 균열, 방세, 에 훼방놓다, 가로놓인, 보트 젓는
사기, 소굴. 지대를 물다, 임대. 사람의 좌석, 을 가로질러서.
 Homer 107

The son of Tydeus was in two minds whether or no to turn his horses round
again and fight him. Thrice did he doubt, and thrice did Jove thunder from the
heights of Ida in token to the Trojans that he would turn the battle in their
favour. Hector then shouted to them and said, “Trojans, Lycians, and
Dardanians, lovers of close fighting, be men, my friends, and fight with might
and with main; I see that Jove is minded to vouchsafe victory and great glory to
myself, while he will deal destruction upon the Danaans. Fools, for having
thought of building this weak and worthless wall. It shall not stay my fury; my
horses will spring lightly over their trench, and when I am at their ships forget
not to bring me fire that I may burn them, while I slaughter the Argives who will
be all dazed and bewildered by the smoke.”%
Then he cried to his horses, “Xanthus and Podargus, and you Aethon and
goodly Lampus, pay me for your keep now and for all the honey-sweet corn
with which Andromache daughter of great Eetion has fed you, and for she has
mixed wine and water for you to drink whenever you would, before doing so
even for me who am her own husband. Haste in pursuit, that we may take the
shield of Nestor, the fame of which ascends to heaven, for it is of solid gold, arm-
rods and all, and that we may strip from the shoulders of Diomed. the cuirass
which Vulcan made him. Could we take these two things, the Achaeans would
set sail in their ships this self-same night.”
Thus did he vaunt, but Queen Juno made high Olympus quake as she shook
with rage upon her throne. Then said she to the mighty god of Neptune, “What
now, wide ruling lord of the earthquake? Can you find no compassion in your
heart for the dying Danaans, who bring you many a welcome offering to Helice
and to Aegae? Wish them well then. If all of us who are with the Danaans were
to drive the Trojans back and keep Jove from helping them, he would have to sit
there sulking alone on Ida.”
King Neptune was greatly troubled and answered, “Juno, rash of tongue,
what are you talking about? We other gods must not set ourselves against Jove,
for he is far stronger than we are.”

Korean
compassion: 동정, 연민, 측은히 여김, 이루어진. 사이가 좋은, 멋진, 완전한, 순수한,
동정심. quake: 흔들리다, 떨림, 흔들림, 속이 비지 않은, 연속된, 하이픈없이
corn: 옥수수, 밀, 티눈, 곡물, 낟알, 못, 떨리다, 진동하다, 덜덜떨다, 요동, 된.
귀리, 감상적인 음악, 곡초, 뿔이 지진, 부들부들떨다. token: 기념품, 표, 이름만의,
있는의 뜻, 소금을 뿌리다. rash: 무모한, 발진, 뾰루지, 지각없는, 대용화폐, 명목상의, 암호, 유물,
lightly: 가볍게, 명랑하게, 부드럽게, 성급한, 무분별한, 부스럼, 빈발, 점점, 증거, 전조, 신호.
쉽사리, 민첩하게, 경솔히, 사뿐히, 다발, 경솔한, 조급한. whenever: 할 때에는 언제든지,
약간, 얕게, 홀가분하게, 조용히. ruling: 우세한, 지배, 통치하는, 할때는 언제나, 도대체 언제.
mixed: 남녀 혼합의, 섞인, 혼합된, 일반적인, 지배하는, 판정, 통치, worthless: 가치 없는, 아무짝에도 못
혼성의, 남녀 혼성의, 머리가 재정, 괘를 그음, 일반의, 주요한. 쓸.
혼란해진, 여러 잡다한 인간으로 solid: 고체, 견실한, 입체의, 고체의,
108 The Iliad

Thus%did they converse; but the whole space enclosed by the ditch, from the
ships even to the wall, was filled with horses and warriors, who were pent up
there by Hector son of Priam, now that the hand of Jove was with him. He would
even have set fire to the ships and burned them, had not Queen Juno put it into
the mind of Agamemnon, to bestir himself and to encourage the Achaeans. To
this end he went round the ships and tents carrying a great purple cloak, and
took his stand by the huge black hull of Ulysses’ ship, which was middlemost of
all; it was from this place that his voice would carry farthest, on the one hand
towards the tents of Ajax son of Telamon, and on the other towards those of
Achilles—for these two heroes, well assured of their own strength, had
valorously drawn up their ships at the two ends of the line. From this spot then,
with a voice that could be heard afar, he shouted to the Danaans, saying,
“Argives, shame on you cowardly creatures, brave in semblance only; where are
now our vaunts that we should prove victorious—the vaunts we made so
vaingloriously in Lemnos, when we ate the flesh of horned cattle and filled our
mixing-bowls to the brim? You vowed that you would each of you stand against
a hundred or two hundred men, and now you prove no match even for one—for
Hector, who will be ere long setting our ships in a blaze. Father Jove, did you
ever so ruin a great king and rob him so utterly of his greatness? Yet, when to my
sorrow I was coming hither, I never let my ship pass your altars without offering
the fat and thigh-bones of heifers upon every one of them, so eager was I to sack
the city of Troy. Vouchsafe me then this prayer—suffer us to escape at any rate
with our lives, and let not the Achaeans be so utterly vanquished by the
Trojans.”
Thus did he pray, and father Jove pitying his tears vouchsafed him that his
people should live, not die; forthwith he sent them an eagle, most unfailingly
portentous of all birds, with a young fawn in its talons; the eagle dropped the
fawn by the altar on which the Achaeans sacrificed to Jove the lord of omens;
when, therefore, the people saw that the bird had come from Jove, they sprang
more fiercely upon the Trojans and fought more boldly.

Korean
assured: 자신있게, 확실한, 보험에 빠뜨리다, 도랑에빠뜨리다, 죽을 아첨하다, 재롱떨다, 해롱거리다,
부친, 확신하여, 자신 있는, 생명 때까지 분전하다, 착수시키다, 치다, 엷은 황갈색, 새끼를 낳다, 아양떨다.
보험을 건, 보증된. 도랑을 파다, 도랑에 떨어뜨리다, hull: 선체, 정체, 덮개, 껍데기, 덮개를
bestir: 분기시키다, 노력하다, 영국 해협, 버리다. 벗기다, 선체를 궤뚫다, 껍데기를
분기하다, 활약하다. eagle: 독수리자리, 수리, 수리표, 제거하다, 외피.
blaze: 포고하다, 빛나다, 드날림, 독수리, 옛 십달러 금화, 독수리 자리, middlemost: 한가운데의, 한복판의,
화염, 불같이 노하다, 알리다, 빛, 독수리 표, 표준보다 두 타수 적은 한 가운데의, 제일 한가운데의.
격발, 불타다, 광휘, 타오르다. 타수. pent: 다섯의 뜻의 결합사, 갇힌.
brim: 가장자리, 양테, 가득채우다, farthest: 가장먼, 가장멀리, 가장 먼, pitying: 동정하는, 불쌍히 여기는.
넘치다, 그릇의 가장자리, 가득 붓다. 가장 멀리. unfailingly: 꼭, 틀림없이, 확실히.
ditch: 도랑, 을 버리다, 도랑에 fawn: 엷은 황갈색의, 새끼사슴, valorously: 씩씩하게, 용감하게.
 Homer 109

There was no man of all the many Danaans who could then boast that he had
driven his horses over the trench and gone forth to fight sooner than the son of
Tydeus; long before any one else could do so he slew an armed warrior of the
Trojans, Agelaus the son of Phradmon. He had turned his horses in flight, but the
spear struck him in the back midway between his shoulders and went right
through his chest, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell forward
from his chariot.%
After him came Agamemnon and Menelaus, sons of Atreus, the two Ajaxes
clothed in valour as with a garment, Idomeneus and his companion in arms
Meriones, peer of murderous Mars, and Eurypylus the brave son of Euaemon.
Ninth came Teucer with his bow, and took his place under cover of the shield of
Ajax son of Telamon. When Ajax lifted his shield Teucer would peer round, and
when he had hit any one in the throng, the man would fall dead; then Teucer
would hie back to Ajax as a child to its mother, and again duck down under his
shield.
Which of the Trojans did brave Teucer first kill? Orsilochus, and then
Ormenus and Ophelestes, Daetor, Chromius, and godlike Lycophontes,
Amopaon son of Polyaemon, and Melanippus. these in turn did he lay low upon
the earth, and King Agamemnon was glad when he saw him making havoc of
the Trojans with his mighty bow. He went up to him and said, “Teucer, man
after my own heart, son of Telamon, captain among the host, shoot on, and be at
once the saving of the Danaans and the glory of your father Telamon, who
brought you up and took care of you in his own house when you were a child,
bastard though you were. Cover him with glory though he is far off; I will
promise and I will assuredly perform; if aegis-bearing Jove and Minerva grant
me to sack the city of Ilius, you shall have the next best meed of honour after my
own—a tripod, or two horses with their chariot, or a woman who shall go up
into your bed.”
And Teucer answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, you need not urge me;
from the moment we began to drive them back to Ilius, I have never ceased so far
as in me lies to look out for men whom I can shoot and kill; I have shot eight

Korean
arms: 무기, 팔, 힘, 전투 무장시키다, 귀여운사람, 귀여운 사람, 약속 따위를 이행하다, 동물이 재주를
권력, 앞다리, 문장, 군사. 홱머리를숙이다, 물에 쑥 잠기게하다, 부리다.
assuredly: 대담히, 확실하게, 물에쑥잠기게하다, 홱 머리를 숙이다. saving: 저금, 구조, 절약, 절약하는,
자신있게, 확실히, 자신을 가지고, hie: 서두르다, 급히가다. 구제, 제외하는, 저축, 을 더는, 보상,
확신을 가지고. ninth: 아홉번째로, 제 9, 제구, 구하는, 외에는.
companion: 동료, 동무, 동반자, 갑판 제구의, 제구번째의 사람, 제구번째의 shoot: 쏘다, 쑥내밀다, 발사하다,
승강구의 덮개문, 말동무, 안내서, 것, 제구번째의, 제구로, 제 9의, 구도, 내려가다, 퍼붓다, 질주하다, 나다,
이야기 상대로 고용된 여자, 짝, 천창, 아홉분의 하나의. 곧게 밀다, 촬영하다, 사출하다,
최하위 훈작사, 패. perform: 연주하다, 성취하다, 슈트하다.
duck: 오리, 피하다, 수륙양용 트럭, 실행하다, 하다, 실행자, 연주자, tripod: 삼각, 삼각 걸상, 삼각의, 삼각
오리의 고기, 돈을 물쓰듯하다, 행하다, 공연하다, 극을 공연하다, 의자, 삼각기, 삼각대, 그 모조품.
110 The Iliad

barbed shafts, and all of them have been buried in the flesh of warlike youths,
but this mad dog I cannot hit.”
As he spoke he aimed another arrow straight at Hector, for he was bent on
hitting him; nevertheless he missed him, and the arrow hit Priam’s brave son
Gorgythion in the breast. His mother, fair Castianeira, lovely as a goddess, had
been married from Aesyme, and now he bowed his head as a garden poppy in
full bloom when it is weighed down by showers in spring—even thus heavy
bowed his head beneath the weight of his helmet.%
Again he aimed at Hector, for he was longing to hit him, and again his arrow
missed, for Apollo turned it aside; but he hit Hector’s brave charioteer
Archeptolemus in the breast, by the nipple, as he was driving furiously into the
fight. The horses swerved aside as he fell headlong from the chariot, and there
was no life left in him. Hector was greatly grieved at the loss of his charioteer,
but for all his sorrow he let him lie where he fell, and bade his brother Cebriones,
who was hard by, take the reins. Cebriones did as he had said. Hector thereon
with a loud cry sprang from his chariot to the ground, and seizing a great stone
made straight for Teucer with intent kill him. Teucer had just taken an arrow
from his quiver and had laid it upon the bow-string, but Hector struck him with
the jagged stone as he was taking aim and drawing the string to his shoulder; he
hit him just where the collar-bone divides the neck from the chest, a very deadly
place, and broke the sinew of his arm so that his wrist was less, and the bow
dropped from his hand as he fell forward on his knees. Ajax saw that his brother
had fallen, and running towards him bestrode him and sheltered him with his
shield. Meanwhile his two trusty squires, Mecisteus son of Echius, and Alastor,
came up and bore him to the ships groaning in his great pain.
Jove now again put heart into the Trojans, and they drove the Achaeans to
their deep trench with Hector in all his glory at their head. As a hound grips a
wild boar or lion in flank or buttock when he gives him chase, and watches
warily for his wheeling, even so did Hector follow close upon the Achaeans,
ever killing the hindmost as they rushed panic-stricken onwards. When they had
fled through the set stakes and trench and many Achaeans had been laid low at

Korean
barbed: 신랄한, 미늘이 있는, 가시 장소의 꽃. seizing: 압류, 잡기, 동여맴, 동여매는
있는 말, 마늘이 있는, 바늘 돋친, fallen: 타락한, 쓰러진, 파멸한, 죽은, 밧줄, 점유, 움켜짐, 꼭쥠, 빼앗음,
가시 돋쳐 있는, 가시 돋친, 바늘 돋쳐 떨어진, 전복된. 소유, 붙잡기.
있는. hindmost: 맨 뒤의. sinew: 근육, 건, 힘, 돈,
bent: 굽은, 초원, 황야, 마음을 기울인, hound: 사냥개, 열중하는 사람, 근력을북돋우다, 건으로 잇다, 건으로
열심인, 경향, 허리가 굽은, 성벽, 맹렬히 쫓다, 비열한자, 사냥개로 연결하다.
겨이삭속 또는 그와 비슷한 사냥하다, 비열한 사나이, 개. warily: 조심하여, 방심 않고.
포아풀과의 잡초, 그 줄기, 기호. onwards: 전방으로의, 전방으로. warlike: 전쟁의, 호전적인, 전투적인,
bloom: 번영하다, 개화기, 꽃, 쇳덩이, poppy: 양귀비, 진홍색, 그 상무의, 도전적인, 군사의, 용맹한.
건강한-피다, 과분, 개화, 앵두빛, 엑스트랙트, 아빠, 양귀비 빛깔, wheeling: 윤전, 노면의 상태, 수레로
특정 시즌의 꽃, 특정 식물의 꽃, 특정 심홍색. 나르기, 자전거 타기.
 Homer 111

the hands of the Trojans, they halted at their ships, calling upon one another and
praying every man instantly as they lifted up their hands to the gods; but Hector
wheeled his horses this way and that, his eyes glaring like those of Gorgo or
murderous Mars.%
Juno when she saw them had pity upon them, and at once said to Minerva,
“Alas, child of aegis-bearing Jove, shall you and I take no more thought for the
dying Danaans, though it be the last time we ever do so? See how they perish
and come to a bad end before the onset of but a single man. Hector the son of
Priam rages with intolerable fury, and has already done great mischief.”
Minerva answered, “Would, indeed, this fellow might die in his own land,
and fall by the hands of the Achaeans; but my father Jove is mad with spleen,
ever foiling me, ever headstrong and unjust. He forgets how often I saved his
son when he was worn out by the labours Eurystheus had laid on him. He would
weep till his cry came up to heaven, and then Jove would send me down to help
him; if I had had the sense to foresee all this, when Eurystheus sent him to the
house of Hades, to fetch the hell-hound from Erebus, he would never have come
back alive out of the deep waters of the river Styx. And now Jove hates me, while
he lets Thetis have her way because she kissed his knees and took hold of his
beard, when she was begging him to do honour to Achilles. I shall know what to
do next time he begins calling me his grey-eyed darling. Get our horses ready,
while I go within the house of aegis-bearing Jove and put on my armour; we
shall then find out whether Priam’s son Hector will be glad to meet us in the
highways of battle, or whether the Trojans will glut hounds and vultures with
the fat of their flesh as they be dead by the ships of the Achaeans.”
Thus did she speak and white-armed Juno, daughter of great Saturn, obeyed
her words; she set about harnessing her gold-bedizened steeds, while Minerva
daughter of aegis-bearing Jove flung her richly vesture, made with her own
hands, on to the threshold of her father, and donned the shirt of Jove, arming
herself for battle. Then she stepped into her flaming chariot, and grasped the
spear so stout and sturdy and strong with which she quells the ranks of heroes
who have displeased her. Juno lashed her horses, and the gates of heaven

beard: 수염, 미늘-수염을 잡다,
공공연히 반항하다, 미늘, 에게
공공연히 반항하다, 의 수염을
꺼두르다, 까락, 턱수염, 의 수염을
잡아 뽑다, 경사면, 깎아 내다.
calling: 천직, 부름, 직업, 소집, 점호,
강한 충동, 하느님의 부르심, 방문,
울음소리, 외침, 소명.
fat: 지방, 살찐, 기름기, 살찌다,
지방이 많은, 풍부한, 유복한, 둔감한,
비옥한, 윤택, 비만.
Korean
foiling: 꽃잎 장식, 냄새 자국, 취적. 언짢음.
foresee: 예견하다, 미리알다. unjust: 부정한, 불공평한.
glaring: 눈부신, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, weep: 울다, 흘리다, 눈물을 흘리다,
눈에 띄는, 명백한, 흘겨보는, 야한, 슬퍼하다, 스며 나오게 하다,
빤한, 현란한, 빤짝빤짝 빛나는, 물방울이 듣다, 비탄하다, 스며내다,
쏘아보. 에 눈물을 흘리다, 물기를 내뿜다,
headstrong: 완고한. 가지를 축 늘어뜨리다.
shirt: 와이셔츠, 성내지 않다, 셔츠, wheeled: 바퀴 달린, 바퀴의.
내의, 포장천, 남자 잠옷. worn: 녹초가 된, 낡아 빠진,
spleen: 비장, 지라, 우울, 노여움, 닳아빠진.
언짢음, 원한, 의기소침, 기분이
112 The Iliad

bellowed as they flew open of their own accord—gates over which the Hours
preside, in whose hands are heaven and Olympus, either to open the dense
cloud that hides them or to close it. Through these the goddesses drove their
obedient steeds.%
But father Jove when he saw them from Ida was very angry, and sent winged
Iris with a message to them. “Go,” said he, “fleet Iris, turn them back, and see
that they do not come near me, for if we come to fighting there will be mischief.
This is what I say, and this is what I mean to do. I will lame their horses for them;
I will hurl them from their chariot, and will break it in pieces. It will take them
all ten years to heal the wounds my lightning shall inflict upon them; my grey-
eyed daughter will then learn what quarrelling with her father means. I am less
surprised and angry with Juno, for whatever I say she always contradicts me.”
With this Iris went her way, fleet as the wind, from the heights of Ida to the
lofty summits of Olympus. She met the goddesses at the outer gates of its many
valleys and gave them her message. “What,” said she, “are you about? Are you
mad? The son of Saturn forbids going. This is what he says, and this is he means
to do, he will lame your horses for you, he will hurl you from your chariot, and
will break it in pieces. It will take you all ten years to heal the wounds his
lightning will inflict upon you, that you may learn, grey-eyed goddess, what
quarrelling with your father means. He is less hurt and angry with Juno, for
whatever he says she always contradicts him but you, bold hussy, will you really
dare to raise your huge spear in defiance of Jove?”
With this she left them, and Juno said to Minerva, “Of a truth, child of aegis-
bearing Jove, I am not for fighting men’s battles further in defiance of Jove. Let
them live or die as luck will have it, and let Jove mete out his judgements upon
the Trojans and Danaans according to his own pleasure.”
She turned her steeds; the Hours presently unyoked them, made them fast to
their ambrosial mangers, and leaned the chariot against the end wall of the
courtyard. The two goddesses then sat down upon their golden thrones, amid
the company of the other gods; but they were very angry.

Korean
angry: 성난, 성나있는, 몹시쑤시는, 입히다, 상처를 입히다, 아프다, 할당하다, 상벌 따위를 할당하다.
타는 듯한, 험한, 염증을 일으킨. 상처를 입다, 해를 입다, 에 상처를 pieces: 산산조각.
defiance: 도전, 반항, 무시. 내다, 상하게 하다. raise: 세우다, 제기하다, 올리다,
die: 주사위, 죽다, 소멸하다, 거푸집, inflict: 가하다, 과하다, 주다, 승진시키다, 일으키다, 지르다,
나사틀, 희미해지다, 화인, 죽을 것 괴롭히다, 짊어지우다. 높이다, 소생시키다, 늘리다, 기르다,
같다, 주사위꼴로 자른 것, 주사위 luck: 행운, 불행히도, 운, 불운. 모으다.
도박, 점점 작아지다. mad: 미친, 무모한, 열중한, 들떠서 surprised: 놀란, 놀라다.
golden: 금빛의, 금의, 귀중한, 절호의, 흥청거리는, 공수병에 걸린, 미친 것 whose: 누구의.
훌륭한, 황금, 금으로 반든, 금이 같은, 성난, 열광한, 분노. wind: 바람, 숨, 불다, 감다, 굽이,
가득찬, 누런빛의, 융성한, 전성의. mete: 재다, 할당하다, 경계석, 경계, 소문, 휘감기다, 호흡, 한번 감기,
hurt: 상처, 고통, 다치다, 부상, 부상을 주다, 경계석표, 보수 따위를 통풍하다, 숨을 돌리게 하다.
 Homer 113

Presently father Jove drove his chariot to Olympus, and entered the assembly
of gods. The mighty lord of the earthquake unyoked his horses for him, set the
car upon its stand, and threw a cloth over it. Jove then sat down upon his golden
throne and Olympus reeled beneath him. Minerva and Juno sat alone, apart from
Jove, and neither spoke nor asked him questions, but Jove knew what they
meant, and said, “Minerva and Juno, why are you so angry? Are you fatigued
with killing so many of your dear friends the Trojans? Be this as it may, such is
the might of my hands that all the gods in Olympus cannot turn me; you were
both of you trembling all over ere ever you saw the fight and its terrible doings. I
tell you therefore-and it would have surely been—I should have struck you with
lighting, and your chariots would never have brought you back again to
Olympus.”%
Minerva and Juno groaned in spirit as they sat side by side and brooded
mischief for the Trojans. Minerva sat silent without a word, for she was in a
furious passion and bitterly incensed against her father; but Juno could not
contain herself and said, “What, dread son of Saturn, are you talking about? We
know how great your power is, nevertheless we have compassion upon the
Danaan warriors who are perishing and coming to a bad end. We will, however,
since you so bid us, refrain from actual fighting, but we will make serviceable
suggestions to the Argives, that they may not all of them perish in your
displeasure.”
And Jove answered, “To-morrow morning, Juno, if you choose to do so, you
will see the son of Saturn destroying large numbers of the Argives, for fierce
Hector shall not cease fighting till he has roused the son of Peleus when they are
fighting in dire straits at their ships’ sterns about the body of Patroclus. Like it or
no, this is how it is decreed; for aught I care, you may go to the lowest depths
beneath earth and sea, where Iapetus and Saturn dwell in lone Tartarus with
neither ray of light nor breath of wind to cheer them. You may go on and on till
you get there, and I shall not care one whit for your displeasure; you are the
greatest vixen living.”

apart: 떨어져, 대들다, 산산이,
떨어져서, 별개로.
aught: 아마, 아무래도 상관 없다, 어떤
일, 어떤 것, 무엇이든.
cheer: 환호, 기분, 갈채, 갈채하다,
격려, 격려하다, 기운이 나다, 음식물,
기운을 북돋우다, 환성을 지르다,
음식.
cloth: 행주, 피륙, 돛, 옷감, 걸레, 검은
성직복, 모직물, 범포, 클로스, 천,
헝겊.
Korean
dire: 극도의, 긴급한, 무서운, 무서은, 복사선, 번득임, 번쩍이다.
긴박한. silent: 조용한, 활동하지 않는, 묵음의,
lighting: 조명, 그림 등에서 빛의 무언의, 무언으로, 침묵하는, 조용히,
배치, 빛의 배치, 사진 등에서 빛의 잠자코, 익명의, 침묵을 지키는,
배치, 조명법, 점화. 소식이 없는.
lone: 외로운, 쓸쓸한, 고독한. straits: 궁핍.
passion: 열정, 격정, 정욕, 정열, 수난, trembling: 전율하는, 떨림, 떨리는,
감정의 폭발, 울화, 수동, 열렬한 전율, 떨기, 전율 떠는.
사랑, 감탄하는 것, 열망하는 것. vixen: 암여우, 여자, 쨍쨍대는,
ray: 가오리, 번득이다, 광선, 열선, 심술궂은 여자.
방사하다, 방사선, 서광, 반지름,
114 The Iliad

Juno made him no answer. The sun’s glorious orb now sank into Oceanus
and drew down night over the land. Sorry indeed were the Trojans when light
failed them, but welcome and thrice prayed for did darkness fall upon the
Achaeans.%
Then Hector led the Trojans back from the ships, and held a council on the
open space near the river, where there was a spot clear of corpses. They left their
chariots and sat down on the ground to hear the speech he made them. He
grasped a spear eleven cubits long, the bronze point of which gleamed in front of
it, while the ring round the spear-head was of gold. Spear in hand he spoke.
“Hear me,” said he, “Trojans, Dardanians, and allies. I deemed but now that I
should destroy the ships and all the Achaeans with them ere I went back to Ilius,
but darkness came on too soon. It was this alone that saved them and their ships
upon the seashore. Now, therefore, let us obey the behests of night, and prepare
our suppers. Take your horses out of their chariots and give them their feeds of
corn; then make speed to bring sheep and cattle from the city; bring wine also
and corn for your horses and gather much wood, that from dark till dawn we
may burn watchfires whose flare may reach to heaven. For the Achaeans may try
to fly beyond the sea by night, and they must not embark scatheless and
unmolested; many a man among them must take a dart with him to nurse at
home, hit with spear or arrow as he is leaping on board his ship, that others may
fear to bring war and weeping upon the Trojans. Moreover let the heralds tell it
about the city that the growing youths and grey-bearded men are to camp upon
its heaven-built walls. Let the women each of them light a great fire in her house,
and let watch be safely kept lest the town be entered by surprise while the host is
outside. See to it, brave Trojans, as I have said, and let this suffice for the
moment; at daybreak I will instruct you further. I pray in hope to Jove and to the
gods that we may then drive those fate-sped hounds from our land, for ‘tis the
fates that have borne them and their ships hither. This night, therefore, let us
keep watch, but with early morning let us put on our armour and rouse fierce
war at the ships of the Achaeans; I shall then know whether brave Diomed the
son of Tydeus will drive me back from the ships to the wall, or whether I shall
myself slay him and carry off his bloodstained spoils. To-morrow let him show
Korean
camp: 야영지, 수용소, 진영, 비행하다, 비행, 도망하다, 달리다, 음으로 하다, 불협화음을 조화된
군대생활, 천막을 치다, 캠프, 캠프장, 펄럭이다. 음으로 하다, 조화 음으로 하다,
산장, 동성애의, 꾸미는 태도, 지부. instruct: 지시하다, 알리다, 가르치다, 준비하고 있다, 준비시키다, 조화된
eleven: 열한사람의, 축구팀, 열하나, 통고하다, 교육하다, 명령하다, 에게 음으로 하다.
열한, 십일. 교수하다, 에게 명령하다, 에게 seashore: 해안, 해변, 해안의, 해변의.
embark: 투자하다, 배를타다, 지시하다, 보고하다. spot: 점, 반점, 얼룩, 당장의, 흑점,
출범하다, 배에 태우다, 착수하다, orb: 천체, 구체, 구, 눈알, 세계, 안구, 오점, 조금, 발견하다, 결점,
태우다, 배에 타다, 비행기에 타다. 눈, 공 모양으로 하다, 보주. 산재시키다, 지점.
failed: 실패한. prepare: 준비하다, 각오시키다, suffice: 에 충분하다, 충분하다,
fly: 날다, 파리, 날리다, 조종하다, 조리하다-준비하다, 각오하고 있다, 만족시키다, 족하다.
달아나다, 순식간에없어지다, 남을 준비시키다, 불협화음을 조화 unmolested: 평온한, 곤란받지않는.
 Homer 115

his mettle, abide my spear if he dare. I ween that at break of day, he shall be
among the first to fall and many another of his comrades round him. Would that
I were as sure of being immortal and never growing old, and of being
worshipped like Minerva and Apollo, as I am that this day will bring evil to the
Argives.”%
Thus spoke Hector and the Trojans shouted applause. They took their
sweating steeds from under the yoke, and made them fast each by his own
chariot. They made haste to bring sheep and cattle from the city, they brought
wine also and corn from their houses and gathered much wood. They then
offered unblemished hecatombs to the immortals, and the wind carried the
sweet savour of sacrifice to heaven—but the blessed gods partook not thereof,
for they bitterly hated Ilius with Priam and Priam’s people. Thus high in hope
they sat through the livelong night by the highways of war, and many a
watchfire did they kindle. As when the stars shine clear, and the moon is
bright—there is not a breath of air, not a peak nor glade nor jutting headland but
it stands out in the ineffable radiance that breaks from the serene of heaven; the
stars can all of them be told and the heart of the shepherd is glad—even thus
shone the watchfires of the Trojans before Ilius midway between the ships and
the river Xanthus. A thousand camp-fires gleamed upon the plain, and in the
glow of each there sat fifty men, while the horses, champing oats and corn beside
their chariots, waited till dawn should come.

Korean
breath: 호흡, 숨, 순간, 선들거림, moon: 달, 멍하니 시간을 보내다, 비치다, 빼어나다, 좋아함, 윤기,
생기, 향기, 한숨, 산들거림, 무성음, 위성-멍하니 바라보다, 위성, 멍하니 애착, 퍼렇게 멍든 눈, 일광.
무성, 은은한 향기. 바라보다, 행성의 위성, 초승달 sweating: 고문, 고역, 발한, 착취당함.
glow: 백열, 열정, 선명함, 열중하다, 모양의 것, 월광, 빈둥거리다, 멍하니 sweet: 단 것, 사탕, 캔디, 친절한,
기쁨, 달다, 만족감, 백열빛을 내다, 보내다, 일개월. 신선한, 상냥한, 상냥하게, 향기로운,
불붙다, 작열, 빛을 발하다. radiance: 광휘, 빛남, 광채, 발광, 맛있는, 귀여운, 순조롭게.
ineffable: 말로 표현할 수 없는, 눈.얼굴의 빛, 방열. thereof: 그것의, 거기서부터, 그것에
말해서는 안될. serene: 고요한, 맑게 갠, 평화로운, 관해서, 그것으로부터.
jutting: 튀어나온. 온화한, 잔잔한, 맑게 갠 하늘, 평온, unblemished: 흠이 없는, 오점이
mettle: 용기, 기질, 정열, 성질, 열정, 고귀하신, 맑게 하다, 침착한. 없는, 결백한, 깨끗한, 흠집 없는,
성미. shine: 햇빛, 빛나다, 장난, 닦다, 더러운 데가 없는.
116 The Iliad

BOOK IX

Thus%did the Trojans watch. But Panic, comrade of blood-stained Rout, had
taken fast hold of the Achaeans, and their princes were all of them in despair. As
when the two winds that blow from Thrace—the north and the northwest—
spring up of a sudden and rouse the fury of the main—in a moment the dark
waves uprear their heads and scatter their sea-wrack in all directions—even thus
troubled were the hearts of the Achaeans.
The son of Atreus in dismay bade the heralds call the people to a council man
by man, but not to cry the matter aloud; he made haste also himself to call them,
and they sat sorry at heart in their assembly. Agamemnon shed tears as it were a
running stream or cataract on the side of some sheer cliff; and thus, with many a
heavy sigh he spoke to the Achaeans. “My friends,” said he, “princes and
councillors Of the Argives, the hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me.
Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack the city of Troy before
returning, but he has played me false, and is now bidding me go ingloriously
back to Argos with the loss of much people. Such is the will of Jove, who has laid
many a proud city in the dust as he will yet lay others, for his power is above all.
Now, therefore, let us all do as I say and sail back to our own country, for we
shall not take Troy.”

Korean
blow: 강타, 불다, 개화, 바람에 불성실한, 꾸민, 그릇된, 의사의. 한숨쉬며 말하다, 그리워하다,
날리다, 취주, 타격, 한번 불기, heads: 머릿 수. 살랑거리다, 슬퍼하다, 한숨 쉬다,
휘몰아치다, 산란, 폭발하다, proud: 자존심이 있는, 거만한, 한숨 지으며 말하다, 한숨 짓듯
낭비하다. 자랑하고 있는, 영광으로 여기는, 산들거리다, 사모하다.
cataract: 백내장, 큰폭포, 호우, 분류, 자랑으로 생각하는, 자랑할 만한, stream: 시내, 흐르다, 흐름, 펄럭이다,
수력 절등기, 큰 폭포. 자랑하다, 당당한, 교만한, 일이 풍조, 경향, 흘리다, 유출시키다,
cliff: 절벽, 낭떠러지, 벼랑. 자랑할 만한, 물건이 자랑할 만한. 정보의 흐름, 펄럭이게 하다, 물결.
despair: 절망, 절망의 근원, 절망하다, sheer: 수직으로, 얇은, 속이 비치는 sudden: 돌연한, 갑작스런, 돌연.
자포자기. 얇은, 수직의, 순전한, 아주, 가파른, uprear: 올리다, 키우다, 기르다,
false: 가짜의, 가락이 맞지 않는, 전혀, 현호, 벗어나다, 침로를 바꾸다. 일으키다.
거짓의, 틀린, 부정의, 가의, 임시의, sigh: 한숨, 탄식, 을 슬퍼하다,
 Homer 117

Thus%he spoke, and the sons of the Achaeans for a long while sat sorrowful
there, but they all held their peace, till at last Diomed of the loud battle-cry made
answer saying, “Son of Atreus, I will chide your folly, as is my right in council.
Be not then aggrieved that I should do so. In the first place you attacked me
before all the Danaans and said that I was a coward and no soldier. The Argives
young and old know that you did so. But the son of scheming Saturn endowed
you by halves only. He gave you honour as the chief ruler over us, but valour,
which is the highest both right and might he did not give you. Sir, think you that
the sons of the Achaeans are indeed as unwarlike and cowardly as you say they
are? If your own mind is set upon going home—go—the way is open to you; the
many ships that followed you from Mycene stand ranged upon the seashore; but
the rest of us stay here till we have sacked Troy. Nay though these too should
turn homeward with their ships, Sthenelus and myself will still fight on till we
reach the goal of Ilius, for heaven was with us when we came.”
The sons of the Achaeans shouted applause at the words of Diomed, and
presently Nestor rose to speak. “Son of Tydeus,” said he, “in war your prowess is
beyond question, and in council you excel all who are of your own years; no one
of the Achaeans can make light of what you say nor gainsay it, but you have not
yet come to the end of the whole matter. You are still young—you might be the
youngest of my own children—still you have spoken wisely and have counselled
the chief of the Achaeans not without discretion; nevertheless I am older than
you and I will tell you everything; therefore let no man, not even King
Agamemnon, disregard my saying, for he that foments civil discord is a clanless,
hearthless outlaw.
“Now, however, let us obey the behests of night and get our suppers, but let
the sentinels every man of them camp by the trench that is without the wall. I am
giving these instructions to the young men; when they have been attended to, do
you, son of Atreus, give your orders, for you are the most royal among us all.
Prepare a feast for your councillors; it is right and reasonable that you should do
so; there is abundance of wine in your tents, which the ships of the Achaeans
bring from Thrace daily. You have everything at your disposal wherewith to

Korean
abundance: 풍부, 부유, 윤택, 다수, 조종하다. 대하여 법률의 효력을 소멸시키다.
충분한 물작 공급, 충분한 물자 공급, goal: 목적지, 결승점, 골, 결승표, reasonable: 온당한, 도리에 맞는,
유복. 결승점으로 향하다, 결승선, 목표, 사리를 아는, 정당한, 조리가 서는,
discretion: 신중, 행동의 자유, 분별, 목표로 향하다. 과하지 않은, 알맞은, 합리적인,
사려, 자유 재량, 마음대로, 분별 highest: 제일 높은, 최고. 합당한, 적당한, 이성이 있는.
연령, 판단의 자유, 선택의 자유. outlaw: 무법자, 상습범, 법률의 soldier: 용사, 군대에 복무하다, 군인,
disposal: 처분, 배치, 처리, 양도, 보호를 빼앗긴 사람, 비합법적으로 꾀부리다, 전사, 빤들거리다, 사병,
처분의. 하다, 법률의 보호를 빼앗다, 추방자, 용병, 군인이 되다, 훈제 청어, 병사.
fight: 전투, 전투력, 투지싸우다, 법률상의 보호를 박탈당한 사람, wherewith: 무엇으로, 하기 위한,
지휘하다, 움직이다, 싸워얻다, 다툼, 법률상의 은전을 박탈당한 사람, 그것으로, 그것을 가지고.
싸우게하다, 투쟁, 전의, 지휘 불량배, 사회에서 추방된 사람, 에 wisely: 현명하게.
118 The Iliad

entertain guests, and you have many subjects. When many are got together, you
can be guided by him whose counsel is wisest—and sorely do we need shrewd
and prudent counsel, for the foe has lit his watchfires hard by our ships. Who
can be other than dismayed? This night will either be the ruin of our host, or save
it.”
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. The sentinels went out
in their armour under command of Nestor’s son Thrasymedes, a captain of the
host, and of the bold warriors Ascalaphus and Ialmenus: there were also
Meriones, Aphareus and Deipyrus, and the son of Creion, noble Lycomedes.
There were seven captains of the sentinels, and with each there went a hundred
youths armed with long spears: they took their places midway between the
trench and the wall, and when they had done so they lit their fires and got every
man his supper.%
The son of Atreus then bade many councillors of the Achaeans to his quarters
prepared a great feast in their honour. They laid their hands on the good things
that were before them, and as soon as they had enough to eat and drink, old
Nestor, whose counsel was ever truest, was the first to lay his mind before them.
He, therefore, with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus.
“With yourself, most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, will I
both begin my speech and end it, for you are king over much people. Jove,
moreover, has vouchsafed you to wield the sceptre and to uphold righteousness,
that you may take thought for your people under you; therefore it behooves you
above all others both to speak and to give ear, and to out the counsel of another
who shall have been minded to speak wisely. All turns on you and on your
commands, therefore I will say what I think will be best. No man will be of a
truer mind than that which has been mine from the hour when you, sir, angered
Achilles by taking the girl Briseis from his tent against my judgment. I urged you
not to do so, but you yielded to your own pride, and dishonoured a hero whom
heaven itself had honoured—for you still hold the prize that had been awarded
to him. Now, however, let us think how we may appease him, both with presents
and fair speeches that may conciliate him.”

Korean
commands: 명령. 득의의 모습, 득의, 경멸, 거만, 한창,
conciliate: 달래다, 회유하다, 존경을 자랑거리.
얻다, 환심을 사다, 화해시키다, prize: 포획물, 입상한, 상품, 지레로
조정하다, 제편으로 끌어들이다, 올리다, 포로, 비집어 열다, 목적물-
호의를 얻다. 상품으로 주어진, 현상의, 경품, 나포
entertain: 대접하다, 품다, 함선, 포획하다.
즐겁게하다, 유쾌한, 재미있는, prudent: 신중한, 조심성 있는, 분별
즐겁게 하다, 간직하다, 호의로써 있는, 조심스러운.
받아들이다, 환대하다. righteousness: 공정, 정의, 정직, 방정,
lit: 문학의, 빛나는, 문학. 올바름, 정당성.
pride: 자부, 자존심, 자랑, 자만, 만족, shrewd: 빈틈없는, 기민한, 모진, 심한,
약빠른, 날카로운, 짓궂은, 얘민한,
영리해 보이는.
tent: 텐트, 주거, 천막으로 덮다, 빨간
포도주, 텐트 모양의 물건, 휴대 암실,
거즈심을 넣어 벌려두다, 텐트로
덮다, 집, 진홍색의 포도주, 상처
구멍에 넣는 거즈심.
uphold: 받치다, 시인하다, 확인하다,
후원하다, 고무하다, 단언하다, 들어
올리다, 유지하다, 지지하다.
 Homer 119

And King Agamemnon answered, “Sir, you have reproved my folly justly. I
was wrong. I own it. One whom heaven befriends is in himself a host, and Jove
has shown that he befriends this man by destroying much people of the
Achaeans. I was blinded with passion and yielded to my worser mind; therefore
I will make amends, and will give him great gifts by way of atonement. I will tell
them in the presence of you all. I will give him seven tripods that have never yet
been on the fire, and ten talents of gold. I will give him twenty iron cauldrons
and twelve strong horses that have won races and carried off prizes. Rich,
indeed, both in land and gold is he that has as many prizes as my horses have
won me. I will give him seven excellent workwomen, Lesbians, whom I chose for
myself when he took Lesbos—all of surpassing beauty. I will give him these, and
with them her whom I erewhile took from him, the daughter of Briseus; and I
swear a great oath that I never went up into her couch, nor have been with her
after the manner of men and women.%
“All these things will I give him now, and if hereafter the gods vouchsafe me
to sack the city of Priam, let him come when we Achaeans are dividing the spoil,
and load his ship with gold and bronze to his liking; furthermore let him take
twenty Trojan women, the loveliest after Helen herself. Then, when we reach
Achaean Argos, wealthiest of all lands, he shall be my son-in-law and I will show
him like honour with my own dear son Orestes, who is being nurtured in all
abundance. I have three daughters, Chrysothemis, Laodice, and lphianassa, let
him take the one of his choice, freely and without gifts of wooing, to the house of
Peleus; I will add such dower to boot as no man ever yet gave his daughter, and
will give him seven well established cities, Cardamyle, Enope, and Hire, where
there is grass; holy Pherae and the rich meadows of Anthea; Aepea also, and the
vine-clad slopes of Pedasus, all near the sea, and on the borders of sandy Pylos.
The men that dwell there are rich in cattle and sheep; they will honour him with
gifts as though he were a god, and be obedient to his comfortable ordinances. All
this will I do if he will now forgo his anger. Let him then yield; it is only Hades
who is utterly ruthless and unyielding—and hence he is of all gods the one most
hateful to mankind. Moreover I am older and more royal than himself. Therefore,
let him now obey me.”
Korean
atonement: 보상, 그리스도의 속죄, forgo: 없이때우다, 절제하다, 삼가다, 장전하다.
죄값. 끊다, 없이 지내다. races: 경마 대회.
boot: 장화를 신기다, 장화, freely: 아낌없이, 마음대로, 인심 sandy: 불안정한, 모래의,
구둣발질하다, 쓸모있다, 덤, 후하게, 자유로이, 자유롭게, 모래투성이의, 연한 갈색의, 여자
구듯발질, 이익, 덤으로-쓸모 있다, 허물없이. 이름, 스코틀랜드 인의 별명,
도움이 되다, 구두닦이, 발길로 차다. furthermore: 그 위에 더, 더욱 더, 모랫빛의, 모래빛의, 꺼칠꺼칠한,
dividing: 나누는, 구분적인. 더욱이, 게다가. 남자 이름.
dower: 과부산, 천부의 재능, 재능을 justly: 바르게, 정당하게, 공정하게. yield: 주다, 양도하다, 가져오다,
부여하다, 지참금, 결혼 지참금, load: 짐, 하중, 적재량, 근심, 섞음질을 허락하다, 산출하다, 생산하다,
부여하다, 과부산을 주다. 하여 독하게 만들다, 무거운 짐, 부담, 생기게 하다, 휘다, 따르다, 수확,
erewhile: 조금전에. 싣다, 무겁게 하다, 부하, 총에 수율.
120 The Iliad

Then Nestor answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men,

Agamemnon. The gifts you offer are no small ones, let us then send chosen
messengers, who may go to the tent of Achilles son of Peleus without delay. Let
those go whom I shall name. Let Phoenix, dear to Jove, lead the way; let Ajax and
Ulysses follow, and let the heralds Odius and Eurybates go with them. Now
bring water for our hands, and bid all keep silence while we pray to Jove the son
of Saturn, if so be that he may have mercy upon us.”
Thus did he speak, and his saying pleased them well. Men-servants poured
water over the hands of the guests, while pages filled the mixing-bowls with
wine and water, and handed it round after giving every man his drink-offering;
then, when they had made their offerings, and had drunk each as much as he
was minded, the envoys set out from the tent of Agamemnon son of Atreus; and
Nestor, looking first to one and then to another, but most especially at Ulysses,
was instant with them that they should prevail with the noble son of Peleus.%
They went their way by the shore of the sounding sea, and prayed earnestly
to earth-encircling Neptune that the high spirit of the son of Aeacus might incline
favourably towards them. When they reached the ships and tents of the
Myrmidons, they found Achilles playing on a lyre, fair, of cunning
workmanship, and its cross-bar was of silver. It was part of the spoils which he
had taken when he sacked the city of Eetion, and he was now diverting himself
with it and singing the feats of heroes. He was alone with Patroclus, who sat
opposite to him and said nothing, waiting till he should cease singing. Ulysses
and Ajax now came in—Ulysses leading the way—and stood before him.
Achilles sprang from his seat with the lyre still in his hand, and Patroclus, when
he saw the strangers, rose also. Achilles then greeted them saying, “All hail and
welcome—you must come upon some great matter, you, who for all my anger
are still dearest to me of the Achaeans.”
With this he led them forward, and bade them sit on seats covered with
purple rugs; then he said to Patroclus who was close by him, “Son of Menoetius,
set a larger bowl upon the table, mix less water with the wine, and give every
man his cup, for these are very dear friends, who are now under my roof.”

Korean
bowl: 사발, 나무공, 큰잔, 볼링경기, 호의적으로, 호의를 가지고. 유행되다, 잘 되다, 설득하다.
대접, 굴리다, 공기, 저울의 접시, hail: 싸락눈, 퍼붓다, 빗발치듯 shore: 육지, 지주, 해안, 육지로, 언덕,
투구, 십주희, 론 볼링. 쏟아지다, 이라 부르며맞이하다, 뭍, 나라, 떠받치다, 물가, 지주로
diverting: 기분 전환이 되는, 큰소리로 부르다, 인사, 환호, 의 받치다, 양륙하다.
재미있는, 즐거운, 심심풀이의, 출신이다, 인사하다, 우박, 싸라기눈. singing: 노래하기, 노래, 노래하는,
재미나는. mix: 섞다, 사귀게하다, 혼합하다, 지저귐, 귀울림, 노래부름, 명음.
drunk: 주정뱅이, 술취한, 취한, 혼란, 난투, 혼동하다, 혼합, 혼합물, sounding: 수심, 과장된, 측연선으로
술주정뱅이, 술좌석, 도취된. 혼합해서 만들다, 인스턴트 식품, 잴 수 있는곳, 거창하게 들리는,
earnestly: 진지하게, 진정으로, 섞이다. 소리를 내는, 울려 퍼지는, 측심,
진심으로, 열심히. pleased: 기뻐하는, 만족한. 조사, 측연이 미치는 측정 범위, 수심
favourably: 순조롭게, 유리하게, prevail: 이기다, 우세하다, 설복하다, 측량, 소리나는.
 Homer 121

Patroclus did as his comrade bade him; he set the chopping-block in front of
the fire, and on it he laid the loin of a sheep, the loin also of a goat, and the chine
of a fat hog. Automedon held the meat while Achilles chopped it; he then sliced
the pieces and put them on spits while the son of Menoetius made the fire burn
high. When the flame had died down, he spread the embers, laid the spits on top
of them, lifting them up and setting them upon the spit-racks; and he sprinkled
them with salt. When the meat was roasted, he set it on platters, and handed
bread round the table in fair baskets, while Achilles dealt them their portions.
Then Achilles took his seat facing Ulysses against the opposite wall, and bade his
comrade Patroclus offer sacrifice to the gods; so he cast the offerings into the fire,
and they laid their hands upon the good things that were before them. As soon
as they had had enough to eat and drink, Ajax made a sign to Phoenix, and when
he saw this, Ulysses filled his cup with wine and pledged Achilles.%
“Hail,” said he, “Achilles, we have had no scant of good cheer, neither in the
tent of Agamemnon, nor yet here; there has been plenty to eat and drink, but our
thought turns upon no such matter. Sir, we are in the face of great disaster, and
without your help know not whether we shall save our fleet or lose it. The
Trojans and their allies have camped hard by our ships and by the wall; they
have lit watchfires throughout their host and deem that nothing can now prevent
them from falling on our fleet. Jove, moreover, has sent his lightnings on their
right; Hector, in all his glory, rages like a maniac; confident that Jove is with him
he fears neither god nor man, but is gone raving mad, and prays for the
approach of day. He vows that he will hew the high sterns of our ships in pieces,
set fire to their hulls, and make havoc of the Achaeans while they are dazed and
smothered in smoke; I much fear that heaven will make good his boasting, and it
will prove our lot to perish at Troy far from our home in Argos. Up, then, and
late though it be, save the sons of the Achaeans who faint before the fury of the
Trojans. You will repent bitterly hereafter if you do not, for when the harm is
done there will be no curing it; consider ere it be too late, and save the Danaans
from destruction.

Korean
chine: 등뼈, 산등성이, 산마루, 좁고 hog: 돼지, 더러운 사람, 욕심쟁이, repent: 후회하다, 포복성의,
깊은 골짜기, 등심, 협곡, 의등뼈를 탐내어 제몫 이상으로 갖다, 자동차를 기어다니는, 뉘우치다, 유감으로
따라 찢다, 선율, 문 등의 차임, 탁상 함부로 몰다, 돼지같은 놈, 머리를 생각하다, 회개하다, 유감스럽게
시계 등의 차임, 돌출한 가장자리. 숙이고 등을 둥글게 하다, 자기의 생각하다.
chopped: 개조한. 배당 이상으로 차지하다, 중앙부가 salt: 소금, 소금에 절인, 식염, 식탁용
flame: 정열, 애인, 발끈하다, 광휘, 돼지 둥처럼 구부러지다, 짧게 깎다. 소금 그릇, 풍자, 기지, 자극, 흥미,
정열을 드러내다, 빛나다, 불길, maniac: 미친, 미친 사람, 미치광이, 염, 의 손님이 되다, 뱃사람.
훨훨타다, 화염, 불꽃, 태우다. 미친 광이, 광란의. scant: 인색한, 가까스로의, 모자라는,
handed: 손이 있는. raving: 굉장한, 헛소리, 광란, 대단한, 불충분한, 인색하게 굴다, 좀 부족한,
hew: 찍어 넘기다, 자르다, 잘라 대단히, 노호, 헛소리하는, 헛소리를 경시하다, 아껴서, 아까워하다,
만들다, 베어 만들다, 치다, 찍다. 하는, 미쳐날뛰는, 광란의, 광란하는. 부족한.
122 The Iliad

“My %good friend, when your father Peleus sent you from Phthia to
Agamemnon, did he not charge you saying, ‘Son, Minerva and Juno will make
you strong if they choose, but check your high temper, for the better part is in
goodwill. Eschew vain quarrelling, and the Achaeans old and young will respect
you more for doing so.’ These were his words, but you have forgotten them.
Even now, however, be appeased, and put away your anger from you.
Agamemnon will make you great amends if you will forgive him; listen, and I
will tell you what he has said in his tent that he will give you. He will give you
seven tripods that have never yet been on the fire, and ten talents of gold; twenty
iron cauldrons, and twelve strong horses that have won races and carried off
prizes. Rich indeed both in land and gold is he who has as many prizes as these
horses have won for Agamemnon. Moreover he will give you seven excellent
workwomen, Lesbians, whom he chose for himself, when you took Lesbos—all
of surpassing beauty. He will give you these, and with them her whom he
erewhile took from you, the daughter of Briseus, and he will swear a great oath,
he has never gone up into her couch nor been with her after the manner of men
and women. All these things will he give you now down, and if hereafter the
gods vouchsafe him to sack the city of Priam, you can come when we Achaeans
are dividing the spoil, and load your ship with gold and bronze to your liking.
You can take twenty Trojan women, the loveliest after Helen herself. Then, when
we reach Achaean Argos, wealthiest of all lands, you shall be his son-in-law, and
he will show you like honour with his own dear son Orestes, who is being
nurtured in all abundance. Agamemnon has three daughters, Chrysothemis,
Laodice, and Iphianassa; you may take the one of your choice, freely and without
gifts of wooing, to the house of Peleus; he will add such dower to boot as no man
ever yet gave his daughter, and will give you seven well-established cities,
Cardamyle, Enope, and Hire where there is grass; holy Pheras and the rich
meadows of Anthea; Aepea also, and the vine-clad slopes of Pedasus, all near the
sea, and on the borders of sandy Pylos. The men that dwell there are rich in cattle
and sheep; they will honour you with gifts as though were a god, and be
obedient to your comfortable ordinances. All this will he do if you will now
forgo your anger. Moreover, though you hate both him and his gifts with all

Korean
appeased: 풀어주는, 양보하는, 빚을탕감하다, 빚을 탕감하다, 몹시 싫어하다, 따돌리다, 증오의
달래는. 면제하다, 삭히다, 관대히 봐주다. 대상, 미움.
beauty: 아름다움, 미, 아름다운 것, forgotten: 망각된. iron: 냉혹한, 철, 에 수갑을 채우다,
미인, 터무니 없는 것, 좋은 점, gold: 금, 금의, 금도금, 부, 황금, 쇠의, 쇠, 다리미, 쇠로 덮어 싸다,
아름다운 동물, 미관, 아름다운것, 금으로 만든, 금빛, 금화, 금제품, 철제 기구, 철제의, 수갑, 장갑하다.
미점, 미인들. 과녁의 한복판, 금색. temper: 기분, 기질, 침착, 평정, 굳기,
comfortable: 안락한, 이불, 기분이 grass: 풀, 잔디, 봄, 목초, 풀 위에 되불림, 알맞은 조합정도, 적당한
좋은, 마음 편한, 목도리, 기분좋은, 펴다, 풀 돋는 계절, 포아풀과의 풀, 정도, 반죽하다, 부드러워지다,
마음편한, 충분한. 목초지, 풀로 덫다, 때려 눕히다, 되불리다.
eschew: 피하다. 목초를 먹이다. well-established: 정착된, 확립된,
forgive: 용서하다, 삭치다, hate: 미워하다, 증오, 좋아하지 않다, 기초가 튼튼한.
 Homer 123

your%heart, yet pity the rest of the Achaeans who are being harassed in all their
host; they will honour you as a god, and you will earn great glory at their hands.
You might even kill Hector; he will come within your reach, for he is infatuated,
and declares that not a Danaan whom the ships have brought can hold his own
against him.”
Achilles answered, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, I should give you formal
notice plainly and in all fixity of purpose that there be no more of this cajoling,
from whatsoever quarter it may come. Him do I hate even as the gates of hell
who says one thing while he hides another in his heart; therefore I will say what I
mean. I will be appeased neither by Agamemnon son of Atreus nor by any other
of the Danaans, for I see that I have no thanks for all my fighting. He that fights
fares no better than he that does not; coward and hero are held in equal honour,
and death deals like measure to him who works and him who is idle. I have
taken nothing by all my hardships—with my life ever in my hand; as a bird
when she has found a morsel takes it to her nestlings, and herself fares hardly,
even so many a long night have I been wakeful, and many a bloody battle have I
waged by day against those who were fighting for their women. With my ships I
have taken twelve cities, and eleven round about Troy have I stormed with my
men by land; I took great store of wealth from every one of them, but I gave all
up to Agamemnon son of Atreus. He stayed where he was by his ships, yet of
what came to him he gave little, and kept much himself.
“Nevertheless he did distribute some meeds of honour among the chieftains
and kings, and these have them still; from me alone of the Achaeans did he take
the woman in whom I delighted—let him keep her and sleep with her. Why,
pray, must the Argives needs fight the Trojans? What made the son of Atreus
gather the host and bring them? Was it not for the sake of Helen? Are the sons of
Atreus the only men in the world who love their wives? Any man of common
right feeling will love and cherish her who is his own, as I this woman, with my
whole heart, though she was but a fruitling of my spear. Agamemnon has taken
her from me; he has played me false; I know him; let him tempt me no further,
for he shall not move me. Let him look to you, Ulysses, and to the other princes

Korean
bird: 새, 엽조, 비행기-들새를 earn: 벌다, 감사 따위를 받을 만하다, 않고 있는, 쓸모 없는, 무용의, 까닭
관찰하다, 야유, 녀석, 새를 잡다, 받다, 손에넣다, 얻다, 차지하다, 없는, 태만한, 쉬고 있는, 놀고
조롱하는 소리, 미사일, 형기, 사람, 일하여 얻다, 일하여얻다, 수입을 보내다, 공전하다, 게으름 피우다.
빈정거리는 소리. 낳다, 받을 만하다, 획득하다. infatuated: 미친, 얼빠진, 홀린,
cherish: 품다, 귀여워하다, 소중히 fixity: 고정물, 불변성, 영구성, 정착, 열중한, 흘린, 흘림.
하다, 소중히 키우다, 소중히 기르다, 부동, 정착물. morsel: 소량, 한조각, 한입, 한 입,
고이 간직하다. harassed: 성가신 듯한, 초조한, 매우 음식물의 한 입.
distribute: 분배하다, 분류하다, 지친몹시 시달린. sake: 목적, 위함, 이유, 제발, 을 위함.
분포하다, 확충하다, 주연하다, hell: 지옥, 마굴, 지옥과 같은 장소, whatsoever: 일은 무엇이든지, 도대체
배급하다, 확충시키다, 살포하다, 빌어먹을, 이세상의 지옥, 저승. 무엇이, 것은 무엇이든지.
주연시키다, 해판하다. idle: 한가한, 일이 없는, 활용되지 works: 공장.
124 The Iliad

to%save his ships from burning. He has done much without me already. He has
built a wall; he has dug a trench deep and wide all round it, and he has planted it
within with stakes; but even so he stays not the murderous might of Hector. So
long as I fought the Achaeans Hector suffered not the battle range far from the
city walls; he would come to the Scaean gates and to the oak tree, but no further.
Once he stayed to meet me and hardly did he escape my onset: now, however,
since I am in no mood to fight him, I will to-morrow offer sacrifice to Jove and to
all the gods; I will draw my ships into the water and then victual them duly; to-
morrow morning, if you care to look, you will see my ships on the Hellespont,
and my men rowing out to sea with might and main. If great Neptune
vouchsafes me a fair passage, in three days I shall be in Phthia. I have much there
that I left behind me when I came here to my sorrow, and I shall bring back still
further store of gold, of red copper, of fair women, and of iron, my share of the
spoils that we have taken; but one prize, he who gave has insolently taken away.
Tell him all as I now bid you, and tell him in public that the Achaeans may hate
him and beware of him should he think that he can yet dupe others for his
effrontery never fails him.
“As for me, hound that he is, he dares not look me in the face. I will take no
counsel with him, and will undertake nothing in common with him. He has
wronged me and deceived me enough, he shall not cozen me further; let him go
his own way, for Jove has robbed him of his reason. I loathe his presents, and for
himself care not one straw. He may offer me ten or even twenty times what he
has now done, nay—not though it be all that he has in the world, both now or
ever shall have; he may promise me the wealth of Orchomenus or of Egyptian
Thebes, which is the richest city in the whole world, for it has a hundred gates
through each of which two hundred men may drive at once with their chariots
and horses; he may offer me gifts as the sands of the sea or the dust of the plain
in multitude, but even so he shall not move me till I have been revenged in full
for the bitter wrong he has done me. I will not marry his daughter; she may be
fair as Venus, and skilful as Minerva, but I will have none of her: let another take
her, who may be a good match for her and who rules a larger kingdom. If the
gods spare me to return home, Peleus will find me a wife; there are Achaean
Korean
beware: 주의하다, 조심하다. 속는 사람. 하찮은 물건, 짚한 오라기, 짚으로
bitter: 쓴, 모진, 격심한, 비참한, 쓴맛, effrontery: 뻔뻔스러움, 뻔뻔스런 만든, 스트로, 밀짚모자, 하찮은 것,
가엾은, 쓴맥주, 모진-쓴맛, 씁, 행위. 짚으로 만든 것.
격렬한, 쓰라린. insolently: 무례한, 안하무인의. twenty: 스물.
copper: 구리, 구리빛의, 동, 동전, loathe: 몹시 싫어하다, 싫은. undertake: 약속하다, 떠맡다,
주홍부전나비속의 나비, 순경, 동화, marry: 굳게 결합시키다, 와 결혼하다, 보증하다, 인수인, 인수하다,
동산주, 취사용 보일러, 구리의, 결혼시키다, 결혼하다, 꼬아 합치다, 기도하다, 청부인, 장의사, 맡다,
구리빛. 밧줄 따위를 꼬아 합치다, 시집가다, 싸우다, 장례식을 떠맡다.
cozen: 속이다. 의 결혼식을 거행하다. victual: 식량을 공급하다, 식료품,
deceived: 사기하는. rowing: 로잉, 배젓기, 저정용의, 조정. 식료품을 공급하다, 식료품을
dupe: 속이다, 속기 쉬운 사람, 잘 straw: 짚, 밀짚, 가짜의, 하찮은, 사들이다, 음식물, 음식을 먹다.
 Homer 125

women in Hellas and Phthia, daughters of kings that have cities under them; of
these I can take whom I will and marry her. Many a time was I minded when at
home in Phthia to woo and wed a woman who would make me a suitable wife,
and to enjoy the riches of my old father Peleus. My life is more to me than all the
wealth of Ilius while it was yet at peace before the Achaeans went there, or than
all the treasure that lies on the stone floor of Apollo’s temple beneath the cliffs of
Pytho. Cattle and sheep are to be had for harrying, and a man buy both tripods
and horses if he wants them, but when his life has once left him it can neither be
bought nor harried back again.%
“My mother Thetis tells me that there are two ways in which I may meet my
end. If I stay here and fight, I shall not return alive but my name will live for
ever: whereas if I go home my name will die, but it will be long ere death shall
take me. To the rest of you, then, I say, ‘Go home, for you will not take Ilius.’ Jove
has held his hand over her to protect her, and her people have taken heart. Go,
therefore, as in duty bound, and tell the princes of the Achaeans the message
that I have sent them; tell them to find some other plan for the saving of their
ships and people, for so long as my displeasure lasts the one that they have now
hit upon may not be. As for Phoenix, let him sleep here that he may sail with me
in the morning if he so will. But I will not take him by force.”
They all held their peace, dismayed at the sternness with which he had
denied them, till presently the old knight Phoenix in his great fear for the ships of
the Achaeans, burst into tears and said, “Noble Achilles, if you are now minded
to return, and in the fierceness of your anger will do nothing to save the ships
from burning, how, my son, can I remain here without you? Your father Peleus
bade me go with you when he sent you as a mere lad from Phthia to
Agamemnon. You knew nothing neither of war nor of the arts whereby men
make their mark in council, and he sent me with you to train you in all
excellence of speech and action. Therefore, my son, I will not stay here without
you—no, not though heaven itself vouchsafe to strip my years from off me, and
make me young as I was when I first left Hellas the land of fair women. I was
then flying the anger of father Amyntor, son of Ormenus, who was furious with

Korean
beneath: 아래쪽에, 가치조차 없는, excellence: 장점, 우수, 미점, 탁월.
못하여, 어울리지 않는, 바로 아래에, lad: 젊은이, 소년, 남자, 녀석,
의 바로 밑에, 아래에, 아래서, 바로 일반적으로 남자.
아래쪽에, 할 가치 없는, 땅 속에. protect: 보호하다, 막다, 지키다,
bound: 범위, 경계, 행의, 열중하여, 어음의 지불 준비를 하다, 국내
되튀다, 뜀, 밀접한 관계에, 한계, 에 산업을 보호하다, 기계에 보호 장치를
가려고, 결심을 한, 확실한. 달다, 기계에 보호 장치를 시설하다,
burst: 파열하다, 돌발, 별안간 보호 장치를 달다, 지불 준비를 하다,
나타나다, 터지다, 폭발, 충만하다, 보호 장치를 시설하다.
찢다, 집중 사격, 파열시키다, 파열, sternness: 단호함, 준엄함, 엄숙함,
잡아 찢다. 냉혹, 황량함, 엄함, 엄격함.
suitable: 적당한, 어울리는.
wed: 와 결혼하다, 결합하다,
결혼하다, 단단히 결부시키다,
결혼시키다, 결부되다.
whereas: 그런데, 그러나, 을
고려하면, 이에 반하여, 인 까닭에,
이므로, 에 반하여.
woo: 구혼하다, 추구하다, 조르다,
얻으려고 노력하다, 간청하다,
구애하다.
126 The Iliad

me%in the matter of his concubine, of whom he was enamoured to the wronging
of his wife my mother. My mother, therefore, prayed me without ceasing to lie
with the woman myself, that so she hate my father, and in the course of time I
yielded. But my father soon came to know, and cursed me bitterly, calling the
dread Erinyes to witness. He prayed that no son of mine might ever sit upon
knees—and the gods, Jove of the world below and awful Proserpine, fulfilled his
curse. I took counsel to kill him, but some god stayed my rashness and bade me
think on men’s evil tongues and how I should be branded as the murderer of my
father; nevertheless I could not bear to stay in my father’s house with him so
bitter a against me. My cousins and clansmen came about me, and pressed me
sorely to remain; many a sheep and many an ox did they slaughter, and many a
fat hog did they set down to roast before the fire; many a jar, too, did they
broach of my father’s wine. Nine whole nights did they set a guard over me
taking it in turns to watch, and they kept a fire always burning, both in the
cloister of the outer court and in the inner court at the doors of the room wherein
I lay; but when the darkness of the tenth night came, I broke through the closed
doors of my room, and climbed the wall of the outer court after passing quickly
and unperceived through the men on guard and the women servants. I then fled
through Hellas till I came to fertile Phthia, mother of sheep, and to King Peleus,
who made me welcome and treated me as a father treats an only son who will be
heir to all his wealth. He made me rich and set me over much people,
establishing me on the borders of Phthia where I was chief ruler over the
Dolopians.
“It was I, Achilles, who had the making of you; I loved you with all my heart:
for you would eat neither at home nor when you had gone out elsewhere, till I
had first set you upon my knees, cut up the dainty morsel that you were to eat,
and held the wine-cup to your lips. Many a time have you slobbered your wine
in baby helplessness over my shirt; I had infinite trouble with you, but I knew
that heaven had vouchsafed me no offspring of my own, and I made a son of
you, Achilles, that in my hour of need you might protect me. Now, therefore, I
say battle with your pride and beat it; cherish not your anger for ever; the might
and majesty of heaven are more than ours, but even heaven may be appeased;
Korean
broach: 꼬챙이, 꺼내다, 꼬치, 내리다, 저주의 말, 파문, 괴롭히다, jar: 충돌, 삐걱거리는 소리, 거슬리다,
공표하다, 송곳, 입을 열다, 꼬챙이에 독설. 진동하다, 단지, 갈리다, 항아리,
꾀다, 고기 굽는 꼬챙이, 교회의첨탑, cursed: 저주할, 심술궂은, 저주스러움, 충격, 아가리 넓은 병, 싸움, 신경에
말을 처음 꺼내다, 첨탑. 심술통, 지겨운, 심사 사나운, 거슬리는 것.
cloister: 수도원, 회랑, 수도원에 저부받은, 천벌받은, 지긋지긋한, majesty: 주권, 폐하, 위엄, 장엄.
가두다, 들어 박히다, 조용하고 가증스러운, 저주 받은. murderer: 살인자, 모살자.
외진곳, 은둔처, 은둔생활, 수녀원, dainty: 우아한, 품위 있는, 성미가 nights: 밤마다, 밤에.
수도원 생활, 복도, 조용하고 외진 곳. 까다로운, 맛좋은, 진미, 맛좋은- ox: 수소, 소.
concubine: 첩, 내연의 처, 처. 짐미, 우미한, 까다로운, 맛있는 것. rashness: 무모, 분별, 무모함.
curse: 저주하다, 월경, 저주, 재앙, heir: 후계자, 계승자, 사자, 상속인, unperceived: 눈치채지 않은, 눈치
파문하다, 욕지거리하다, 천벌을 후계하다, 남자 상속인. 채이지 않은.
 Homer 127

and%if a man has sinned he prays the gods, and reconciles them to himself by his
piteous cries and by frankincense, with drink-offerings and the savour of burnt
sacrifice. For prayers are as daughters to great Jove; halt, wrinkled, with eyes
askance, they follow in the footsteps of sin, who, being fierce and fleet of foot,
leaves them far behind him, and ever baneful to mankind outstrips them even to
the ends of the world; but nevertheless the prayers come hobbling and healing
after. If a man has pity upon these daughters of Jove when they draw near him,
they will bless him and hear him too when he is praying; but if he deny them
and will not listen to them, they go to Jove the son of Saturn and pray that he
may presently fall into sin—to his ruing bitterly hereafter. Therefore, Achilles,
give these daughters of Jove due reverence, and bow before them as all good
men will bow. Were not the son of Atreus offering you gifts and promising
others later—if he were still furious and implacable—I am not he that would bid
you throw off your anger and help the Achaeans, no matter how great their
need; but he is giving much now, and more hereafter; he has sent his captains to
urge his suit, and has chosen those who of all the Argives are most acceptable to
you; make not then their words and their coming to be of none effect. Your anger
has been righteous so far. We have heard in song how heroes of old time
quarrelled when they were roused to fury, but still they could be won by gifts,
and fair words could soothe them.
“I have an old story in my mind—a very old one—but you are all friends and
I will tell it. The Curetes and the Aetolians were fighting and killing one another
round Calydon—the Aetolians defending the city and the Curetes trying to
destroy it. For Diana of the golden throne was angry and did them hurt because
Oeneus had not offered her his harvest first-fruits. The other gods had all been
feasted with hecatombs, but to the daughter of great Jove alone he had made no
sacrifice. He had forgotten her, or somehow or other it had escaped him, and this
was a grievous sin. Thereon the archer goddess in her displeasure sent a
prodigious creature against him—a savage wild boar with great white tusks that
did much harm to his orchard lands, uprooting apple-trees in full bloom and
throwing them to the ground. But Meleager son of Oeneus got huntsmen and
hounds from many cities and killed it—for it was so monstrous that not a few
Korean
baneful: 해로운, 유독한, 유독성의, grievous: 슬픈, 비통한, 괴로운, 수확물, 수확기의, 수확물의.
유해한, 유해성의. 쓰라린, 심한, 애처로운, 괴롭게 하는, orchard: 과수원, 과수원의 전체 과수.
bless: 찬미하다, 정화하다, 수호하다, 한탄할 만한. piteous: 애처로운, 불쌍한.
은총을 내리다, 신성케 하다, halt: 망설이다, 정지, 정지시키다, righteous: 공정한, 당연한, 바른,
찬양하다, 축복하다, 신을 찬양하다, 정류소, 다리를 절다, 불완전하다, 정당한, 고결한, 정의의, 정직한,
신을 하다, 은혜를 베풀다, 저주하다. 휴지시키다, 절름발이, 서, 멈추다, 바른사람, 지당한, 올바른, 올바르다.
burnt: 불에 덴, 탄. 간이역. throw: 던지다, 움직이다, 흔들어
deny: 부정하다, 면회를 거절하다, harm: 해, 손해, 된서리 맞다, 해악, 떨어뜨리다, 스카프, 던지기, 갑자기
거절하다, 부인하다. 손상, 상해, 해치다. 움직이다, 빠뜨리다, 얹히게 하다,
escaped: 도망한, 탈주한. harvest: 수확, 수확기, 수확하다, 추수, 분리, 가벼운 두르개, 행정.
frankincense: 유향. 결과, 보수, 거두어 들임, 소득, wrinkled: 주름진, 주름살지는.
128 The Iliad

were needed, and many a man did it stretch upon his funeral pyre. On this the
goddess set the Curetes and the Aetolians fighting furiously about the head and
skin of the boar.%
“So long as Meleager was in the field things went badly with the Curetes, and
for all their numbers they could not hold their ground under the city walls; but
in the course of time Meleager was angered as even a wise man will sometimes
be. He was incensed with his mother Althaea, and therefore stayed at home with
his wedded wife fair Cleopatra, who was daughter of Marpessa daughter of
Euenus, and of Ides the man then living. He it was who took his bow and faced
King Apollo himself for fair Marpessa’s sake; her father and mother then named
her Alcyone, because her mother had mourned with the plaintive strains of the
halcyon-bird when Phoebus Apollo had carried her off. Meleager, then, stayed at
home with Cleopatra, nursing the anger which he felt by reason of his mother’s
curses. His mother, grieving for the death of her brother, prayed the gods, and
beat the earth with her hands, calling upon Hades and on awful Proserpine; she
went down upon her knees and her bosom was wet with tears as she prayed that
they would kill her son—and Erinys that walks in darkness and knows no ruth
heard her from Erebus.
“Then was heard the din of battle about the gates of Calydon, and the dull
thump of the battering against their walls. Thereon the elders of the Aetolians
besought Meleager; they sent the chiefest of their priests, and begged him to
come out and help them, promising him a great reward. They bade him choose
fifty plough-gates, the most fertile in the plain of Calydon, the one-half vineyard
and the other open plough-land. The old warrior Oeneus implored him, standing
at the threshold of his room and beating the doors in supplication. His sisters
and his mother herself besought him sore, but he the more refused them; those of
his comrades who were nearest and dearest to him also prayed him, but they
could not move him till the foe was battering at the very doors of his chamber,
and the Curetes had scaled the walls and were setting fire to the city. Then at last
his sorrowing wife detailed the horrors that befall those whose city is taken; she
reminded him how the men are slain, and the city is given over to the flames,

Korean
beating: 고동, 때림, 날개치기, 타파, 또렷하지 않은, 또렷하지않은, 손발을 뻗다, 긴장.
매질, 박정한 대우, 구타, 맥박, 패배, 지루한-무디게하다, 무디게하다. supplication: 기원, 탄원, 간청.
채찍질의 처벌, 지게 하기. funeral: 장례식의, 장례행렬, 장례식, thump: 심하게 때리다, 두근 거리다,
befall: 일어나다, 재난이 닥치다, 장례의, 싫은 일. 탁 부딪치다, 탁하고 떨어지다,
닥치다, 생기다. plaintive: 애처로운, 슬픈, 슬픈 듯한. 강력히 변호하다, 강력히 선전하다,
chamber: 약실, 방, 소실, 침실, 변호사 reward: 보답하다, 보수, 보수를 주다, 강력히 지지하다, 두근거리다,
사무실, 의원, 의회, 회의장, 회의실, 벌, 현상금, 사례금, 보상하다, 보상, 쿵쿵거리며 걷다, 때림, 탁하고 치다.
회의소, 회관. 이익, 보복하다, 응보. wise: 방법, 알리다, 현명한, 정도,
detailed: 상세한. stretch: 기지개를 켜다, 펴다, 뻗다, 영리해 보이는, 분별있는, 슬기로운,
dull: 둔한, 무딘, 둔감한, 흐리게하다, 펴지다, 펼치다, 뻗치다, 억지로 갖다 슬기롭다, 양식, 학문이 있는, 알고
누그러뜨리다, 지루한, 둔해지다, 붙이다, 잡아당기다, 에 미치다, 있는.
 Homer 129

while the women and children are carried into captivity; when he heard all this,
his heart was touched, and he donned his armour to go forth. Thus of his own
inward motion he saved the city of the Aetolians; but they now gave him
nothing of those rich rewards that they had offered earlier, and though he saved
the city he took nothing by it. Be not then, my son, thus minded; let not heaven
lure you into any such course. When the ships are burning it will be a harder
matter to save them. Take the gifts, and go, for the Achaeans will then honour
you as a god; whereas if you fight without taking them, you may beat the battle
back, but you will not be held in like honour.”%
And Achilles answered, “Phoenix, old friend and father, I have no need of
such honour. I have honour from Jove himself, which will abide with me at my
ships while I have breath in my body, and my limbs are strong. I say further—
and lay my saying to your heart—vex me no more with this weeping and
lamentation, all in the cause of the son of Atreus. Love him so well, and you may
lose the love I bear you. You ought to help me rather in troubling those that
trouble me; be king as much as I am, and share like honour with myself; the
others shall take my answer; stay here yourself and sleep comfortably in your
bed; at daybreak we will consider whether to remain or go.”
On this she nodded quietly to Patroclus as a sign that he was to prepare a
bed for Phoenix, and that the others should take their leave. Ajax son of Telamon
then said, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, let us be gone, for I see that our journey
is vain. We must now take our answer, unwelcome though it be, to the Danaans
who are waiting to receive it. Achilles is savage and remorseless; he is cruel, and
cares nothing for the love his comrades lavished upon him more than on all the
others. He is implacable—and yet if a man’s brother or son has been slain he will
accept a fine by way of amends from him that killed him, and the wrong-doer
having paid in full remains in peace among his own people; but as for you,
Achilles, the gods have put a wicked unforgiving spirit in your heart, and this,
all about one single girl, whereas we now offer you the seven best we have, and
much else into the bargain. Be then of a more gracious mind, respect the
hospitality of your own roof. We are with you as messengers from the host of

comfortably: 기분좋게, 안락하게,
부족함이 없이.
gracious: 상냥한, 친절한, 정중한,
우아한, 기품 있는, 자비로운, 관대한,
존귀한, 품위있는, 우미한, 유익한.
hospitality: 환대, 후대, 친절한 대접,
친절히 대접하기.
lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야
애가.
lure: 매력, 유혹, 미끼, 유혹하다,
불러들이다, 미끼새, 매를
Korean
불러들이다, 매혹. 이다, 꼭대기, 보호하다, 위턱,
motion: 움직임, 동작, 신청, 몸짓, 지붕모양의 물건, 지붕으로덮다,
움직이지 않는, 의회 등에서의 동의, 지붕을 해 덮다, 차의지붕.
정지한, 동의, 제의, 운동, 운전. touched: 감동한, 머리가 약간 돈,
quietly: 조용히, 수수하게, 얌전하게, 감동된, 조금 미친, 조금미친.
평온하게, 살짝, 침착하게. unforgiving: 앙심 먹은, 용서 없는,
remains: 나머지, 유해. 용서없는, 용서치 않는, 용서하지
remorseless: 무자비한, 뉘우치지 않는, 집념이 강한.
않는, 무정한, 잔인한, 가차 없는, unwelcome: 싫은, 달갑지 않은,
냉혹한, 후회없는. 환영받지 못하는, 환영받지 못 하는,
roof: 지붕, 집, 최고부, 에 지붕을 반갑지 않은, 환 영받지 못하는.
130 The Iliad

the%Danaans, and would fain he held nearest and dearest to yourself of all the
Achaeans.”
“Ajax,” replied Achilles, “noble son of Telamon, you have spoken much to
my liking, but my blood boils when I think it all over, and remember how the
son of Atreus treated me with contumely as though I were some vile tramp, and
that too in the presence of the Argives. Go, then, and deliver your message; say
that I will have no concern with fighting till Hector, son of noble Priam, reaches
the tents of the Myrmidons in his murderous course, and flings fire upon their
ships. For all his lust of battle, I take it he will be held in check when he is at my
own tent and ship.”
On this they took every man his double cup, made their drink-offerings, and
went back to the ships, Ulysses leading the way. But Patroclus told his men and
the maid-servants to make ready a comfortable bed for Phoenix; they therefore
did so with sheepskins, a rug, and a sheet of fine linen. The old man then laid
himself down and waited till morning came. But Achilles slept in an inner room,
and beside him the daughter of Phorbas lovely Diomede, whom he had carried
off from Lesbos. Patroclus lay on the other side of the room, and with him fair
Iphis whom Achilles had given him when he took Scyros the city of Enyeus.
When the envoys reached the tents of the son of Atreus, the Achaeans rose,
pledged them in cups of gold, and began to question them. King Agamemnon
was the first to do so. “Tell me, Ulysses,” said he, “will he save the ships from
burning, or did be refuse, and is he still furious?”
Ulysses answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon,
Achilles will not be calmed, but is more fiercely angry than ever, and spurns both
you and your gifts. He bids you take counsel with the Achaeans to save the ships
and host as you best may; as for himself, he said that at daybreak he should draw
his ships into the water. He said further that he should advise every one to sail
home likewise, for that you will not reach the goal of Ilius. ‘Jove,’ he said, ‘has
laid his hand over the city to protect it, and the people have taken heart.’ This is
what he said, and the others who were with me can tell you the same story—
Ajax and the two heralds, men, both of them, who may be trusted. The old man

Korean
beside: 비교하여, 벗어나서, 떨어져서, 일을겸하다, 달리다, 표리가 있는, 퇴짜놓다, 지질한, 찌끼, 멈춰서다, 안
곁에, 빗나가서, 와 비교하여, 외에, 겹치다, 거짓의, 이중으로, 뛰어넘으려 하다.
을 벗어나서, 의 곁에, 의 곁에서. 표리가있는, 급회전. rug: 깔개, 양탄자, 무릎덮개, 융단,
contumely: 모욕, 오만 불손, 오만, fair: 깨끗한, 아름다운, 순조로운, 갠, 까는 모피, 무릎 덮개, 바닥의 깔개.
무례. 정중한, 금발의, 여성, 장애물이 없는, sheet: 시트, 돛, 얇은 판, 시트감, 판금,
deliver: 배달하다, 구해내다, 연설을 유망한, 품평회, 철저한. 판자틀, 돛의 아딧줄, 편지, 한 장,
하다, 넘겨주다, 석방을 하다, inner: 내부의, 안의, 정신의, 영적인, 홑이불, 펴진면.
분만하다, 후보자을 위하여 표를 밥통, 비밀의, 위, 영혼, 안쪽의, vile: 지독한, 빈약한, 야비한,
모으다, 분만시키다, 넘겨 주다, 과녁의 내권내권 명중, 식욕. 부도덕한, 대단히 나쁜, 하찮은,
가하다, 해방시키다. refuse: 폐물, 거절하다, 쓰레기, 변변찮은, 상스러운, 비열한, 몹시
double: 접다, 모호한, 쌍의, 사퇴하다, 폐물의, 인간 폐물, 나쁜, 비참한.
 Homer 131

Phoenix stayed where he was to sleep, for so Achilles would have it, that he
might go home with him in the morning if he so would; but he will not take him
by force.”%
They all held their peace, sitting for a long time silent and dejected, by
reason of the sternness with which Achilles had refused them, till presently
Diomed said, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, you ought
not to have sued the son of Peleus nor offered him gifts. He is proud enough as it
is, and you have encouraged him in his pride still further. Let him stay or go as
he will. He will fight later when he is in the humour, and heaven puts it in his
mind to do so. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; we have eaten and drunk our
fill, let us then take our rest, for in rest there is both strength and stay. But when
fair rosy-fingered morn appears, forthwith bring out your host and your
horsemen in front of the ships, urging them on, and yourself fighting among the
foremost.”
Thus he spoke, and the other chieftains approved his words. They then made
their drink-offerings and went every man to his own tent, where they laid down
to rest and enjoyed the boon of sleep.

Korean
approved: 인가된, 입증된, 승인된, 하여야 한다, 지고 있다, 의무를 지고 마비되다, 묵다, 잠듦, 마비, 이성과
공인의, 공인된, 정평있는. 있다, 을 지불할 의무가 있다, 을 자다, 헤프다.
dejected: 기운 없는, 낙담한, 낙심한. 반제할 의무가 있다, 일 것이다. stay: 지주, 연기하다, 견디다,
front: 전선, 태도, 표면, 싸움터, 전면, peace: 평화, 강화, 안심, 사이좋게, 머무르다, 기다리다, 지속하다,
용모, 을 향하다, 정면의, 앞쪽, 으로, 조용히, 친안, 평온한, 평화로운, 인체로 있다, 억제, 묵다, 체제하다,
앞면에 붙이다. 치안, 평온, 조용함. 버팀줄.
humour: 기분, 해학, 유우머, 익살, 액, sitting: 착석, 개정, 회가, 한차례일, strength: 힘, 저항력, 강도, 병력, 농도,
변덕 비위를 맞추다, 기질, 잘 다루다, 알을 품고 있는, 알 품기, 개회, 효력, 강하기, 의지, 힘이 되는 것, 을
만족시키다. 거주중인, 사진의 모델이 됨, 앉은, 의지하여, 강점.
ought: 영, 하기로 되어있다, 해야만 일하며 앉아 있는 기간. yourself: 당신 자신, 정상적인 당신,
한다, 하기로 되어 있다, 빚이 있다, sleep: 자다, 영면, 수면, 정지, 동면, 평소의 당신.
132 The Iliad

BOOK X

Now%the other princes of the Achaeans slept soundly the whole night
through, but Agamemnon son of Atreus was troubled, so that he could get no
rest. As when fair Juno’s lord flashes his lightning in token of great rain or hail or
snow when the snow-flakes whiten the ground, or again as a sign that he will
open the wide jaws of hungry war, even so did Agamemnon heave many a
heavy sigh, for his soul trembled within him. When he looked upon the plain of
Troy he marvelled at the many watchfires burning in front of Ilius, and at the
sound of pipes and flutes and of the hum of men, but when presently he turned
towards the ships and hosts of the Achaeans, he tore his hair by handfuls before
Jove on high, and groaned aloud for the very disquietness of his soul. In the end
he deemed it best to go at once to Nestor son of Neleus, and see if between them
they could find any way of the Achaeans from destruction. He therefore rose, put
on his shirt, bound his sandals about his comely feet, flung the skin of a huge
tawny lion over his shoulders—a skin that reached his feet—and took his spear
in his hand.
Neither could Menelaus sleep, for he, too, boded ill for the Argives who for
his sake had sailed from far over the seas to fight the Trojans. He covered his
broad back with the skin of a spotted panther, put a casque of bronze upon his
head, and took his spear in his brawny hand. Then he went to rouse his brother,
who was by far the most powerful of the Achaeans, and was honoured by the
Korean
broad: 넓은, 광대한, 넓은 뜻의-넓은 높아지다, 수평 전위. snow: 눈, 순백, 백발, 코카인 가루,
곳, 호수, 마음이 넓은, 대강의, hum: 콧노래를 부르다, 우물우물 적설, 백발로 하다, 눈이 내리다,
밝은.대강의, 밝은, 음란한, 가득찬, 말하다, 윙울리다, 윙윙하다, 경기가 눈으로 파묻히게하다, 눈같이 뿌리다,
단번에 알 수 있는. 좋다, 나쁜 냄새가 나다, 입속에서 겨울, 설백.
casque: 투구. 우물거리다, 윙윙거리다. soul: 영혼, 정수, 정신, 확실히, 기백,
covered: 덮개를 씌운, 뚜껑을 한, hungry: 갈망하는, 배고픈, 공복의, 단연코, 열정, 화신, 사람, 흑인이
모자를 쓴, 엄호물이 있는, 지붕이 굶주린, 메마른, 몹시 원하는, 불모의, 전하는 강렬한 느낌, 흑인 본래의.
있는, 차폐한, 감춰진. 식욕을 일으키는. spotted: 반점이 있는, 얼룩덜룩한,
heave: 오르다, 토하다, 천식, 들어 neither: 도 않고, 그것은 관계없는 손상당한, 흠이 있는, 더럽혀진,
올리다, 들어서 던져 넣다, 융기, 일이다, 도 아니고, 또한 ...도 않다. 오점이 있는, 티가 있는.
움직이다, 부풀리다, 들리다, pipes: 기관. tawny: 황갈색, 황갈색의.
 Homer 133

people as though he were a god. He found him by the stern of his ship already
putting his goodly array about his shoulders, and right glad was he that his
brother had come.%
Menelaus spoke first. “Why,” said he, “my dear brother, are you thus
arming? Are you going to send any of our comrades to exploit the Trojans? I
greatly fear that no one will do you this service, and spy upon the enemy alone
in the dead of night. It will be a deed of great daring.”
And King Agamemnon answered, “Menelaus, we both of us need shrewd
counsel to save the Argives and our ships, for Jove has changed his mind, and
inclines towards Hector’s sacrifices rather than ours. I never saw nor heard tell of
any man as having wrought such ruin in one day as Hector has now wrought
against the sons of the Achaeans—and that too of his own unaided self, for he is
son neither to god nor goddess. The Argives will rue it long and deeply. Run,
therefore, with all speed by the line of the ships, and call Ajax and Idomeneus.
Meanwhile I will go to Nestor, and bid him rise and go about among the
companies of our sentinels to give them their instructions; they will listen to him
sooner than to any man, for his own son, and Meriones brother in arms to
Idomeneus, are captains over them. It was to them more particularly that we
gave this charge.”
Menelaus replied, “How do I take your meaning? Am I to stay with them and
wait your coming, or shall I return here as soon as I have given your orders?”
“Wait,” answered King Agamemnon, “for there are so many paths about the
camp that we might miss one another. Call every man on your way, and bid him
be stirring; name him by his lineage and by his father’s name, give each all
titular observance, and stand not too much upon your own dignity; we must
take our full share of toil, for at our birth Jove laid this heavy burden upon us.”
With these instructions he sent his brother on his way, and went on to Nestor
shepherd of his people. He found him sleeping in his tent hard by his own ship;
his goodly armour lay beside him—his shield, his two spears and his helmet;
beside him also lay the gleaming girdle with which the old man girded himself
when he armed to lead his people into battle—for his age stayed him not. He

Korean
birth: 탄생, 태어난 것, 출산, 출생, exploit: 착취하다, 개척하다,
혈통, 가문, 기원, 출신, 태생. 개발하다, 미끼삼다, 이용하다,
burden: 부담, 귀찮은, 요지, 귀찮은일, 채굴하다, 부당하게 이용하다, 공훈,
무거운짐, 무거운짐을 지우다, 무거운 공적.
짐, 괴롭히다, 노래의 반복구, 배의 listen: 듣다, 따르다, 경청하다,
적재력, 반복구. 도청하다, 귀를 기울이다, 들리다,
deeply: 철저히, 짙게, 깊이, 굵고 들어 주다, 처럼 들리다.
낮게, 대단히, 심각하게, 교묘히. meanwhile: 그동안, 그 동안에,
dignity: 존엄, 위엄, 관록, 품위, 이야기는 바뀌어, 한편 이야기는
체면에 관계되다, 위풍, 위계, 고위 바뀌어.
인사. observance: 준수, 습관, 규율, 지켜야
할 의식, 경의, 관찰, 의식, 관찰력,
이행.
spy: 스파이, 찾아내다, 탐정하다,
면밀히 조사하다, 염탐하다, 스파이짓
하다, 알아보다.
stirring: 감동시키는, 붐비는, 활발한,
활약하는.
titular: 표제의, 이름뿐인, 직함이있는,
직함만의 사람, 명의만의 사람,
명의상의, 이름만의, 존칭의, 직함의,
칭호가 있는 사람, 칭호의.
134 The Iliad

raised himself on his elbow and looked up at Agamemnon. “Who is it,” said he,
“that goes thus about the host and the ships alone and in the dead of night, when
men are sleeping? Are you looking for one of your mules or for some comrade?
Do not stand there and say nothing, but speak. What is your business?”%
And Agamemnon answered, “Nestor, son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean
name, it is I, Agamemnon son of Atreus, on whom Jove has laid labour and
sorrow so long as there is breath in my body and my limbs carry me. I am thus
abroad because sleep sits not upon my eyelids, but my heart is big with war and
with the jeopardy of the Achaeans. I am in great fear for the Danaans. I am at
sea, and without sure counsel; my heart beats as though it would leap out of my
body, and my limbs fail me. If then you can do anything—for you too cannot
sleep—let us go the round of the watch, and see whether they are drowsy with
toil and sleeping to the neglect of their duty. The enemy is encamped hard and
we know not but he may attack us by night.”
Nestor replied, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, Jove
will not do all for Hector that Hector thinks he will; he will have troubles yet in
plenty if Achilles will lay aside his anger. I will go with you, and we will rouse
others, either the son of Tydeus, or Ulysses, or fleet Ajax and the valiant son of
Phyleus. Some one had also better go and call Ajax and King Idomeneus, for
their ships are not near at hand but the farthest of all. I cannot however refrain
from blaming Menelaus, much as I love him and respect him—and I will say so
plainly, even at the risk of offending you—for sleeping and leaving all this
trouble to yourself. He ought to be going about imploring aid from all the
princes of the Achaeans, for we are in extreme danger.”
And Agamemnon answered, “Sir, you may sometimes blame him justly, for
he is often remiss and unwilling to exert himself—not indeed from sloth, nor yet
heedlessness, but because he looks to me and expects me to take the lead. On this
occasion, however, he was awake before I was, and came to me of his own
accord. I have already sent him to call the very men whom you have named. And
now let us be going. We shall find them with the watch outside the gates, for it
was there I said that we would meet them.”

Korean
awake: 깨우다, 일으키다, 깨다, 끼치다, 발휘하다, 쓰다. 탄원하는.
깨닫다, 방심 않는, 잘 알아채서, extreme: 극도의, 과격한, 극도, 극단, jeopardy: 위험.
깨어서, 자각시키다-눈뜨다, 맨끝의, 양극단, 극단적인 수단, leap: 뛰기, 도약하다, 뛰다, 약동하다,
자각시키다, 눈뜨다, 분기하다- 극단의, 맨 끝에 있는 것, 최후의, 그 거리, 뛰어 넘다, 일사천리로,
깨어서. 최후의.극단. 껑충뛰다, 뛰어넘다, 뛰게 하다.
blame: 책임, 나무라다, 비난하다, fail: 실패하다, 부족하다, 낙제하다, neglect: 태만, 게을리하다, 소홀,
비난, 허물, 의 탓으로 돌리다-비난, 게을리하다, 파산하다, 모자라다, 무시하다, 무시, 하지 않다, 태만하여,
탓, 지우다, 의 탓으로 돌리다, 책망. 약해지다, 파산하다-실망시키다, 소홀히하다, 부주의한, 경시하다,
drowsy: 졸린, 졸음오게하는, 조는 없다, 흉작이 되다, 약속 따위를 간과하다.
듯한, 나른한, 졸리는. 태만히 하다. offending: 불쾌한.
exert: 미치다, 활동시키다, 내다, imploring: 애원하는, 탄원의, sloth: 나태, 나무늘보, 게으름.
 Homer 135

“In that case,” answered Nestor, “the Argives will not blame him nor
disobey his orders when he urges them to fight or gives them instructions.”%
With this he put on his shirt, and bound his sandals about his comely feet. He
buckled on his purple coat, of two thicknesses, large, and of a rough shaggy
texture, grasped his redoubtable bronze-shod spear, and wended his way along
the line of the Achaean ships. First he called loudly to Ulysses peer of gods in
counsel and woke him, for he was soon roused by the sound of the battle-cry. He
came outside his tent and said, “Why do you go thus alone about the host, and
along the line of the ships in the stillness of the night? What is it that you find so
urgent?” And Nestor knight of Gerene answered, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes,
take it not amiss, for the Achaeans are in great straits. Come with me and let us
wake some other, who may advise well with us whether we shall fight or fly.”
On this Ulysses went at once into his tent, put his shield about his shoulders
and came out with them. First they went to Diomed son of Tydeus, and found
him outside his tent clad in his armour with his comrades sleeping round him
and using their shields as pillows; as for their spears, they stood upright on the
spikes of their butts that were driven into the ground, and the burnished bronze
flashed afar like the lightning of father Jove. The hero was sleeping upon the skin
of an ox, with a piece of fine carpet under his head; Nestor went up to him and
stirred him with his heel to rouse him, upbraiding him and urging him to bestir
himself. “Wake up,” he exclaimed, “son of Tydeus. How can you sleep on in this
way? Can you not see that the Trojans are encamped on the brow of the plain
hard by our ships, with but a little space between us and them?”
On these words Diomed leaped up instantly and said, “Old man, your heart
is of iron; you rest not one moment from your labours. Are there no younger
men among the Achaeans who could go about to rouse the princes? There is no
tiring you.”
And Nestor knight of Gerene made answer, “My son, all that you have said is
true. I have good sons, and also much people who might call the chieftains, but
the Achaeans are in the gravest danger; life and death are balanced as it were on

Korean
buckled: 죔쇠 달린, 죔쇠가 달린. ...않다, 없다, 도 아니다. 하는.
carpet: 양탄자, 융단, 깔개, 풀밭, rough: 거칠게, 귀에 거슬리는, upbraiding: 비판, 비난, 비난하는,
양탄자를 깔다, 꾸짖다, 온통 깔림, 껄껄한, 거친, 사나운, 학대, 떫은, 나무라는, 비난하는 질책.
온통 뒤덮다, 꽃밭, 불러꾸짖다. 난폭한, 거칠게 하다, 미가공, wake: 경야, 활기띠다, 각성시키다,
coat: 칠하다, 외피, 상의, 입히다, 씌운 거칠거칠한. 철야제, 일으키다, 지나간 자국, 밤샘,
것, 가죽, 스커트, 덮개, 코트, 칠, 층. stillness: 침묵, 조용한 환경, 정적, 깨우다, 되살아나다, 일어나다,
danger: 위험, 장애, 의 위험이 있다, 고요, 평온, 소리 없는 곳, 고, 고요함. 잠깨다.
위험 상태, 위험물. texture: 직물, 결, 조직, 감촉, 천감, younger: 나이 적은 쪽의, 연하의
disobey: 듣지 않다, 반항하다, 직조하다, 질감 묘사, 직조법, 기질, 사람, 손아랫사람들, 어린 쪽의,
불복종하다, 좇지 않다. 색조 묘사. 연하쪽의 젊은이, 형제 중 어린 쪽의,
nor: 부정논리화, 보다도, 도 또한 tiring: 지루한, 지치게하는, 피로하게 손아래의, 손 아래 사람들, 아이들.
136 The Iliad

the%edge of a razor. Go then, for you are younger than I, and of your courtesy
rouse Ajax and the fleet son of Phyleus.”
Diomed threw the skin of a great tawny lion about his shoulders—a skin that
reached his feet—and grasped his spear. When he had roused the heroes, he
brought them back with him; they then went the round of those who were on
guard, and found the captains not sleeping at their posts but wakeful and sitting
with their arms about them. As sheep dogs that watch their flocks when they are
yarded, and hear a wild beast coming through the mountain forest towards
them—forthwith there is a hue and cry of dogs and men, and slumber is
broken—even so was sleep chased from the eyes of the Achaeans as they kept
the watches of the wicked night, for they turned constantly towards the plain
whenever they heard any stir among the Trojans. The old man was glad bade
them be of good cheer. “Watch on, my children,” said he, “and let not sleep get
hold upon you, lest our enemies triumph over us.”
With this he passed the trench, and with him the other chiefs of the Achaeans
who had been called to the council. Meriones and the brave son of Nestor went
also, for the princes bade them. When they were beyond the trench that was dug
round the wall they held their meeting on the open ground where there was a
space clear of corpses, for it was here that when night fell Hector had turned
back from his onslaught on the Argives. They sat down, therefore, and held
debate with one another.
Nestor spoke first. “My friends,” said he, “is there any man bold enough to
venture the Trojans, and cut off some straggler, or us news of what the enemy
mean to do whether they will stay here by the ships away from the city, or
whether, now that they have worsted the Achaeans, they will retire within their
walls. If he could learn all this and come back safely here, his fame would be
high as heaven in the mouths of all men, and he would be rewarded richly; for
the chiefs from all our ships would each of them give him a black ewe with her
lamb—which is a present of surpassing value—and he would be asked as a guest
to all feasts and clan-gatherings.”

Korean
beast: 짐승, 가축, 짐승 같은 놈, 식용 guest: 손님, 빈객, 내방자, 숙박인, 은퇴시키다, 아웃 시키다, 퇴각하다,
소, 동물, 짐승 같은 사람, 축생, 기생 동물, 기생 식물. 입후보를 단념하다, 지폐 따위를
네발짐승. hue: 색조, 빛깔, 색상, 고함, 외침소리, 회수하다.
constantly: 끊임없이, 항상, 빈번히, 비난의 소리, 색채, 고함소리, 특색. straggler: 낙오자, 우거져 퍼지는 풀,
노상, 자주, 변함없이. mountain: 산, 산더미 같은, 불규칙하게 뻗어나간 가지, 미조.
courtesy: 호의, 예의, 예의상의, 산더미처럼 큰 것, 산악당, wild: 난폭한, 황무지, 황폐한,
정중함, 우대, 친절, 우대의, 공손, 프랑스사의 산악당. 열광적인, 야생의, 야만의, 빗나간,
인사, 정중한 행위, 특별 대우. razor: 면도칼, 면도기, 에 면도칼을 사람이 살지 않는, 난폭하게, 황야,
guard: 망보다, 차장, 방어 자세, 대다. 방탕한.
지키다, 보호자, 감시하다, 파수병, retire: 회수하다, 퇴직하다, 물러나다, worsted: 소모사, 소모직물, 털실,
경계, 근위대, 흙받기, 난로의 불어리. 물러나게 하다, 자다, 아웃시키다, 털실의, 털실로 만든, 소모사제의.
 Homer 137

They all held their peace, but Diomed of the loud war-cry spoke saying,
“Nestor, gladly will I visit the host of the Trojans over against us, but if another
will go with me I shall do so in greater confidence and comfort. When two men
are together, one of them may see some opportunity which the other has not
caught sight of; if a man is alone he is less full of resource, and his wit is
weaker.”%
On this several offered to go with Diomed. The two Ajaxes, servants of Mars,
Meriones, and the son of Nestor all wanted to go, so did Menelaus son of Atreus;
Ulysses also wished to go among the host of the Trojans, for he was ever full of
daring, and thereon Agamemnon king of men spoke thus: “Diomed,” said he,
“son of Tydeus, man after my own heart, choose your comrade for yourself—
take the best man of those that have offered, for many would now go with you.
Do not through delicacy reject the better man, and take the worst out of respect
for his lineage, because he is of more royal blood.”
He said this because he feared for Menelaus. Diomed answered, “If you bid
me take the man of my own choice, how in that case can I fail to think of Ulysses,
than whom there is no man more eager to face all kinds of danger—and Pallas
Minerva loves him well? If he were to go with me we should pass safely through
fire itself, for he is quick to see and understand.”
“Son of Tydeus,” replied Ulysses, “say neither good nor ill about me, for you
are among Argives who know me well. Let us be going, for the night wanes and
dawn is at hand. The stars have gone forward, two-thirds of the night are already
spent, and the third is alone left us.”
They then put on their armour. Brave Thrasymedes provided the son of
Tydeus with a sword and a shield (for he had left his own at his ship) and on his
head he set a helmet of bull’s hide without either peak or crest; it is called a
skull-cap and is a common headgear. Meriones found a bow and quiver for
Ulysses, and on his head he set a leathern helmet that was lined with a strong
plaiting of leathern thongs, while on the outside it was thickly studded with
boar’s teeth, well and skilfully set into it; next the head there was an inner lining
of felt. This helmet had been stolen by Autolycus out of Eleon when he broke

Korean
delicacy: 섬세함, 정교, 우미, 연약함, 살아 있는, 이해가 빠른, 급소, stolen: 훔친.
우아, 솜씨있음, 고움, 맛있는 음식, 서둘러서, 상처의 붉은 살, 빠른, 중요 thickly: 불명료하게, 빽빽하게, 탁한
날씬함, 동정심, 섬세. 부분. 목소리로, 두껍게, 굵게, 무성하게,
headgear: 머리장식, 모자, 머리 장식. reject: 거절하다, 토하다, 물리치다, 잔뜩, 짙게.
lined: 안을 댄, 선을 그은. 받지 않다, 버리다, 거부된 사람, 흠 wit: 기지, 재치, 지력, 알다, 재치있는
lining: 안감, 안대기, 안, 포켓 따위의 있는 물건, 퇴짜놓다, 불합격자, 사람, 정신, 재주꾼, 지.
알맹이, 켓 따위의 알맹이, 지갑 받아들이지 않다, 거절된 것. worst: 가장 나쁘게, 가장 나쁜,
따위의 알맹이, 위 따위의 알맹이, resource: 자원, 자력, 수단, 재원, 지우다, 무찌르다, 최악의 것, 가장
안을 대기, 알맹이. 기지, 물자, 기략, 자산, 방책, 방편, 심한 것, 지게 하다, 가장 나쁜 것,
loves: 사랑. 공급원. 가장 나쁜 사람, 제일 심한, 가장 심한
quick: 빨리, 재빠른, 성급한, 민감한, skull-cap: 작은 테두리 없는 모자. 사람.
138 The Iliad

into the house of Amyntor son of Ormenus. He gave it to Amphidamas of

Cythera to take to Scandea, and Amphidamas gave it as a guest-gift to Molus,
who gave it to his son Meriones; and now it was set upon the head of Ulysses.%
When the pair had armed, they set out, and left the other chieftains behind
them. Pallas Minerva sent them a heron by the wayside upon their right hands;
they could not see it for the darkness, but they heard its cry. Ulysses was glad
when he heard it and prayed to Minerva: “Hear me,” he cried, “daughter of
aegis-bearing Jove, you who spy out all my ways and who are with me in all my
hardships; befriend me in this mine hour, and grant that we may return to the
ships covered with glory after having achieved some mighty exploit that shall
bring sorrow to the Trojans.”
Then Diomed of the loud war-cry also prayed: “Hear me too,” said he,
“daughter of Jove, unweariable; be with me even as you were with my noble
father Tydeus when he went to Thebes as envoy sent by the Achaeans. He left
the Achaeans by the banks of the river Aesopus, and went to the city bearing a
message of peace to the Cadmeians; on his return thence, with your help,
goddess, he did great deeds of daring, for you were his ready helper. Even so
guide me and guard me now, and in return I will offer you in sacrifice a broad-
browed heifer of a year old, unbroken, and never yet brought by man under the
yoke. I will gild her horns and will offer her up to you in sacrifice.”
Thus they prayed, and Pallas Minerva heard their prayer. When they had
done praying to the daughter of great Jove, they went their way like two lions
prowling by night amid the armour and blood-stained bodies of them that had
fallen.
Neither again did Hector let the Trojans sleep; for he too called the princes
and councillors of the Trojans that he might set his counsel before them. “Is there
one,” said he, “who for a great reward will do me the service of which I will tell
you? He shall be well paid if he will. I will give him a chariot and a couple of
horses, the fleetest that can be found at the ships of the Achaeans, if he will dare
this thing; and he will win infinite honour to boot; he must go to the ships and
find out whether they are still guarded as heretofore, or whether now that we

Korean
gild: 금을 입히다, 장식하다, 금도금을 지도하다, 정찰대, 지휘자, 길잡이, 쌍의 남녀, 한 쌍이 되다, 한 쌍으로
하다, 을 실물보다 아름답게 꾸미다, 도표, 소녀단, 움직이다, 안내. 하다, 한쪽.
금빛으로 물들이다, 싫은 것을 heretofore: 이제 까지, 지금까지, 현재 river: 강, 다량의 흐름, 생사의갈림길,
보기좋게 만들다, 금박을 도금하다, 까지, 지금 까지, 이때까지. 하천, 째는사람, 생사의 갈림길.
에 금을 입히다. heron: 왜가리, 왜라기. unbroken: 파손되지 않은, 길들여
grant: 허가, 인가, 하사, 승낙하다, infinite: 무한의, 막대한, 끝없는, 지지 않은, 중단되지 않은, 완전한,
인정하다, 수여하다, 교부, 양도, 무한대, 부정의, 부정형의, 무한한 미개간의, 꺽이지 않은, 꺾이지 않은,
양도하다, 교부금, 내리다. 공간, 무한량, 완전무결한, 무한, 중단되지 않는, 손상되지 않은,
guarded: 조심성 있는, 신중한, 무수한. 깨어지지 않은, 경작되지 않은.
감시되어 있는, 방어되어 있는. pair: 한 쌍, 부부, 한자루, 두 필의 말, wayside: 길가, 길가의, 노변.
guide: 안내자, 가이드, 지도자, 둘이 한 쌍, 약혼한 남녀, 한 쪽, 한
 Homer 139

have beaten them the Achaeans design to fly, and through sheer exhaustion are
neglecting to keep their watches.”%
They all held their peace; but there was among the Trojans a certain man
named Dolon, son of Eumedes, the famous herald—a man rich in gold and
bronze. He was ill-favoured, but a good runner, and was an only son among five
sisters. He it was that now addressed the Trojans. “I, Hector,” said he, “Will to
the ships and will exploit them. But first hold up your sceptre and swear that you
will give me the chariot, bedight with bronze, and the horses that now carry the
noble son of Peleus. I will make you a good scout, and will not fail you. I will go
through the host from one end to the other till I come to the ship of Agamemnon,
where I take it the princes of the Achaeans are now consulting whether they
shall fight or fly.”
When he had done speaking Hector held up his sceptre, and swore him his
oath saying, “May Jove the thundering husband of Juno bear witness that no
other Trojan but yourself shall mount those steeds, and that you shall have your
will with them for ever.”
The oath he swore was bootless, but it made Dolon more keen on going. He
hung his bow over his shoulder, and as an overall he wore the skin of a grey
wolf, while on his head he set a cap of ferret skin. Then he took a pointed javelin,
and left the camp for the ships, but he was not to return with any news for
Hector. When he had left the horses and the troops behind him, he made all
speed on his way, but Ulysses perceived his coming and said to Diomed,
“Diomed, here is some one from the camp; I am not sure whether he is a spy, or
whether it is some thief who would plunder the bodies of the dead; let him get a
little past us, we can then spring upon him and take him. If, however, he is too
quick for us, go after him with your spear and hem him in towards the ships
away from the Trojan camp, to prevent his getting back to the town.”
With this they turned out of their way and lay down among the corpses.
Dolon suspected nothing and soon passed them, but when he had got about as
far as the distance by which a mule-plowed furrow exceeds one that has been
ploughed by oxen (for mules can plow fallow land quicker than oxen) they ran

Korean
bedight: 장식된, 차려 입다, 장식하다, 짓다, 주름살이 지다, 주름살, 쟁기로 갈다, 갈다, 북두칠성-쟁기질 하다,
꾸민, 꾸미다. 갈다, 고랑, 주름살-쟁기로 갈다. 낙제시키다-쟁기로 갈다.
consulting: 자문의, 진찰 전문의, hem: 가선, 에워싸다, 두르다, 감치다, scout: 정찰하다, 정찰병, 코웃음치다,
잔찰을 위한, 진찰의, 고문의. 에헴, 감침질, 경계, 헛기침, 에헴 물리치다, 신인을 물색하는 사람,
fallow: 유휴하다, 담황색의, 묵히고 하고 소리내다, 헛기침 소리, 가선을 소년 단원녀석, 놈, 스카우트,
있는, 유휴, 연한 황갈색의, 놀리다, 두르다. 정찰하기, 수색하다, 찾다가
경작하지 않은, 연한 회갈색의, ill-favoured: 못생긴. 발견하다.
갈아만 놓고 놀리다, 휴경지, 수양을 javelin: 창던지기, 창, 던지는 창. thundering: 엄청나게, 터무니없는,
쌓지 않은. plow: 경작지, 쟁기, 두둑을 만들다, 우뢰같이 울리는, 우뢰같은,
furrow: 주물살이 생기게 하다, 두둑을 파도를 헤치고 나아가다, 제설기, 터무니없이, 매우, 뇌성같이 울리는,
짓다, 보습자리, 항적, 밭고랑, 이랑을 갈듯이나아가다, 낙제시키다, 쟁기로 뇌성 같은, 거대한, 우뢰 같은.
140 The Iliad

after him, and when he heard their footsteps he stood still, for he made sure they
were friends from the Trojan camp come by Hector’s orders to bid him return;
when, however, they were only a spear’s cast, or less away form him, he saw that
they were enemies as fast as his legs could take him. The others gave chase at
once, and as a couple of well-trained hounds press forward after a doe or hare
that runs screaming in front of them, even so did the son of Tydeus and Ulysses
pursue Dolon and cut him off from his own people. But when he had fled so far
towards the ships that he would soon have fallen in with the outposts, Minerva
infused fresh strength into the son of Tydeus for fear some other of the Achaeans
might have the glory of being first to hit him, and he might himself be only
second; he therefore sprang forward with his spear and said, “Stand, or I shall
throw my spear, and in that case I shall soon make an end of you.”%
He threw as he spoke, but missed his aim on purpose. The dart flew over the
man’s right shoulder, and then stuck in the ground. He stood stock still,
trembling and in great fear; his teeth chattered, and he turned pale with fear. The
two came breathless up to him and seized his hands, whereon he began to weep
and said, “Take me alive; I will ransom myself; we have great store of gold,
bronze, and wrought iron, and from this my father will satisfy you with a very
large ransom, should he hear of my being alive at the ships of the Achaeans.”
“Fear not,” replied Ulysses, “let no thought of death be in your mind; but tell
me, and tell me true, why are you thus going about alone in the dead of night
away from your camp and towards the ships, while other men are sleeping? Is it
to plunder the bodies of the slain, or did Hector send you to spy out what was
going on at the ships? Or did you come here of your own mere notion?”
Dolon answered, his limbs trembling beneath him: “Hector, with his vain
flattering promises, lured me from my better judgement. He said he would give
me the horses of the noble son of Peleus and his bronze-bedizened chariot; he
bade me go through the darkness of the flying night, get close to the enemy, and
find out whether the ships are still guarded as heretofore, or whether, now that
we have beaten them, the Achaeans design to fly, and through sheer exhaustion
are neglecting to keep their watches.”

Korean
breathless: 죽은, 숨가쁜, 숨을 죽인, 좋게 보이는, 알랑거리는, 빌붙는, 만족을 주다.
바람 없는, 바람 한 점 없는, 숨도 못 비위 맞추는, 기쁘게 하는, screaming: 깜짝 놀라게 하는,
쉴 정도의. 발림말하는. 번지르르한, 이목을 끌게 하는,
cast: 던지다, 캐스트, 주조되다, hare: 산토끼. 우스워 못 견디는, 날카롭게 외치는,
던지기, 해고하다, 향하다, 버리다, pursue: 추구하다, 수행하다, 선정적인, 깔깔 웃는, 킥킥거리는,
경향, 주조하다, 배정하다, 계산하다. 추적하다, 속행하다, 찾아 가다, 외치는, 삑삑 우는, 쇳소리를 지르는.
doe: 암컷, 암사슴. 쫓아가다, 따라가다, 소송하다, 길을 store: 축적, 공급하다, 창고에
exhaustion: 피로, 고갈, 소모, 배출, 따라가다, 계속해서 말하다. 보관하다, 백화점, 저장소, 저장,
철저한 연구, 철저한 검토, 다 써버림, satisfy: 만족시키다, 풀게하다, 채우다, 기억시키다, 저축하다, 비축,
배기. 가라앉히다, 갚다, 안심시키다, 떼어두다, 넣을 여지가 있다.
flattering: 아첨하는, 유망한, 실물보다 이루다, 지불하다, 풀다, 충족시키다,
 Homer 141

Ulysses smiled at him and answered, “You had indeed set your heart upon a
great reward, but the horses of the descendant of Aeacus are hardly to be kept in
hand or driven by any other mortal man than Achilles himself, whose mother
was an immortal. But tell me, and tell me true, where did you leave Hector when
you started? Where lies his armour and his horses? How, too, are the watches
and sleeping-ground of the Trojans ordered? What are their plans? Will they stay
here by the ships and away from the city, or now that they have worsted the
Achaeans, will they retire within their walls?”%
And Dolon answered, “I will tell you truly all. Hector and the other
councillors are now holding conference by the monument of great Ilus, away
from the general tumult; as for the guards about which you ask me, there is no
chosen watch to keep guard over the host. The Trojans have their watchfires, for
they are bound to have them; they, therefore, are awake and keep each other to
their duty as sentinels; but the allies who have come from other places are asleep
and leave it to the Trojans to keep guard, for their wives and children are not
here.”
Ulysses then said, “Now tell me; are they sleeping among the Trojan troops,
or do they lie apart? Explain this that I may understand it.”
“I will tell you truly all,” replied Dolon. “To the seaward lie the Carians, the
Paeonian bowmen, the Leleges, the Cauconians, and the noble Pelasgi. The
Lysians and proud Mysians, with the Phrygians and Meonians, have their place
on the side towards Thymbra; but why ask about an this? If you want to find
your way into the host of the Trojans, there are the Thracians, who have lately
come here and lie apart from the others at the far end of the camp; and they have
Rhesus son of Eioneus for their king. His horses are the finest and strongest that I
have ever seen, they are whiter than snow and fleeter than any wind that blows.
His chariot is bedight with silver and gold, and he has brought his marvellous
golden armour, of the rarest workmanship—too splendid for any mortal man to
carry, and meet only for the gods. Now, therefore, take me to the ships or bind
me securely here, until you come back and have proved my words whether they
be false or true.”

Korean
asleep: 잠들어, 활발치않아서, 덧붙이기, 해석하다, 허사, 욕설, 바다를 향한, 바다쪽.
마비되어, 팽이가서서, 영면하여, 군더더기, 해명하다. securely: 안전히 하다, 안전한,
죽어, 자서, 저려. guards: 근위 연대. 보증하다, 단단히 잠그다, 보험에
chosen: 선발된, 좋아하는, 뽑힌, holding: 소유주, 보유, 소유, 유지, 들다, 붙들어 매다, 확신하는, 구하다,
선택한, 선택된, 신에게 선택된, 지주, 토지, 파지, 홀딩, 보유지, 토지 가두다, 획득하다, 튼튼한.
신에게 뽑힌. 보유, 공을 잠시 받치고 있기. troops: 군대.
conference: 회의, 협의, 수여, 해운 lately: 요즈음, 최근. watch: 경계, 주시하다, 감시하다,
동맹, 협의회, 경기연맹, 상담, 상의. marvellous: 훌륭한, 불가사의한, 돌보다, 지켜보다, 감시, 대기하고
duty: 의무, 임무, 본분, 관세, 경의, 놀라운, 놀랄만한, 기이. 있다, 불침번, 야경, 엿보다, 자지
조세, 일, 효율, 종무, 직무, 책임. ordered: 정연한, 질서 바른, 정돈된. 않고 있다.
explain: 설명하다, 변명하다, seaward: 바다쪽의, 바다쪽으로,
142 The Iliad

Diomed looked sternly at him and answered, “Think not, Dolon, for all the
good information you have given us, that you shall escape now you are in our
hands, for if we ransom you or let you go, you will come some second time to the
ships of the Achaeans either as a spy or as an open enemy, but if I kill you and
an end of you, you will give no more trouble.”%
On this Dolon would have caught him by the beard to beseech him further,
but Diomed struck him in the middle of his neck with his sword and cut through
both sinews so that his head fell rolling in the dust while he was yet speaking.
They took the ferret-skin cap from his head, and also the wolf-skin, the bow, and
his long spear. Ulysses hung them up aloft in honour of Minerva the goddess of
plunder, and prayed saying, “Accept these, goddess, for we give them to you in
preference to all the gods in Olympus: therefore speed us still further towards
the horses and sleeping-ground of the Thracians.”
With these words he took the spoils and set them upon a tamarisk tree, and
they marked the place by pulling up reeds and gathering boughs of tamarisk
that they might not miss it as they came back through the’ flying hours of
darkness. The two then went onwards amid the fallen armour and the blood, and
came presently to the company of Thracian soldiers, who were sleeping, tired
out with their day’s toil; their goodly armour was lying on the ground beside
them all orderly in three rows, and each man had his yoke of horses beside him.
Rhesus was sleeping in the middle, and hard by him his horses were made fast
to the topmost rim of his chariot. Ulysses from some way off saw him and said,
“This, Diomed, is the man, and these are the horses about which Dolon whom
we killed told us. Do your very utmost; dally not about your armour, but loose
the horses at once—or else kill the men yourself, while I see to the horses.”
Thereon Minerva put courage into the heart of Diomed, and he smote them
right and left. They made a hideous groaning as they were being hacked about,
and the earth was red with their blood. As a lion springs furiously upon a flock
of sheep or goats when he finds without their shepherd, so did the son of Tydeus
set upon the Thracian soldiers till he had killed twelve. As he killed them Ulysses
came and drew them aside by their feet one by one, that the horses might go

Korean
aside: 떨어져서-방백, 옆에, 떼어서, 섬뜩한, 보기만 해도 무서운. 따위에 대한 우선권.
독백, 곁으로, 곁에, 방백, 별도로 kill: 죽이다, 기세를 꺾다, 시내, 잡은 rhesus: 원숭이의 일종, 붉은
하고, 생각하지 않고, 따로 두고. 것, 수로, 살생, 보내다, 말라 털원숭이.
cap: 탈모하다, 뚜껑, 캡, 모자를 주게하다, 말살하다, 살인하다, 말라 tired: 피곤한, 진부한, 물린, 지친,
씌우다, 모자, 열다, 덮다, 최고, 죽게하다. 싫증난, 케케묵은, 싫어진, 세상이
다투어 끄집어 내다, 피임용 페서리, marked: 현저한, 기호가 붙은, 눈에 싫어져서, 낡아빠진, 타이어를 단.
특수한 모자. 띄는, 저명한, 두드러진, 기호가 있는, utmost: 최대의, 가장먼, 극한, 최대
dally: 빈둥거리다, 장난치다, 헛되게 주의를 끄는, 표가 있는. 한도, 최고의 것, 가장 떨어진,
보내다, 희롱하다, 희룽거리다, preference: 우선권, 편애, 특혜, 최대한도, 최대한의, 최상의 것.
낭비하다, 빈둥빈둥 지내다. 좋아하는 것, 선택, 유산 따위에 대한 whom: 어느 것, 어느 사람, 누구의
hideous: 오싹해지는, 끔찍한, 무서운, 우선권, 더 좋아함, 기호물, 배당 목적격.
 Homer 143

forward freely without being frightened as they passed over the dead bodies, for
they were not yet used to them. When the son of Tydeus came to the king, he
killed him too (which made thirteen), as he was breathing hard, for by the
counsel of Minerva an evil dream, the seed of Oeneus, hovered that night over
his head. Meanwhile Ulysses untied the horses, made them fast one to another
and drove them off, striking them with his bow, for he had forgotten to take the
whip from the chariot. Then he whistled as a sign to Diomed.%
But Diomed stayed where he was, thinking what other daring deed he might
accomplish. He was doubting whether to take the chariot in which the king’s
armour was lying, and draw it out by the pole, or to lift the armour out and
carry it off; or whether again, he should not kill some more Thracians. While he
was thus hesitating Minerva came up to him and said, “Get back, Diomed, to the
ships or you may be driven thither, should some other god rouse the Trojans.”
Diomed knew that it was the goddess, and at once sprang upon the horses.
Ulysses beat them with his bow and they flew onward to the ships of the
Achaeans.
But Apollo kept no blind look-out when he saw Minerva with the son of
Tydeus. He was angry with her, and coming to the host of the Trojans he roused
Hippocoon, a counsellor of the Thracians and a noble kinsman of Rhesus. He
started up out of his sleep and saw that the horses were no longer in their place,
and that the men were gasping in their death-agony; on this he groaned aloud,
and called upon his friend by name. Then the whole Trojan camp was in an
uproar as the people kept hurrying together, and they marvelled at the deeds of
the heroes who had now got away towards the ships.
When they reached the place where they had killed Hector’s scout, Ulysses
stayed his horses, and the son of Tydeus, leaping to the ground, placed the
blood-stained spoils in the hands of Ulysses and remounted: then he lashed the
horses onwards, and they flew forward nothing loth towards the ships as though
of their own free will. Nestor was first to hear the tramp of their feet. “My
friends,” said he, “princes and counsellors of the Argives, shall I guess right or
wrong?—but I must say what I think: there is a sound in my ears as of the tramp

Korean
accomplish: 숙달한, 완수하다, doubting: 의혹을 품고 있는, 불안한. 혈족의 남자.
가르치다, 달성하다, 성취하다, dream: 몽상, 꿈, 공상하다, 꿈꾸다, lift: 승강기, 승진, 향상시키다, 올림,
완성한, 소양이있는, 소양이 있는, 매력 있는 사람, 아름다운 사람, 도둑, 위로 향함, 높아지다, 제거하다,
이루다, 에게 가르치다. 훌륭한 사람, 꿈인가 싶은 사람, 포부, 올라가다, 걷힘, 캐내다.
blind: 맹목적인, 눈먼, 발, 숨은, 아름다운 것, 멍하니 세월을 보내다. passed: 합격한, 지나가 버린.
어리석은, 이성을 잃은, 차일, 커튼, guess: 추측, 생각하다, 알아맞히다, seed: 씨, 시드하다, 씨를 뿌리다, 자손,
문, 막다른-눈멀게 하다, 눈멀게 추측하다, 직각하다, 라고 생각하다, 종자, 알, 성숙하다, 시드된 경기자,
하다. 풀어맞히다, 생각해맞히다, 추단하다, 원인, 종자가 되는 것, 정액.
breathing: 호흡, 동경, 발성, 열망, 어림 짐작으로 말하다. striking: 치는, 파업중인, 인상적인,
휴식, 미풍, 부동, 숨쉬는, 숨쉬는 hesitating: 주저하는, 망설이는. 현저한, 두드러진, 눈에 띄는.
동안, 숨을 불어넣음, 호흡법. kinsman: 남자 친척, 친척의 남자, untied: 묶이지 않은, 제한되지 않은.
144 The Iliad

of horses. I hope it may Diomed and Ulysses driving in horses from the Trojans,
but I much fear that the bravest of the Argives may have come to some harm at
their hands.”%
He had hardly done speaking when the two men came in and dismounted,
whereon the others shook hands right gladly with them and congratulated them.
Nestor knight of Gerene was first to question them. “Tell me,” said he,
“renowned Ulysses, how did you two come by these horses? Did you steal in
among the Trojan forces, or did some god meet you and give them to you? They
are like sunbeams. I am well conversant with the Trojans, for old warrior though
I am I never hold back by the ships, but I never yet saw or heard of such horses
as these are. Surely some god must have met you and given them to you, for you
are both of you dear to Jove, and to Jove’s daughter Minerva.”
And Ulysses answered, “Nestor son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean name,
heaven, if it so will, can give us even better horses than these, for the gods are far
mightier than we are. These horses, however, about which you ask me, are
freshly come from Thrace. Diomed killed their king with the twelve bravest of
his companions. Hard by the ships we took a thirteenth man—a scout whom
Hector and the other Trojans had sent as a spy upon our ships.”
He laughed as he spoke and drove the horses over the ditch, while the other
Achaeans followed him gladly. When they reached the strongly built quarters of
the son of Tydeus, they tied the horses with thongs of leather to the manger,
where the steeds of Diomed stood eating their sweet corn, but Ulysses hung the
blood-stained spoils of Dolon at the stern of his ship, that they might prepare a
sacred offering to Minerva. As for themselves, they went into the sea and
washed the sweat from their bodies, and from their necks and thighs. When the
sea-water had taken all the sweat from off them, and had refreshed them, they
went into the baths and washed themselves. After they had so done and had
anointed themselves with oil, they sat down to table, and drawing from a full
mixing-bowl, made a drink-offering of wine to Minerva.

Korean
baths: 입욕, 목욕, 목욕탕, 온천. 좀먹어들어가는, 좀먹어 들어가는,
conversant: 친교가 있는, 밝은, 친한, 음식, 물.
잘알고있는, 정통한. freshly: 새로이, 신선하게.
drawing: 그림, 발행, 제도, 달여내기, manger: 여물통, 구유.
데상, 선화, 칼을 빼기, 잡아늘이기, offering: 헌금, 봉납, 헌납, 선물, 제의,
그림의, 달이기. 신청, 제공, 봉납물, 연보, 매출, 제공
driving: 추진하는, 운전, 정력적인, 작품.
동력전달의, 혹사하는, 추진, 박기, speaking: 말하기, 연설, 정치적 집회,
휘몰아치는, 사람을 혹사하는, 이야기 하기에 적합한, 담화,
운전법, 에서 멀리 치기. 이야기를 할 정도의, 생생한, 말하는,
eating: 먹기, 식용의, 식품, 식품- 말이라도 할 것 같은.
steal: 훔치다, 도둑질하다, 도루하다,
훔침, 횡재, 도둑질, 도루, 몰래 손에
넣다, 훔친물건, 몰래가다조용히
움직이다, 싸게 산 물건.
strongly: 강하게, 튼튼하게, 열심히,
맹렬히, 공고히, 강경히, 강경하게,
격심하게.
thirteenth: 열세번째의, 제13의,
제십삼의, 십삼번째의 사람, 십삼분의
일, 십삼분의 일의, 제십삼,
십삼번째의 것.
 Homer 145

BOOK XI

And%now as Dawn rose from her couch beside Tithonus, harbinger of light
alike to mortals and immortals, Jove sent fierce Discord with the ensign of war in
her hands to the ships of the Achaeans. She took her stand by the huge black hull
of Ulysses’ ship which was middlemost of all, so that her voice might carry
farthest on either side, on the one hand towards the tents of Ajax son of Telamon,
and on the other towards those of Achilles—for these two heroes, well-assured of
their own strength, had valorously drawn up their ships at the two ends of the
line. There she took her stand, and raised a cry both loud and shrill that filled the
Achaeans with courage, giving them heart to fight resolutely and with all their
might, so that they had rather stay there and do battle than go home in their
ships.
The son of Atreus shouted aloud and bade the Argives gird themselves for
battle while he put on his armour. First he girded his goodly greaves about his
legs, making them fast with ankle- clasps of silver; and about his chest he set the
breastplate which Cinyras had once given him as a guest-gift. It had been noised
abroad as far as Cyprus that the Achaeans were about to sail for Troy, and
therefore he gave it to the king. It had ten courses of dark cyanus, twelve of gold,
and ten of tin. There were serpents of cyanus that reared themselves up towards
the neck, three upon either side, like the rainbows which the son of Saturn has
set in heaven as a sign to mortal men. About his shoulders he threw his sword,
Korean
abroad: 널리, 해외에, 틀려서, 퍼져서, filled: 차는, 충족시키는, 흡족하게 neck: 목, 지협, 목의 길이, 옷깃, 해협,
집 밖에, 밖에, 집 밖으로, 잘못하여, 하는, 흙으로 돋우는, 팽팽하게 하는, 좁은곳, 서로 목을 껴안고 애무하다,
외국으로, 본거지 외에서, 국외로. 차지하는, 채우는, 가득 따르는, 목옷깃, 목부분, 목덜미살, 목덜미 살.
ankle: 발목, 발목 관절. 조제하는, 섞어 넣는, 바람을 가득 resolutely: 단호하게, 단호히, 결연히.
battle: 투쟁, 전투, 싸움, 승리, 교전, 받는. tin: 주석, 양철, 주석을 입히다, 주석
전쟁, 고투하다, 분투하다, 와 싸우다, gird: 조롱, 허리에 차다, 허리띠로 그릇, 양철 깡통, 주석으로 만든,
싸우다, 투쟁하다. 졸라매다, 주다, 을 허리에 두르다, 통조림하다, 돈, 경찰관의 배지,
chest: 가슴, 궤, 금고, 밀폐 용기, 상자, 몸에 붙이다, 둘러싸다, 조롱하다, 경찰관, 한 깡통.
큰상자, 흉곽, 장롱, 자금, 가슴 속, 차다, 허리띠로 졸라 매다, 둘러 싸다. twelve: 십이의 기호, 열두의, 열두개
흉중. harbinger: 선구자, 예고, 을 미리 한 조의 것, 열두개의, 열두시, 열두,
ensign: 기수, 국기, 군기, 기장, 기. 알리다. 열두명 한 조의 것.
146 The Iliad

studded with bosses of gold; and the scabbard was of silver with a chain of gold
wherewith to hang it. He took moreover the richly-dight shield that covered his
body when he was in battle—fair to see, with ten circles of bronze running all
round it. On the body of the shield there were twenty bosses of white tin, with
another of dark cyanus in the middle: this last was made to show a Gorgon’s
head, fierce and grim, with Rout and Panic on either side. The band for the arm
to go through was of silver, on which there was a writhing snake of cyanus with
three heads that sprang from a single neck, and went in and out among one
another. On his head Agamemnon set a helmet, with a peak before and behind,
and four plumes of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it; then he grasped
two redoubtable bronze-shod spears, and the gleam of his armour shot from him
as a flame into the firmament, while Juno and Minerva thundered in honour of
the king of rich Mycene.%
Every man now left his horses in charge of his charioteer to hold them in
readiness by the trench, while he went into battle on foot clad in full armour, and
a mighty uproar rose on high into the dawning. The chiefs were armed and at
the trench before the horses got there, but these came up presently. The son of
Saturn sent a portent of evil sound about their host, and the dew fell red with
blood, for he was about to send many a brave man hurrying down to Hades.
The Trojans, on the other side upon the rising slope of the plain, were
gathered round great Hector, noble Polydamas, Aeneas who was honoured by
the Trojans like an immortal, and the three sons of Antenor, Polybus, Agenor,
and young Acamas beauteous as a god. Hector’s round shield showed in the
front rank, and as some baneful star that shines for a moment through a rent in
the clouds and is again hidden beneath them; even so was Hector now seen in
the front ranks and now again in the hindermost, and his bronze armour
gleamed like the lightning of aegis-bearing Jove.
And now as a band of reapers mow swathes of wheat or barley upon a rich
man’s land, and the sheaves fall thick before them, even so did the Trojans and
Achaeans fall upon one another; they were in no mood for yielding but fought
like wolves, and neither side got the better of the other. Discord was glad as she

Korean
beauteous: 아름다운, 우아한. hang: 교살하다, 걸다, 조금도, 벽에 더미, 마른 곡식의 더미, 마른 풀의
chain: 쇠사슬, 연쇄, 굴레, 측쇄, 속박, 바르다, 걸림새, 취지, 늘어뜨리다, 더미, 무차별하게 대량살육하다, 보리
체인, 목걸이, 차꼬, 일련, 회로, 방식, 사용법, 요령, 늘어지다. 따위를 베다.
사슬로 연결하다. hidden: 숨겨진, 숨은. rising: 기립, 상승, 오르는, 승진하는,
dawning: 동쪽, 새벽, 여명, 동녁, hindermost: 맨뒤의, 최후부의, 가장 기상, 올라가는, 오르막의, 종기,
조짐, 징조, 출현, 새벽녘, 시작, 뒤쪽의. 이상의, 에 가까운, 뾰루지.
여명기. mood: 기분, 법, 마음, 음계법, slope: 경사지다, 경사도, 비탈,
dew: 이슬이 내리다, 이슬방울, 이슬로 시무룩함, 선법, 서법, 일시적인 기분, 경사면, 경사지게 하다, 경사,
적시다, 이슬이 내리다-이슬로 변덕스러움, 방법, 논식. 달아나다, 어깨 총의 자세, 자체의
적시다, 이슬이 내린다, 이슬, 신선함, mow: 베다, 건초 곳간, 건초 더미, 기울기.
이슬로 젖다. 깎다, 쓰러뜨리다, 건초 두는 곳, wheat: 밀.
 Homer 147

beheld them, for she was the only god that went among them; the others were
not there, but stayed quietly each in his own home among the dells and valleys
of Olympus. All of them blamed the son of Saturn for wanting to give victory to
the Trojans, but father Jove heeded them not: he held aloof from all, and sat apart
in his all-glorious majesty, looking down upon the city of the Trojans, the ships
of the Achaeans, the gleam of bronze, and alike upon the slayers and on the
slain.%
Now so long as the day waxed and it was still morning, their darts rained
thick on one another and the people perished, but as the hour drew nigh when a
woodman working in some mountain forest will get his midday meal—for he
has felled till his hands are weary; he is tired out, and must now have food—
then the Danaans with a cry that rang through all their ranks, broke the
battalions of the enemy. Agamemnon led them on, and slew first Bienor, a leader
of his people, and afterwards his comrade and charioteer Oileus, who sprang
from his chariot and was coming full towards him; but Agamemnon struck him
on the forehead with his spear; his bronze visor was of no avail against the
weapon, which pierced both bronze and bone, so that his brains were battered
in and he was killed in full fight.
Agamemnon stripped their shirts from off them and left them with their
breasts all bare to lie where they had fallen. He then went on to kill Isus and
Antiphus two sons of Priam, the one a bastard, the other born in wedlock; they
were in the same chariot—the bastard driving, while noble Antiphus fought
beside him. Achilles had once taken both of them prisoners in the glades of Ida,
and had bound them with fresh withes as they were shepherding, but he had
taken a ransom for them; now, however, Agamemnon son of Atreus smote Isus
in the chest above the nipple with his spear, while he struck Antiphus hard by
the ear and threw him from his chariot. Forthwith he stripped their goodly
armour from off them and recognized them, for he had already seen them at
ships when Achilles brought them in from Ida. As a lion fastens on the fawns of a
hind and crushes them in his great jaws, robbing them of their tender life while
he on his way back to his lair—the hind can do nothing for them even though

Korean
bare: 닳아빠진, 노골적인, 결핍된, 공부하는 사람. 제출하다, 입찰하다, 부속선, 감시인,
써서 낡은, 알몸의, 부족한, 노출된, felled: 경사지는, 함락되는, 공그르는, 입찰, 제공, 친절한, 탄수차.
이 없는, 장식없는, 벗기다, 드러낸. 구르는, 나빠지는, 내려가는, 내리는, wanting: 모자라는, 부족한, 지혜가
battered: 오래 써서 낡은, 지쳐서 넘어가는, 분류되는, 쓰러지는, 모자라는, 이 없이.
초라해진, 박살난, 박사난. 아래를 향하는. weapon: 무기, 병기, 흉기, 공격의
blamed: 지긋지긋한, 빌어먹을, hind: 머슴, 고라니의 암컷, 농장 일꾼, 수단, 무장하다.
천벌받을, 빌어먹을 몹시, 지겹게. 뒤의, 시골뜨기, 맨뒤의, 암사슴, wedlock: 결혼, 결혼 생활.
bone: 뼈, 해골, 골격, 뼈로만든것, 후부의. woodman: 나무꾼, 숲에서 사는 사람,
골분 비료를 주다-공부만 들이 파다, midday: 정오, 대낮, 대낮의. 영림서원, 산림 보호관.
몸-뼈를발라내다, 시체, 철저히, 줄의 recognized: 인정하는.
맨 끝에 있는 사람, 주사위, 열심히 tender: 허약한, 간호인, 부드러운,
148 The Iliad

she be close by, for she is in an agony of fear, and flies through the thick forest,
sweating, and at her utmost speed before the mighty monster—so, no man of the
Trojans could help Isus and Antiphus, for they were themselves flying panic
before the Argives.%
Then King Agamemnon took the two sons of Antimachus, Pisander and
brave Hippolochus. It was Antimachus who had been foremost in preventing
Helen’s being restored to Menelaus, for he was largely bribed by Alexandrus;
and now Agamemnon took his two sons, both in the same chariot, trying to bring
their horses to a stand—for they had lost hold of the reins and the horses were
mad with fear. The son of Atreus sprang upon them like a lion, and the pair
besought him from their chariot. “Take us alive,” they cried, “son of Atreus, and
you shall receive a great ransom for us. Our father Antimachus has great store of
gold, bronze, and wrought iron, and from this he will satisfy you with a very
large ransom should he hear of our being alive at the ships of the Achaeans.”
With such piteous words and tears did they beseech the king, but they heard
no pitiful answer in return. “If,” said Agamemnon, “you are sons of
Antimachus, who once at a council of Trojans proposed that Menelaus and
Ulysses, who had come to you as envoys, should be killed and not suffered to
return, you shall now pay for the foul iniquity of your father.”
As he spoke he felled Pisander from his chariot to the earth, smiting him on
the chest with his spear, so that he lay face uppermost upon the ground.
Hippolochus fled, but him too did Agamemnon smite; he cut off his hands and
his head—which he sent rolling in among the crowd as though it were a ball.
There he let them both lie, and wherever the ranks were thickest thither he flew,
while the other Achaeans followed. Foot soldiers drove the foot soldiers of the
foe in rout before them, and slew them; horsemen did the like by horsemen, and
the thundering tramp of the horses raised a cloud of dust from off the plain. King
Agamemnon followed after, ever slaying them and cheering on the Achaeans. As
when some mighty forest is all ablaze—the eddying gusts whirl fire in all
directions till the thickets shrivel and are consumed before the blast of the
flame—even so fell the heads of the flying Trojans before Agamemnon son of

Korean
agony: 희비의 극치, 단말마의 괴로움, 엉클어지다. 최고위에, 최상에, 최고의, 맨 먼저
고뇌, 고통, 그리스도의 고통, 심한 iniquity: 부정, 부정행위, 죄악, 죄, 마음에 떠오르는, 맨 앞에, 맨 위에,
고통, 죽음의 고통, 감정의 격발, 불법. 맨 먼저.
격발. pitiful: 불쌍한, 인정 많은, 비루한, wherever: 대체 어디에, 어디에 든지,
crowd: 패거리, 군중, 다수, 떼쓰다, 가련하게 여겨야 할, 인정이 많은, 어디로 든지, 대체 어디로, 대체
부대, 군집하다, 들어차게 하다, 꽉 불쌍히 여겨야 할, 동정심이 많은. 어디에서, 어디든지.
들어차다, 녀석, 몰려들다, shrivel: 시들다, 주름살지게 하다, whirl: 혼란, 선회, 소용돌이,
밀치락달치락하며 들어가다. 주름살지다, 주름지게 하다, 현기증나다, 빙빙 돌리다, 빙빙돌다,
foul: 반칙, 엉클어진, 더럽히다, 주름지다. 잇따라 일어나는 일, 질주하다, 차로
더러운, 더러워지다, 반칙하다, uppermost: 최상의, 최초로, 가장 눈에 신속히 운반한다, 현기증이 나다,
꽉막힌, 악취있는, 충돌하다, 반칙의, 띄는, 맨먼저 마음에 떠오르는, 회전.
 Homer 149

Atreus, and many a noble pair of steeds drew an empty chariot along the
highways of war, for lack of drivers who were lying on the plain, more useful
now to vultures than to their wives.%
Jove drew Hector away from the darts and dust, with the carnage and din of
battle; but the son of Atreus sped onwards, calling out lustily to the Danaans.
They flew on by the tomb of old Ilus, son of Dardanus, in the middle of the plain,
and past the place of the wild fig-tree making always for the city—the son of
Atreus still shouting, and with hands all bedrabbled in gore; but when they had
reached the Scaean gates and the oak tree, there they halted and waited for the
others to come up. Meanwhile the Trojans kept on flying over the middle of the
plain like a herd of cows maddened with fright when a lion has attacked them in
the dead of night—he springs on one of them, seizes her neck in the grip of his
strong teeth and then laps up her blood and gorges himself upon her entrails—
even so did King Agamemnon son of Atreus pursue the foe, ever slaughtering
the hindmost as they fled pell-mell before him. Many a man was flung headlong
from his chariot by the hand of the son of Atreus, for he wielded his spear with
fury.
But when he was just about to reach the high wall and the city, the father of
gods and men came down from heaven and took his seat, thunderbolt in hand,
upon the crest of many-fountained Ida. He then told Iris of the golden wings to
carry a message for him. “Go,” said he, “fleet Iris, and speak thus to Hector—say
that so long as he sees Agamemnon heading his men and making havoc of the
Trojan ranks, he is to keep aloof and bid the others bear the brunt of the battle,
but when Agamemnon is wounded either by spear or arrow, and takes to his
chariot, then will I vouchsafe him strength to slay till he reach the ships and
night falls at the going down of the sun.”
Iris hearkened and obeyed. Down she went to strong Ilius from the crests of
Ida, and found Hector son of Priam standing by his chariot and horses. Then she
said, “Hector son of Priam, peer of gods in counsel, father Jove has sent me to
bear you this message—so long as you see Agamemnon heading his men and
making havoc of the Trojan ranks, you are to keep aloof and bid the others bear

Korean
bear: 곰, 견디다, 가지다, 지니다, 사로잡다, 불유쾌. 뻗침, 범위, 에 닿다, 강의 두 굽이
덮치다, 하기에 족하다, 받치다, heading: 헤딩, 표제, 제목, 비행방향, 사이의 유역, 곶.
나르다, 난폭자, 배겨내다, 지탱하다. 수평갱, 순치기, 연재, 목베기, 방향. shouting: 외침, 환호, 고함 소리.
carnage: 대학살, 학살. lustily: 튼튼하게. standing: 지위, 상비의, 서 있음,
empty: 배고픈, 공허한, 빈, 비우다, message: 통신, 신탁, 전언, 대통령 영구적인, 존속, 괴어 있는, 명성,
무의미한, 비어있는, 비다, 에 교서, 소식, 예언자가 전하는 신탁, 입목, 관에 박힌, 베지 않은, 서 있는.
흘러들다, 물 등을 내보내다, 옮기다, 통신하다, 용무, 신호하다, tree: 나무, 나무를 달다, 수목, 골을
없는. 심부름꾼이 맡은 용무, 대통령의 끼다, 가꼐도, 계통수, 목제품, 궁지에
grip: 손잡이, 핸들, 핸드백, 잡기, 교서. 몰아 넣다, 나무 위로 쫓다, 수목
이해하다, 암호적인 악수, 쥐는 기계, reach: 내밀다, 도착하다, 퍼지다, 모양의 것, 크리스마스 트리.
소형 여행가방, 고착하다, 마음을 도달하다, 움직이다, 에 이르다, 손을 wings: 공군 기장.
150 The Iliad

the brunt of the battle, but when Agamemnon is wounded either by spear or
arrow, and takes to his chariot, then will Jove vouchsafe you strength to slay till
you reach the ships, and till night falls at the going down of the sun.”
When she had thus spoken Iris left him, and Hector sprang full armed from
his chariot to the ground, brandishing his spear as he went about everywhere
among the host, cheering his men on to fight, and stirring the dread strife of
battle. The Trojans then wheeled round, and again met the Achaeans, while the
Argives on their part strengthened their battalions. The battle was now in array
and they stood face to face with one another, Agamemnon ever pressing forward
in his eagerness to be ahead of all others.%
Tell me now ye Muses that dwell in the mansions of Olympus, who, whether
of the Trojans or of their allies, was first to face Agamemnon? It was Iphidamas
son of Antenor, a man both brave and of great stature, who was brought up in
fertile Thrace, the mother of sheep. Cisses, his mother’s father, brought him up in
his own house when he was a child—Cisses, father to fair Theano. When he
reached manhood, Cisses would have kept him there, and was for giving him his
daughter in marriage, but as soon as he had married he set out to fight the
Achaeans with twelve ships that followed him: these he had left at Percote and
had come on by land to Ilius. He it was that now met Agamemnon son of Atreus.
When they were close up with one another, the son of Atreus missed his aim,
and Iphidamas hit him on the girdle below the cuirass and then flung himself
upon him, trusting to his strength of arm; the girdle, however, was not pierced,
nor nearly so, for the point of the spear struck against the silver and was turned
aside as though it had been lead: King Agamemnon caught it from his hand, and
drew it towards him with the fury of a lion; he then drew his sword, and killed
Iphidamas by striking him on the neck. So there the poor fellow lay, sleeping a
sleep as it were of bronze, killed in the defence of his fellow-citizens, far from his
wedded wife, of whom he had had no joy though he had given much for her: he
had given a hundred-head of cattle down, and had promised later on to give a
thousand sheep and goats mixed, from the countless flocks of which he was

Korean
ahead: 앞서서, 앞질러, 나아가, 이겨, everywhere: 어디에나, 도처에, 모든
우세하여, 앞으로, 앞에, 암페타민 곳.
상용자, 앞쪽에. hit: 히트, 치다, 안타, 우연히
aim: 겨누다, 노리다, 뜻하다, 목표로 발견하다, 타격, 명언, 부닥치다, 에
하다, 할 작정이다, 겨냥, 겨냥하다, 공교롭게 부닥치다, 요구하다, 생각이
목적, 목표 삼다, 빗대어 말하다. 미치다, 빗댐.
arm: 팔, 무기, 문장, 군사, 명과, joy: 즐거움, 기쁨, 기뻐하다, 기쁘게
까치발, 병기, 후미, 팔걸이, 팔 하다, 기쁨거리, 행복, 기쁘게 해주다,
보양의 것, 큰 가지. 기쁨을 주는 것.
countless: 무수한, 셀 수 없이 많은, lay: 놓다, 위치, 직업, 일, 지형, 노래,
셀수 없는, 셀 수 없는. 속인의, 꼬인자리, 고정시키다,
과하다, 넘어뜨리다.
manhood: 남자임, 남자다움, 인간임,
성년 남자 전체, 남성기, 성년, 인격,
인성, 성인, 성인 남자.
marriage: 결혼, 결혼식, 밀접한 결합,
결혼 생활, 매리지, 결혼생활.
married: 결혼한, 부부의, 기혼자,
기혼의.
trusting: 믿는, 사람을 의심하지 않는,
믿고있는, 남을 의심하지 않는.
 Homer 151

possessed. Agamemnon son of Atreus then despoiled him, and carried off his
armour into the host of the Achaeans.%
When noble Coon, Antenor’s eldest son, saw this, sore indeed were his eyes
at the sight of his fallen brother. Unseen by Agamemnon he got beside him,
spear in hand, and wounded him in the middle of his arm below the elbow, the
point of the spear going right through the arm. Agamemnon was convulsed with
pain, but still not even for this did he leave off struggling and fighting, but
grasped his spear that flew as fleet as the wind, and sprang upon Coon who was
trying to drag off the body of his brother—his father’s son—by the foot, and was
crying for help to all the bravest of his comrades; but Agamemnon struck him
with a bronze-shod spear and killed him as he was dragging the dead body
through the press of men under cover of his shield: he then cut off his head,
standing over the body of Iphidamas. Thus did the sons of Antenor meet their
fate at the hands of the son of Atreus, and go down into the house of Hades.
As long as the blood still welled warm from his wound Agamemnon went
about attacking the ranks of the enemy with spear and sword and with great
handfuls of stone, but when the blood had ceased to flow and the wound grew
dry, the pain became great. As the sharp pangs which the Eilithuiae, goddesses
of childbirth, daughters of Juno and dispensers of cruel pain, send upon a
woman when she is in labour—even so sharp were the pangs of the son of
Atreus. He sprang on to his chariot, and bade his charioteer drive to the ships,
for he was in great agony. With a loud clear voice he shouted to the Danaans,
“My friends, princes and counsellors of the Argives, defend the ships yourselves,
for Jove has not suffered me to fight the whole day through against the Trojans.”
With this the charioteer turned his horses towards the ships, and they flew
forward nothing loth. Their chests were white with foam and their bellies with
dust, as they drew the wounded king out of the battle.
When Hector saw Agamemnon quit the field, he shouted to the Trojans and
Lycians saying, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanian warriors, be men, my friends,
and acquit yourselves in battle bravely; their best man has left them, and Jove

Korean
brother: 형제, 동포, 동료, 친구, 동지, 내뿜으며 화내다, 거품을 일으키며 갑자기, 날카롭게, 무성음의, 반음
우방 군주, 여보게. 흘러가다, 거품을 일으키며 흘러들다, 높은, 드높은, 빠른, 새된, 선명한.
childbirth: 분만, 해산. 거품이 인 땀, 거품 이는 바다, sight: 시계, 봄, 구경거리, 시각, 일견,
dry: 마른, 마르다, 말리다, 건조한, 구슬땀을 흘리다. 시력, 목격, 웃음거리, 힐끗봄, 광경,
쌀쌀한, 바싹마른, 무미건조한, possessed: 침착한, 홀린, 미친, 경치.
가무는, 냉담한, 널다, 적나라한. 흘려버린. struggling: 분투하는, 생활고와
flow: 흐름, 유출량, 범람시키다, 밀물, quit: 그만두다, 사퇴하다, 포기하다, 싸우는, 기를쓰는, 발버둥치는,
밀다, 많이있다, 쓸리다, 흐르게하다, 놓아버리다, 면하여, 자유로와, 노력하는.
흐르다, 머리칼이 늘어지다, 냇물. 떠나다, 떠나가다, 일을 중지하다, 일 unseen: 눈에 보이지 않는,
foam: 거품, 바다, 거품을 일게 하다, 따위를 그만두다, 용서받은. 보이지않는, 본적이없는, 아직 본
거품을 내뿜다, 거품이 일다, 거품을 sharp: 날카로운, 활발한, 교활한, 일이 없는, 즉석의, 보이지 않는 것.
152 The Iliad

has vouchsafed me a great triumph; charge the foe with your chariots that you
may win still greater glory.”
With these words he put heart and soul into them all, and as a huntsman
hounds his dogs on against a lion or wild boar, even so did Hector, peer of Mars,
hound the proud Trojans on against the Achaeans. Full of hope he plunged in
among the foremost, and fell on the fight like some fierce tempest that swoops
down upon the sea, and lashes its deep blue waters into fury.%
What, then is the full tale of those whom Hector son of Priam killed in the
hour of triumph which Jove then vouchsafed him? First Asaeus, Autonous, and
Opites; Dolops son of Clytius, Opheltius and Agelaus; Aesymnus, Orus and
Hipponous steadfast in battle; these chieftains of the Achaeans did Hector slay,
and then he fell upon the rank and file. As when the west wind hustles the
clouds of the white south and beats them down with the fierceness of its fury—
the waves of the sea roll high, and the spray is flung aloft in the rage of the
wandering wind—even so thick were the heads of them that fell by the hand of
Hector.
All had then been lost and no help for it, and the Achaeans would have fled
pell-mell to their ships, had not Ulysses cried out to Diomed, “Son of Tydeus,
what has happened to us that we thus forget our prowess? Come, my good
fellow, stand by my side and help me, we shall be shamed for ever if Hector
takes the ships.”
And Diomed answered, “Come what may, I will stand firm; but we shall
have scant joy of it, for Jove is minded to give victory to the Trojans rather than
to us.”
With these words he struck Thymbraeus from his chariot to the ground,
smiting him in the left breast with his spear, while Ulysses killed Molion who
was his squire. These they let lie, now that they had stopped their fighting; the
two heroes then went on playing havoc with the foe, like two wild boars that
turn in fury and rend the hounds that hunt them. Thus did they turn upon the
Trojans and slay them, and the Achaeans were thankful to have breathing time in
their flight from Hector.
Korean
file: 파일, 서류철, 명부, 철하다, 사냥을 하다, 사냥에 쓰다, 추적하다, 모양의 장식.
퇴고하다, 목록, 정리카드, 철하기, 괴롭히다, 박해하다, 쫓아 버리다, tale: 이야기, 총수, 거짓말, 험담, 전체,
세로줄, 줄, 파일북. 쫑아 버리다. 수, 소문, 비밀을 퍼뜨리다, 고자질,
flight: 날기, 도주, 비행, 패주, 고양, roll: 굴리다, 구르다, 굽이치다, 감다, 계산, 객담.
경과, 우주여행, 항공여행, 비행술, 두루마리, 늘어지다, 롤러로 고르다, tempest: 대소동, 사나운비바람,
떼, 떼지어 날다. 소용돌이 무늬, 연타, 좌우로 폭풍우, 대폭풍우, 대폭설, 몹시
forget: 잊다, 잊어버리다, 게을리하다, 흔들리다, 희번덕거리다. 사나워지게 하다.
잊고 두고오다, 깜빡 잊다, 말할 것을 spray: 물보라, 분무기, 작은 가지, wandering: 만유, 헛소리, 헤매는,
잊다, 잊고 두고가다. 흡입기, 안개를 뿜다, 물보라를 어슬렁어슬렁 걷기, 옆길로새는,
greater: 대. 일으키다, 산탄을 퍼붓다, 가지 무늬, 두서없는, 방랑, 산책, 꾸불꾸불한,
hunt: 찾다, 사냥, 사냥하다, 몰이하다, 퍼붓다, 가지 모양의 무늬, 가지 돌아다니는, 방랑하여.
 Homer 153

They then took two princes with their chariot, the two sons of Merops of
Percote, who excelled all others in the arts of divination. He had forbidden his
sons to go to the war, but they would not obey him, for fate lured them to their
fall. Diomed son of Tydeus slew them both and stripped them of their armour,
while Ulysses killed Hippodamus and Hypeirochus.%
And now the son of Saturn as he looked down from Ida ordained that neither
side should have the advantage, and they kept on killing one another. The son of
Tydeus speared Agastrophus son of Paeon in the hip-joint with his spear. His
chariot was not at hand for him to fly with, so blindly confident had he been.
His squire was in charge of it at some distance and he was fighting on foot
among the foremost until he lost his life. Hector soon marked the havoc Diomed
and Ulysses were making, and bore down upon them with a loud cry, followed
by the Trojan ranks; brave Diomed was dismayed when he saw them, and said to
Ulysses who was beside him, “Great Hector is bearing down upon us and we
shall be undone; let us stand firm and wait his onset.”
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it, nor did he miss his mark. He
had aimed at Hector’s head near the top of his helmet, but bronze was turned by
bronze, and Hector was untouched, for the spear was stayed by the visored helm
made with three plates of metal, which Phoebus Apollo had given him. Hector
sprang back with a great bound under cover of the ranks; he fell on his knees and
propped himself with his brawny hand leaning on the ground, for darkness had
fallen on his eyes. The son of Tydeus having thrown his spear dashed in among
the foremost fighters, to the place where he had seen it strike the ground;
meanwhile Hector recovered himself and springing back into his chariot
mingled with the crowd, by which means he saved his life. But Diomed made at
him with his spear and said, “Dog, you have again got away though death was
close on your heels. Phoebus Apollo, to whom I ween you pray ere you go into
battle, has again saved you, nevertheless I will meet you and make an end of
you hereafter, if there is any god who will stand by me too and be my helper. For
the present I must pursue those I can lay hands on.”

Korean
blindly: 맹목적으로, 무턱대고. helm: 키, 자루, 지도, 지도하다, 키를 phoebus: 태양, 태양신, 해, 포이보스.
confident: 자부심이 강한, 대담한, 잡다, 의 키를 다루다, 지배권, 지배. recovered: 회복한, 병 등에서 회복한.
막역한 벗, 확신하고, 자신 만만한, leaning: 경향, 경사, 기호. strike: 때리다, 치다, 찌어내다,
확신하여, 친구, 자신있는, 자신을 metal: 금속, 밤자갈, 소질, 레일, 에 부딪다, 발견하다, 느끼게 하다,
가진, 독단적인, 확신하고 있는. 금속을 입히다, 궤조, 도로에 까는 뜻밖에 만나다, 푹 찌르다, 맞히다,
dashed: 괘씸한, 굉장히, 낙심한, 의기 자갈, 도로에 자갈을 깔다, 자갈을 가하다, 공격하다.
소침한, 지독히. 깔다, 지금. undone: 풀어진, 파멸한, 하지않은
distance: 거리, 간격, 능가하다, 사이, mingled: 섞는, 뒤섞이는. 미완성의, 하지 않은, 푼, 영락한.
앞 지르다, 사이를 두다, 먼데 사이를 nevertheless: 그럼에도불구하고, untouched: 언급되지 않은, 손대지
두다, 앞지르다, 먼 데, 먼 거리, 그래도 역시, 그렇지 마는, 역시, 않은, 감동되지 않은, 논급되지 않은.
간격을 두다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 그렇지만.
154 The Iliad

As%he spoke he began stripping the spoils from the son of Paeon, but
Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen aimed an arrow at him, leaning against a
pillar of the monument which men had raised to Ilus son of Dardanus, a ruler in
days of old. Diomed had taken the cuirass from off the breast of Agastrophus, his
heavy helmet also, and the shield from off his shoulders, when Paris drew his
bow and let fly an arrow that sped not from his hand in vain, but pierced the flat
of Diomed’s right foot, going right through it and fixing itself in the ground.
Thereon Paris with a hearty laugh sprang forward from his hiding-place, and
taunted him saying, “You are wounded—my arrow has not been shot in vain;
would that it had hit you in the belly and killed you, for thus the Trojans, who
fear you as goats fear a lion, would have had a truce from evil.”
Diomed all undaunted answered, “Archer, you who without your bow are
nothing, slanderer and seducer, if you were to be tried in single combat fighting
in full armour, your bow and your arrows would serve you in little stead. Vain is
your boast in that you have scratched the sole of my foot. I care no more than if a
girl or some silly boy had hit me. A worthless coward can inflict but a light
wound; when I wound a man though I but graze his skin it is another matter, for
my weapon will lay him low. His wife will tear her cheeks for grief and his
children will be fatherless: there will he rot, reddening the earth with his blood,
and vultures, not women, will gather round him.”
Thus he spoke, but Ulysses came up and stood over him. Under this cover he
sat down to draw the arrow from his foot, and sharp was the pain he suffered as
he did so. Then he sprang on to his chariot and bade the charioteer drive him to
the ships, for he was sick at heart.
Ulysses was now alone; not one of the Argives stood by him, for they were all
panic-stricken. “Alas,” said he to himself in his dismay, “what will become of
me? It is ill if I turn and fly before these odds, but it will be worse if I am left
alone and taken prisoner, for the son of Saturn has struck the rest of the Danaans
with panic. But why talk to myself in this way? Well do I know that though
cowards quit the field, a hero, whether he wound or be wounded, must stand
firm and hold his own.”

Korean
fixing: 고정, 설비, 정착, 비품, 설치, odds: 가망, 우열의 차, 차이, 가능성, reddening: 붉어지는 것.
조정. 불평등, 상대방보다 돈을 더 많이 seducer: 유혹하다, 꾀어내다,
graze: 스치기, 찰과상, 목초, 풀을 걸기, 싸움, 은혜, 내기에서 부추기다, 황홀케하다, 유혹자.
먹이다, 스치다, 스쳐 벗기다, 목축, 상대방보다 돈을 더 많이 걸기. sick: 창백한, 병의, 병자용의,
약간 닿다, 생풀을 먹다, 생풀을 pillar: 기둥, 주석, 기둥 모양의 것, 욕지기가 나는, 그리워하는, 넌더리
먹이다, 스쳐 지나가다. 기둥 모양의 우체통, 기둥으로 나는, 상태가 좋지 않은, 싫증이 나는,
hearty: 친절한, 튼튼한, 받치다, 붉은 기둥 모양의 우체통. 토하다, 병자의, 싫증이 나서.
마음으로부터의, 배부른, 풍부한, prisoner: 죄수, 포로, 붙잡힌 slanderer: 헐뜯는 사람.
열심인, 원기왕성한 사람, 충분한, 사람모르고 잡아두다, 자유를 빼앗긴 undaunted: 용감한, 불굴의, 겁내지
친구, 마음속으로부터의, 활기찬. 사람, 죄인, 자유를 빼앗긴 것, 붙잡힌 않은, 겁내지 않는.
hiding-place: 은신처. 것, 붙잡힌 사람.
 Homer 155

While he was thus in two minds, the ranks of the Trojans advanced and
hemmed him in, and bitterly did they come to rue it. As hounds and lusty
youths set upon a wild boar that sallies from his lair whetting his white tusks—
they attack him from every side and can hear the gnashing of his jaws, but for all
his fierceness they still hold their ground—even so furiously did the Trojans
attack Ulysses. First he sprang spear in hand upon Deiopites and wounded him
on the shoulder with a downward blow; then he killed Thoon and Ennomus.
After these he struck Chersidamas in the loins under his shield as he had just
sprung down from his chariot; so he fell in the dust and clutched the earth in the
hollow of his hand. These he let lie, and went on to wound Charops son of
Hippasus own brother to noble Socus. Socus, hero that he was, made all speed to
help him, and when he was close to Ulysses he said, “Far-famed Ulysses,
insatiable of craft and toil, this day you shall either boast of having killed both
the sons of Hippasus and stripped them of their armour, or you shall fall before
my spear.”%
With these words he struck the shield of Ulysses. The spear went through the
shield and passed on through his richly wrought cuirass, tearing the flesh from
his side, but Pallas Minerva did not suffer it to pierce the entrails of the hero.
Ulysses knew that his hour was not yet come, but he gave ground and said to
Socus, “Wretch, you shall now surely die. You have stayed me from fighting
further with the Trojans, but you shall now fall by my spear, yielding glory to
myself, and your soul to Hades of the noble steeds.”
Socus had turned in flight, but as he did so, the spear struck him in the back
midway between the shoulders, and went right through his chest. He fell heavily
to the ground and Ulysses vaunted over him saying, “O Socus, son of Hippasus
tamer of horses, death has been too quick for you and you have not escaped him:
poor wretch, not even in death shall your father and mother close your eyes, but
the ravening vultures shall enshroud you with the flapping of their dark wings
and devour you. Whereas even though I fall the Achaeans will give me my due
rites of burial.”

Korean
advanced: 고등의, 진보적인, 전진한, enshroud: 수의를 입히다, lair: 숨는 장소, 쉬는 장소, 야수의 굴,
진보의, 진보한, 많이 경과한, 진본한, 덮어가리다, 싸다. 침상, 굴, 야생 짐승의 굴.
많은. entrails: 내장, 내부. loins: 허리, 허리부분.
clutched: 초조한, 긴장한. flapping: 상하 방향의 회전 운동. lusty: 튼튼한, 원기 왕성한.
craft: 기능, 기술, 간지, 기교, 선박, hollow: 구멍, 우묵한 곳, 공허한, ravening: 먹이를 찾아다니는,
교활, 동업자들, 직업, 동업 조합, 골짜기, 거짓의, 도려내다, 속이 텅빈, 탐욕스러운, 게걸스럽게 먹는,
교묘함, 교묘. 우묵 들어가다, 힘없는, 우묵 들어간, 탐욕스런.
downward: 아래쪽으로, 내려가는, 공복의. tamer: 길들이는 사람.
이후, 이래, 쇠잔하여, 쇠미한, insatiable: 탐욕스러운, 만족할줄 vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
내리받이의, 이후의, 아래쪽으로의, 모르는, 물릴 줄 모르는, 탐욕한, wretch: 불운한 사람, 나쁜놈, 철면피,
쇠퇴하여, 아래로 향한. 만족할 줄 모르는. 놈, 가련한 사람.
156 The Iliad

So%saying he drew Socus’s heavy spear out of his flesh and from his shield,
and the blood welled forth when the spear was withdrawn so that he was much
dismayed. When the Trojans saw that Ulysses was bleeding they raised a great
shout and came on in a body towards him; he therefore gave ground, and called
his comrades to come and help him. Thrice did he cry as loudly as man can cry,
and thrice did brave Menelaus hear him; he turned, therefore, to Ajax who was
close beside him and said, “Ajax, noble son of Telamon, captain of your people,
the cry of Ulysses rings in my ears, as though the Trojans had cut him off and
were worsting him while he is single-handed. Let us make our way through the
throng; it will be well that we defend him; I fear he may come to harm for all his
valour if he be left without support, and the Danaans would miss him sorely.”
He led the way and mighty Ajax went with him. The Trojans had gathered
round Ulysses like ravenous mountain jackals round the carcase of some horned
stag that has been hit with an arrow—the stag has fled at full speed so long as his
blood was warm and his strength has lasted, but when the arrow has overcome
him, the savage jackals devour him in the shady glades of the forest. Then
heaven sends a fierce lion thither, whereon the jackals fly in terror and the lion
robs them of their prey—even so did Trojans many and brave gather round
crafty Ulysses, but the hero stood at bay and kept them off with his spear. Ajax
then came up with his shield before him like a wall, and stood hard by, whereon
the Trojans fled in all directions. Menelaus took Ulysses by the hand, and led him
out of the press while his squire brought up his chariot, but Ajax rushed
furiously on the Trojans and killed Doryclus, a bastard son of Priam; then he
wounded Pandocus, Lysandrus, Pyrasus, and Pylartes; as some swollen torrent
comes rushing in full flood from the mountains on to the plain, big with the rain
of heaven—many a dry oak and many a pine does it engulf, and much mud
does it bring down and cast into the sea—even so did brave Ajax chase the foe
furiously over the plain, slaying both men and horses.
Hector did not yet know what Ajax was doing, for he was fighting on the
extreme left of the battle by the banks of the river Scamander, where the carnage
was thickest and the war-cry loudest round Nestor and brave Idomeneus.

Korean
bay: 만, 궁지, 월계수, 후미, 월계관, engulf: 삼키다, 빨아들이다, 던져 극복해 내다.
짖어대며 덤비다, 소리지르다, 영예, 넣다, 들이키다, 휘말아들이다, pine: 소나무, 수척해지다, 갈망하다,
짖는 소리, 쫓겨서 몰린 상태-짖다, 심연에 던지다. 그재목, 몹시 그리다, 애타게 그리다.
밤색의. mud: 진흙, 보수적이다, 발전이 없다, ravenous: 굶주린, 게걸든, 게걸스럽게
bleeding: 출혈, 방혈, 엄청난, 진창. 먹는, 탐욕스런, 마구 먹어대는.
출혈하는, 피나는 느낌의. overcome: 이겨내다, 극복하다, rushing: 러닝 플레이로 나아간 거리,
captain: 주장, 장, 육군대위, 함장, 압도하다, 지치다, 곤란 따위를 러싱.
선장, 의 장이 되다, 우두머리, 거물, 이겨내다, 약화시키다, 극복해 내다, shady: 수상한, 희미한, 뒤가 구린,
지휘자, 명장, 해군 대령. 나쁜 버릇 따위를 이겨내다, 나쁜 그늘의, 좋지않은, 그늘이 많은,
crafty: 교활한, 교묘한, 간사한, 나쁜 버릇 따위를 극복해 내다, 곤란 떳떳하지 못한, 드러내 놓을 수 없는.
꾀가 많은, 간사하게. 따위를 극복해 내다, 적 따위를
 Homer 157

Among these Hector was making great slaughter with his spear and furious
driving, and was destroying the ranks that were opposed to him; still the
Achaeans would have given no ground, had not Alexandrus husband of lovely
Helen stayed the prowess of Machaon, shepherd of his people, by wounding him
in the right shoulder with a triple-barbed arrow. The Achaeans were in great
fear that as the fight had turned against them the Trojans might take him
prisoner, and Idomeneus said to Nestor, “Nestor son of Neleus, honour to the
Achaean name, mount your chariot at once; take Machaon with you and drive
your horses to the ships as fast as you can. A physician is worth more than
several other men put together, for he can cut out arrows and spread healing
herbs.”
Nestor knight of Gerene did as Idomeneus had counselled; he at once
mounted his chariot, and Machaon son of the famed physician Aesculapius,
went with him. He lashed his horses and they flew onward nothing loth towards
the ships, as though of their own free will.%
Then Cebriones seeing the Trojans in confusion said to Hector from his place
beside him, “Hector, here are we two fighting on the extreme wing of the battle,
while the other Trojans are in pell-mell rout, they and their horses. Ajax son of
Telamon is driving them before him; I know him by the breadth of his shield: let
us turn our chariot and horses thither, where horse and foot are fighting most
desperately, and where the cry of battle is loudest.”
With this he lashed his goodly steeds, and when they felt the whip they drew
the chariot full speed among the Achaeans and Trojans, over the bodies and
shields of those that had fallen: the axle was bespattered with blood, and the rail
round the car was covered with splashes both from the horses’ hoofs and from
the tyres of the wheels. Hector tore his way through and flung himself into the
thick of the fight, and his presence threw the Danaans into confusion, for his
spear was not long idle; nevertheless though he went among the ranks with
sword and spear, and throwing great stones, he avoided Ajax son of Telamon,
for Jove would have been angry with him if he had fought a better man than
himself.

Korean
breadth: 폭, 넓은도량, 나비, 넓이, 말석, 걸음. 총의 자세, 어깨에 해당하는 부분,
넓음, 외연, 전체 효과, 퍼짐, 폭으로 husband: 남편, 절약하다, 절약가, 어깨로 밀다, 짊어지다, 어깨살, 을
재는 물건, 관용, 너비. 남편이 되다, 검약하다. 어깨로 밀다, 어깨 같은 것, 을 어깨로
desperately: 필사적으로, 절망적으로, opposed: 반대의, 적대하는, 대립된, 밀치다, 견각.
지독하게, 생각다 못해, 몹시, 반대하는. speed: 성공, 속력, 급히 가다, 각성제,
자포자기하여. rail: 가로장, 레일, 철도, 울타리, 궤조, 속도, 번영, 신속, 빠르기, 질주하다,
fear: 경외하다, 무서워하다, 걱정하다, 난간, 문란하여, 현장의 윗부분, 궤도, 변속장치, 성공하다.
공포, 두려움, 경외, 걱정, 근심, 흰눈썹뜸부기류, 비웃다. wing: 날개, 비행, 날수 있게 하다,
근심하다, 망설이다, 무서움. seeing: 이므로, 인 사실을 생각하면, 속력을 내게 하다, 비행단, 항공 배지,
foot: 발, 운각, 보병, 최하부, 아랫 봄. 팔에 상처를 입히다, 새, 날개 모양을
부분, 산기슭, 발부분, 딛다, 걷다, shoulder: 어깨, 어깨고기, 어깨에 한물건, 날아가다, 날다.
158 The Iliad

Then%father Jove from his high throne struck fear into the heart of Ajax, so
that he stood there dazed and threw his shield behind him—looking fearfully at
the throng of his foes as though he were some wild beast, and turning hither and
thither but crouching slowly backwards. As peasants with their hounds chase a
lion from their stockyard, and watch by night to prevent his carrying off the pick
of their herd—he makes his greedy spring, but in vain, for the darts from many a
strong hand fall thick around him, with burning brands that scare him for all his
fury, and when morning comes he slinks foiled and angry away—even so did
Ajax, sorely against his will, retreat angrily before the Trojans, fearing for the
ships of the Achaeans. Or as some lazy ass that has had many a cudgel broken
about his back, when he into a field begins eating the corn—boys beat him but he
is too many for them, and though they lay about with their sticks they cannot
hurt him; still when he has had his fill they at last drive him from the field—even
so did the Trojans and their allies pursue great Ajax, ever smiting the middle of
his shield with their darts. Now and again he would turn and show fight,
keeping back the battalions of the Trojans, and then he would again retreat; but
he prevented any of them from making his way to the ships. Single-handed he
stood midway between the Trojans and Achaeans: the spears that sped from
their hands stuck some of them in his mighty shield, while many, though
thirsting for his blood, fell to the ground ere they could reach him to the
wounding of his fair flesh.
Now when Eurypylus the brave son of Euaemon saw that Ajax was being
overpowered by the rain of arrows, he went up to him and hurled his spear. He
struck Apisaon son of Phausius in the liver below the midriff, and laid him low.
Eurypylus sprang upon him, and stripped the armour from his shoulders; but
when Alexandrus saw him, he aimed an arrow at him which struck him in the
right thigh; the arrow broke, but the point that was left in the wound dragged on
the thigh; he drew back, therefore, under cover of his comrades to save his life,
shouting as he did so to the Danaans, “My friends, princes and counsellors of the
Argives, rally to the defence of Ajax who is being overpowered, and I doubt
whether he will come out of the fight alive. Hither, then, to the rescue of great
Ajax son of Telamon.”
Korean
ass: 당나귀, 마보, 외집쟁이, 나귀, greedy: 탐욕스러운, 걸신들린, 일, 겁, 놀라게 하여 쫓아버리다,
고집쟁이, 고집통이, 바보. 열망하는, 게걸스러운, 대식하는. 소동, 위협하다, 겁내다.
beat: 치다, 속이다, 순찰, 휘젓다, lazy: 느린, 게으른, 태만한, 귀찮은 spring: 봄, 샘, 용수철을 달다, 튀다,
면하다-연거푸 치다, 지게 하다, 듯한. 폭발시키다, 도약하다, 뛰다,
특종기사, 박자를 맞추다, 박자, liver: 생활자, 거주자, 간장, 적갈색, 뛰어넘다, 반동, 원천, 청춘.
뛰다-계속해서 치기, 치는 소리. 간, 사는 사람, 닭 따위의 간, 돼지 stockyard: 가축 수용장, 가축우리,
carrying: 운송, 운송의, 적재의, 적재, 따위의 간, 송아지 따위의 간, 의 가축 수용소, 가축 우리, 가축을
목소리가 잘 들리는, 잘 들리는, 운수, 생활을 하는 사람, 간장 색깔. 가두어 두는 곳.
적재 운송의. midriff: 횡경막, 횡격막. turning: 굴곡, 선회, 회전, 변화, 변절,
cudgel: 곤봉으로 때리다, 곤장, 곤봉. scare: 겁냄, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 겁을 녹로세공, 형성, 선반 세공법, 녹로
foiled: 박으로 뒤를 붙이는, 뒤엎는. 집어먹다, 으르다, 놀람, 깜짝 놀라는 세공법, 녹로 세공, 선반 세공.
 Homer 159

Even so did he cry when he was wounded; thereon the others came near, and
gathered round him, holding their shields upwards from their shoulders so as to
give him cover. Ajax then made towards them, and turned round to stand at bay
as soon as he had reached his men.%
Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Meanwhile the mares of
Neleus, all in a lather with sweat, were bearing Nestor out of the fight, and with
him Machaon shepherd of his people. Achilles saw and took note, for he was
standing on the stern of his ship watching the hard stress and struggle of the
fight. He called from the ship to his comrade Patroclus, who heard him in the
tent and came out looking like Mars himself—here indeed was the beginning of
the ill that presently befell him. “Why,” said he, “Achilles, do you call me? What
do you want with me?” And Achilles answered, “Noble son of Menoetius, man
after my own heart, I take it that I shall now have the Achaeans praying at my
knees, for they are in great straits; go, Patroclus, and ask Nestor who it is that he
is bearing away wounded from the field; from his back I should say it was
Machaon son of Aesculapius, but I could not see his face for the horses went by
me at full speed.”
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him, and set off running by the
ships and tents of the Achaeans.
When Nestor and Machaon had reached the tents of the son of Neleus, they
dismounted, and an esquire, Eurymedon, took the horses from the chariot. The
pair then stood in the breeze by the seaside to dry the sweat from their shirts,
and when they had so done they came inside and took their seats. Fair
Hecamede, whom Nestor had had awarded to him from Tenedos when Achilles
took it, mixed them a mess; she was daughter of wise Arsinous, and the
Achaeans had given her to Nestor because he excelled all of them in counsel.
First she set for them a fair and well-made table that had feet of cyanus; on it
there was a vessel of bronze and an onion to give relish to the drink, with honey
and cakes of barley-meal. There was also a cup of rare workmanship which the
old man had brought with him from home, studded with bosses of gold; it had
four handles, on each of which there were two golden doves feeding, and it had

Korean
esquire: 귀하, 님, 향사, 치안 판사, mess: 혼란, 잡탕, 혼합식, 실책, 회식 흥미, 기호, 양념, 풍미, 즐기다,
씨님, 시골의 대지주에 대한 칭호, 동료, 한끼분, 북새, 한 접시분의 맛보다, 기미.
숙녀를 에스코트하는 사람, 시골의 음식, 희식하다, 흩어져 어수선함, stress: 강세, 압박, 강조하다, 노력,
대지주, 기사의 종자. 흔란. 강조, 긴장, 압력, 중요성, 중점을
honey: 벌꿀, 감미로운, 화밀, 정다운 onion: 양파, 양파냄새, 머리가 돈, 두다, 스트레스, 강세를 두다.
말을 하다, 발림말하다, 벌꿀의, 인간, 눈을 양파로 비벼서 눈물나게 struggle: 노력, 고투, 버둥질, 밀어
귀여운 사람, 단것. 하다, 양파로 비벼서 눈물나게 하다. 헤치고 나아가다, 고투하다, 격투,
lather: 비누거품, 땀투성이가 되다, 외 rare: 드문, 희박한, 진기한, 설익은, 노력하다, 발버둥질, 허위적거리다,
만드는 사람, 후려갈기다, 에 비누 설구워진, 매우, 극히, 참좋은, 몸부림, 몸부림치다.
거품을 칠하다, 비누가 거품이 일다, 희귀한, 희한한, 귀한. upwards: 향상 지향의, 에서
거품이 일다, 비누 거품. relish: 조미료, 식욕, 좋아하다, 향기, 위쪽으로, 위로 향하여, 이상.
160 The Iliad

two feet to stand on. Any one else would hardly have been able to lift it from the
table when it was full, but Nestor could do so quite easily. In this the woman, as
fair as a goddess, mixed them a mess with Pramnian wine; she grated goat’s
milk cheese into it with a bronze grater, threw in a handful of white barley-meal,
and having thus prepared the mess she bade them drink it. When they had done
so and had thus quenched their thirst, they fell talking with one another, and at
this moment Patroclus appeared at the door.%
When the old man saw him he sprang from his seat, seized his hand, led him
into the tent, and bade him take his place among them; but Patroclus stood
where he was and said, “Noble sir, I may not stay, you cannot persuade me to
come in; he that sent me is not one to be trifled with, and he bade me ask who the
wounded man was whom you were bearing away from the field. I can now see
for myself that he is Machaon, shepherd of his people. I must go back and tell
Achilles. You, sir, know what a terrible man he is, and how ready to blame even
where no blame should lie.”
And Nestor answered, “Why should Achilles care to know how many of the
Achaeans may be wounded? He recks not of the dismay that reigns in our host;
our most valiant chieftains lie disabled, brave Diomed, son of Tydeus, is
wounded; so are Ulysses and Agamemnon; Eurypylus has been hit with an
arrow in the thigh, and I have just been bringing this man from the field—he too
wounded with an arrow. Nevertheless, Achilles, so valiant though he be, cares
not and knows no ruth. Will he wait till the ships, do what we may, are in a
blaze, and we perish one upon the other? As for me, I have no strength nor stay
in me any longer; would that I were still young and strong as in the days when
there was a fight between us and the men of Elis about some cattle-raiding. I then
killed Itymoneus, the valiant son of Hypeirochus, a dweller in Elis, as I was
driving in the spoil; he was hit by a dart thrown by my hand while fighting in
the front rank in defence of his cows, so he fell and the country people around
him were in great fear. We drove off a vast quantity of booty from the plain, fifty
herds of cattle and as many flocks of sheep; fifty droves also of pigs, and as many
wide-spreading flocks of goats. Of horses, moreover, we seized a hundred and

Korean
cheese: 치즈, 일류품, 매력적인 젊은 grated: 일반용의.
여자, 안성맞춤의 것, 치즈 비슷한 것, grater: 강판, 채치는 사람,
보스, 중요인물, 그만둬, 그만두다, 문지르는사람, 가는 사람.
튀어라, 조심해. handful: 한웅큼, 한 손 가득, 소량, 한
drink: 마시다, 흡수하다, 취하다, 술에 움큼, 한줌의 양, 힘에 겨운 일.
소비하다, 술에소비하다, 음료를 prepared: 준비가 되어 있는, 조리된,
마시다, 큰 강, 한 모금, 술을 많이 조제된, 각오가 되어 있는.
마시다, 을 위해 축배를 들다, 음주. quantity: 다량, 분량, 양, 수량,
dweller: 거주자, 주민, 머뭇거리는 말. 다량으로, 다수, 어떤 특정의 분량,
easily: 편안히, 쉽게, 쉽사리, 양적인, 양을 나타낸는 숫자, 양을
용이하게, 원활하게, 편안하게. 나타낸는 부호.
terrible: 무서운, 몹시, 극히 서투른,
호된, 무서운 사람, 대단한.
thirst: 갈증, 갈망, 갈망하다, 목마름,
한잔 마시고 싶다, 목마르다.
vast: 광대한, 막대한, 거대한, 대단한,
굉장한, 광활한 넓이.
wine: 포도주, 포도주를 마시다, 붉은
포도주빛, 기운을 돋우는것, 취하게
하는 것, 포도주 용제, 적포도주색, 을
포도주로 대접하다, 기운나게 하는
것, 포도주 파티.
 Homer 161

fifty, %all of them mares, and many had foals running with them. All these did
we drive by night to Pylus, the city of Neleus, taking them within the city; and
the heart of Neleus was glad in that I had taken so much, though it was the first
time I had ever been in the field. At daybreak the heralds went round crying that
all in Elis to whom there was a debt owing should come; and the leading Pylians
assembled to divide the spoils. There were many to whom the Epeans owed
chattels, for we men of Pylus were few and had been oppressed with wrong; in
former years Hercules had come, and had laid his hand heavy upon us, so that
all our best men had perished. Neleus had had twelve sons, but I alone was left;
the others had all been killed. The Epeans presuming upon all this had looked
down upon us and had done us much evil. My father chose a herd of cattle and a
great flock of sheep—three hundred in all—and he took their shepherds with
him, for there was a great debt due to him in Elis, to wit four horses, winners of
prizes. They and their chariots with them had gone to the games and were to run
for a tripod, but King Augeas took them, and sent back their driver grieving for
the loss of his horses. Neleus was angered by what he had both said and done,
and took great value in return, but he divided the rest, that no man might have
less than his full share.
“Thus did we order all things, and offer sacrifices to the gods throughout the
city; but three days afterwards the Epeans came in a body, many in number, they
and their chariots, in full array, and with them the two Moliones in their armour,
though they were still lads and unused to fighting. Now there is a certain town,
Thryoessa, perched upon a rock on the river Alpheus, the border city Pylus. This
they would destroy, and pitched their camp about it, but when they had crossed
their whole plain, Minerva darted down by night from Olympus and bade us set
ourselves in array; and she found willing soldiers in Pylos, for the men meant
fighting. Neleus would not let me arm, and hid my horses, for he said that as yet
I could know nothing about war; nevertheless Minerva so ordered the fight that,
all on foot as I was, I fought among our mounted forces and vied with the
foremost of them. There is a river Minyeius that falls into the sea near Arene, and
there they that were mounted (and I with them) waited till morning, when the
companies of foot soldiers came up with us in force. Thence in full panoply and
Korean
border: 경계, 가장자리, 가선, 가를 표결하다, 표결하다-분수계, 분수계, owing: 빚지고 있는, 지불해야 할, 에
두르다, 가, 국경-접하다, 영토, 분류하다, 분계. 기인하는.
가장자리 장식, 국경, 테두리, 접하다. driver: 마부, 운전수, 조종자, 기관사, panoply: 갑주 한 벌, 완전한 장비,
crossed: 횡선을 그은, 십자모양으로 치는띵 사람, 드라이버, 말 몰이꾼, 갑옷의 한 벌, 투구의 한 벌.
놓은, 열십자로 된, 방해된, 방해되는, 박는 기계, 소 몰이꾼, 운전사, 감독. presuming: 주제넘은, 뻔뻔스러운,
교차한, 교차된, 가로 세로로 글씨를 due: 할 예정인, 응당치러야할, 세금, 염치없는.
쓴, 교차. 정식으로, 응당, 에 돌여야할, 마땅히, unused: 익숙하지 않은, 쓰지 않는,
debt: 빚, 죄, 부채, 은혜, 의리, 빚진 때가 오면, 당연할, 당연할-마땅히, 사용한 적이 없는, 사용하지 않은.
것. 지불 기일이 된. willing: 기꺼이 ...하는, 자진해서
divide: 분배하다, 분리하다, 나누다, games: 계략, 경기회, 경연회, 운동 하는, 마침 잘된, 자발적인.
갈라지다, 가르다, 대립시키다, 경기.
162 The Iliad

equipment we came towards noon to the sacred waters of the Alpheus, and
there we offered victims to almighty Jove, with a bull to Alpheus, another to
Neptune, and a herd-heifer to Minerva. After this we took supper in our
companies, and laid us down to rest each in his armour by the river.%
“The Epeans were beleaguering the city and were determined to take it, but
ere this might be there was a desperate fight in store for them. When the sun’s
rays began to fall upon the earth we joined battle, praying to Jove and to
Minerva, and when the fight had begun, I was the first to kill my man and take
his horses—to wit the warrior Mulius. He was son-in-law to Augeas, having
married his eldest daughter, golden-haired Agamede, who knew the virtues of
every herb which grows upon the face of the earth. I speared him as he was
coming towards me, and when he fell headlong in the dust, I sprang upon his
chariot and took my place in the front ranks. The Epeans fled in all directions
when they saw the captain of their horsemen (the best man they had) laid low,
and I swept down on them like a whirlwind, taking fifty chariots—and in each of
them two men bit the dust, slain by my spear. I should have even killed the two
Moliones, sons of Actor, unless their real father, Neptune lord of the earthquake,
had hidden them in a thick mist and borne them out of the fight. Thereon Jove
vouchsafed the Pylians a great victory, for we chased them far over the plain,
killing the men and bringing in their armour, till we had brought our horses to
Buprasium, rich in wheat, and to the Olenian rock, with the hill that is called
Alision, at which point Minerva turned the people back. There I slew the last
man and left him; then the Achaeans drove their horses back from Buprasium to
Pylos and gave thanks to Jove among the gods, and among mortal men to
Nestor.
“Such was I among my peers, as surely as ever was, but Achilles is for
keeping all his valour for himself; bitterly will he rue it hereafter when the host
is being cut to pieces. My good friend, did not Menoetius charge you thus, on the
day when he sent you from Phthia to Agamemnon? Ulysses and I were in the
house, inside, and heard all that he said to you; for we came to the fair house of
Peleus while beating up recruits throughout all Achaea, and when we got there

Korean
almighty: 대단한, 전능한, 대단히, 신, herb: 풀, 초본, 목초, 풀잎, 향료 식물,
전능자. 남자 이름, 약용 식물, 식용 식물.
bull: 황소, 수컷, 큰, 센, 경관, 교서, hill: 언덕, 흙무더기, 북주다, 야산,
쓸데없는소리, 사는편, 사는 쪽, 작은산, 쌓아 올리다, 높이
황소자리, 쓸데없는 소리. 쌓아올리다, 쌓아올린 흙, 여름철
desperate: 필사적인, 자포자기의, 주재지, 조그만 산.
절망적인, 터무니없는, 극도의. keeping: 부양, 유지, 조화, 관리, 보존,
determined: 단호한, 결정된, 확정된, 축하, 보관, 일치.
결연한, 굳게 결심한. noon: 정오, 정오의, 전성기, 점심을
equipment: 준비, 설비, 기술, 능력, 먹다, 한밤중, 한낮, 야반, 결정, 낮
채비, 장비, 지식, 비품, 차량. 휴식을 취하다절정에 달하다, 정오에
하는, 최고점.
rock: 암석, 바위, 암초, 흔들리다,
흔들어 움직이다, 동요하다, 암반, 돌,
동요 움직이다, 애무하다, 화근.
surely: 확실히, 꼭, 설마, 안전하게,
틀림없이, 기필코, 결코, 반드시,
정말로, 좋고말고.
thanks: 고마워요, 감사합니다,
고맙습니다, 감사.
throughout: 도처에, 동안, 통해서,
처음부터 끝까지, 의 구석구석까지.
 Homer 163

we%found Menoetius and yourself, and Achilles with you. The old knight Peleus
was in the outer court, roasting the fat thigh-bones of a heifer to Jove the lord of
thunder; and he held a gold chalice in his hand from which he poured drink-
offerings of wine over the burning sacrifice. You two were busy cutting up the
heifer, and at that moment we stood at the gates, whereon Achilles sprang to his
feet, led us by the hand into the house, placed us at table, and set before us such
hospitable entertainment as guests expect. When we had satisfied ourselves
with meat and drink, I said my say and urged both of you to join us. You were
ready enough to do so, and the two old men charged you much and straitly. Old
Peleus bade his son Achilles fight ever among the foremost and outvie his peers,
while Menoetius the son of Actor spoke thus to you: ‘My son,’ said he, ‘Achilles
is of nobler birth than you are, but you are older than he, though he is far the
better man of the two. Counsel him wisely, guide him in the right way, and he
will follow you to his own profit.’ Thus did your father charge you, but you have
forgotten; nevertheless, even now, say all this to Achilles if he will listen to you.
Who knows but with heaven’s help you may talk him over, for it is good to take
a friend’s advice. If, however, he is fearful about some oracle, or if his mother
has told him something from Jove, then let him send you, and let the rest of the
Myrmidons follow with you, if perchance you may bring light and saving to the
Danaans. And let him send you into battle clad in his own armour, that the
Trojans may mistake you for him and leave off fighting; the sons of the Achaeans
may thus have time to get their breath, for they are hard pressed and there is
little breathing time in battle. You, who are fresh, might easily drive a tired
enemy back to his walls and away from the tents and ships.”
With these words he moved the heart of Patroclus, who set off running by the
line of the ships to Achilles, descendant of Aeacus. When he had got as far as the
ships of Ulysses, where was their place of assembly and court of justice, with
their altars dedicated to the gods, Eurypylus son of Euaemon, met him,
wounded in the thigh with an arrow, and limping out of the fight. Sweat rained
from his head and shoulders, and black blood welled from his cruel wound, but
his mind did not wander. The son of Menoetius when he saw him had
compassion upon him and spoke piteously saying, “O unhappy princes and
Korean
chalice: 배상화, 성찬배, 성작, 굽달린 두려워하여, 신을 두려워하는, perchance: 아마, 우연히, 어쩌면.
큰 잔, 성배. 두려워, 심한. satisfied: 만족한, 흡족한.
charged: 긴장된, 논쟁이 일어날 것 hospitable: 극진한, 따뜻하게 straitly: 엄격하게, 좁게, 답답하게.
같은, 대전한, 마약에 취한, 대접하는, 기꺼이 받아들이는, 대접이 unhappy: 불행한, 부적당한, 적절하지
실효전하를 가진, 일촉즉발의. 좋은. 못한, 계제 나쁜.
dedicated: 일신을 바친, 오로지 limping: 절뚝거리는. wander: 헤매다, 옆길로 벗어나다,
특정한 목적을 위한, 전용의. meat: 고기, 식사, 음식, 살, 알맹이, 헛소리하다, 오락가락하다, 두서없이
entertainment: 마음에 품음, 대접, 음식물, 식용 짐승고기. 되다, 길을 잘못 들다, 걸어
여녜, 연회, 오락, 여응, 환대, 연예, older: 연장의. 돌아다니다, 꾸불꾸불 흐르다,
주연. oracle: 신탁, 현인, 사람, 철인, 오러클, 꾸불꾸불 이어지다, 종잡을 수 없게
fearful: 무서운, 지독한, 걱정하여, 신명. 되다, 거닐다.
164 The Iliad

counsellors of the Danaans, are you then doomed to feed the hounds of Troy
with your fat, far from your friends and your native land? Say, noble Eurypylus,
will the Achaeans be able to hold great Hector in check, or will they fall now
before his spear?”%
Wounded Eurypylus made answer, “Noble Patroclus, there is no hope left for
the Achaeans but they will perish at their ships. All they that were princes
among us are lying struck down and wounded at the hands of the Trojans, who
are waxing stronger and stronger. But save me and take me to your ship; cut out
the arrow from my thigh; wash the black blood from off it with warm water, and
lay upon it those gracious herbs which, so they say, have been shown you by
Achilles, who was himself shown them by Chiron, most righteous of all the
centaurs. For of the physicians Podalirius and Machaon, I hear that the one is
lying wounded in his tent and is himself in need of healing, while the other is
fighting the Trojans upon the plain.”
“Hero Eurypylus,” replied the brave son of Menoetius, “how may these
things be? What can I do? I am on my way to bear a message to noble Achilles
from Nestor of Gerene, bulwark of the Achaeans, but even so I will not be
unmindful of your distress.”
With this he clasped him round the middle and led him into the tent, and a
servant, when he saw him, spread bullock-skins on the ground for him to lie on.
He laid him at full length and cut out the sharp arrow from his thigh; he washed
the black blood from the wound with warm water; he then crushed a bitter herb,
rubbing it between his hands, and spread it upon the wound; this was a virtuous
herb which killed all pain; so the wound presently dried and the blood left off
flowing.

Korean
check: 점검, 대조, 저지, 억제, 방해, 보트의 정신, 모음의 길이. 덕이 있는, 덕 있는, 효력이 있는,
체크, 방해하다, 장군, 감독, rubbing: 마사지, 마찰, 탁본, 안마, 고결한 체하는.
저지하다, 갈라진 금. 연마, 문지름, 탑본, 비명 따위의 warm: 따뜻해지기, 따뜻하게 하다,
dried: 건조한. 탑본, 문지르기. 흥분시키다, 열중하다, 따뜻한,
feed: 공급하다, 먹이를 먹다, save: 오래가다, 을 제외하고, 덜다, 열렬한, 생생한, 동정적으로 되다,
만족시키다, 기르다, 공급재료, 먹을 모으다, 구해내다, 절약하다, 건지다, 불유쾌한, 진실에 가까워지는,
것을 줌, 사료, 식사공급, 면케하다, 은 도로 치고, 저장, 가까운.
음식물을주다, 식사, 음식물을 주다. 지키다. wash: 도금하다, 씻다, 세광하다, 세제,
length: 길이, 기간, 세로, 기장, 특정 servant: 하인, 봉사자, 고용인, 머슴, 세탁, 습지, 화장수, 믿을 만하다, 그
표준의 길이, 음절의 길이, 정신, 부하, 공무원, 종업원, 하인의. 소리, 씻어 정하게 하다, 쓸어 넣다.
행동의 철저한 범위, 시간적인 길이, virtuous: 정숙한, 선량한, 도덕적인,
 Homer 165

BOOK %XII

So the son of Menoetius was attending to the hurt of Eurypylus within the
tent, but the Argives and Trojans still fought desperately, nor were the trench
and the high wall above it, to keep the Trojans in check longer. They had built it
to protect their ships, and had dug the trench all round it that it might safeguard
both the ships and the rich spoils which they had taken, but they had not offered
hecatombs to the gods. It had been built without the consent of the immortals,
and therefore it did not last. So long as Hector lived and Achilles nursed his
anger, and so long as the city of Priam remained untaken, the great wall of the
Achaeans stood firm; but when the bravest of the Trojans were no more, and
many also of the Argives, though some were yet left alive—when, moreover, the
city was sacked in the tenth year, and the Argives had gone back with their ships
to their own country—then Neptune and Apollo took counsel to destroy the
wall, and they turned on to it the streams of all the rivers from Mount Ida into
the sea, Rhesus, Heptaporus, Caresus, Rhodius, Grenicus, Aesopus, and goodly
Scamander, with Simois, where many a shield and helm had fallen, and many a
hero of the race of demigods had bitten the dust. Phoebus Apollo turned the
mouths of all these rivers together and made them flow for nine days against the
wall, while Jove rained the whole time that he might wash it sooner into the sea.
Neptune himself, trident in hand, surveyed the work and threw into the sea all
the foundations of beams and stones which the Achaeans had laid with so much

Korean
attending: 주치의인, 대학 부속병원에 기호, 구홀, 카드 놀이 따위의 구, 퍼짐, 호수, 일대, 얼근히 취하여.
의사로서 근무하는. 아홉 명이 한 조가 되는 것, 아홉 명이 trident: 삼지창, 세 갈래진, 세 갈래난,
consent: 동의, 동의하다, 승낙하다, 한 세트가 되는 것, 아홉 개가한 조가 세 갈래난 작살, 삼차 곡선.
승낙, 동의자, 찬성하다, 일치. 되는 것, 아홉 개가한 세트가 되는 것. turned: 녹로로 세공한, 돌린, 거꾸러
firm: 굳은, 단단히, 굳게, 견고한, race: 인종, 특징, 경주하다, 경주, 된.
굳어지다, 변동없는, 합자회사, 경쟁, 운행, 질주하다, 자손, 품종, wall: 벽, 담, 벽으로 막다, 성벽,
고정된, 상사, 강경한, 굳게 하다. 여울, 헛돌다. 성벽을 두르다, 벽과 같은 것, 벽으로
foundations: 토대. safeguard: 호위, 보호, 보호하다, 안전 둘렀싸다, 지다, 가두다, 굴리다, 담에
neptune: 해왕성, 바다의 신, 대양, 통행권. 나는.
넵투누스. sea: 바다, 놀, 선원이 되다, 온통,
nine: 아홉, 아홉의, 야구팀, 아홉의 해상에서, 항해중에, 할 바를 모르고,
166 The Iliad

toil; he made all level by the mighty stream of the Hellespont, and then when he
had swept the wall away he spread a great beach of sand over the place where it
had been. This done he turned the rivers back into their old courses.%
This was what Neptune and Apollo were to do in after time; but as yet battle
and turmoil were still raging round the wall till its timbers rang under the blows
that rained upon them. The Argives, cowed by the scourge of Jove, were
hemmed in at their ships in fear of Hector the mighty minister of Rout, who as
heretofore fought with the force and fury of a whirlwind. As a lion or wild boar
turns fiercely on the dogs and men that attack him, while these form solid wall
and shower their javelins as they face him—his courage is all undaunted, but his
high spirit will be the death of him; many a time does he charge at his pursuers
to scatter them, and they fall back as often as he does so—even so did Hector go
about among the host exhorting his men, and cheering them on to cross the
trench.
But the horses dared not do so, and stood neighing upon its brink, for the
width frightened them. They could neither jump it nor cross it, for it had
overhanging banks all round upon either side, above which there were the sharp
stakes that the sons of the Achaeans had planted so close and strong as a defence
against all who would assail it; a horse, therefore, could not get into it and draw
his chariot after him, but those who were on foot kept trying their very utmost.
Then Polydamas went up to Hector and said, “Hector, and you other captains of
the Trojans and allies, it is madness for us to try and drive our horses across the
trench; it will be very hard to cross, for it is full of sharp stakes, and beyond these
there is the wall. Our horses therefore cannot get down into it, and would be of
no use if they did; moreover it is a narrow place and we should come to harm. If,
indeed, great Jove is minded to help the Trojans, and in his anger will utterly
destroy the Achaeans, I would myself gladly see them perish now and here far
from Argos; but if they should rally and we are driven back from the ships pell-
mell into the trench there will be not so much as a man get back to the city to tell
the tale. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; let our squires hold our horses by

Korean
assail: 엄습하다, 감연히 에 부탁치다, 암내나다, 승마하다, 발판, 혹사하다, 매질하다, 채찍, 벌하다, 매,
논란하다, 습격하다, 과감히 목마, 다리가 있는 물건걸이, 사람. 징벌하다, 채찍질하다.
부딪치다, 맹렬히 공격하다. jump: 뛰다, 뛰어 오르게 하다, shower: 소나기, 많음, 쏟아짐, 선물,
cross: 교차하다, 교배시키다, 일치하다, 뛰어 넘다, 뛰어오르다, 소나기로 적시다, 빗발치듯 내리다,
가로지르다, 십자가, 고난, 가로의, 폭등하다, 에서 벗어나다, 움찔하다, 소나기가 쏟아지다, 뿌리다, 빗발
잡종의, 부정, 가로줄을 긋다, 비약하다, 생략하다, 뛰어 옮기다. 치듯함, 샤워, 소나기가 오다.
건너가다, 비뚤어진. madness: 광기, 열광, 광희, 정신 착란. spirit: 기분, 기질, 정신, 영혼, 사람,
draw: 끌다, 그리다, 당기다, 묘사하다, narrow: 제한된, 해협, 좁히다, 생기, 유령, 알코올, 인물, 시대정신,
뽑아내다, 자아내다, 이끌어내다, 좁아지다, 가는, 가까스로의, 마음이 신.
접근하다, 이끌다, 제비, 빠지다. 좁은, 한정된, 좁은, 협로, 하협. width: 폭, 넓이, 한 폭, 너비, 나비,
horse: 말, 안마, 기병, 말을 달다, scourge: 천벌, 몹시 괴롭히다, 넓음, 일정한 폭의 피륙, 가로.
 Homer 167

the%trench, but let us follow Hector in a body on foot, clad in full armour, and if
the day of their doom is at hand the Achaeans will not be able to withstand us.”
Thus spoke Polydamas and his saying pleased Hector, who sprang in full
armour to the ground, and all the other Trojans, when they saw him do so, also
left their chariots. Each man then gave his horses over to his charioteer in charge
to hold them ready for him at the trench. Then they formed themselves into
companies, made themselves ready, and in five bodies followed their leaders.
Those that went with Hector and Polydamas were the bravest and most in
number, and the most determined to break through the wall and fight at the
ships. Cebriones was also joined with them as third in command, for Hector had
left his chariot in charge of a less valiant soldier. The next company was led by
Paris, Alcathous, and Agenor; the third by Helenus and Deiphobus, two sons of
Priam, and with them was the hero Asius—Asius, the son of Hyrtacus, whose
great black horses of the breed that comes from the river Selleis had brought him
from Arisbe. Aeneas, the valiant son of Anchises, led the fourth; he and the two
sons of Antenor, Archelochus and Acamas, men well versed in all the arts of war.
Sarpedon was captain over the allies, and took with him Glaucus and
Asteropaeus whom he deemed most valiant after himself—for he was far the
best man of them all. These helped to array one another in their ox-hide shields,
and then charged straight at the Danaans, for they felt sure that they would not
hold out longer and that they should themselves now fall upon the ships.
The rest of the Trojans and their allies now followed the counsel of
Polydamas but Asius, son of Hyrtacus, would not leave his horses and his
esquire behind him; in his foolhardiness he took them on with him towards the
ships, nor did he fail to come by his end in consequence. Nevermore was he to
return to wind-beaten Ilius, exulting in his chariot and his horses; ere he could
do so, death of ill-omened name had overshadowed him and he had fallen by
the spear of Idomeneus the noble son of Deucalion. He had driven towards the
left wing of the ships, by which way the Achaeans used to return with their
chariots and horses from the plain. Hither he drove and found the gates with
their doors opened wide, and the great bar down—for the gatemen kept them

Korean
bar: 바, 모기장, 막대기, 장벽, 차단봉, consequence: 결과, 결론, 영향, foolhardiness: 무작정성.
장애, 막다, 돌난대-빗장을 중대성, 귀결, 사회적 중요성, 자존, formed: 생물적 특징을 갖춘, 형성된.
지르다잠그다, 관문, 가로장, 법조계. 중요성, 잘난체함, 결말, 중대함. fourth: 제 사, 네번째, 네번째의,
break: 부서지다, 깨뜨리다, 관계를 exulting: 미칠듯이 기뻐하는. 네분의, 네분의 하나의, 네째, 네째의,
끊다, 돌발하다, 부수다, 무너지다, fall: 가을, 떨어지다, 분류되다, 폭포, 독립 기념일, 사 등품, 제 4의.
교제를 끊다, 단절, 꺾이다, 꺾다, 뽑히다, 함락, 우연히 오다, 쇠미, ill-omened: 불길한.
그만두다. 강하하다, 내리막, 강하. leaders: 리더.
command: 지휘하다, 명령, 지배하다, follow: 이해하다, 추적하다, 뒤따르다, straight: 철저한, 순수한, 직접적으로,
지휘, 명하다, 의 값어치가 있다, 종사하다, 추구, 추종, 더 청하는 정연한, 직선, 원작대로, 솔직한, 곧,
지배력, 장악지, 차지하고 있다, 음식, 뒤에서 쫓아가다, 따라가다, 곧은, 똑바른, 솔직하게.
명령하다, 조망. 따라오다, 따르다.
168 The Iliad

open so as to let %those of their comrades enter who might be flying towards the
ships. Hither of set purpose did he direct his horses, and his men followed him
with a loud cry, for they felt sure that the Achaeans would not hold out longer,
and that they should now fall upon the ships. Little did they know that at the
gates they should find two of the bravest chieftains, proud sons of the fighting
Lapithae—the one, Polypoetes, mighty son of Pirithous, and the other Leonteus,
peer of murderous Mars. These stood before the gates like two high oak trees
upon the mountains, that tower from their wide-spreading roots, and year after
year battle with wind and rain—even so did these two men await the onset of
great Asius confidently and without flinching. The Trojans led by him and by
Iamenus, Orestes, Adamas the son of Asius, Thoon and Oenomaus, raised a loud
cry of battle and made straight for the wall, holding their shields of dry ox-hide
above their heads; for a while the two defenders remained inside and cheered the
Achaeans on to stand firm in the defence of their ships; when, however, they saw
that the Trojans were attacking the wall, while the Danaans were crying out for
help and being routed, they rushed outside and fought in front of the gates like
two wild boars upon the mountains that abide the attack of men and dogs, and
charging on either side break down the wood all round them tearing it up by the
roots, and one can hear the clattering of their tusks, till some one hits them and
makes an end of them—even so did the gleaming bronze rattle about their
breasts, as the weapons fell upon them; for they fought with great fury, trusting
to their own prowess and to those who were on the wall above them. These
threw great stones at their assailants in defence of themselves their tents and
their ships. The stones fell thick as the flakes of snow which some fierce blast
drives from the dark clouds and showers down in sheets upon the earth—even
so fell the weapons from the hands alike of Trojans and Achaeans. Helmet and
shield rang out as the great stones rained upon them, and Asius, the son of
Hyrtacus, in his dismay cried aloud and smote his two thighs. “Father Jove,” he
cried, “of a truth you too are altogether given to lying. I made sure the Argive
heroes could not withstand us, whereas like slim-waisted wasps, or bees that
have their nests in the rocks by the wayside—they leave not the holes wherein
they have built undefended, but fight for their little ones against all who would

Korean
altogether: 전부해서, 아주전혀, 에들어가다, 에들다, 에 들어가다, 일사천리로 통과시키다, 을덜컥덜컥
대체로-전체적 효과, 벌거숭이, 신고하다, 박히다, 떠오르다, 움직이다.
요컨대, 전체, 전혀, 다 합하여. 등장하다, 들어박히다. truth: 성실, 진실, 진리, 사실, 정직,
await: 기다리다, 에 준비되어 있다. ones: 그 사람의, 사람의. 사실은, 사실을 말하면, 정말, 박진성.
confidently: 대담하게, 자신 있게, raised: 높인, 양각의, 붕긋한, 한층 undefended: 변호인이 없는, 항변이
자신만만하게, 확신하여, 확신을 높은, 도드라진, 높아진, 부풀게한, 없는, 방비가 없는, 옹호되지 않은,
갖고. 부풀게 한, 효모로 부풀게 한. 변호되지 않은.
dark: 어두운, 비밀의, 어둠, 캄캄한, rattle: 놀라게 하다, 혼란시키다, wood: 숲, 나무, 식림하다, 수풀,
숨은, 수수께끼 같은, 사악한, 슬픈, 수다스러운 사람, 딸랑이, 힘차게 나무로 만든, 나무제품, 목재을
우울한, 무지한, 무지. 차를 몰다, 상소리로 꾸짖다, 모아두다, 재목을 공급하다, 목제의,
enter: 참가하다, 시작하다, 들다, 흥분시키다, 향음기관, 척척해치우다, 목관악기, 에 나무를 심다.
 Homer 169

take them—even so these men, though they be but two, will not be driven from
the gates, but stand firm either to slay or be slain.”
He spoke, but moved not the mind of Jove, whose counsel it then was to give
glory to Hector. Meanwhile the rest of the Trojans were fighting about the other
gates; I, however, am no god to be able to tell about all these things, for the battle
raged everywhere about the stone wall as it were a fiery furnace. The Argives,
discomfited though they were, were forced to defend their ships, and all the
gods who were defending the Achaeans were vexed in spirit; but the Lapithae
kept on fighting with might and main.%
Thereon Polypoetes, mighty son of Pirithous, hit Damasus with a spear upon
his cheek-pierced helmet. The helmet did not protect him, for the point of the
spear went through it, and broke the bone, so that the brain inside was scattered
about, and he died fighting. He then slew Pylon and Ormenus. Leonteus, of the
race of Mars, killed Hippomachus the son of Antimachus by striking him with
his spear upon the girdle. He then drew his sword and sprang first upon
Antiphates whom he killed in combat, and who fell face upwards on the earth.
After him he killed Menon, Iamenus, and Orestes, and laid them low one after
the other.
While they were busy stripping the armour from these heroes, the youths
who were led on by Polydamas and Hector (and these were the greater part and
the most valiant of those that were trying to break through the wall and fire the
ships) were still standing by the trench, uncertain what they should do; for they
had seen a sign from heaven when they had essayed to cross it—a soaring eagle
that flew skirting the left wing of their host, with a monstrous blood-red snake in
its talons still alive and struggling to escape. The snake was still bent on revenge,
wriggling and twisting itself backwards till it struck the bird that held it, on the
neck and breast; whereon the bird being in pain, let it fall, dropping it into the
middle of the host, and then flew down the wind with a sharp cry. The Trojans
were struck with terror when they saw the snake, portent of aegis-bearing Jove,
writhing in the midst of them, and Polydamas went up to Hector and said,
“Hector, at our councils of war you are ever given to rebuke me, even when I

Korean
busy: 통화중인, 바쁜, 번화한, 참견 잘 더운 곳, 작열하는곳, 작열하는 곳, 높이 나는, 고원한, 우뚝 솟음, 날아
하는, 바쁘게 만들다, 전화가 어려운 시련의 장소, 난방로, 노, 오르는, 활상.
통화중인, 참견 잘하는, 부지런히 아궁이. stone: 핵, 에 돌을 던지다, 돌의, 석재,
일하는. pain: 고통, 아픔, 형벌, 애쓰다, 고뇌, 결석, 돌, 보석, 스톤, 숫돌, 석조의,
dropping: 낙하, 강하, 낙하물, 촛농, 괴로움, 고생한 값으로, 고생, 에게 돌을 깔다.
듣기, 똑똑 떨어짐, 똥, 방울져 고통을 주다, 아프다, 벌. uncertain: 불확실한, 일정치 않은,
떨어지는것, 적하, 탈모, 투하. scattered: 뿔뿔이 흩어진, 산발적인, 흔들거리는, 믿을 수 없는, 분명치
forced: 억지의, 강제의, 억지로지은, 산만한, 산재해 있는, 드문드문 있는. 않은, 의심스러운, 변하기 쉬운,
강요된, 긴급 때 행하는, 억지로 지은, skirting: 스커트 감, 걸레받이, 옷자락, 확신이 없는, 확정되지 않은.
무리한. 스커트 천, 굽도리널. vexed: 안절부절 못하는, 곤란한, 마음
furnace: 용광로, 시련, 화덕, 몹시 soaring: 상승, 우뚝 솟은, 높이 날기, 아픈, 성난, 머리를 이프게 하는.
170 The Iliad

speak wisely, as though it were not well, forsooth, that one of the people should
cross your will either in the field or at the council board; you would have them
support you always: nevertheless I will say what I think will be best; let us not
now go on to fight the Danaans at their ships, for I know what will happen if this
soaring eagle which skirted the left wing of our host with a monstrous blood-red
snake in its talons (the snake being still alive) was really sent as an omen to the
Trojans on their essaying to cross the trench. The eagle let go her hold; she did
not succeed in taking it home to her little ones, and so will it be—with ourselves;
even though by a mighty effort we break through the gates and wall of the
Achaeans, and they give way before us, still we shall not return in good order by
the way we came, but shall leave many a man behind us whom the Achaeans
will do to death in defence of their ships. Thus would any seer who was expert
in these matters, and was trusted by the people, read the portent.”%
Hector looked fiercely at him and said, “Polydamas, I like not of your
reading. You can find a better saying than this if you will. If, however, you have
spoken in good earnest, then indeed has heaven robbed you of your reason. You
would have me pay no heed to the counsels of Jove, nor to the promises he made
me—and he bowed his head in confirmation; you bid me be ruled rather by the
flight of wild-fowl. What care I whether they fly towards dawn or dark, and
whether they be on my right hand or on my left? Let us put our trust rather in
the counsel of great Jove, king of mortals and immortals. There is one omen, and
one only—that a man should fight for his country. Why are you so fearful?
Though we be all of us slain at the ships of the Argives you are not likely to be
killed yourself, for you are not steadfast nor courageous. If you will not fight, or
would talk others over from doing so, you shall fall forthwith before my spear.”
With these words he led the way, and the others followed after with a cry
that rent the air. Then Jove the lord of thunder sent the blast of a mighty wind
from the mountains of Ida, that bore the dust down towards the ships; he thus
lulled the Achaeans into security, and gave victory to Hector and to the Trojans,
who, trusting to their own might and to the signs he had shown them, essayed to
break through the great wall of the Achaeans. They tore down the breastworks

Korean
confirmation: 확인, 확정, 확증, 교묘한, 숙련가, 숙련된. speak: 이야기하다, 탄원하다,
견진성사, 확립, 증언, 증거, 비준, happen: 일어나다, 생기다, 표명하다, 이야기 하다, 울리다,
견고하게함, 시인, 견진 성사. 우연히...하다, 우연히 일어나다, 연설하다, 말하다, 성명하다,
courageous: 용기 있는, 용감한, 우연히 만나다, 우연히 있다. 나타내다, 쓰다, 에게 말을 걸다.
대담한, 담력이 있는, 용기있는. hold: 지탱하다, 소유하다, 끌다, 품다, succeed: 에 계속하다, 성공하다,
defence: 방어, 변명, 방어물, 효력이 있다, 유지하다, 견디다, 잇따라 일어나다, 계속되다,
방어적인, 수세인, 화를 잘 내는. 보류하다, 잡다, 쥐다, 나아가다. 입신하다, 의 뒤를 잇다, 계승하다, 의
effort: 노력, 노력의 성과, 수고, 주로 omen: 전조. 자리를 계승하다, 후임이 되다.
모금 등의 운동, 작력, 역작, 작용력. reading: 독서, 해석, 낭독, 독서하는, trust: 위탁, 신탁, 신뢰하다, 신용,
expert: 전문가, 숙련자, 숙달된, 판단, 선집, 학식, 의회의 독회, 읽는 맡기다, 신임, 책임, 신탁의,
노련한, 노련가, 기사, 감정인, 법, 읽을거리, 읽기. 의지하다, 보관, 믿다.
 Homer 171

from the walls, and overthrew the battlements; they upheaved the buttresses,
which the Achaeans had set in front of the wall in order to support it; when they
had pulled these down they made sure of breaking through the wall, but the
Danaans still showed no sign of giving ground; they still fenced the battlements
with their shields of ox-hide, and hurled their missiles down upon the foe as
soon as any came below the wall.%
The two Ajaxes went about everywhere on the walls cheering on the
Achaeans, giving fair words to some while they spoke sharply to any one whom
they saw to be remiss. “My friends,” they cried, “Argives one and all—good bad
and indifferent, for there was never fight yet, in which all were of equal
prowess—there is now work enough, as you very well know, for all of you. See
that you none of you turn in flight towards the ships, daunted by the shouting of
the foe, but press forward and keep one another in heart, if it may so be that
Olympian Jove the lord of lightning will vouchsafe us to repel our foes, and
drive them back towards the city.”
Thus did the two go about shouting and cheering the Achaeans on. As the
flakes that fall thick upon a winter’s day, when Jove is minded to snow and to
display these his arrows to mankind—he lulls the wind to rest, and snows hour
after hour till he has buried the tops of the high mountains, the headlands that
jut into the sea, the grassy plains, and the tilled fields of men; the snow lies deep
upon the forelands, and havens of the grey sea, but the waves as they come
rolling in stay it that it can come no further, though all else is wrapped as with a
mantle, so heavy are the heavens with snow—even thus thickly did the stones
fall on one side and on the other, some thrown at the Trojans, and some by the
Trojans at the Achaeans; and the whole wall was in an uproar.
Still the Trojans and brave Hector would not yet have broken down the gates
and the great bar, had not Jove turned his son Sarpedon against the Argives as a
lion against a herd of horned cattle. Before him he held his shield of hammered
bronze, that the smith had beaten so fair and round, and had lined with ox hides
which he had made fast with rivets of gold all round the shield; this he held in
front of him, and brandishing his two spears came on like some lion of the

Korean
battlements: 총 쏘는 구멍이 있는 쥐색의 그림 물감, 태고의, 회색 옷, jut: 뿌다구니, 돌출부, 돌출,
흉벽. 회색 옷감, 회색으로 되다, 회색의 튀어나오다, 돌기.
breaking: 단선, 파괴, 길들이기, 음의 그림 물감, 회색의 그림 염료. plains: 평지, 야지.
분열, 조교. hammered: 해머로 단조한. pulled: 건강이 쇠약해진, 딴, 털을
fenced: 매매하는, 펜싱하는, heart: 심장, 가슴, 애정, 중심, 용기, 뜯은.
뛰어넘는, 잘얼버무리는, 에 울타리를 본심, 마음속, 마음, 원기, 핵심, 중앙. repel: 쫓아버리다, 반발하다,
치는, 에 담을 치는, 얼버무리는, indifferent: 무관심한, 공평한, 중성의, 격퇴하다, 불쾌감을 주다, 물리치다,
고매하는. 치우치지 않는, 개의치 않는, 평범한, 튀기다, 반박하다, 받지 않다,
grassy: 풀 같은, 풀의, 풀이 무성한, 좋지도 나쁘지도 않은, 변변치 저항하다, 쫓아내다, 튀겨 내다.
풀이 많은. 않은중성의, 중립의, 중요치 않은, sharply: 날카롭게, 빈틈없이, 갑자기,
grey: 회색의, 회색, 노년의, 쥐색 옷감, 시원치 않은. 또렷하게, 세게, 민첩하게, 심하게.
172 The Iliad

wilderness, %who has been long famished for want of meat and will dare break
even into a well-fenced homestead to try and get at the sheep. He may find the
shepherds keeping watch over their flocks with dogs and spears, but he is in no
mind to be driven from the fold till he has had a try for it; he will either spring on
a sheep and carry it off, or be hit by a spear from some strong hand—even so was
Sarpedon fain to attack the wall and break down its battlements. Then he said to
Glaucus son of Hippolochus, “Glaucus, why in Lycia do we receive especial
honour as regards our place at table? Why are the choicest portions served us
and our cups kept brimming, and why do men look up to us as though we were
gods? Moreover we hold a large estate by the banks of the river Xanthus, fair
with orchard lawns and wheat-growing land; it becomes us, therefore, to take
our stand at the head of all the Lycians and bear the brunt of the fight, that one
may say to another, ‘Our princes in Lycia eat the fat of the land and drink best of
wine, but they are fine fellows; they fight well and are ever at the front in battle.’
My good friend, if, when we were once out of this fight, we could escape old age
and death thenceforward and forever, I should neither press forward myself nor
bid you do so, but death in ten thousand shapes hangs ever over our heads, and
no man can elude him; therefore let us go forward and either win glory for
ourselves, or yield it to another.”
Glaucus heeded his saying, and the pair forthwith led on the host of Lycians.
Menestheus son of Peteos was dismayed when he saw them, for it was against
his part of the wall that they came—bringing destruction with them; he looked
along the wall for some chieftain to support his comrades and saw the two
Ajaxes, men ever eager for the fray, and Teucer, who had just come from his tent,
standing near them; but he could not make his voice heard by shouting to them,
so great an uproar was there from crashing shields and helmets and the battering
of gates with a din which reached the skies. For all the gates had been closed,
and the Trojans were hammering at them to try and break their way through
them. Menestheus, therefore, sent Thootes with a message to Ajax. “Run, good
Thootes,” he said, “and call Ajax, or better still bid both come, for it will be all
over with us here directly; the leaders of the Lycians are upon us, men who have
ever fought desperately heretofore. But if they have too much on their hands to
Korean
attack: 습격하다, 공격하다, 침범하다, eat: 먹다, 먹어 들어가다, 침식하다, famished: 굶주림.
착수하다, 공격, 습격, 발성, 발성법, 파괴하다, 먹을 수 있다, 먹이 forever: 영원히, 언제나, 끊임없이,
발음, 발음법, 개시. 들어가다, 식사하다, 슬픔에 잠기다, 영구히, 영원, 항상, 장황히.
brimming: 넘쳐흐르는, 넘치게 따른, 부식하다, 파괴하다-식사하다, hammering: 망치로 침, 해머로 치는,
가득 차게 부은, 넘칠 듯한. 먹을수있다. 맹타, 두드려 만든 무늬, 탕탕치는,
closed: 폐쇄한, 업무를 정지한, elude: 벗어나다, 피하다, 몸을 돌려 망치로 치는 소리.
폐쇄적인, 지붕이 있는, 자음으로 피하다, 빠져나가다. receive: 수신하다, 이해하다,
끝나는, 자급의, 닫은, 교통차단한, especial: 특별한, 각별한. 경험하다, 수용하다, 수취하다, 받다,
비공개의, 배타적인, 금렵중인. estate: 재산, 소유지, 사회적 지위, 사들이다, 수령하다, 응접하다,
directly: 직접으로, 곧바로, 즉시, 유산, 재산권, 소유권, 사회적 신분, 받아내다, 접수하다.
즉시로, 직접, 참으로, 곧장. 토지, 처지, 계급, 살림살이.
 Homer 173

let%them come, at any rate let Ajax son of Telamon do so, and let Teucer, the
famous bowman, come with him.”
The messenger did as he was told, and set off running along the wall of the
Achaeans. When he reached the Ajaxes he said to them, “Sirs, princes of the
Argives, the son of noble Peteos bids you come to him for a while and help him.
You had better both come if you can, or it will be all over with him directly; the
leaders of the Lycians are upon him, men who have ever fought desperately
heretofore; if you have too much on your hands to let both come, at any rate let
Ajax, son of Telamon, do so, and let Teucer, the famous bowman, come with
him.”
Great Ajax son of Telamon heeded the message, and at once spoke to the son
of Oileus. “Ajax,” said he, “do you two, yourself and brave Lycomedes, stay here
and keep the Danaans in heart to fight their hardest. I will go over yonder, and
bear my part in the fray, but I will come back here at once as soon as I have given
them the help they need.”
With this, Ajax son of Telamon set off, and Teucer, his brother by the same
father, went also, with Pandion to carry Teucer’s bow. They went along inside
the wall, and when they came to the tower where Menestheus was (and hard
pressed indeed did they find him) the brave captains and leaders of the Lycians
were storming the battlements as it were a thick dark cloud, fighting in close
quarters, and raising the battle-cry aloud.
First, Ajax son of Telamon killed brave Epicles, a comrade of Sarpedon,
hitting him with a jagged stone that lay by the battlements at the very top of the
wall. As men now are, even one who is in the bloom of youth could hardly lift it
with his two hands, but Ajax raised it high aloft and flung it down, smashing
Epicles’ four-crested helmet so that the bones of his head were crushed to pieces,
and he fell from the high wall as though he were diving, with no more life left in
him. Then Teucer wounded Glaucus the brave son of Hippolochus as he was
coming on to attack the wall. He saw his shoulder bare and aimed an arrow at it,
which made Glaucus leave off fighting. Thereon he sprang covertly down for
fear some of the Achaeans might see that he was wounded and taunt him.

Korean
along: 을 끼고, 을 따라, 을 따라서, diving: 다이빙, 잠수업, 잠수의, 잠수. 인가에 가까운 부분, 내면에, 내면의.
이쪽으로, 로 따라서, 앞으로, 데리고, fell: 벌채, 공그르기, 쳐서 넘어 running: 달리기, 달리는, 잇따른,
가까워져서, 계속 앞으로, 약, 지나서. 뜨리다, 내리다, 내려가다, 운전, 경주, 고름이 나옴, 흐르는,
bowman: 활의사수, 노 젓는 사람, 드리워지다, 쓰러지다, 수피, 새어 유출물, 기어오르는, 주력, 미끄러운.
궁수, 앞노 젓는 사람, 이물노 젓는 나오다, 넘어가다, 다가오다. smashing: 맹렬한, 굉장한, 분쇄하는.
사람. hardly: 간신히, 애써서, 고생하여, top: 팽이, 정상, 끝을 자르다, 수석의,
carry: 이월하다, 나르다, 전하다, 가혹하게, 엄하게, 하기가 무섭게, 최고의, 절정, 표면, 극점, 지붕, 제일
수반하다, 가게에 놓다, 배고 있다, 겨우, 아마 ...아니다, 거의...않다, 위의, 털술.
기르다, 사정, 단번에 넘기다, 머리를 심하게. youth: 젊음, 초기, 청년, 연소, 청춘,
쳐들다, 재정적 원조를 하다. inside: 내부, 내부에, 안쪽, 내부의, 젊은이, 혈기, 발육기, 원기,
covertly: 남몰래. 배, 내막, 안쪽의, 내부에 있는, 젊은이들, 청춘기.
174 The Iliad

Sarpedon was stung with grief when he saw Glaucus leave him, still he did not
leave off fighting, but aimed his spear at Alcmaon the son of Thestor and hit him.
He drew his spear back again and Alcmaon came down headlong after it with
his bronzed armour rattling round him. Then Sarpedon seized the battlement in
his strong hands, and tugged at it till it all gave way together, and a breach was
made through which many might pass.%
Ajax and Teucer then both of them attacked him. Teucer hit him with an
arrow on the band that bore the shield which covered his body, but Jove saved
his son from destruction that he might not fall by the ships’ sterns. Meanwhile
Ajax sprang on him and pierced his shield, but the spear did not go clean
through, though it hustled him back that he could come on no further. He
therefore retired a little space from the battlement, yet without losing all his
ground, for he still thought to cover himself with glory. Then he turned round
and shouted to the brave Lycians saying, “Lycians, why do you thus fail me? For
all my prowess I cannot break through the wall and open a way to the ships
single-handed. Come close on behind me, for the more there are of us the better.”
The Lycians, shamed by his rebuke, pressed closer round him who was their
counsellor and their king. The Argives on their part got their men in fighting
order within the wall, and there was a deadly struggle between them. The
Lycians could not break through the wall and force their way to the ships, nor
could the Danaans drive the Lycians from the wall now that they had once
reached it. As two men, measuring-rods in hand, quarrel about their boundaries
in a field that they own in common, and stickle for their rights though they be
but in a mere strip, even so did the battlements now serve as a bone of
contention, and they beat one another’s round shields for their possession. Many
a man’s body was wounded with the pitiless bronze, as he turned round and
bared his back to the foe, and many were struck clean through their shields; the
wall and battlements were everywhere deluged with the blood alike of Trojans
and of Achaeans. But even so the Trojans could not rout the Achaeans, who still
held on; and as some honest hard-working woman weighs wool in her balance
and sees that the scales be true, for she would gain some pitiful earnings for her

battlement: 총쏘는 구멍이 있는 흉벽,
흉벽, 총안이 있는 흉벽.
breach: 위반, 절교, 파기, 깨뜨리다,
깨뜨림, 갈라진 틈, 부서지는 파도, 물
위로 뛰어 오름, 어기다.
bronzed: 청동빛으로 만든.
closer: 닫는것, 최종회, 폐색기, 닫는
것.
earnings: 소득, 수입, 벌이, 가득액, 번
것.
gain: 획득하다, 이득, 더 가다, 늘다,
Korean
증가, 이익, 잘되다, 진보, 벌이, 사양하는, 은퇴한, 구석진, 삼가는,
끌어들이다, 나아가다. 퇴역한, 시골 구석의.
honest: 정직한, 섞지않은, 성실한, rights: 공민권, 공민권의, 진상.
진짜의, 평판이 좋은, 거짓이 없는, serve: 섬기다, 봉사하다, 차려내다,
기특한. 시중하다, 접대하다, 제공하다,
losing: 승산없는, 실패의, 패배의, 충분하다, 취급하다, 근무하다, 서브
실패, 지는. 방법, 채우다.
possession: 소유, 영지, 점유, 편애, stickle: 망설이다, 완고하게 주장하다,
선입관, 속령, 소유물, 자제, 하찮은 일에 이의를 말하다, 과장해서
소유물.재산, 재산, 흘림. 요란스럽게 떠들어 대기, 완강하게
retired: 외딴, 퇴직한, 궁벽한, 주장하다.
 Homer 175

little ones, even so was the fight balanced evenly between them till the time came
when Jove gave the greater glory to Hector son of Priam, who was first to spring
towards the wall of the Achaeans. When he had done so, he cried aloud to the
Trojans, “Up, Trojans, break the wall of the Argives, and fling fire upon their
ships.”%
Thus did he hound them on, and in one body they rushed straight at the wall
as he had bidden them, and scaled the battlements with sharp spears in their
hands. Hector laid hold of a stone that lay just outside the gates and was thick at
one end but pointed at the other; two of the best men in a town, as men now are,
could hardly raise it from the ground and put it on to a waggon, but Hector
lifted it quite easily by himself, for the son of scheming Saturn made it light for
him. As a shepherd picks up a ram’s fleece with one hand and finds it no
burden, so easily did Hector lift the great stone and drive it right at the doors
that closed the gates so strong and so firmly set. These doors were double and
high, and were kept closed by two cross-bars to which there was but one key.
When he had got close up to them, Hector strode towards them that his blow
might gain in force and struck them in the middle, leaning his whole weight
against them. He broke both hinges, and the stone fell inside by reason of its
great weight. The portals re-echoed with the sound, the bars held no longer, and
the doors flew open, one one way, and the other the other, through the force of
the blow. Then brave Hector leaped inside with a face as dark as that of flying
night. The gleaming bronze flashed fiercely about his body and he had two
spears in his hand. None but a god could have withstood him as he flung himself
into the gateway, and his eyes glared like fire. Then he turned round towards the
Trojans and called on them to scale the wall, and they did as he bade them—
some of them at once climbing over the wall, while others passed through the
gates. The Danaans then fled panic-stricken towards their ships, and all was
uproar and confusion.

Korean
climbing: 기어오르는, 등산, fleece: 털을 깎다, 양털 모양의 것, 중간물, 중간에 두다, 중간의, 중명사.
상승하는, 기어 오름, 등산용의, 양털, 한 마리에서 한번 깎는 양털, pointed: 뾰족한, 가시돋친, 노골적인,
등산용의 기어오름, 기어오름. 보풀이 보드라운 피륙, 양털 모양의 두드러진, 말씨가 명쾌한, 명쾌한.
drive: 몰다, 드라이브, 돌진하다, 것으로 덮다, 빼앗다. scale: 규모, 저울, 체중계, 물때, 등급,
운전하다, 혹사하다, 몰이하다, gateway: 길, 출입구, 수단, 대문, 에 쇠똥, 스케일, 눈금, 사다리로 오르다,
영위하다, 부딪치다, 추진력, 이르는 길. 척도, 천칭.
차로나르다, 쫘다. key: 키, 산호초, 열쇠, 해답, 볼트, waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
evenly: 평등하게, 공평하게, 고르게, 색조, 가락, 주요한, 핀, 건, 중요한 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
평평하게, 평탄하게, 균일하게. 사람. 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
firmly: 굳게, 견고하게, 단단하게, middle: 중앙, 중부, 허리, 중간, 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
확고하게, 단단히, 단호하게. 중명사몸통, 한가운데의, 중앙의, 광차.
176 The Iliad

BOOK XIII

Now%when Jove had thus brought Hector and the Trojans to the ships, he left
them to their never-ending toil, and turned his keen eyes away, looking
elsewhither towards the horse-breeders of Thrace, the Mysians, fighters at close
quarters, the noble Hippemolgi, who live on milk, and the Abians, justest of
mankind. He no longer turned so much as a glance towards Troy, for he did not
think that any of the immortals would go and help either Trojans or Danaans.
But King Neptune had kept no blind look-out; he had been looking
admiringly on the battle from his seat on the topmost crests of wooded
Samothrace, whence he could see all Ida, with the city of Priam and the ships of
the Achaeans. He had come from under the sea and taken his place here, for he
pitied the Achaeans who were being overcome by the Trojans; and he was
furiously angry with Jove.
Presently he came down from his post on the mountain top, and as he strode
swiftly onwards the high hills and the forest quaked beneath the tread of his
immortal feet. Three strides he took, and with the fourth he reached his goal—
Aegae, where is his glittering golden palace, imperishable, in the depths of the
sea. When he got there, he yoked his fleet brazen-footed steeds with their manes
of gold all flying in the wind; he clothed himself in raiment of gold, grasped his
gold whip, and took his stand upon his chariot. As he went his way over the

Korean
admiringly: 감탄하며, 찬미하며. 불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, 짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을 애써
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 이룩하다.
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의, topmost: 최고의, 절정의, 최상의.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람. tread: 밟아 뭉개다, 걷다, 짓밟다,
elsewhither: 다른 곳에, 다른 경우에. imperishable: 불멸의, 불후의, 밟다, 걸음걸이, 밟기, 교미하다,
glance: 빗나가다 흘긋 돌리다, 훑어 부패하지 않는, 불사의, 영원한. 가로장, 밟는 소리, 억누르다, 디딤판.
보다, 잠깐 언급되다, 잠깐 보아서, manes: 조상의 영혼. whence: 하는 그 곳으로, 어찌하여,
흘긋 봄, 일견하다, 흘긋 돌리다, never-ending: 끝없는. 어디서, 바의, 왜, 어떻게, 출처, 하는,
스치고 지나가 다, 흘긋, 일견, 번쩍 raiment: 의류, 의복. 어디로부터.
빛나다. toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다, wooded: 나무가 무성한, 한 목질의,
immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, 올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다, 삼림이 있는, 삼림이 많은.
 Homer 177

waves the sea-monsters left their lairs, for they knew their lord, and came
gambolling round him from every quarter of the deep, while the sea in her
gladness opened a path before his chariot. So lightly did the horses fly that the
bronze axle of the car was not even wet beneath it; and thus his bounding steeds
took him to the ships of the Achaeans.%
Now there is a certain huge cavern in the depths of the sea midway between
Tenedos and rocky Imbrus; here Neptune lord of the earthquake stayed his
horses, unyoked them, and set before them their ambrosial forage. He hobbled
their feet with hobbles of gold which none could either unloose or break, so that
they might stay there in that place until their lord should return. This done he
went his way to the host of the Achaeans.
Now the Trojans followed Hector son of Priam in close array like a storm-
cloud or flame of fire, fighting with might and main and raising the cry battle; for
they deemed that they should take the ships of the Achaeans and kill all their
chiefest heroes then and there. Meanwhile earth-encircling Neptune lord of the
earthquake cheered on the Argives, for he had come up out of the sea and had
assumed the form and voice of Calchas.
First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, who were doing their best already, and said,
“Ajaxes, you two can be the saving of the Achaeans if you will put out all your
strength and not let yourselves be daunted. I am not afraid that the Trojans, who
have got over the wall in force, will be victorious in any other part, for the
Achaeans can hold all of them in check, but I much fear that some evil will befall
us here where furious Hector, who boasts himself the son of great Jove himself, is
leading them on like a pillar of flame. May some god, then, put it into your
hearts to make a firm stand here, and to incite others to do the like. In this case
you will drive him from the ships even though he be inspired by Jove himself.”
As he spoke the earth-encircling lord of the earthquake struck both of them
with his sceptre and filled their hearts with daring. He made their legs light and
active, as also their hands and their feet. Then, as the soaring falcon poises on the
wing high above some sheer rock, and presently swoops down to chase some
bird over the plain, even so did Neptune lord of the earthquake wing his flight

Korean
active: 능동의, 활동적인, 힘센, deep: 깊은, 심원한, 심연, 진로, 좁은 길.
적극적인, 활성, 능동태의, 활동중인, 마음으로부터의, 목소리가 굵고 낮은, quarter: 소식통, 숙박시키다,
활기 있는, 현역의, 프로그램된, 몰두해 있는, 심한, 깊숙이, 깊이 네갈래로 찢다, 쿼터, 주거, 지구,
유효한. 파묻힌, 음험한, 색이 짙은. 짐승의 네 발의 하나, 부서, 십오분,
afraid: 두려워하여, 근심하여, falcon: 송골매, 매, 새매. 사분의 한1발, 병사.
걱정하여, 유감으로 생각하다, gladness: 기쁨, 즐거움. unloose: 풀다, 늦추다.
염려하여, 싫어하여. inspired: 영감을 받은, 숨을 들이마신, wet: 술, 젖은, 적시다, 습기, 젖다,
assumed: 가장한, 꾸민, 가정한, 영감으로 쓰여진, 사실에 기인하지 축축한, 비의, 우천, 물기, 비,
인수한. 않는, 내의를 받은, 뜻을 반영한, 주류제조 판매를 허가하고 있는.
cavern: 동굴, 동굴에 넣다, 공동, 땅굴, 영감을 느낀, 사주를 받은.
에 굴을 파다, 큰 동굴. path: 통로, 행로, 길, 경로, 경주로,
178 The Iliad

into%the air and leave them. Of the two, swift Ajax son of Oileus was the first to
know who it was that had been speaking with them, and said to Ajax son of
Telamon, “Ajax, this is one of the gods that dwell on Olympus, who in the
likeness of the prophet is bidding us fight hard by our ships. It was not Calchas
the seer and diviner of omens; I knew him at once by his feet and knees as he
turned away, for the gods are soon recognised. Moreover I feel the lust of battle
burn more fiercely within me, while my hands and my feet under me are more
eager for the fray.”
And Ajax son of Telamon answered, “I too feel my hands grasp my spear
more firmly; my strength is greater, and my feet more nimble; I long, moreover,
to meet furious Hector son of Priam, even in single combat.”
Thus did they converse, exulting in the hunger after battle with which the
god had filled them. Meanwhile the earth-encircler roused the Achaeans, who
were resting in the rear by the ships overcome at once by hard fighting and by
grief at seeing that the Trojans had got over the wall in force. Tears began falling
from their eyes as they beheld them, for they made sure that they should not
escape destruction; but the lord of the earthquake passed lightly about among
them and urged their battalions to the front.
First he went up to Teucer and Leitus, the hero Peneleos, and Thoas and
Deipyrus; Meriones also and Antilochus, valiant warriors; all did he exhort.
“Shame on you young Argives,” he cried, “it was on your prowess I relied for
the saving of our ships; if you fight not with might and main, this very day will
see us overcome by the Trojans. Of a truth my eyes behold a great and terrible
portent which I had never thought to see—the Trojans at our ships—they, who
were heretofore like panic-stricken hinds, the prey of jackals and wolves in a
forest, with no strength but in flight for they cannot defend themselves. Hitherto
the Trojans dared not for one moment face the attack of the Achaeans, but now
they have sallied far from their city and are fighting at our very ships through
the cowardice of our leader and the disaffection of the people themselves, who
in their discontent care not to fight in defence of the ships but are being
slaughtered near them. True, King Agamemnon son of Atreus is the cause of our

Korean
air: 공기, 대기, 산들바람, 선율, 모양, 공복, 갈망, 기근, 배가 고프다, 알리는 사람, 구약 성서의 예언서,
노래, 공중, 하늘, 태도, 가락, 외양. 열망하다, 굶주리게 하다, 열망. 마호메트, 대변자, 사물을 예지하는
disaffection: 불평, 불만, 모반심, 민심 nimble: 재빠른, 영리한, 현명한, 잘된, 사람, 주의 따위의 대변자.
이탈, 이반. 민첩한, 빈틈없는, 잘 생각해 낸, rear: 뒤, 기르다, 변소, 세우다, 후위,
diviner: 점쟁이, 광맥을 찾아내는 재주있는, 융통성있는, 재치있는, 올리다, 배후, 일으키다, 변소에 가다,
사람, 예언자, 점치는 사람, 수맥, 재치가 풍부한. 사육하다, 후위의.
수맥을 찾아내는 사람. prey: 괴롭히다, 먹이, 밥, 희생, swift: 즉석의, 빠른, 칼새, 하기 쉬운,
grasp: 잡다, 지배, 쥐다, 쥠, 잡으려 해하다, 포식, 약탈품, 잡아먹다, 빨리, 순식간의, 스위프트, 잽싸게,
하다, 자루, 이해하다, 이해, 약탈품- 먹이로 하다, 약탈하다, 동작이 빠른 사람, 동작이 빠른 것.
달려들다, 손잡이, 이해력. 먹이로 하다.
hunger: 굶주림, 갈망하다, 굶주리다, prophet: 예언자, 예언서, 신의 뜻을
 Homer 179

disaster%by having insulted the son of Peleus, still this is no reason why we
should leave off fighting. Let us be quick to heal, for the hearts of the brave heal
quickly. You do ill to be thus remiss, you, who are the finest soldiers in our
whole army. I blame no man for keeping out of battle if he is a weakling, but I
am indignant with such men as you are. My good friends, matters will soon
become even worse through this slackness; think, each one of you, of his own
honour and credit, for the hazard of the fight is extreme. Great Hector is now
fighting at our ships; he has broken through the gates and the strong bolt that
held them.”
Thus did the earth-encircler address the Achaeans and urge them on.
Thereon round the two Ajaxes there gathered strong bands of men, of whom not
even Mars nor Minerva, marshaller of hosts could make light if they went among
them, for they were the picked men of all those who were now awaiting the
onset of Hector and the Trojans. They made a living fence, spear to spear, shield
to shield, buckler to buckler, helmet to helmet, and man to man. The horse-hair
crests on their gleaming helmets touched one another as they nodded forward,
so closely serried were they; the spears they brandished in their strong hands
were interlaced, and their hearts were set on battle.
The Trojans advanced in a dense body, with Hector at their head pressing
right on as a rock that comes thundering down the side of some mountain from
whose brow the winter torrents have torn it; the foundations of the dull thing
have been loosened by floods of rain, and as it bounds headlong on its way it
sets the whole forest in an uproar; it swerves neither to right nor left till it
reaches level ground, but then for all its fury it can go no further—even so easily
did Hector for a while seem as though he would career through the tents and
ships of the Achaeans till he had reached the sea in his murderous course; but the
closely serried battalions stayed him when he reached them, for the sons of the
Achaeans thrust at him with swords and spears pointed at both ends, and drove
him from them so that he staggered and gave ground; thereon he shouted to the
Trojans, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians, fighters in close combat, stand firm:
the Achaeans have set themselves as a wall against me, but they will not check

address: 연설, 청원, 구혼, 제언, 주소,
인사, 수신인 이름.주소, 수신인 이름,
인사말, 사무 능력, 본격적으로
착수하다.
bolt: 볼트, 전광, 빗장, 굵은 화살,
체질하다, 빗장으로 걸다, 번개불,
음미하다, 뛰어나가다, 도주-
뛰어나가다, 죔못.
broken: 파산한, 길든, 부서진, 서투른,
울퉁불퉁한, 끊어진, 깨진, 단속적인,
낙담한, 지리멸렬의, 짓밟힌.
Korean
buckler: 둥근방패, 둥근 방패, 방패. hazard: 우연, 위험, 운, 모험, 걸다,
closely: 꽉, 열심히, 밀접하게, 면밀히, 주사위 놀이의 일종, 해보다,
접근하여, 일심으로, 알뜰하게, 위태롭게 하다, 위험을 무릅쓰고
친밀하게, 엄중히, 친밀히, 엄밀히. 하다, 주사위 도박의 일종.
fence: 검술, 변론의 교묘함, 방어하다, indignant: 분개한, 성난.
울타리, 담을 뛰어넘다, 담, 검술을 insulted: 모욕한.
하다, 장물 취득인, 펜싱, rain: 비, 비를 내리다, 우기, 우천,
울타리를하다, 울타리를 하다. 빗발치듯 퍼붓다, 강우, 비가 오다,
forest: 숲, 삼림, 식림하다, 에 비오듯 하다, 빗발처럼 쏟아지다,
식목하다, 숲으로만들다, 숲으로 엎친데 덮치기, 의 비를 내리게하다.
만들다, 사냥터, 숲처럼 총총 선 것.
180 The Iliad

me for long; they will give ground before me if the mightiest of the gods, the
thundering spouse of Juno, has indeed inspired my onset.”
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Deiphobus son of
Priam went about among them intent on deeds of daring with his round shield
before him, under cover of which he strode quickly forward. Meriones took aim
at him with a spear, nor did he fail to hit the broad orb of ox-hide; but he was far
from piercing it for the spear broke in two pieces long ere he could do so;
moreover Deiphobus had seen it coming and had held his shield well away from
him. Meriones drew back under cover of his comrades, angry alike at having
failed to vanquish Deiphobus, and having broken his spear. He turned therefore
towards the ships and tents to fetch a spear which he had left behind in his tent.%
The others continued fighting, and the cry of battle rose up into the heavens.
Teucer son of Telamon was the first to kill his man, to wit, the warrior Imbrius,
son of Mentor, rich in horses. Until the Achaeans came he had lived in Pedaeum,
and had married Medesicaste, a bastard daughter of Priam; but on the arrival of
the Danaan fleet he had gone back to Ilius, and was a great man among the
Trojans, dwelling near Priam himself, who gave him like honour with his own
sons. The son of Telamon now struck him under the ear with a spear which he
then drew back again, and Imbrius fell headlong as an ash-tree when it is felled
on the crest of some high mountain beacon, and its delicate green foliage comes
toppling down to the ground. Thus did he fall with his bronze-dight armour
ringing harshly round him, and Teucer sprang forward with intent to strip him
of his armour; but as he was doing so, Hector took aim at him with a spear.
Teucer saw the spear coming and swerved aside, whereon it hit Amphimachus,
son of Cteatus son of Actor, in the chest as he was coming into battle, and his
armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. Hector sprang
forward to take Amphimachus’s helmet from off his temples, and in a moment
Ajax threw a spear at him, but did not wound him, for he was encased all over in
his terrible armour; nevertheless the spear struck the boss of his shield with such
force as to drive him back from the two corpses, which the Achaeans then drew
off. Stichius and Menestheus, captains of the Athenians, bore away

Korean
arrival: 도착, 도착자, 출현, 도달, 연기하는.
신생아, 입항, 출생, 도착의, cover: 덮다, 뚜껑, 덮개, 가다, 가리다,
도착자물. 구실, 모자를 씌우다, 한 사람분의
boss: 두목, 감독, 사마귀, 보스, 둥근 식기, 덮어 씌우다, 떠맡다, 뚜껑을
돌기, 감독하다, 우두머리가되다, 덮다.
보스가 되다, 두목이 되다, 돌기, delicate: 섬세한, 허약한, 고상한,
양각. 정묘한, 미묘한, 민감한, 우아한, 솜씨
continued: 계속된, 연장된, 연속되고 좋은, 세심한 주의가 필요한, 정밀한,
있는, 계속하는, 존속하는, 맛좋은.
존속시키는, 연장하는, 계속하여 foliage: 잎, 잎장식, 잎 무늬 장식,
진술하는, 계속시키는, 계속되는, 잎전부.
green: 청춘, 녹색, 속기 쉬운, 숫된,
초원, 초록색의, 풋내기의, 푸른 풀로
덮인, 골프장, 공유의 풀밭, 녹색
안료.
harshly: 거칠게, 엄하게, 귀에
거슬릴만큼, 거치게.
heavily: 느릿느릿, 무겁게, 묵직하게,
힘에겨운듯이, 무겁게 육중하게,
무거운 듯이, 답답하게, 몹시,
엄숙하고 무게있게.
spouse: 배우자, 부부, 와 결혼하다.
 Homer 181

Amphimachus to the host of the Achaeans, while the two brave and impetuous
Ajaxes did the like by Imbrius. As two lions snatch a goat from the hounds that
have it in their fangs, and bear it through thick brushwood high above the
ground in their jaws, thus did the Ajaxes bear aloft the body of Imbrius, and strip
it of its armour. Then the son of Oileus severed the head from the neck in
revenge for the death of Amphimachus, and sent it whirling over the crowd as
though it had been a ball, till it fell in the dust at Hector’s feet.%
Neptune was exceedingly angry that his grandson Amphimachus should
have fallen; he therefore went to the tents and ships of the Achaeans to urge the
Danaans still further, and to devise evil for the Trojans. Idomeneus met him, as
he was taking leave of a comrade, who had just come to him from the fight,
wounded in the knee. His fellow-soldiers bore him off the field, and Idomeneus
having given orders to the physicians went on to his tent, for he was still
thirsting for battle. Neptune spoke in the likeness and with the voice of Thoas
son of Andraemon who ruled the Aetolians of all Pleuron and high Calydon, and
was honoured among his people as though he were a god. “Idomeneus,” said he,
“lawgiver to the Cretans, what has now become of the threats with which the
sons of the Achaeans used to threaten the Trojans?”
And Idomeneus chief among the Cretans answered, “Thoas, no one, so far as
I know, is in fault, for we can all fight. None are held back neither by fear nor
slackness, but it seems to be the will of almighty Jove that the Achaeans should
perish ingloriously here far from Argos: you, Thoas, have been always staunch,
and you keep others in heart if you see any fail in duty; be not then remiss now,
but exhort all to do their utmost.”
To this Neptune lord of the earthquake made answer, “Idomeneus, may he
never return from Troy, but remain here for dogs to batten upon, who is this day
wilfully slack in fighting. Get your armour and go, we must make all haste
together if we may be of any use, though we are only two. Even cowards gain
courage from companionship, and we two can hold our own with the bravest.”
Therewith the god went back into the thick of the fight, and Idomeneus when
he had reached his tent donned his armour, grasped his two spears, and sallied

ball: 공, 야구, 구, 구기, 공놀이, 탄환,
남자, 천체, 포환, 무도회, 용기.
batten: 작은 절빤지, 살찌게하다, 많이
먹다, 마루청을 깔다, 먹이다, 좁은
널, 좁은 널을 붙이다, 잔뜩 먹다,
바디.
brushwood: 베어낸 작은 나뭇가지,
숲, 물거리, 잘라 낸 곁가지.
companionship: 교제, 동무로서
사귀기, 식자공동료, 친구로서
사귀기, 친구들, 최하위 훈작사의
Korean
위계, 교우관계, 교우, 식자공 동료, 무릎으로 건드리다, 무릎 모양의
최하위 훈작사. 물건.
devise: 궁리하다, 안출하다, 유증하다, snatch: 와락 붙잡다, 잡아챔, 작은
유증, 유증하다-유증, 부동산 유증, 조각, 강탈, 급히 먹다, 한입, 단시간,
고안하다. 단편, 잡으려고 하다, 용하게 얻다,
exceedingly: 대단히, 엄청나게, 매우, 움켜잡으려들다.
굉장히. staunch: 물이 새지 않는.
impetuous: 격렬한, 맹렬한, 열렬한, threaten: 위협하다, 할 듯하다, 닥치고
성급한, 충동적인, 성급함. 있다, 의 우려가 있다, 할 우려가
knee: 무릎, 무릎으로 대다, 있다, 협박하다, 임박하다.
무릎모양의 것, 무릎 모양의 것,
182 The Iliad

forth. As the lightning which the son of Saturn brandishes from bright Olympus
when he would show a sign to mortals, and its gleam flashes far and wide—even
so did his armour gleam about him as he ran. Meriones his sturdy squire met
him while he was still near his tent (for he was going to fetch his spear) and
Idomeneus said:
“Meriones, fleet son of Molus, best of comrades, why have you left the field?
Are you wounded, and is the point of the weapon hurting you? or have you been
sent to fetch me? I want no fetching; I had far rather fight than stay in my tent.”%
“Idomeneus,” answered Meriones, “I come for a spear, if I can find one in my
tent; I have broken the one I had, in throwing it at the shield of Deiphobus.”
And Idomeneus captain of the Cretans answered, “You will find one spear,
or twenty if you so please, standing up against the end wall of my tent. I have
taken them from Trojans whom I have killed, for I am not one to keep my enemy
at arm’s length; therefore I have spears, bossed shields, helmets, and burnished
corslets.”
Then Meriones said, “I too in my tent and at my ship have spoils taken from
the Trojans, but they are not at hand. I have been at all times valorous, and
wherever there has been hard fighting have held my own among the foremost.
There may be those among the Achaeans who do not know how I fight, but you
know it well enough yourself.”
Idomeneus answered, “I know you for a brave man: you need not tell me. If
the best men at the ships were being chosen to go on an ambush—and there is
nothing like this for showing what a man is made of; it comes out then who is
cowardly and who brave; the coward will change colour at every touch and turn;
he is full of fears, and keeps shifting his weight first on one knee and then on the
other; his heart beats fast as he thinks of death, and one can hear the chattering of
his teeth; whereas the brave man will not change colour nor be frightened on
finding himself in ambush, but is all the time longing to go into action—if the
best men were being chosen for such a service, no one could make light of your
courage nor feats of arms. If you were struck by a dart or smitten in close
combat, it would not be from behind, in your neck nor back, but the weapon
Korean
ambush: 잠복, 매복, 복병, 매복장소, 평결, 여러 도구 및 재료, 발견물, 신호하다, 사인, 길잡이.
숨어서 기다리다, 메복하다. 인정, 조사 결과, 여러 가지 도구 및 smitten: 깊이 감동된, 세게 맞은.
bright: 유망한, 화창한, 환한, 쾌활한, 재료. touch: 촉감, 가벼운 병, 기항하다,
밝게빛나는, 머리가좋은, 밝다, shifting: 이동하는, 바뀌는, 속임수, 언급하다, 가필하다, 감동시키다,
영리한, 투명한, 빈틈없는, 선명한. 협잡의, 이동, 수책을 부리는, 술책을 접촉, 촉진, 대다, 접촉하다, 만지다.
colour: 물들이다, 색 착색하다, 과실이 부리는. valorous: 씩씩한, 용감한.
물들다, 국기에 대한 경례, 군기, showing: 전시, 외관, 새가 좋다, 진열, weight: 무게, 가중치, 중량, 압박,
군기에 대한 경례, 군대, 개성, 꾸밈, 모양새, 전람, 상영, 성적, 무겁게하다, 무거운 짐을 지우다,
물들다, 입장, 색 리본. 전시회, 정세. 무거운 짐, 무거운 물건, 괴롭히다,
fetching: 사람의 눈을 끄는, 매혹하는. sign: 기호, 간판, 표시, 손짓, 서명시켜 중요성, 무게를 가하다.
finding: 발견, 사실 인정, 조사결과, 고용하다, 기적, 서명하다, 징후,
 Homer 183

would%hit you in the chest or belly as you were pressing forward to a place in
the front ranks. But let us no longer stay here talking like children, lest we be ill
spoken of; go, fetch your spear from the tent at once.”
On this Meriones, peer of Mars, went to the tent and got himself a spear of
bronze. He then followed after Idomeneus, big with great deeds of valour. As
when baneful Mars sallies forth to battle, and his son Panic so strong and
dauntless goes with him, to strike terror even into the heart of a hero—the pair
have gone from Thrace to arm themselves among the Ephyri or the brave
Phlegyans, but they will not listen to both the contending hosts, and will give
victory to one side or to the other—even so did Meriones and Idomeneus,
captains of men, go out to battle clad in their bronze armour. Meriones was first
to speak. “Son of Deucalion,” said he, “where would you have us begin fighting?
On the right wing of the host, in the centre, or on the left wing, where I take it the
Achaeans will be weakest?”
Idomeneus answered, “There are others to defend the centre—the two Ajaxes
and Teucer, who is the finest archer of all the Achaeans, and is good also in a
hand-to-hand fight. These will give Hector son of Priam enough to do; fight as he
may, he will find it hard to vanquish their indomitable fury, and fire the ships,
unless the son of Saturn fling a firebrand upon them with his own hand. Great
Ajax son of Telamon will yield to no man who is in mortal mould and eats the
grain of Ceres, if bronze and great stones can overthrow him. He would not
yield even to Achilles in hand-to-hand fight, and in fleetness of foot there is none
to beat him; let us turn therefore towards the left wing, that we may know
forthwith whether we are to give glory to some other, or he to us.”
Meriones, peer of fleet Mars, then led the way till they came to the part of the
host which Idomeneus had named.
Now when the Trojans saw Idomeneus coming on like a flame of fire, him
and his squire clad in their richly wrought armour, they shouted and made
towards him all in a body, and a furious hand-to-hand fight raged under the
ships’ sterns. Fierce as the shrill winds that whistle upon a day when dust lies
deep on the roads, and the gusts raise it into a thick cloud—even such was the

Korean
begin: 착수하다, 시작되다, 시작하다, forward: 앞으로, 전방의, 회송하다, 타도하다, 타도, 전복시키다, 정복.
말하기 시작하다, 할 것 같지 않다, 급진적인, 촉진하다, 발송하다, talking: 담화, 말하는, 표정이 풍부한,
하기 시작하다. 진보적인, 앞에, 철 이른, 전방으로의, 수다, 수다스러운.
dauntless: 대담한, 겁 없는. 조숙한. unless: 을 제외하고, 외에는, 을
eats: 먹을것, 음식물. goes: 미국의 정지 기상 위성. 제외하면, 이 아닌 한, 하는 일
fire: 불, 화재, 발사, 염증, 모닥불, grain: 곡물, 낟알, 그레인, 미량, 성질, 없이는, 만약...이 아니면.
자극하다, 흥분시키다, 포화, 시련, 나뭇결, 돌결, 알로 만들다, 특성, whistle: 휘파람, 호각, 기적을 울리다,
불지르다, 광채. 성미, 껄걸한 면. 휘파람을 불다, 경적, 휘파람불다,
firebrand: 횃불, 선동자, 열렬한 indomitable: 굴복하지 않는, 불굴의 헛되이 바라다, 팽 하고 날다,
정력가, 불붙은 관솔, 불타는 나뭇 지지 않으려고 하는, 굽히지 않는. 휘파람으로 부르다, 입, 기적.
조각. overthrow: 뒤집어 엎다, 전복, 파괴,
184 The Iliad

fury of the combat, and might and main did they hack at each other with spear
and sword throughout the host. The field bristled with the long and deadly
spears which they bore. Dazzling was the sheen of their gleaming helmets, their
fresh-burnished breastplates, and glittering shields as they joined battle with one
another. Iron indeed must be his courage who could take pleasure in the sight of
such a turmoil, and look on it without being dismayed.%
Thus did the two mighty sons of Saturn devise evil for mortal heroes. Jove
was minded to give victory to the Trojans and to Hector, so as to do honour to
fleet Achilles, nevertheless he did not mean to utterly overthrow the Achaean
host before Ilius, and only wanted to glorify Thetis and her valiant son. Neptune
on the other hand went about among the Argives to incite them, having come up
from the grey sea in secret, for he was grieved at seeing them vanquished by the
Trojans, and was furiously angry with Jove. Both were of the same race and
country, but Jove was elder born and knew more, therefore Neptune feared to
defend the Argives openly, but in the likeness of man, he kept on encouraging
them throughout their host. Thus, then, did these two devise a knot of war and
battle, that none could unloose or break, and set both sides tugging at it, to the
failing of men’s knees beneath them.
And now Idomeneus, though his hair was already flecked with grey, called
loud on the Danaans and spread panic among the Trojans as he leaped in among
them. He slew Othryoneus from Cabesus, a sojourner, who had but lately come
to take part in the war. He sought Cassandra, the fairest of Priam’s daughters, in
marriage, but offered no gifts of wooing, for he promised a great thing, to wit,
that he would drive the sons of the Achaeans willy nilly from Troy; old King
Priam had given his consent and promised her to him, whereon he fought on the
strength of the promises thus made to him. Idomeneus aimed a spear, and hit
him as he came striding on. His cuirass of bronze did not protect him, and the
spear stuck in his belly, so that he fell heavily to the ground. Then Idomeneus
vaunted over him saying, “Othryoneus, there is no one in the world whom I
shall admire more than I do you, if you indeed perform what you have promised
Priam son of Dardanus in return for his daughter. We too will make you an offer;

Korean
admire: 감탄하다, 칭찬하다, flecked: 얼룩이 있는, 반점, 주근깨가 매다, 곤란, 난국, 떼, 나비 매듭,
기뻐하다, 좋아하다, 찬미하다, 잇는. 마디, 매어지다.
황홀하게 바라보다, 탄복하며 glorify: 칭찬하다, 영광을 더하다, pleasure: 기호, 오락, 의지, 쾌락,
바라보다, 찬탄하다, 탄복하다. 찬미하다, 장식하다, 꾸미다, 즐거움, 욕구, 유쾌, 즐기다, 특히
dazzling: 눈부신. 미화하다, 영광을 찬송하다, 육체적 쾌락, 육체적 쾌락,
encouraging: 유망한, 격려의, 힘을 칭송하다. 만족시키다.
북돋아 주는, 격려되는, 장려하는, hack: 잘게 썰다, 고용된, 자르다, secret: 비밀의, 비밀을 지키는, 비결,
장려의. 난도질하다, 택시, 삯말을 타다, 삯말, 음부, 숨은, 신비스러운, 비법, 신비,
failing: 실패, 이 없어서, 결점, 부족, 승용말, 써서 낡게 한, 쳐서 자르다, 외딴, 불가사의, 비밀.
이 없을 경우에는, 약점, 애 없는 파서 헤치다. sheen: 빗남, 광채, 광택, 윤, 광휘.
경우에는, 쇠약, 낙제, 파산, 실패의. knot: 혹, 무리, 매듭, 매듭을 짓다, sojourner: 머무르는 사람, 체재인.
 Homer 185

we%will give you the loveliest daughter of the son of Atreus, and will bring her
from Argos for you to marry, if you will sack the goodly city of Ilius in company
with ourselves; so come along with me, that we may make a covenant at the
ships about the marriage, and we will not be hard upon you about gifts of
wooing.”
With this Idomeneus began dragging him by the foot through the thick of the
fight, but Asius came up to protect the body, on foot, in front of his horses which
his esquire drove so close behind him that he could feel their breath upon his
shoulder. He was longing to strike down Idomeneus, but ere he could do so
Idomeneus smote him with his spear in the throat under the chin, and the bronze
point went clean through it. He fell as an oak, or poplar, or pine which
shipwrights have felled for ship’s timber upon the mountains with whetted
axes—even thus did he lie full length in front of his chariot and horses, grinding
his teeth and clutching at the bloodstained dust. His charioteer was struck with
panic and did not dare turn his horses round and escape: thereupon Antilochus
hit him in the middle of his body with a spear; his cuirass of bronze did not
protect him, and the spear stuck in his belly. He fell gasping from his chariot and
Antilochus, great Nestor’s son, drove his horses from the Trojans to the
Achaeans.
Deiphobus then came close up to Idomeneus to avenge Asius, and took aim
at him with a spear, but Idomeneus was on the look-out and avoided it, for he
was covered by the round shield he always bore—a shield of oxhide and bronze
with two arm-rods on the inside. He crouched under cover of this, and the spear
flew over him, but the shield rang out as the spear grazed it, and the weapon
sped not in vain from the strong hand of Deiphobus, for it struck Hypsenor son
of Hippasus, shepherd of his people, in the liver under the midriff, and his limbs
failed beneath him. Deiphobus vaunted over him and cried with a loud voice
saying, “Of a truth Asius has not fallen unavenged; he will be glad even while
passing into the house of Hades, strong warden of the gate, that I have sent
some one to escort him.”

Korean
clean: 완전한, 청결한, 깨끗한, 제분, 지루한, 매우 아픈, 압제의, 즉시.
청소하다, 결백한, 깨끗해지다, 주입식 교수, 타기, 타는, 힘드는. throat: 좁은 통로, 목소리, 목, 기관,
흠없는, 순결한, 새로운, 아주, passing: 통행하는, 합격의, 대충의, 목구멍, 에 홈을 만들다, 에 홈을
순수한. 목전의, 삽시간의, 소멸, 통행, 파다, 좁은 입구, 좁은 출구, 목구멍
escort: 호위자, 호위하다, 호위, 호송, 통과하는, 통과, 의안 따위의 통과, 모양의 물건.
호송하다, 남성 동반자, 호위대, 사건 따위의 발생. timber: 재목, 큰 재목, 재목으로
경호하다, 동행하다. strong: 유력한, 강한, 강렬한, 열심인, 건축하다, 인품, 선재, 용재, 소질,
gate: 수문, 문, 입장자수, 입장권 튼튼한, 굳센, 힘찬, 큰, 잘하는, 수목, 삼림, 목조 장애물, 삼주문.
매상총액, 문짝, 금족을 명하다, 인원이 ...인, 힘센. warden: 교장, 장, 학장, 간수장,
출입구, 차단기, 시가, 법정, 방법. thereupon: 그위에, 그러므로, 교구위원, 문시인, 감시인, 감독,
grinding: 가는, 갈기, 삐걱거리는, 그리하여, 거기서, 그 위에, 그 후 감시원, 교도소장, 교회 위원.
186 The Iliad

Thus%did he vaunt, and the Argives were stung by his saying. Noble
Antilochus was more angry than any one, but grief did not make him forget his
friend and comrade. He ran up to him, bestrode him, and covered him with his
shield; then two of his staunch comrades, Mecisteus son of Echius, and Alastor,
stooped down, and bore him away groaning heavily to the ships. But Idomeneus
ceased not his fury. He kept on striving continually either to enshroud some
Trojan in the darkness of death, or himself to fall while warding off the evil day
from the Achaeans. Then fell Alcathous son of noble Aesyetes; he was son-in-law
to Anchises, having married his eldest daughter Hippodameia, who was the
darling of her father and mother, and excelled all her generation in beauty,
accomplishments, and understanding, wherefore the bravest man in all Troy had
taken her to wife—him did Neptune lay low by the hand of Idomeneus, blinding
his bright eyes and binding his strong limbs in fetters so that he could neither go
back nor to one side, but stood stock still like pillar or lofty tree when Idomeneus
struck him with a spear in the middle of his chest. The coat of mail that had
hitherto protected his body was now broken, and rang harshly as the spear tore
through it. He fell heavily to the ground, and the spear stuck in his heart, which
still beat, and made the butt-end of the spear quiver till dread Mars put an end to
his life. Idomeneus vaunted over him and cried with a loud voice saying,
“Deiphobus, since you are in a mood to vaunt, shall we cry quits now that we
have killed three men to your one? Nay, sir, stand in fight with me yourself, that
you may learn what manner of Jove-begotten man am I that have come hither.
Jove first begot Minos, chief ruler in Crete, and Minos in his turn begot a son,
noble Deucalion. Deucalion begot me to be a ruler over many men in Crete, and
my ships have now brought me hither, to be the bane of yourself, your father,
and the Trojans.”
Thus did he speak, and Deiphobus was in two minds, whether to go back
and fetch some other Trojan to help him, or to take up the challenge single-
handed. In the end, he deemed it best to go and fetch Aeneas, whom he found
standing in the rear, for he had long been aggrieved with Priam because in spite
of his brave deeds he did not give him his due share of honour. Deiphobus went
up to him and said, “Aeneas, prince among the Trojans, if you know any ties of
Korean
binding: 제본, 동이는, 속박하는, 신청을 하다, 의욕이 솟게 함, 냄새를 입히다, 우편물 집배, 우편으로
속박, 붕대, 묶는, 묶는 것, 변비를 맡고 짖다, 거부하다, 당연히 보내다.
일으키는, 선 두르는 재료, 동여 묶는, 요구하다. manner: 방법, 방식, 풍습, 태도, 다소,
꼭 졸라 맴. continually: 빈번히, 줄곧, 계속해서, 작풍, 예절, 양식, 생활 양식, 종류,
blinding: 현혹시키는, 눈을 멀게 끊임없이, 계속적으로. 예의.
하는, 자갈, 새 포장 도로의 틈새기를 generation: 세대, 자손, 산출, 발생, prince: 왕자, 공작, 친왕, 황자, 제후,
메우기 위한 모래, 눈을 어지럽히는, 동시대의 사람들, 생식, 시대, 일대, 왕, 군주, 대가, 태자, 인품이 좋은
사려 분별을 잃게 하는, 침상, 눈을 출생, 일족, 젊은이들. 사람, 대군.
부시게하는, 눈을 멀게하는. mail: 우편물, 우편낭, 우편, 사슬미늘 quits: 승패 없이 대등하여, 피장 장이
challenge: 수하, 수하하다, 도전하다, 갑옷, 우편제도, 쇠사슬 갑옷, 된, 갚거나 또는 보복하여 피장 장이
도전, 촉구하다, 의심하다, 이의 우송하다, 우체, 쇠사슬 갑옷을 된.
 Homer 187

kinship, %help me now to defend the body of your sister’s husband; come with
me to the rescue of Alcathous, who being husband to your sister brought you up
when you were a child in his house, and now Idomeneus has slain him.”
With these words he moved the heart of Aeneas, and he went in pursuit of
Idomeneus, big with great deeds of valour; but Idomeneus was not to be thus
daunted as though he were a mere child; he held his ground as a wild boar at
bay upon the mountains, who abides the coming of a great crowd of men in
some lonely place—the bristles stand upright on his back, his eyes flash fire, and
he whets his tusks in his eagerness to defend himself against hounds and men—
even so did famed Idomeneus hold his ground and budge not at the coming of
Aeneas. He cried aloud to his comrades looking towards Ascalaphus, Aphareus,
Deipyrus, Meriones, and Antilochus, all of them brave soldiers—”Hither my
friends,” he cried, “and leave me not single-handed—I go in great fear by fleet
Aeneas, who is coming against me, and is a redoubtable dispenser of death
battle. Moreover he is in the flower of youth when a man’s strength is greatest; if
I was of the same age as he is and in my present mind, either he or I should soon
bear away the prize of victory.”
On this, all of them as one man stood near him, shield on shoulder. Aeneas
on the other side called to his comrades, looking towards Deiphobus, Paris, and
Agenor, who were leaders of the Trojans along with himself, and the people
followed them as sheep follow the ram when they go down to drink after they
have been feeding, and the heart of the shepherd is glad—even so was the heart
of Aeneas gladdened when he saw his people follow him.
Then they fought furiously in close combat about the body of Alcathous,
wielding their long spears; and the bronze armour about their bodies rang
fearfully as they took aim at one another in the press of the fight, while the two
heroes Aeneas and Idomeneus, peers of Mars, outvied everyone in their desire to
hack at each other with sword and spear. Aeneas took aim first, but Idomeneus
was on the lookout and avoided the spear, so that it sped from Aeneas’ strong
hand in vain, and fell quivering in the ground. Idomeneus meanwhile smote
Oenomaus in the middle of his belly, and broke the plate of his corslet, whereon

Korean
budge: 조금 움직이다, 조금움직이다, 지나가다, 홱 나오다, 순가, 가짜의. 전도, 조망, 망보기, 감시소, 임무.
어린 양의 모피, 움직이게 하다, flower: 꽃, 개화, 꽃이 피다, 화초, plate: 감광판, 금속판, 전기판으로
움직이다, 양보시키다, 생각을 번영하다, 만개, 꽃으로 꾸미다, 에 하다, 판금으로 덮다, 도판, 접시,
바꾸다, 조금 움직이게 하다. 꽃을 피우다, 월경, 사화, 꽃을 벽위의 도리특수판, 요리 한 접시,
desire: 원하다, 정욕, 욕구, 바라다, 피우다. 접시 모양의 것, 쇠미늘 갑옷,
욕구-바라는 것, 바라다-소원, kinship: 유사, 혈족 관계, 친척관계, 도금하다.
바라는 것, 소원, 바람, 욕망, 희망. 성질 따위 유사. quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는,
dispenser: 약제사, 분배자, 조제사, lonely: 쓸쓸한, 고립한, 고독한, 떨리는.
시여하는 사람, 시여자, 자동 판매기. 외톨이, 외로운, 인적이 드문, sister: 자매, 누이, 언니, 자매의, 수녀,
flash: 플래시, 섬광, 허식, 번득임, 고독하게. 짝의, 여자친구, 여자 형제, 여성
번득이다, 방류수, 빛나다, 획 lookout: 관심사, 감시, 전망, 경계망, 단체, 부인회, 동생.
188 The Iliad

his bowels came gushing out and he clutched the earth in the palms of his hands
as he fell sprawling in the dust. Idomeneus drew his spear out of the body, but
could not strip him of the rest of his armour for the rain of darts that were
showered upon him: moreover his strength was now beginning to fail him so
that he could no longer charge, and could neither spring forward to recover his
own weapon nor swerve aside to avoid one that was aimed at him; therefore,
though he still defended himself in hand-to-hand fight, his heavy feet could not
bear him swiftly out of the battle. Deiphobus aimed a spear at him as he was
retreating slowly from the field, for his bitterness against him was as fierce as
ever, but again he missed him, and hit Ascalaphus, the son of Mars; the spear
went through his shoulder, and he clutched the earth in the palms of his hands as
he fell sprawling in the dust.%
Grim Mars of awful voice did not yet know that his son had fallen, for he was
sitting on the summits of Olympus under the golden clouds, by command of
Jove, where the other gods were also sitting, forbidden to take part in the battle.
Meanwhile men fought furiously about the body. Deiphobus tore the helmet
from off his head, but Meriones sprang upon him, and struck him on the arm
with a spear so that the visored helmet fell from his hand and came ringing
down upon the ground. Thereon Meriones sprang upon him like a vulture, drew
the spear from his shoulder, and fell back under cover of his men. Then Polites,
own brother of Deiphobus passed his arms around his waist, and bore him away
from the battle till he got to his horses that were standing in the rear of the fight
with the chariot and their driver. These took him towards the city groaning and
in great pain, with the blood flowing from his arm.
The others still fought on, and the battle-cry rose to heaven without ceasing.
Aeneas sprang on Aphareus son of Caletor, and struck him with a spear in his
throat which was turned towards him; his head fell on one side, his helmet and
shield came down along with him, and death, life’s foe, was shed around him.
Antilochus spied his chance, flew forward towards Thoon, and wounded him as
he was turning round. He laid open the vein that runs all the way up the back to
the neck; he cut this vein clean away throughout its whole course, and Thoon fell

avoid: 피하다, 회피하다, 무효, 무효로
하다, 기피.
bitterness: 씀, 비참함, 격심함, 고통,
신랄, 불황.
blood: 피, 순종, 혈통, 혈액, 살육,
멋있는 젊은이, 혈기, 피의, 피비린내
나는, 새로운 체험을 시키다, 다루기
어려운.
charge: 책임, 지우다, 청구하다, 짐,
충전, 비난하다, 명령, 부담시키다,
청구 금액, 명령하다, 맡은 것.
Korean
heavy: 무거운, 대량의, 격렬한, 바른 길에서 벗어나다, 빗나가게
무거운 사람, 묵직한, 모진, 악인역, 하다, 곡구, 바른길에서 벗어나다.
도가 강한, 다액의, 고된, 심한. vein: 기질, 정맥, 시맥, 광맥, 혈관,
recover: 회복시키다, 회복하다, 특질, 엽맥, 성격, 맥을내다, 돌결,
벌충하다, 되찾다, 보상하다, 승소, 나뭇결.
완쾌, -의 덮개를 갈아 붙이다, 회복, vulture: 독수리, 욕심쟁이, 무자비한
되찾음, 승소하다. 사람, 욕심 많은 사람, 대머리수리.
slowly: 느릿느릿, 더딘, 재미없는, waist: 허리, 블라우스, 요부, 몸통옷,
느린, 늦은, 더디게 하다, 둔한, 가운데의 잘룩한 곳, 허리의 잘룩한
느리게, 천천히. 곳, 여성복의 치수, 여성복의 허리,
swerve: 빗나감, 빗나가다, 벗어남, 중앙의 잘룩한 부분.
 Homer 189

in the dust face upwards, stretching out his hands imploringly towards his
comrades. Antilochus sprang upon him and stripped the armour from his
shoulders, glaring round him fearfully as he did so. The Trojans came about him
on every side and struck his broad and gleaming shield, but could not wound his
body, for Neptune stood guard over the son of Nestor, though the darts fell
thickly round him. He was never clear of the foe, but was always in the thick of
the fight; his spear was never idle; he poised and aimed it in every direction, so
eager was he to hit someone from a distance or to fight him hand to hand.%
As he was thus aiming among the crowd, he was seen by Adamas, son of
Asius, who rushed towards him and struck him with a spear in the middle of his
shield, but Neptune made its point without effect, for he grudged him the life of
Antilochus. One half, therefore, of the spear stuck fast like a charred stake in
Antilochus’s shield, while the other lay on the ground. Adamas then sought
shelter under cover of his men, but Meriones followed after and hit him with a
spear midway between the private parts and the navel, where a wound is
particualrly painful to wretched mortals. There did Meriones transfix him, and
he writhed convulsively about the spear as some bull whom mountain
herdsmen have bound with ropes of withes and are taking away perforce. Even
so did he move convulsively for a while, but not for very long, till Meriones came
up and drew the spear out of his body, and his eyes were veiled in darkness.
Helenus then struck Deipyrus with a great Thracian sword, hitting him on
the temple in close combat and tearing the helmet from his head; the helmet fell
to the ground, and one of those who were fighting on the Achaean side took
charge of it as it rolled at his feet, but the eyes of Deipyrus were closed in the
darkness of death.
On this Menelaus was grieved, and made menacingly towards Helenus,
brandishing his spear; but Helenus drew his bow, and the two attacked one
another at one and the same moment, the one with his spear, and the other with
his bow and arrow. The son of Priam hit the breastplate of Menelaus’s corslet,
but the arrow glanced from off it. As black beans or pulse come pattering down
on to a threshing-floor from the broad winnowing-shovel, blown by shrill winds

Korean
blown: 핀, 숨을 헐떡이는, 파리가 지면, 땅, 접지. 진동하다, 두류, 순간 파동, 뜀, 펄스,
알을 슨, 부푼, 불어서 만든. imploringly: 애원적으로, 탄원하여. 맥이 뛰다.
close: 끝, 끝내다, 접속하다, 끝나다, navel: 배꼽, 중앙, 중심, 네이블, stake: 내기, 이해 관계, 말뚝, 상금,
좁은, 정밀한, 닫다, 한정된, 인색한, 배꼽의. 말뚝에 매다, 화형주, 내기에 건 돈,
가까운, 밀집한. painful: 아픈, 괴로운, 쓰라린, 걸다, 의식을 공급하다, 내개 경마,
convulsively: 발작적으로. 고통스럽게, 애써서. 화형.
direction: 방향, 경향, 명령, 지도, private: 사사로운, 민간의, 관직을 transfix: 그 자리에서 꼼짝 못하게
방위, 지휘, 이사, 지도자의 직, 방면, 갖지 않은, 개인적인, 사용의, 개인의, 하다, 꿰뚫다, 고정시키다, 그 자리에
악보상의 기호, 수취인 주소 성명. 비 공개의, 남의 눈에 띄지 않는, 못박히게 하다, 찌르다.
ground: 어스, 흙, 바탕, 기초, 비밀의, 평민의, 졸병. wretched: 나쁜, 불운한, 지독한,
좌초시키다, 정원, 좌초하다, 근거, pulse: 맥박, 의향, 고동, 움직임, 느낌, 비참한, 야비한, 아주 불쾌한, 서툰.
190 The Iliad

and shaken by the shovel—even so did the arrow glance off and recoil from the
shield of Menelaus, who in his turn wounded the hand with which Helenus
carried his bow; the spear went right through his hand and stuck in the bow
itself, so that to his life he retreated under cover of his men, with his hand
dragging by his side—for the spear weighed it down till Agenor drew it out and
bound the hand carefully up in a woollen sling which his esquire had with
him.%
Pisander then made straight at Menelaus—his evil destiny luring him on to
his doom, for he was to fall in fight with you, O Menelaus. When the two were
hard by one another the spear of the son of Atreus turned aside and he missed
his aim; Pisander then struck the shield of brave Menelaus but could not pierce
it, for the shield stayed the spear and broke the shaft; nevertheless he was glad
and made sure of victory; forthwith, however, the son of Atreus drew his sword
and sprang upon him. Pisander then seized the bronze battle-axe, with its long
and polished handle of olive wood that hung by his side under his shield, and
the two made at one another. Pisander struck the peak of Menelaus’s crested
helmet just under the crest itself, and Menelaus hit Pisander as he was coming
towards him, on the forehead, just at the rise of his nose; the bones cracked and
his two gore-bedrabbled eyes fell by his feet in the dust. He fell backwards to the
ground, and Menelaus set his heel upon him, stripped him of his armour, and
vaunted over him saying, “Even thus shall you Trojans leave the ships of the
Achaeans, proud and insatiate of battle though you be, nor shall you lack any of
the disgrace and shame which you have heaped upon myself. Cowardly she-
wolves that you are, you feared not the anger of dread Jove, avenger of violated
hospitality, who will one day destroy your city; you stole my wedded wife and
wickedly carried off much treasure when you were her guest, and now you
would fling fire upon our ships, and kill our heroes. A day will come when, rage
as you may, you shall be stayed. O father Jove, you, who they say art above all,
both gods and men, in wisdom, and from whom all things that befall us do
proceed, how can you thus favour the Trojans—men so proud and overweening,
that they are never tired of fighting? All things pall after a while—sleep, love,
sweet song, and stately dance—still these are things of which a man would
Korean
avenger: 복수자, 보복자, 원수를 갑는 어린아이, 얇게 썬 쇠고기를 야채에 공무니빼다, 혐오, 다시 감다,
사람. 싸서 찐 요리, 올리브 빛깔의. 퇴각하다.
battle-axe: 전부, 잔소리 많은 여자. overweening: 교만한, 뽐내는, sling: 매다는 사슬, 매달다, 삼각 붕대,
cracked: 금이 간, 깨진, 갈라진, 미친, 자부심이 강한. 투석기로 던지다, 멜빵, 메달아
떨어진, 변성한, 손상된, 모소리가 pall: 물리다, 관 덮는 천, 관 씌우개로 올리다, 투석, 투석기, 투석기로 쏘다,
변한, 뻐개진, 쉰, 어리석은. 덮다, 맛이 없어지다, 막, 음침한 막, 돌을 쏨, 걸빵.
crested: 볏이 있는. 관 덮는 보, 싫증이 나게 하다. stately: 위엄 있는, 장엄한.
destiny: 운명, 천명, 하늘, 하늘의 뜻. polished: 닦은, 광택이 있는, 세련된, wickedly: 불쾌하게, 사악하게,
olive: 올리브색, 올리브, 올리브 나무, 우아한, 닦아 낸, 갈아 낸. 나쁘게.
올리브 열매, 올리브의, 올리브나무, recoil: 뒷걸음질, 반동, 뒷걸음질치다, woollen: 양모의, 모직의, 모직물을
올리브나무의 가지, 올리브 빛깔, 되튀다, 위축, 되튀기, 진저리침, 취급하는.
 Homer 191

surely have his fill rather than of battle, whereas it is of battle that the Trojans are
insatiate.”
So saying Menelaus stripped the blood-stained armour from the body of
Pisander, and handed it over to his men; then he again ranged himself among
those who were in the front of the fight.%
Harpalion son of King Pylaemenes then sprang upon him; he had come to
fight at Troy along with his father, but he did not go home again. He struck the
middle of Menelaus’s shield with his spear but could not pierce it, and to save
his life drew back under cover of his men, looking round him on every side lest
he should be wounded. But Meriones aimed a bronze-tipped arrow at him as he
was leaving the field, and hit him on the right buttock; the arrow pierced the
bone through and through, and penetrated the bladder, so he sat down where he
was and breathed his last in the arms of his comrades, stretched like a worm
upon the ground and watering the earth with the blood that flowed from his
wound. The brave Paphlagonians tended him with all due care; they raised him
into his chariot, and bore him sadly off to the city of Troy; his father went also
with him weeping bitterly, but there was no ransom that could bring his dead
son to life again.
Paris was deeply grieved by the death of Harpalion, who was his host when
he went among the Paphlagonians; he aimed an arrow, therefore, in order to
avenge him. Now there was a certain man named Euchenor, son of Polyidus the
prophet, a brave man and wealthy, whose home was in Corinth. This Euchenor
had set sail for Troy well knowing that it would be the death of him, for his good
old father Polyidus had often told him that he must either stay at home and die
of a terrible disease, or go with the Achaeans and perish at the hands of the
Trojans; he chose, therefore, to avoid incurring the heavy fine the Achaeans
would have laid upon him, and at the same time to escape the pain and
suffering of disease. Paris now smote him on the jaw under his ear, whereon the
life went out of him and he was enshrouded in the darkness of death.
Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. But Hector had not yet
heard, and did not know that the Argives were making havoc of his men on the

Korean
dead: 완전히, 죽은, 무감각한, 설교하다, 남에게 설교하다, 골짜기
활기없는, 지쳐버린, 완전한, 죽은 따위의 좁다란 입구.
듯이 고요함, 가장 생기가 없는 시각, knowing: 멋진, 빈틈 없는, 아는
죽은 사람, 확실한, 몹시. 체하는, 알고 있는, 지식, 멋있는,
disease: 병, 질환, 질병, 병폐, 변질, 사물을 아는, 앎, 잘 알고 있는, 모자
불건전, 폐해, 불건전한 상태, 술의 따위 멋있는, 빈틈없는.
변질. leaving: 찌꺼기, 잔물, 쓰레기.
field: 경기장, 밭, 벌판, 분야, 싸움터, paris: 파리, 프랑스의 수도, 파리스.
산지, 바탕, 광장, 영상면, 내야, 표면. suffering: 괴로움, 고통, 피해, 고생,
jaw: 턱, 수다, 입부분, 잔소리하다, 수난, 재난, 재해, 괴로운.
잔소리, 어귀, 군소리하다, 입 부분, watering: 살수, 해수욕의,
해수욕장의, 급수용의, 물결 무늬,
관수용의, 침을 흘리는, 온천의,
살수용의, 눈곱이 낀, 배수구가 있는
늪.
wealthy: 부유한, 풍부한, 유복한,
부자인, 많은, 넉넉한.
worm: 벌레, 교묘히 환심을 사다,
기듯 나아가다, 벌레처럼 기다,
캐내다, 서서히 나아가게 하다, 벌레
같은 모양, 기생충병, 벌레 같은 인간,
금이 가다, 교묘히 빌붙다.
192 The Iliad

left%wing of the battle, where the Achaeans ere long would have triumphed over
them, so vigorously did Neptune cheer them on and help them. He therefore
held on at the point where he had first forced his way through the gates and the
wall, after breaking through the serried ranks of Danaan warriors. It was here
that the ships of Ajax and Protesilaus were drawn up by the sea-shore; here the
wall was at its lowest, and the fight both of man and horse raged most fiercely.
The Boeotians and the Ionians with their long tunics, the Locrians, the men of
Phthia, and the famous force of the Epeans could hardly stay Hector as he rushed
on towards the ships, nor could they drive him from them, for he was as a wall
of fire. The chosen men of the Athenians were in the van, led by Menestheus son
of Peteos, with whom were also Pheidas, Stichius, and stalwart Bias; Meges son
of Phyleus, Amphion, and Dracius commanded the Epeans, while Medon and
staunch Podarces led the men of Phthia. Of these, Medon was bastard son to
Oileus and brother of Ajax, but he lived in Phylace away from his own country,
for he had killed the brother of his stepmother Eriopis, the wife of Oileus; the
other, Podarces, was the son of Iphiclus, son of Phylacus. These two stood in the
van of the Phthians, and defended the ships along with the Boeotians.
Ajax son of Oileus, never for a moment left the side of Ajax, son of Telamon,
but as two swart oxen both strain their utmost at the plough which they are
drawing in a fallow field, and the sweat steams upwards from about the roots of
their horns—nothing but the yoke divides them as they break up the ground till
they reach the end of the field—even so did the two Ajaxes stand shoulder to
shoulder by one another. Many and brave comrades followed the son of
Telamon, to relieve him of his shield when he was overcome with sweat and toil,
but the Locrians did not follow so close after the son of Oileus, for they could not
hold their own in a hand-to-hand fight. They had no bronze helmets with plumes
of horse-hair, neither had they shields nor ashen spears, but they had come to
Troy armed with bows, and with slings of twisted wool from which they
showered their missiles to break the ranks of the Trojans. The others, therefore,
with their heavy armour bore the brunt of the fight with the Trojans and with
Hector, while the Locrians shot from behind, under their cover; and thus the
Trojans began to lose heart, for the arrows threw them into confusion.
Korean
drawn: 비긴, 빼낸, 속을빼낸, 찡그린, 잡히다, 북두칠성, 낙제시키다. swart: 햇볕에 타게 하는, 유독한,
잡아뽑은, 내장을 따낸, 잡아당겨 shot: 발포, 산탄, 탄환, 포환, 주사, 가무잡잡한, 찰싹 때려 잡다, 찰싹
늘어진, 잡아당겨 일그러진, 그어진. 추측, 시도, 명사, 술집의 계산서, 때림.
lose: 실패하다, 지다, 잃다, 벗어나다, 어림짐작, 촬영거리. twisted: 일그러진, 황홀해진, 꼬인,
패하다, 줄다, 정신 팔리다, 을 stand: 일어서다, 위치하다, 세우다, 술취한, 비틀어진.
잃게하다, 손해보다, 늦어서 못타다, 서다, 침로를 잡다, 받다, 괴다, van: 전위, 선도자, 선구, 유개 화차,
쇠하다. 멈춰서다, 오래가다, 고수하다, 참다. 유개트럭, 선진, 부가 가치 통신망,
plough: 갈다, 경작지, 쟁기, 쟁기 strain: 긴장시키다, 거르다, 종족, 유개 운반차에 싣다, 유개로
모양의 도구, 길을 애써서 나아가다, 경향, 혈통, 기미, 남용하다, 운반하다, 키, 유개 트럭.
충돌하다, 애써서 나아가다, 접질하다, 잡아당기다, 성격, 너무 vigorously: 원기있게.
쟁기질하다, 얼굴 따위에 주름이 써서 손상 시키다.
 Homer 193

The%Trojans would now have been driven in sorry plight from the ships and
tents back to windy Ilius, had not Polydamas presently said to Hector, “Hector,
there is no persuading you to take advice. Because heaven has so richly endowed
you with the arts of war, you think that you must therefore excel others in
counsel; but you cannot thus claim preeminence in all things. Heaven has made
one man an excellent soldier; of another it has made a dancer or a singer and
player on the lyre; while yet in another Jove has implanted a wise understanding
of which men reap fruit to the saving of many, and he himself knows more about
it than any one; therefore I will say what I think will be best. The fight has
hemmed you in as with a circle of fire, and even now that the Trojans are within
the wall some of them stand aloof in full armour, while others are fighting
scattered and outnumbered near the ships. Draw back, therefore, and call your
chieftains round you, that we may advise together whether to fall now upon the
ships in the hope that heaven may vouchsafe us victory, or to beat a retreat while
we can yet safely do so. I greatly fear that the Achaeans will pay us their debt of
yesterday in full, for there is one abiding at their ships who is never weary of
battle, and who will not hold aloof much longer.”
Thus spoke Polydamas, and his words pleased Hector well. He sprang in full
armour from his chariot and said, “Polydamas, gather the chieftains here; I will
go yonder into the fight, but will return at once when I have given them their
orders.”
He then sped onward, towering like a snowy mountain, and with a loud cry
flew through the ranks of the Trojans and their allies. When they heard his voice
they all hastened to gather round Polydamas, the excellent son of Panthous, but
Hector kept on among the foremost, looking everywhere to find Deiphobus and
prince Helenus, Adamas son of Asius, and Asius son of Hyrtacus; living, indeed,
and scatheless he could no longer find them, for the two last were lying by the
sterns of the Achaean ships, slain by the Argives, while the others had been also
stricken and wounded by them; but upon the left wing of the dread battle he
found Alexandrus, husband of lovely Helen, cheering his men and urging them
on to fight. He went up to him and upbraided him. “Paris,” said he, “evil-hearted

abiding: 영속적인, 오래 지속되는.
advice: 조언, 통지, 충고, 의견. 보고,
의견, 보고, 안내.
circle: 원, 권, 집단, 둘러싸다, 사회,
원형의 물건, 위선, 전계통,
동그라미를 두르다, 에워싸다, 주기.
dancer: 춤추는 사람, 댄서, 전문적인
무용가, 무희, 무용가.
excellent: 우수한, 탁월한, 아주
훌륭한.
fruit: 과일, 자손, 결과, 생산물, 소산,
Korean
과실, 에 열매를 맺게하다, 열매를 singer: 노래하는 사람, 시인, 우는 새,
맺다, 과일이 생기다, 수확물, 수확. 표면을 태우는 사람, 털을 그을리는
living: 생계, 현존의, 생활, 생활에 것.
관한, 목사의 수입, 살림, 살아있는, stricken: 맞은, 다친, 덮친, 습격당한.
현대의, 활기있는, 흐르고 있는, towering: 높이 솟은, 격렬한, 큰
자연그대로의. 원대한, 위대한, 큰, 높이 치솟은.
player: 배우, 자동 연주 장치, 연주자, understanding: 이해력, 양해, 이해,
경기자, 직업 선수, 노는 사람, 동의, 지시력, 이해력 있는, 발, 일치.
게으름뱅이, 노는 동물, 자동 피아 windy: 바람이 센, 공허한,
노의 자동 연주 장치, 도박꾼. 수다스러운, 깜짝 놀란, 가스가 차는,
preeminence: 발군, 탁월, 걸출. 바람 불어오는 쪽의, 입만의, 말만의.
194 The Iliad

Paris, fair to see but woman-mad and false of tongue, where are Deiphobus and
King Helenus? Where are Adamas son of Asius, and Asius son of Hyrtacus?
Where too is Othryoneus? Ilius is undone and will now surely fall!”%
Alexandrus answered, “Hector, why find fault when there is no one to find
fault with? I should hold aloof from battle on any day rather than this, for my
mother bore me with nothing of the coward about me. From the moment when
you set our men fighting about the ships we have been staying here and doing
battle with the Danaans. Our comrades about whom you ask me are dead;
Deiphobus and King Helenus alone have left the field, wounded both of them in
the hand, but the son of Saturn saved them alive. Now, therefore, lead on where
you would have us go, and we will follow with right goodwill; you shall not find
us fail you in so far as our strength holds out, but no man can do more than in
him lies, no matter how willing he may be.”
With these words he satisfied his brother, and the two went towards the part
of the battle where the fight was thickest, about Cebriones, brave Polydamas,
Phalces, Orthaeus, godlike Polyphetes, Palmys, Ascanius, and Morys son of
Hippotion, who had come from fertile Ascania on the preceding day to relieve
other troops. Then Jove urged them on to fight. They flew forth like the blasts of
some fierce wind that strike earth in the van of a thunderstorm—they buffet the
salt sea into an uproar; many and mighty are the great waves that come crashing
in one after the other upon the shore with their arching heads all crested with
foam—even so did rank behind rank of Trojans arrayed in gleaming armour
follow their leaders onward. The way was led by Hector son of Priam, peer of
murderous Mars, with his round shield before him—his shield of ox-hides
covered with plates of bronze—and his gleaming helmet upon his temples. He
kept stepping forward under cover of his shield in every direction, making trial
of the ranks to see if they would give way before him, but he could not daunt the
courage of the Achaeans. Ajax was the first to stride out and challenge him.
“Sir,” he cried, “draw near; why do you think thus vainly to dismay the
Argives? We Achaeans are excellent soldiers, but the scourge of Jove has fallen
heavily upon us. Your heart, forsooth, is set on destroying our ships, but we too

Korean
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사. 꺾다. preceding: 선행하는, 앞의, 전술한.
arching: 궁형부, 아치. forsooth: 정말, 참말이지. scourge: 천벌, 몹시 괴롭히다,
ask: 청구하다, 초청하다, godlike: 신같은, 신 같은, 위엄있는, 매질하다, 채찍, 벌하다, 매,
결혼예고를발표하다, 묻다, 물어보다, 존엄한, 신과 같은. 징벌하다, 채찍질하다.
부탁하다, 필요로하다, 청하다, lead: 납, 도선, 측연, 선도, 지내다, trial: 시련, 시도, 재판, 곤란, 귀찮은
세평을 묻다, 의뢰하다, 초대하다. 안내하다, 우세, 거느리다, 통하다, 사람, 시험, 시험의 결과, 심리,
buffet: 찬장, 치다, 싸우다, 일격, 지휘, 지침. 취조를 받고, 재난, 시험적인.
고투하다, 간이 식당, 타격. near: 가까운, 가까이, 아주 닮은, 거의, vainly: 헛되이, 자만하여, 공연히,
crested: 볏이 있는. 정밀하게, 근친의, 의 가까이에, 자랑하여, 뽐내어, 자만심에 부풀어,
daunt: 놀라게하다, 으르다, 위압하다, 검소하게, 관계가 깊은, 친한, 가까이 헛되어.
조금도 겁내지 않고, -의 기세를 가다.
 Homer 195

have hands that can keep you at bay, and your own fair town shall be sooner
taken and sacked by ourselves. The time is near when you shall pray Jove and all
the gods in your flight, that your steeds may be swifter than hawks as they raise
the dust on the plain and bear you back to your city.”%
As he was thus speaking a bird flew by upon his right hand, and the host of
the Achaeans shouted, for they took heart at the omen. But Hector answered,
“Ajax, braggart and false of tongue, would that I were as sure of being son for
evermore to aegis-bearing Jove, with Queen Juno for my mother, and of being
held in like honour with Minerva and Apollo, as I am that this day is big with the
destruction of the Achaeans; and you shall fall among them if you dare abide my
spear; it shall rend your fair body and bid you glut our hounds and birds of prey
with your fat and your flesh, as you fall by the ships of the Achaeans.”
With these words he led the way and the others followed after with a cry that
rent the air, while the host shouted behind them. The Argives on their part raised
a shout likewise, nor did they forget their prowess, but stood firm against the
onslaught of the Trojan chieftains, and the cry from both the hosts rose up to
heaven and to the brightness of Jove’s presence.

Korean
abide: 지탱하다, 살다, 머무르다, 과도하게 공급하다. rose: 장미, 장미빛, 장미무늬, 미인,
기다리다, 참고 견디다, 지속하다, omen: 전조. 단독, 담홍색, 장미꽃,
머물다, 달게 받다, 규칙을 엄수하다, presence: 존재, 출석, 면전, 풍채, 가장아름다운여인, 꼭지, 장미빛안색,
각오하고 기다리다, 따르다. 있음, 유령, 있는 곳, 임장감, 위험 발그레한 얼굴빛.
braggart: 자랑꾼의, 자랑꾼, 허풍선이, 따위의 근접, 대면, 근접. spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
자랑하는. prowess: 용기, 훌륭한 솜씨, 용감한 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
brightness: 환함, 머리가 좋음, 빛남. 행위. 창으로 찌르다.
evermore: 항상, 언제나, 영구히, rend: 쪼개지다, 째지다, 강탈하다, sure: 확실히, 튼튼한, 꼭, 틀림없는,
영원히. 비틀어 떼다, 찢다, 찌르다, 자신 있는, 확실히...하는, 확실한,
glut: 포식, 식상, 공급 과잉, 과다, 분열시키다, 쥐어 뜯다, 괴롭히다, 하다, 하는, 안전한.
물리게 하다, 배불리 먹이다, 상품을 떼어놓다, 산란하게 하다.
196 The Iliad

BOOK XIV

Nestor%was sitting over his wine, but the cry of battle did not escape him,
and he said to the son of Aesculapius, “What, noble Machaon, is the meaning of
all this? The shouts of men fighting by our ships grow stronger and stronger;
stay here, therefore, and sit over your wine, while fair Hecamede heats you a
bath and washes the clotted blood from off you. I will go at once to the look-out
station and see what it is all about.”
As he spoke he took up the shield of his son Thrasymedes that was lying in
his tent, all gleaming with bronze, for Thrasymedes had taken his father’s shield;
he grasped his redoubtable bronze-shod spear, and as soon as he was outside
saw the disastrous rout of the Achaeans who, now that their wall was
overthrown, were flying pell-mell before the Trojans. As when there is a heavy
swell upon the sea, but the waves are dumb—they keep their eyes on the watch
for the quarter whence the fierce winds may spring upon them, but they stay
where they are and set neither this way nor that, till some particular wind
sweeps down from heaven to determine them—even so did the old man ponder
whether to make for the crowd of Danaans, or go in search of Agamemnon. In
the end he deemed it best to go to the son of Atreus; but meanwhile the hosts
were fighting and killing one another, and the hard bronze rattled on their
bodies, as they thrust at one another with their swords and spears.

Korean
bronze: 청동, 청동의, 갈색으로 가다. 보호자, 숨기다, 순상부.
만들다, 청동색의, 청동색으로 ponder: 숙고하다. spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
만들다, 청동빛으로 만들다, 청동 redoubtable: 무서운, 외경스러운, 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
제품, 청동빛으로 되다, 청동색, 존경할 만한, 당당한, 가공할, 가공할 창으로 찌르다.
청동빛. 만한. swell: 멋쟁이, 부풀다, 멋진, 달인,
clotted: 응고한, 순전한, 전적인, 엉긴. rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주, 붇다, 증대, 명사, 훌륭한, 맵시 있는,
disastrous: 비참한, 재해의. 무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한 늘다, 높이다.
fierce: 지독한, 흉포한, 맹렬한, 군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 참패 whence: 하는 그 곳으로, 어찌하여,
사나운, 싫은, 열렬한. 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰야회. 어디서, 바의, 왜, 어떻게, 출처, 하는,
pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한, shield: 방패, 보호물, 수호하다, 무늬, 어디로부터.
엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 방패가 되다, 실드, 방패꼴, 보호하다,
 Homer 197

The wounded kings, the son of Tydeus, Ulysses, and Agamemnon son of
Atreus, fell in Nestor as they were coming up from their ships—for theirs were
drawn up some way from where the fighting was going on, being on the shore
itself inasmuch as they had been beached first, while the wall had been built
behind the hindermost. The stretch of the shore, wide though it was, did not
afford room for all the ships, and the host was cramped for space, therefore they
had placed the ships in rows one behind the other, and had filled the whole
opening of the bay between the two points that formed it. The kings, leaning on
their spears, were coming out to survey the fight, being in great anxiety, and
when old Nestor met them they were filled with dismay. Then King
Agamemnon said to him, “Nestor son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean name,
why have you left the battle to come hither? I fear that what dread Hector said
will come true, when he vaunted among the Trojans saying that he would not
return to Ilius till he had fired our ships and killed us; this is what he said, and
now it is all coming true. Alas! others of the Achaeans, like Achilles, are in anger
with me that they refuse to fight by the sterns of our ships.”%
Then Nestor knight of Gerene, answered, “It is indeed as you say; it is all
coming true at this moment, and even Jove who thunders from on high cannot
prevent it. Fallen is the wall on which we relied as an impregnable bulwark both
for us and our fleet. The Trojans are fighting stubbornly and without ceasing at
the ships; look where you may you cannot see from what quarter the rout of the
Achaeans is coming; they are being killed in a confused mass and the battle-cry
ascends to heaven; let us think, if counsel can be of any use, what we had better
do; but I do not advise our going into battle ourselves, for a man cannot fight
when he is wounded.”
And King Agamemnon answered, “Nestor, if the Trojans are indeed fighting
at the rear of our ships, and neither the wall nor the trench has served us—over
which the Danaans toiled so hard, and which they deemed would be an
impregnable bulwark both for us and our fleet—I see it must be the will of Jove
that the Achaeans should perish ingloriously here, far from Argos. I knew when
Jove was willing to defend us, and I know now that he is raising the Trojans to

Korean
afford: 산출하다, 여유가 있다, 할 수 cramped: 경련을 일으킨, 비좁은, 구멍, 취직자리, 통로, 개통, 서두,
있다, 할 힘이 있다, 할 여유가 있다, 알아보기 힘든, 읽기어려운, 숲속의 공지, 틈.
의 돈이 있다, 할 여가가 있다, 할 배배꼬인, 갑갑한. prevent: 예방하다, 방해하다,
돈이 있다, 제공하다, 의 힘이 있다, impregnable: 난공 불락의, 확고한, 일어나지 않게 하다, 방해하여, 막다,
의 여가가 있다. 도덕심이 견고한, 수정가능한, 에 앞서서 처리하다.
alas: 아아, 슬픈지고. 굴치않는, 지지않는, 끄떡 않는, 난공 stubbornly: 완강히, 완고하게.
anxiety: 걱정, 불안, 열망, 근심, 불락. survey: 개관, 측량하다, 측량, 조사,
걱정거리, 염원. mass: 덩어리, 미사, 다수, 집단, 다량, 조사하다, 전망하다, 바라다보다,
confused: 혼란스러운, 당황한, 한 덩어리로 하다, 태반, 집중시키다, 개관하다, 실측도, 검사, 토지의
혼란한, 어리둥절한, 지리멸렬한, 질량, 매스, 크기. 측량을 하다.
낭패한. opening: 개시, 열기, 개시의, 광장,
198 The Iliad

like honour with the gods, while us, on the other hand, he bas bound hand and
foot. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; let us bring down the ships that are on
the beach and draw them into the water; let us make them fast to their mooring-
stones a little way out, against the fall of night—if even by night the Trojans will
desist from fighting; we may then draw down the rest of the fleet. There is
nothing wrong in flying ruin even by night. It is better for a man that he should
fly and be saved than be caught and killed.”%
Ulysses looked fiercely at him and said, “Son of Atreus, what are you talking
about? Wretch, you should have commanded some other and baser army, and
not been ruler over us to whom Jove has allotted a life of hard fighting from
youth to old age, till we every one of us perish. Is it thus that you would quit the
city of Troy, to win which we have suffered so much hardship? Hold your peace,
lest some other of the Achaeans hear you say what no man who knows how to
give good counsel, no king over so great a host as that of the Argives should ever
have let fall from his lips. I despise your judgement utterly for what you have
been saying. Would you, then, have us draw down our ships into the water
while the battle is raging, and thus play further into the hands of the conquering
Trojans? It would be ruin; the Achaeans will not go on fighting when they see the
ships being drawn into the water, but will cease attacking and keep turning their
eyes towards them; your counsel, therefore, sir captain, would be our
destruction.”
Agamemnon answered, “Ulysses, your rebuke has stung me to the heart. I
am not, however, ordering the Achaeans to draw their ships into the sea whether
they will or no. Someone, it may be, old or young, can offer us better counsel
which I shall rejoice to hear.”
Then said Diomed, “Such an one is at hand; he is not far to seek, if you will
listen to me and not resent my speaking though I am younger than any of you. I
am by lineage son to a noble sire, Tydeus, who lies buried at Thebes. For
Portheus had three noble sons, two of whom, Agrius and Melas, abode in
Pleuron and rocky Calydon. The third was the knight Oeneus, my father’s father,
and he was the most valiant of them all. Oeneus remained in his own country,

Korean
army: 육군, 군대, 큰 무리, 큰 무리떼, 열왕기, 주상. seek: 찾다, 와의 교제를바라다,
단체. offer: 나타나다, 제공하다, 제공, 탐구하다, 구하다, 에 가다,
conquering: 정복하는. 팔려고 내놓다, 꾀하다, 시도하다, 하고자하다, 추구하다, 수색하다,
desist: 그만두다, 단념하다. 신청, 신청하다, 구혼하다, 헌납, 노력하다, 얻으려 하다, 탐색하다.
hear: 들어주다, 듣다, 들리다, 제언. win: 이기다, 승리, 획득하다, 상금,
청취하다, 재판하다, 방청하다, resent: 원망하다, 분개하다, 에 소망을 이루다, 쟁취하다, 명상을
소문으로 듣다, 승낙하다, 에 관해 골내다, 을 분개하다, 괘씸하게 얻다, 설득하다, 번돈, 성공,
들어 알고 있다, 을 듣다, 이 들리다. 생각하다, 화내다. 다다르다.
king: 왕, 킹, 국왕, 그리스도, rest: 쉬다, 쉼표, 휴식, 대, 휴식하다, wrong: 오해하다, 고장난, 나쁜, 나쁜
최상급의 종류, 신, 왕에 비기는 것, 수면, 영면하다, 휴양, 휴지, 안심, 짓, 틀려서, 나쁜게, 부정, 해치다,
거물, 왕으로 불리는 식물 따위, 안심하고 있다. 틀린, 거꾸로의, 고장나서.
 Homer 199

but my father (as Jove and the other gods ordained it) migrated to Argos. He
married into the family of Adrastus, and his house was one of great abundance,
for he had large estates of rich corn-growing land, with much orchard ground as
well, and he had many sheep; moreover he excelled all the Argives in the use of
the spear. You must yourselves have heard whether these things are true or no;
therefore when I say well despise not my words as though I were a coward or of
ignoble birth. I say, then, let us go to the fight as we needs must, wounded
though we be. When there, we may keep out of the battle and beyond the range
of the spears lest we get fresh wounds in addition to what we have already, but
we can spur on others, who have been indulging their spleen and holding aloof
from battle hitherto.”
Thus did he speak; whereon they did even as he had said and set out, King
Agamemnon leading the way.%
Meanwhile Neptune had kept no blind look-out, and came up to them in the
semblance of an old man. He took Agamemnon’s right hand in his own and said,
“Son of Atreus, I take it Achilles is glad now that he sees the Achaeans routed
and slain, for he is utterly without remorse—may he come to a bad end and
heaven confound him. As for yourself, the blessed gods are not yet so bitterly
angry with you but that the princes and counsellors of the Trojans shall again
raise the dust upon the plain, and you shall see them flying from the ships and
tents towards their city.”
With this he raised a mighty cry of battle, and sped forward to the plain. The
voice that came from his deep chest was as that of nine or ten thousand men
when they are shouting in the thick of a fight, and it put fresh courage into the
hearts of the Achaeans to wage war and do battle without ceasing.
Juno of the golden throne looked down as she stood upon a peak of Olympus
and her heart was gladdened at the sight of him who was at once her brother and
her brother-in-law, hurrying hither and thither amid the fighting. Then she
turned her eyes to Jove as he sat on the topmost crests of many-fountained Ida,
and loathed him. She set herself to think how she might hoodwink him, and in
the end she deemed that it would be best for her to go to Ida and array herself in

Korean
addition: 부가, 부가물, 증가, 증축, 곤혹케 하다, 난처하게 하다, 당황케 ignoble: 불명예스러운, 야비한,
가산, 덧셈, 직함. 하다, 제기랄 가벼운 욕 망할 자식, 신분이 천한, 시시한, 멸시할 만한,
bad: 나쁜, 심한, 불길한, 악운, 불량한, 제기랄 망할 자식. 저열한, 비천한, 천한, 하등의.
부정한, 시원치 않은, 악성의, 나쁘게 fresh: 새로운, 신선한, 뻔뻔스러운, leading: 지도, 주요한, 지휘하는,
된, 나쁜 것, 서투른. 원기좋은, 건방진, 경험이없는, 통솔, 지표, 훌륭한, 세력있는,
beyond: 저쪽편에, 외에-저편, 내세, 상쾌한, 선명한, 새로이, 초기, 이끄는, 주역의, 납세공, 인도하는.
이치지 않는-저쪽에, 넘어서, 이외는, 새롭게하다. needs: 꼭, 어떻게든지.
이상으로, 저편에, 을 넘어서, 을 herself: 그 여자 자신, 그녀는, 그녀 wage: 임금, 급료, 갚음, 보답, 하다,
지나서, 의 범위를 넘어서. 자신. 값, 수행하다, 벌어지다, 임금의.
confound: 혼동하다, 꺾다, 저주하다, hoodwink: 속이다, 눈을 가리다,
좌절시키다, 제기랄, 당황케하다, 얼떨떨하게 하다, 가리개를 씌우다.
200 The Iliad

rich attire, in the hope that Jove might become enamoured of her, and wish to
embrace her. While he was thus engaged a sweet and careless sleep might be
made to steal over his eyes and senses.%
She went, therefore, to the room which her son Vulcan had made her, and the
doors of which he had cunningly fastened by means of a secret key so that no
other god could open them. Here she entered and closed the doors behind her.
She cleansed all the dirt from her fair body with ambrosia, then she anointed
herself with olive oil, ambrosial, very soft, and scented specially for herself—if it
were so much as shaken in the bronze-floored house of Jove, the scent pervaded
the universe of heaven and earth. With this she anointed her delicate skin, and
then she plaited the fair ambrosial locks that flowed in a stream of golden tresses
from her immortal head. She put on the wondrous robe which Minerva had
worked for her with consummate art, and had embroidered with manifold
devices; she fastened it about her bosom with golden clasps, and she girded
herself with a girdle that had a hundred tassels: then she fastened her earrings,
three brilliant pendants that glistened most beautifully, through the pierced lobes
of her ears, and threw a lovely new veil over her head. She bound her sandals on
to her feet, and when she had arrayed herself perfectly to her satisfaction, she left
her room and called Venus to come aside and speak to her. “My dear child,” said
she, “will you do what I am going to ask of you, or will refuse me because you
are angry at my being on the Danaan side, while you are on the Trojan?”
Jove’s daughter Venus answered, “Juno, august queen of goddesses,
daughter of mighty Saturn, say what you want, and I will do it for you at once, if
I can, and if it can be done at all.”
Then Juno told her a lying tale and said, “I want you to endow me with some
of those fascinating charms, the spells of which bring all things mortal and
immortal to your feet. I am going to the world’s end to visit Oceanus (from
whom all we gods proceed) and mother Tethys: they received me in their house,
took care of me, and brought me up, having taken me over from Rhaea when
Jove imprisoned great Saturn in the depths that are under earth and sea. I must
go and see them that I may make peace between them; they have been

Korean
attire: 옷차림새, 복장, 의복. 재산을 증여하다. 발생하다, 생기다, 착수하다,
cunningly: 교활하게, 교묘하게. engaged: 바쁜, 약속된, 교전중인, 시작하다, 매상고, 처분하다,
dirt: 진흙, 쓰레기, 오물, 비열한 언사, 고용된, 약혼중인, 용무중인, 속행하다, 수입, 소송 절차를 밟다.
흙, 토지, 먼지, 욕, 굴욕을 참다, 통화중인, 약혼인, 연동의, 종사하는, scent: 냄새, 향수를 뿌리다, 향수,
폐석, 욕설. 벽에 반쯤 묻힌. 흔적, 향기, 냄새 맡다, 냄새를
embrace: 포함하다, 포옹하다, 껴안다, fascinating: 매혹적인. 풍기다, 냄새자취, 실마리, 알아채다,
매수하다, 깨닫다, 포옹, 채용하다, manifold: 다양한, 다방면의, 복사를 후각.
서로 껴안다, 채용하다-서로 껴안다- 뜨다, 여러가지의, 다수의, 사본, scented: 햐수룰 뿌린, 향료가 든.
포옹, 성교, 채택하다. 다양성, 복사 지로 복사한 사본, universe: 우주, 만물, 전세계, 영역,
endow: 기금을기부하다, 자질, 복사기로 복사한 사본. 세계, 모집단, 다수, 만유.
부여하다, 능력 따위를 부여하다, proceed: 나아가다, 계속하다,
 Homer 201

quarrelling, and are so angry that they have not slept with one another this long
while; if I can bring them round and restore them to one another’s embraces,
they will be grateful to me and love me for ever afterwards.”
Thereon laughter-loving Venus said, “I cannot and must not refuse you, for
you sleep in the arms of Jove who is our king.”
As she spoke she loosed from her bosom the curiously embroidered girdle
into which all her charms had been wrought—love, desire, and that sweet
flattery which steals the judgement even of the most prudent. She gave the girdle
to Juno and said, “Take this girdle wherein all my charms reside and lay it in
your bosom. If you will wear it I promise you that your errand, be it what it may,
will not be bootless.”
When she heard this Juno smiled, and still smiling she laid the girdle in her
bosom.%
Venus now went back into the house of Jove, while Juno darted down from
the summits of Olympus. She passed over Pieria and fair Emathia, and went on
and on till she came to the snowy ranges of the Thracian horsemen, over whose
topmost crests she sped without ever setting foot to ground. When she came to
Athos she went on over the, waves of the sea till she reached Lemnos, the city of
noble Thoas. There she met Sleep, own brother to Death, and caught him by the
hand, saying, “Sleep, you who lord it alike over mortals and immortals, if you
ever did me a service in times past, do one for me now, and I shall be grateful to
you ever after. Close Jove’s keen eyes for me in slumber while I hold him clasped
in my embrace, and I will give you a beautiful golden seat, that can never fall to
pieces; my clubfooted son Vulcan shall make it for you, and he shall give it a
footstool for you to rest your fair feet upon when you are at table.”
Then Sleep answered, “Juno, great queen of goddesses, daughter of mighty
Saturn, I would lull any other of the gods to sleep without compunction, not
even excepting the waters of Oceanus from whom all of them proceed, but I dare
not go near Jove, nor send him to sleep unless he bids me. I have had one lesson
already through doing what you asked me, on the day when Jove’s mighty son
Hercules set sail from Ilius after having sacked the city of the Trojans. At your
Korean
clubfooted: 내반족의. footstool: 발받침, 발판, 발 올려 놓는 진정시키다, 두절, 뜸함, 소강 상태,
compunction: 양심의 가책, 대. 어르다, 자다, 잠깐 쉼, 가라앉다.
양심의가책, 회한, 후회. grateful: 감사히 여기는, 고마운, 기쁜, reside: 존재하다, 주재하다, 살다,
curiously: 호기심에서, 기묘하게, 즐거운, 기분 좋은, 고맙게 생각하는. 거주하다, 속하다, 있다, 귀속하다,
지독하게, 신기한 듯이, 진기한듯이, keen: 열심인, 예민한, 날카로운, 성질이 존재하다.
기묘하게도. 예리한, 살을 에는 듯한, 통곡하다, wear: 착용, 지치게 하다, 사용에
errand: 심부름, 볼일, 사명, 심부름의 산란한, 모진, 곡성, 격렬한, 강한. 견디다, 기르고 있다, 지치다, 옷,
내용, 내용. lesson: 학과, 교훈, 일과, 과업, 연습, 마손, 소모, 몸에 지니고 있다, 얼굴에
excepting: 말고는, 을 제외하면, 을 수업, 훈계하다, 연속적인 수업, 과, 나타내다, 닳아서 해지다.
빼고, -을 빼고, 을 제외하고. 교과서 중의 과, 교습.
flattery: 아첨, 감언, 치렛말, 빌붙음. lull: 잠잠함, 달래다, 가라앉히다,
202 The Iliad

bidding I suffused my sweet self over the mind of aegis-bearing Jove, and laid
him to rest; meanwhile you hatched a plot against Hercules, and set the blasts of
the angry winds beating upon the sea, till you took him to the goodly city of Cos,
away from all his friends. Jove was furious when he awoke, and began hurling
the gods about all over the house; he was looking more particularly for myself,
and would have flung me down through space into the sea where I should never
have been heard of any more, had not Night who cows both men and gods
protected me. I fled to her and Jove left off looking for me in spite of his being so
angry, for he did not dare do anything to displease Night. And now you are
again asking me to do something on which I cannot venture.”%
And Juno said, “Sleep, why do you take such notions as those into your
head? Do you think Jove will be as anxious to help the Trojans, as he was about
his own son? Come, I will marry you to one of the youngest of the Graces, and
she shall be your own—Pasithea, whom you have always wanted to marry.”
Sleep was pleased when he heard this, and answered, “Then swear it to me
by the dread waters of the river Styx; lay one hand on the bounteous earth, and
the other on the sheen of the sea, so that all the gods who dwell down below
with Saturn may be our witnesses, and see that you really do give me one of the
youngest of the Graces—Pasithea, whom I have always wanted to marry.”
Juno did as he had said. She swore, and invoked all the gods of the nether
world, who are called Titans, to witness. When she had completed her oath, the
two enshrouded themselves in a thick mist and sped lightly forward, leaving
Lemnos and Imbrus behind them. Presently they reached many-fountained Ida,
mother of wild beasts, and Lectum where they left the sea to go on by land, and
the tops of the trees of the forest soughed under the going of their feet. Here
Sleep halted, and ere Jove caught sight of him he climbed a lofty pine-tree—the
tallest that reared its head towards heaven on all Ida. He hid himself behind the
branches and sat there in the semblance of the sweet-singing bird that haunts the
mountains and is called Chalcis by the gods, but men call it Cymindis. Juno then
went to Gargarus, the topmost peak of Ida, and Jove, driver of the clouds, set
eyes upon her. As soon as he did so he became inflamed with the same

Korean
anxious: 하고 싶어하는, 불안한, call: 부르다, 결과를 예상하다, 이라고 상륙하다, 토지, 육지, 지면, 빠지다,
걱정스러운, 열망하는, 열망하여, 이름짓다, 중지시키다, 으로 뭍, 얻다, 에 빠지게 하다.
걱정하는. 간주하다, 상환을 청구하다, nether: 아래의, 지하의, 지옥의.
asking: 청구, 의뢰, 질문, 부탁. 불러내다, 보자고 요구하다, 큰소리로 plot: 음모, 도면을 작성하다, 토지를
below: 하위에, 보다 못하여, 아래에, 부르다, 명하다, 깨우다. 구획하다, 줄거리-계획하다, 음모를
아래로, 의 가치가 없어, 의 하위에, displease: 불쾌하게 하다, 성나게 꾸미다, 계획, 도면에 기입하다-
보다 아래로, 보다 밑으로, 영하로, 하다. 음모를 꾀하다, 음모를 꾀하다,
아래충으로, 아래 문장쪽에. hurling: 던짐, 헐링. 도면에 기입하다, 작은 터, 획책하다.
bounteous: 풍부한, 활수한, 아낌없이 inflamed: 염증을 일으킨, 충혈한, space: 우주, 행간, 공간, 공지, 거리,
주는. 얼굴이 빨개진, 흥분한. 시간광고 시간, 줄사이, 간격, 여백,
branches: 지점. land: 땅, 소유지, 상륙시키다, 어간, 대기권밖.
 Homer 203

passionate desire for her that he had felt when they had first enjoyed each
other’s embraces, and slept with one another without their dear parents knowing
anything about it. He went up to her and said, “What do you want that you have
come hither from Olympus—and that too with neither chariot nor horses to
convey you?”%
Then Juno told him a lying tale and said, “I am going to the world’s end, to
visit Oceanus, from whom all we gods proceed, and mother Tethys; they
received me into their house, took care of me, and brought me up. I must go and
see them that I may make peace between them: they have been quarrelling, and
are so angry that they have not slept with one another this long time. The horses
that will take me over land and sea are stationed on the lowermost spurs of
many-fountained Ida, and I have come here from Olympus on purpose to
consult you. I was afraid you might be angry with me later on, if I went to the
house of Oceanus without letting you know.”
And Jove said, “Juno, you can choose some other time for paying your visit
to Oceanus—for the present let us devote ourselves to love and to the enjoyment
of one another. Never yet have I been so overpowered by passion neither for
goddess nor mortal woman as I am at this moment for yourself—not even when
I was in love with the wife of Ixion who bore me Pirithous, peer of gods in
counsel, nor yet with Danae the daintily-ancled daughter of Acrisius, who bore
me the famed hero Perseus. Then there was the daughter of Phoenix, who bore
me Minos and Rhadamanthus: there was Semele, and Alcmena in Thebes by
whom I begot my lion-hearted son Hercules, while Semele became mother to
Bacchus the comforter of mankind. There was queen Ceres again, and lovely
Leto, and yourself—but with none of these was I ever so much enamoured as I
now am with you.”
Juno again answered him with a lying tale. “Most dread son of Saturn,” she
exclaimed, “what are you talking about? Would you have us enjoy one another
here on the top of Mount Ida, where everything can be seen? What if one of the
ever-living gods should see us sleeping together, and tell the others? It would be
such a scandal that when I had risen from your embraces I could never show

Korean
comforter: 이불, 고무 젖꼭지, 위안을 나타내다, 운반하다, 시사하다. 지배되는, 성 잘 내는, 열렬하다,
주는 사람, 털목도리, 성령, 위안물, devote: 바치다. 열렬하는, 인정에 무른, 화내기 쉬운.
위안자, 위안하는 사람, 조붓하고 긴 enjoy: 즐기다, 누리다, 향유하다, paying: 지불하는 지불, 지불하는 돈이
털실 목도리, 위안을 주는 것. 건강, 성교하다, 즐겁게 시간을 벌리는, 수지가 맞은, 지불하는, 돈이
consult: 고려하다, 상의하다, 보내다, 갖고 있다, 향수하다. 벌리는.
참고하다, 찾다, 의견을 묻다, enjoyment: 향락, 기쁨, 보유, 향유. queen: 왕비, 여왕, 퀸, 면, 여왕다운,
조사하다, 의견을 듣다, 상담하다, letting: 셋집, 임대, 전세아파트. 모기, 여왕으로서 군림하다, 여왕의,
진찰을 받다, 의논하다, 컨설턴트 lowermost: 최하의, 맨 밑바닥의, 여왕벌, 퀸으로 쓰다, 졸을 퀸으로
직을 맡다. 최저의. 쓰다.
convey: 양도하다, 전달하다, 나르다, parents: 부모님. scandal: 중상, 추문, 반감, 의옥, 치욕,
전하다, 뜻하다, 알리다, 옮기다, passionate: 열렬한, 감정적인, 감정에 악평, 험담, 불명예, 소동.
204 The Iliad

myself inside your house again; but if you are so minded, there is a room which
your son Vulcan has made me, and he has given it good strong doors; if you
would so have it, let us go thither and lie down.”
And Jove answered, “Juno, you need not be afraid that either god or man will
see you, for I will enshroud both of us in such a dense golden cloud, that the very
sun for all his bright piercing beams shall not see through it.”
With this the son of Saturn caught his wife in his embrace; whereon the earth
sprouted them a cushion of young grass, with dew-bespangled lotus, crocus,
and hyacinth, so soft and thick that it raised them well above the ground. Here
they laid themselves down and overhead they were covered by a fair cloud of
gold, from which there fell glittering dew-drops.%
Thus, then, did the sire of all things repose peacefully on the crest of Ida,
overcome at once by sleep and love, and he held his spouse in his arms.
Meanwhile Sleep made off to the ships of the Achaeans, to tell earth-encircling
Neptune, lord of the earthquake. When he had found him he said, “Now,
Neptune, you can help the Danaans with a will, and give them victory though it
be only for a short time while Jove is still sleeping. I have sent him into a sweet
slumber, and Juno has beguiled him into going to bed with her.”
Sleep now departed and went his ways to and fro among mankind, leaving
Neptune more eager than ever to help the Danaans. He darted forward among
the first ranks and shouted saying, “Argives, shall we let Hector son of Priam
have the triumph of taking our ships and covering himself with glory? This is
what he says that he shall now do, seeing that Achilles is still in dudgeon at his
ship; we shall get on very well without him if we keep each other in heart and
stand by one another. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say. Let us each take the
best and largest shield we can lay hold of, put on our helmets, and sally forth
with our longest spears in our hands; I will lead you on, and Hector son of
Priam, rage as he may, will not dare to hold out against us. If any good staunch
soldier has only a small shield, let him hand it over to a worse man, and take a
larger one for himself.”

Korean
covering: 덮는, 지붕, 덮개, 덮음, dudgeon: 분개, 성냄, 나무 자루가 soft: 조용한, 부드러운 물건,
피복, 커버, 외피, 엄호의, 엄호-덮는, 있는 단도, 노여움. 부드러운, 온화한, 수월한, 조용하게,
엄호, 덮어씌움. hyacinth: 보라색, 풍신자석, 히아신스. 상쾌한, 매끈한, 연한, 부드럽게,
crocus: 크로커스, 돌팔이 의사, 산화철 overhead: 머리 위의, 전반적인, 손쉬운.
가루, 그 꽃, 산화철. 경상비, 위층에, 고가의, 상공에, sun: 항성, 태양, 햇볕에 쬐다,
cushion: 완충물, 쿠션, 쿠션 꼴을 한 위로, 총경비, 일반의, 간접비, 라켓을 일광욕하다, 날, 헷빛, 태양처럼
것, 공기 쿠션, 가라앉히다, 허리띠에 사용하는 경기의 머리 위에서 빛나는 것, 양지쪽, 햇빛, 영광, 해.
대는 헝겊받침, 쿠션을 달다, 내려치는 타구. worse: 더욱 나쁘게, 더욱 나쁜, 더욱
쿠션으로 받치다, 안석, 베이스, 방석. repose: 눕히다, 쉬다, 침착, 휴식, 나쁜 일, 더욱 심하게, 보다 나쁜,
departed: 죽은, 과거의, 고인, 지나간, 두다, 영면하다, 자다, 휴지, 영면, 악화되어, 한층 더 나쁨.
죽은사람. 걸다, 조화.
 Homer 205

Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. The son of Tydeus,
Ulysses, and Agamemnon, wounded though they were, set the others in array,
and went about everywhere effecting the exchanges of armour; the most valiant
took the best armour, and gave the worse to the worse man. When they had
donned their bronze armour they marched on with Neptune at their head. In his
strong hand he grasped his terrible sword, keen of edge and flashing like
lightning; woe to him who comes across it in the day of battle; all men quake for
fear and keep away from it.%
Hector on the other side set the Trojans in array. Thereon Neptune and
Hector waged fierce war on one another—Hector on the Trojan and Neptune on
the Argive side. Mighty was the uproar as the two forces met; the sea came
rolling in towards the ships and tents of the Achaeans, but waves do not thunder
on the shore more loudly when driven before the blast of Boreas, nor do the
flames of a forest fire roar more fiercely when it is well alight upon the
mountains, nor does the wind bellow with ruder music as it tears on through the
tops of when it is blowing its hardest, than the terrible shout which the Trojans
and Achaeans raised as they sprang upon one another.
Hector first aimed his spear at Ajax, who was turned full towards him, nor
did he miss his aim. The spear struck him where two bands passed over his
chest—the band of his shield and that of his silver-studded sword—and these
protected his body. Hector was angry that his spear should have been hurled in
vain, and withdrew under cover of his men. As he was thus retreating, Ajax son
of Telamon, struck him with a stone, of which there were many lying about
under the men’s feet as they fought—brought there to give support to the ships’
sides as they lay on the shore. Ajax caught up one of them and struck Hector
above the rim of his shield close to his neck; the blow made him spin round like
a top and reel in all directions. As an oak falls headlong when uprooted by the
lightning flash of father Jove, and there is a terrible smell of brimstone—no man
can help being dismayed if he is standing near it, for a thunderbolt is a very
awful thing—even so did Hector fall to earth and bite the dust. His spear fell

Korean
alight: 내리다, 하차하다, 착륙하다, 상처, 스미다, 한 입, 한 번 묾, 살을 고함치다, 반향하다, 소리쳐 말하다,
새가 앉다, 우연히 발견하다, 우연히 에다, 깨물다, 열중시키다, 상하게 왁자그르르 웃다.
만나다, 불타고. 하다. smell: 냄새, 의 냄새가 나다, 후각,
band: 밴드, 끈, 띠, 악대-단결하다, blowing: 취입 성형, 재즈 연주, 낌새, 냄새 맡음, 냄새맡고 다니다,
일대, 일단, 취주 악단, 악대, 악단, 분출하는 소리. 악취가 나다, 알아채다, 냄새맡다,
빛깔 줄무늬, 띠으로 묶다. reel: 얼레, 릴, 비틀거리다, 잣다, 감는 맡아내다, 냄새가 나다.
bellow: 노한 목소리, 울다, 고함을 틀, 실패, 술술, 실을 뽑다, 얼레에 spin: 낙제시키다, 질주하다, 잣다,
지르다-우는 소리, 큰 소리로 울다, 감다, 현기증 얼레에 감다, 방적하다, 짓다, 회전시켜 만들다,
노호하다, 소 우는 소리, 울부짖는 현기증나다. 어질어질하다, 눈이 핑 돌다, 토하다,
소리, 큰 소리로 말하다, 크게 울리다. roar: 으르렁거리다, 울리다, 노호, 뱅글뱅글 돌다, 급락.
bite: 물다, 부식하다, 물어뜯다, 물린 포효, 폭소, 외치다, 노호하다,
206 The Iliad

from his hand, but his shield and helmet were made fast about his body, and his
bronze armour rang about him.%
The sons of the Achaeans came running with a loud cry towards him, hoping
to drag him away, and they showered their darts on the Trojans, but none of
them could wound him before he was surrounded and covered by the princes
Polydamas, Aeneas, Agenor, Sarpedon captain of the Lycians, and noble
Glaucus. Of the others, too, there was not one who was unmindful of him, and
they held their round shields over him to cover him. His comrades then lifted
him off the ground and bore him away from the battle to the place where his
horses stood waiting for him at the rear of the fight with their driver and the
chariot; these then took him towards the city groaning and in great pain. When
they reached the ford of the fair stream of Xanthus, begotten of Immortal Jove,
they took him from off his chariot and laid him down on the ground; they
poured water over him, and as they did so he breathed again and opened his
eyes. Then kneeling on his knees he vomited blood, but soon fell back on to the
ground, and his eyes were again closed in darkness for he was still stunned by
the blow.
When the Argives saw Hector leaving the field, they took heart and set upon
the Trojans yet more furiously. Ajax fleet son of Oileus began by springing on
Satnius son of Enops, and wounding him with his spear: a fair naiad nymph had
borne him to Enops as he was herding cattle by the banks of the river Satnioeis.
The son of Oileus came up to him and struck him in the flank so that he fell, and
a fierce fight between Trojans and Danaans raged round his body. Polydamas
son of Panthous drew near to avenge him, and wounded Prothoenor son of
Areilycus on the right shoulder; the terrible spear went right through his
shoulder, and he clutched the earth as he fell in the dust. Polydamas vaunted
loudly over him saying, “Again I take it that the spear has not sped in vain from
the strong hand of the son of Panthous; an Argive has caught it in his body, and
it will serve him for a staff as he goes down into the house of Hades.”
The Argives were maddened by this boasting. Ajax son of Telamon was
more angry than any, for the man had fallen close beside him; so he aimed at

Korean
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사. flank: 측면, 측면을지키다, 옆구리, 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, 구리, 부대의측면, 부대의 측면, 창으로 찌르다.
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, 측면의, 의 측면에 서다, 측면에 springing: 도약운동, 스프링.
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 위치하다, 측면을 공격하다. unmindful: 마음에 두지않는,
하다. ford: 여울, 걸어서 건너다, 여울을 무관심한, 부주의한, 염두에 없는,
boasting: 자랑하는, 자랑, 거만. 건너다, 포드, 포드형 자동차, 시내. 염두에 두지 않는.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, kneeling: 무릎을 꿇는. vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, nymph: 아름다운 소녀, 님프, 자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 어린벌레, 님프같은, 강, 애벌레, 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는.
clutched: 초조한, 긴장한. 요정. vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
darts: 다츠. spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
 Homer 207

Polydamas as he was retreating, but Polydamas saved himself by swerving aside

and the spear struck Archelochus son of Antenor, for heaven counselled his
destruction; it struck him where the head springs from the neck at the top joint
of the spine, and severed both the tendons at the back of the head. His head,
mouth, and nostrils reached the ground long before his legs and knees could do
so, and Ajax shouted to Polydamas saying, “Think, Polydamas, and tell me truly
whether this man is not as well worth killing as Prothoenor was: he seems rich,
and of rich family, a brother, it may be, or son of the knight Antenor, for he is
very like him.”%
But he knew well who it was, and the Trojans were greatly angered. Acamas
then bestrode his brother’s body and wounded Promachus the Boeotian with his
spear, for he was trying to drag his brother’s body away. Acamas vaunted loudly
over him saying, “Argive archers, braggarts that you are, toil and suffering shall
not be for us only, but some of you too shall fall here as well as ourselves. See
how Promachus now sleeps, vanquished by my spear; payment for my brother’s
blood has not been long delayed; a man, therefore, may well be thankful if he
leaves a kinsman in his house behind him to avenge his fall.”
His taunts infuriated the Argives, and Peneleos was more enraged than any
of them. He sprang towards Acamas, but Acamas did not stand his ground, and
he killed Ilioneus son of the rich flock-master Phorbas, whom Mercury had
favoured and endowed with greater wealth than any other of the Trojans.
Ilioneus was his only son, and Peneleos now wounded him in the eye under his
eyebrows, tearing the eye-ball from its socket: the spear went right through the
eye into the nape of the neck, and he fell, stretching out both hands before him.
Peneleos then drew his sword and smote him on the neck, so that both head and
helmet came tumbling down to the ground with the spear still sticking in the
eye; he then held up the head, as though it had been a poppy-head, and showed
it to the Trojans, vaunting over them as he did so. “Trojans,” he cried, “bid the
father and mother of noble Ilioneus make moan for him in their house, for the
wife also of Promachus son of Alegenor will never be gladdened by the coming
of her dear husband—when we Argives return with our ships from Troy.”

Korean
coming: 다음의, 도래, 오는, 신진의, 수상기, 보는눈, 자세히 보다. 길들게 하다, 언어 기관으로서의 입.
그리스도의 재림, 내방, 다가올, favoured: 혜택을 받고 있는, 호감을 socket: 소켓, 소켓에 끼우다, 구멍,
미래의, 유명해지기 시작한, 올, 도착. 사고 있는, 호의를 사고 있는. 접속하다, 클럽의 힐, 꽂는 구멍,
dear: 친애하는, 귀여운, 귀여운 사람, joint: 관절, 공동의, 마디, 뒤죽박죽이 끼우는 구멍, 에 소켓을 달다, 와,
아니 그런데, 귀중한, 참, 비싸게, 되어, 연대의, 이음매, 뼈 붙은 큰 클럽의 힐로 치다.
비싼, 친애하는 사람, 애인, 사랑하는 살점, 맞춘 자리, 비밀 술집, spine: 등뼈, 척주, 가시, 돌기, 책의
사람. 문란해서, 결합하다. 등, 바늘.
delayed: 뒤 늦은, 지발의. mouth: 입, 찡그린 얼굴, 부양 가족, sticking: 끈적거림, 끈적끈적한,
enraged: 성나게 하는, 화나게 하는. 출입구, 건방진 말투, 찌푸린 얼굴, 늘어붙는, 개탕 대패로 깎기.
eye: 눈, 시력, 탐정, 안식, 눈 모양의 큰소리로 말하다, 입에 넣고 씹다, tumbling: 텀블링.
것, 눈매, 주목, 잘 보다, 레이더 입에 자근자근 씹다, 재갈이나 고삐에 vaunting: 자랑.
208 The Iliad

As he spoke fear fell upon them, and every man looked round about to see
whither he might fly for safety.%
Tell me now, O Muses that dwell on Olympus, who was the first of the
Argives to bear away blood-stained spoils after Neptune lord of the earthquake
had turned the fortune of war. Ajax son of Telamon was first to wound Hyrtius
son of Gyrtius, captain of the staunch Mysians. Antilochus killed Phalces and
Mermerus, while Meriones slew Morys and Hippotion, Teucer also killed
Prothoon and Periphetes. The son of Atreus then wounded Hyperenor shepherd
of his people, in the flank, and the bronze point made his entrails gush out as it
tore in among them; on this his life came hurrying out of him at the place where
he had been wounded, and his eyes were closed in darkness. Ajax son of Oileus
killed more than any other, for there was no man so fleet as he to pursue flying
foes when Jove had spread panic among them.

Korean
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사. earthquake: 지진, 대변동. 하다, 지껄여대다, 흘러나오다.
bronze: 청동, 청동의, 갈색으로 entrails: 내장, 내부. shepherd: 목사, 이끌다, 양치는 사람,
만들다, 청동색의, 청동색으로 flank: 측면, 측면을지키다, 옆구리, 지키다, 양치기, 치다, 인도하다,
만들다, 청동빛으로 만들다, 청동 구리, 부대의측면, 부대의 측면, 목양견.
제품, 청동빛으로 되다, 청동색, 측면의, 의 측면에 서다, 측면에 slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
청동빛. 위치하다, 측면을 공격하다. 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이 fortune: 행운, 부, 운, 재산, 운명, staunch: 물이 새지 않는.
생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히 운수, 재산을 주다, 우연히 일어나다, whither: 어디로, 곳으로, 그 곳으로,
발음하다, 길게논하다, 운명의 여신. 가는 곳.
곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다, gush: 복받침, 과시, 용솟음, 분칠하다,
머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다. 분출, 분출 하다, 용솟음쳐 나오게
 Homer 209

BOOK XV

But%when their flight had taken them past the trench and the set stakes, and
many had fallen by the hands of the Danaans, the Trojans made a halt on
reaching their chariots, routed and pale with fear. Jove now woke on the crests of
Ida, where he was lying with golden-throned Juno by his side, and starting to his
feet he saw the Trojans and Achaeans, the one thrown into confusion, and the
others driving them pell-mell before them with King Neptune in their midst. He
saw Hector lying on the ground with his comrades gathered round him, gasping
for breath, wandering in mind and vomiting blood, for it was not the feeblest of
the Achaeans who struck him.
The sire of gods and men had pity on him, and looked fiercely on Juno. “I
see, Juno,” said he, “you mischief-making trickster, that your cunning has
stayed Hector from fighting and has caused the rout of his host. I am in half a
mind to thrash you, in which case you will be the first to reap the fruits of your
scurvy knavery. Do you not remember how once upon a time I had you hanged?
I fastened two anvils on to your feet, and bound your hands in a chain of gold
which none might break, and you hung in mid-air among the clouds. All the
gods in Olympus were in a fury, but they could not reach you to set you free;
when I caught any one of them I gripped him and hurled him from the heavenly
threshold till he came fainting down to earth; yet even this did not relieve my
mind from the incessant anxiety which I felt about noble Hercules whom you
Korean
cunning: 교묘한, 교활한, 귀여운, 부정, 속임수. scurvy: 괴혈병, 상스러운.
노련한, 멋있는, 숙련, 솜씨, 현명한, pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한, sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자,
재간있는, 약삭빠른, 빈틈없음. 엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 전하, 아비, 낳게 하다.
fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, 가다. thrash: 때리기, 도리깨질,
기철의, 의기소침. reap: 베다, 획득하다, 베어들이다, 도리깨질하다, 채찍질하다, 뒹굴다,
gasping: 숨결이 가쁜, 경련하는, 수확하다, 받다, 얻다, 거두다, 보답 때리다, 탈곡하다, 록 음악의 한 형식,
헐떡거리는. 따위를 받다. 두드리다, 파도를 거슬러 나아가다,
incessant: 끊임없는, 간단 없는, rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주, 파도를 헤치고 나아가다.
그칠새 없는, 끊임 없는. 무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한 trickster: 사기꾼, 트릭스터.
jove: 천만에, 맹세코, 목성, 주피터. 군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 참패
knavery: 사기, 무뢰한의 행위, 속임, 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰야회.
210 The Iliad

and Boreas had spitefully conveyed beyond the seas to Cos, after suborning the
tempests; but I rescued him, and notwithstanding all his mighty labours I
brought him back again to Argos. I would remind you of this that you may learn
to leave off being so deceitful, and discover how much you are likely to gain by
the embraces out of which you have come here to trick me.”%
Juno trembled as he spoke, and said, “May heaven above and earth below be
my witnesses, with the waters of the river Styx—and this is the most solemn oath
that a blessed god can take—nay, I swear also by your own almighty head and
by our bridal bed—things over which I could never possibly perjure myself—
that Neptune is not punishing Hector and the Trojans and helping the Achaeans
through any doing of mine; it is all of his own mere motion because he was sorry
to see the Achaeans hard pressed at their ships: if I were advising him, I should
tell him to do as you bid him.”
The sire of gods and men smiled and answered, “If you, Juno, were always to
support me when we sit in council of the gods, Neptune, like it or no, would
soon come round to your and my way of thinking. If, then, you are speaking the
truth and mean what you say, go among the rank and file of the gods, and tell
Iris and Apollo lord of the bow, that I want them—Iris, that she may go to the
Achaean host and tell Neptune to leave off fighting and go home, and Apollo,
that he may send Hector again into battle and give him fresh strength; he will
thus forget his present sufferings, and drive the Achaeans back in confusion till
they fall among the ships of Achilles son of Peleus. Achilles will then send his
comrade Patroclus into battle, and Hector will kill him in front of Ilius after he
has slain many warriors, and among them my own noble son Sarpedon. Achilles
will kill Hector to avenge Patroclus, and from that time I will bring it about that
the Achaeans shall persistently drive the Trojans back till they fulfil the counsels
of Minerva and take Ilius. But I will not stay my anger, nor permit any god to
help the Danaans till I have accomplished the desire of the son of Peleus,
according to the promise I made by bowing my head on the day when Thetis
touched my knees and besought me to give him honour.”

Korean
bowing: 운궁법, 절을 하는, 활 놀리는 그런데도 불구하고, 할지라도, 심한 타격, 벌하는, 상처, 지치게
법, 휘는, 보잉. 불구하고, 한데, 그럼에도 불구하고, 하는, 징벌하는.
deceitful: 거짓의, 기만적인, 속이는, 함에도 불구하고, 이라 할지라도. remind: 생각나게 하다, 상기시키다,
사기의. perjure: 위증하다, 거짓 맹세한, 깨우치다, 생각나게하다, 일깨우다.
discover: 발견하다, 밝히다, 찾아내다, 위증자, 거짓 맹세하다, 위서하다. spitefully: 에 짓궂게 굴다, 앙심으로,
나타내다, 발견자, 내색하다. permit: 허락하다, 가능하게 하다, 원한, 을 돌보지 않고, 악의, 에도
fulfil: 이행하다, 적합하다, 힘을 가능하게하다, 면허, 하게 내버려 불구하고.
완전히 발휘하다, 완수하다, 자신의 두다, 허가, 여유가 있다, 용납하다, trick: 장난, 버릇, 비결, 속이다, 계교,
소질을 충분히 발휘하다, 종료하다, 허가증. 요술, 요술부리다, 장난감, 모양내다,
달성하다, 다하다. persistently: 부득부득. 의 기대를 저버리다, 계략.
notwithstanding: 에도 불구하고, punishing: 고통을 주는, 처형하는,
 Homer 211

Juno heeded his words and went from the heights of Ida to great Olympus.
Swift as the thought of one whose fancy carries him over vast continents, and he
says to himself, “Now I will be here, or there,” and he would have all manner of
things—even so swiftly did Juno wing her way till she came to high Olympus
and went in among the gods who were gathered in the house of Jove. When they
saw her they all of them came up to her, and held out their cups to her by way of
greeting. She let the others be, but took the cup offered her by lovely Themis,
who was first to come running up to her. “Juno,” said she, “why are you here?
And you seem troubled—has your husband the son of Saturn been frightening
you?”%
And Juno answered, “Themis, do not ask me about it. You know what a
proud and cruel disposition my husband has. Lead the gods to table, where you
and all the immortals can hear the wicked designs which he has avowed. Many a
one, mortal and immortal, will be angered by them, however peaceably he may
be feasting now.”
On this Juno sat down, and the gods were troubled throughout the house of
Jove. Laughter sat on her lips but her brow was furrowed with care, and she
spoke up in a rage. “Fools that we are,” she cried, “to be thus madly angry with
Jove; we keep on wanting to go up to him and stay him by force or by
persuasion, but he sits aloof and cares for nobody, for he knows that he is much
stronger than any other of the immortals. Make the best, therefore, of whatever
ills he may choose to send each one of you; Mars, I take it, has had a taste of
them already, for his son Ascalaphus has fallen in battle—the man whom of all
others he loved most dearly and whose father he owns himself to be.”
When he heard this Mars smote his two sturdy thighs with the flat of his
hands, and said in anger, “Do not blame me, you gods that dwell in heaven, if I
go to the ships of the Achaeans and avenge the death of my son, even though it
end in my being struck by Jove’s lightning and lying in blood and dust among
the corpses.”
As he spoke he gave orders to yoke his horses Panic and Rout, while he put
on his armour. On this, Jove would have been roused to still more fierce and

avowed: 공공연한, 공언한, 자인한,
스스로 인정한, 공언된, 인정된,
언명한, 스스로인정한.
choose: 고르다, 선택하다, 원하다,
선거하다, 결정하다, 하고 싶은
기분이 들다, 택하다, 선택, 바라다,
하는 쪽을 택하다.
disposition: 성질, 처리, 배치, 성향,
처분, 배열.
fancy: 변덕, 공상하다, 취미, 공상,
애호가들, 좋아하다, 도락, 터무니
Korean
없는, 공상력, 공상의, 애호물로 laughter: 웃음, 웃음소리.
색다른 동물 등을 기르다. nobody: 아무도 ... 않다, 하찮은 사람,
flat: 노골적인, 맛없는, 김빠진, 무명인, 보잘것 없는 사람,
광택없는, 단조로운, 편평한, 보잘것없는 사람.
불경기의, 납작한, 납죽엎드린, peaceably: 평화롭게.
공기가빠진, 평평하게. persuasion: 설득, 확신, 종류, 종파,
frightening: 놀라운, 무서운. 신념, 종지.
furrowed: 헤치고 나아가는, 에 taste: 시식, 취미, 맛보다, 맛, 미각,
주름살지게 하는, 이랑을 짓는, 기호, 의 맛이 나다, 풍미, 한 입,
주름살이 지는. 풍미가 있다, 한 번 맛보기.
greeting: 인사말, 인사, 인사장, 환영.
212 The Iliad

implacable%enmity against the other immortals, had not Minerva, alarmed for
the safety of the gods, sprung from her seat and hurried outside. She tore the
helmet from his head and the shield from his shoulders, and she took the bronze
spear from his strong hand and set it on one side; then she said to Mars,
“Madman, you are undone; you have ears that hear not, or you have lost all
judgement and understanding; have you not heard what Juno has said on
coming straight from the presence of Olympian Jove? Do you wish to go through
all kinds of suffering before you are brought back sick and sorry to Olympus,
after having caused infinite mischief to all us others? Jove would instantly leave
the Trojans and Achaeans to themselves; he would come to Olympus to punish
us, and would grip us up one after another, guilty or not guilty. Therefore lay
aside your anger for the death of your son; better men than he have either been
killed already or will fall hereafter, and one cannot protect every one’s whole
family.”
With these words she took Mars back to his seat. Meanwhile Juno called
Apollo outside, with Iris the messenger of the gods. “Jove,” she said to them,
“desires you to go to him at once on Mt. Ida; when you have seen him you are to
do as he may then bid you.”
Thereon Juno left them and resumed her seat inside, while Iris and Apollo
made all haste on their way. When they reached many-fountained Ida, mother of
wild beasts, they found Jove seated on topmost Gargarus with a fragrant cloud
encircling his head as with a diadem. They stood before his presence, and he was
pleased with them for having been so quick in obeying the orders his wife had
given them.
He spoke to Iris first. “Go,” said he, “fleet Iris, tell King Neptune what I now
bid you—and tell him true. Bid him leave off fighting, and either join the
company of the gods, or go down into the sea. If he takes no heed and disobeys
me, let him consider well whether he is strong enough to hold his own against
me if I attack him. I am older and much stronger than he is; yet he is not afraid to
set himself up as on a level with myself, of whom all the other gods stand in
awe.”

Korean
consider: 숙고하다, 고려하다, join: 결합하다, 인접하다, 만나다, 미안하게 생각하는, 형편없는.
주시하다, 중히 여기다, 팁을 주다, 함께 되다, 타다, 협력하다, 합하다, true: 진실로, 진짜의, 성실한, 정확한,
간주하다, 고려에 넣다, 고찰하다, 합병하다, 연결하다, 돌아오다, 정확한 상태, 틀림없는, 바르게
생각하다, 존경하다, 참작하다. 입회하다. 맞추다, 진실, 정확히, 번치 않는,
diadem: 왕관, 왕위, 왕권, -에게 lost: 진, 허비한, 잃은, 놓친, 길잃은, 참다운.
왕관을 주다, 왕관으로 장식하다. 정신팔린, 죽인, 파멸된, 잃어버린, wish: 소원, 바라다, 빌다, 기원,
guilty: 죄가 있는, 죄가 있는 듯한, 헛되이, 죽은. 이기를 빌다, 떠맡기다, 면 좋겠다고
죄를 범한, 죄에 대한 가책을 느끼는, safety: 안전, 안타, 안전기, 안전을 생각하다, 기원 하다, 바람, 희망하다,
죄에 해당하는, 죄의식에 사로잡힌 보호하는, 안전 장치. 바라는 바.
상태, 죄의 자각이 있는, 저지른, 의 sorry: 유감스러운, 슬픈, 가엾은, 딱한,
죄를 범한. 후회하는, 미안한, 미안해요,
 Homer 213

Iris, fleet as the wind, obeyed him, and as the cold hail or snowflakes that fly
from out the clouds before the blast of Boreas, even so did she wing her way till
she came close up to the great shaker of the earth. Then she said, “I have come, O
dark-haired king that holds the world in his embrace, to bring you a message
from Jove. He bids you leave off fighting, and either join the company of the
gods or go down into the sea; if, however, you take no heed and disobey him, he
says he will come down here and fight you. He would have you keep out of his
reach, for he is older and much stronger than you are, and yet you are not afraid
to set yourself up as on a level with himself, of whom all the other gods stand in
awe.”%
Neptune was very angry and said, “Great heavens! strong as Jove may be, he
has said more than he can do if he has threatened violence against me, who am
of like honour with himself. We were three brothers whom Rhea bore to
Saturn—Jove, myself, and Hades who rules the world below. Heaven and earth
were divided into three parts, and each of us was to have an equal share. When
we cast lots, it fell to me to have my dwelling in the sea for evermore; Hades took
the darkness of the realms under the earth, while air and sky and clouds were
the portion that fell to Jove; but earth and great Olympus are the common
property of all. Therefore I will not walk as Jove would have me. For all his
strength, let him keep to his own third share and be contented without
threatening to lay hands upon me as though I were nobody. Let him keep his
bragging talk for his own sons and daughters, who must perforce obey him.”
Iris fleet as the wind then answered, “Am I really, Neptune, to take this
daring and unyielding message to Jove, or will you reconsider your answer?
Sensible people are open to argument, and you know that the Erinyes always
range themselves on the side of the older person.”
Neptune answered, “Goddess Iris, your words have been spoken in season. It
is well when a messenger shows so much discretion. Nevertheless it cuts me to
the very heart that any one should rebuke so angrily another who is his own
peer, and of like empire with himself. Now, however, I will give way in spite of
my displeasure; furthermore let me tell you, and I mean what I say—if contrary

Korean
bragging: 자랑하는 것. portion: 운명, 분배하다, 부분, 몫, 창공, 높이 날리다, 경관, 천장
cold: 냉정한, 희미한, 추운, 차가운, 상속재산, 일인분, 배당으로 주다, 가까이에 진열하다.
흥을 깨는, 감기, 냉담한, 불감증의, 배당, 남에게 분여 재산을 주다, threatening: 험악한, 위협적인, 일너날
약한, 한색의, 열을 흡수하기 어려운. 분할하다, 인분. 듯이, 찌푸린, 협박하는, 위험한,
empire: 제국, 절대 지배권, 대영제국, reconsider: 재고하다, 재의하다, 다시 일어날 듯한, 협박적인.
왕국, 제 일프랑스 제국 시대풍의, 생각하다, 재심하다, 재의에 부치다. unyielding: 굴하지않는, 굽지 않는,
제왕의 주권. sensible: 분별 있는, 현명한, 지각할 단단한, 단호한, 완고한, 유연성이
equal: 같은, 필적자, 평정한, 수 있는, 알아채고, 알아챈, 느낄 수 없는, 탄력성이 없는.
한결같은, 같은 또래, 필적하는, 있는, 느끼기 쉬운, 감각의, violence: 폭력, 모독, 폭행, 난폭,
대등한 물건, 감당하는, 균등하게 신용본위의, 눈에 띌 정도의. 손해, 침해, 맹렬, 격렬함, 격렬.
하다, 필적하다, 필적하는 사람. sky: 하늘, 날씨, 천국, 느닷없이, 기후,
214 The Iliad

to the desire of myself, Minerva driver of the spoil, Juno, Mercury, and King
Vulcan, Jove spares steep Ilius, and will not let the Achaeans have the great
triumph of sacking it, let him understand that he will incur our implacable
resentment.”%
Neptune now left the field to go down under the sea, and sorely did the
Achaeans miss him. Then Jove said to Apollo, “Go, dear Phoebus, to Hector, for
Neptune who holds the earth in his embrace has now gone down under the sea
to avoid the severity of my displeasure. Had he not done so those gods who are
below with Saturn would have come to hear of the fight between us. It is better
for both of us that he should have curbed his anger and kept out of my reach, for
I should have had much trouble with him. Take, then, your tasselled aegis, and
shake it furiously, so as to set the Achaean heroes in a panic; take, moreover,
brave Hector, O Far-Darter, into your own care, and rouse him to deeds of
daring, till the Achaeans are sent flying back to their ships and to the Hellespont.
From that point I will think it well over, how the Achaeans may have a respite
from their troubles.”
Apollo obeyed his father’s saying, and left the crests of Ida, flying like a
falcon, bane of doves and swiftest of all birds. He found Hector no longer lying
upon the ground, but sitting up, for he had just come to himself again. He knew
those who were about him, and the sweat and hard breathing had left him from
the moment when the will of aegis-bearing Jove had revived him. Apollo stood
beside him and said, “Hector son of Priam, why are you so faint, and why are
you here away from the others? Has any mishap befallen you?”
Hector in a weak voice answered, “And which, kind sir, of the gods are you,
who now ask me thus? Do you not know that Ajax struck me on the chest with a
stone as I was killing his comrades at the ships of the Achaeans, and compelled
me to leave off fighting? I made sure that this very day I should breathe my last
and go down into the house of Hades.”
Then King Apollo said to him, “Take heart; the son of Saturn has sent you a
mighty helper from Ida to stand by you and defend you, even me, Phoebus
Apollo of the golden sword, who have been guardian hitherto not only of

Korean
breathe: 호흡하다, 속삭이다, 풍기다, respite: 유예, 연기, 휴식, 일시적 어려움, 벌을 받다, 귀찮은 일,
휴식 시키다, 휴식하다, 털어놓다, 중지, 에게 형의 집행을 유예하다, 귀찮음, 벌을 받고, 분쟁, 걱정.
쉬다, 선들거리다-불어넣다, 상환 독촉을 유예하다, 일시적으로 understand: 이해하다, 의 의미로
살아있다, 숨쉬다, 무성음으로 덜어주다, 정지하다, 집행유예, 해석하다, 추측하다, 정통하다,
발음하다. 휴식기간, 휴지. 전해듣고 있다, 이해력이 있다,
implacable: 달래기 어려운, 무자비한, shake: 악수하다, 휘두르다, 생각하다, 마음 속에서 보충하다,
화해할수 없는, 달랠 수 없는, 떨어버리다, 흔들다, 흔들어 깨우다, 들어서 알다, 들어서 알고 있다, 알다.
앙심깊은, 준엄함, 집요한. 흩뿌리다, 흔들어 떨어뜨리다, weak: 약변화의, 묽은, 약한, 힘없는,
incur: 입다, 분노, 비난, 에 부딪치다, 진동하다, 전음을 쓰다, 흔들리게 어리석은, 약세인, 악센트 없는,
위험을 초래하다, 초래하다. 하다, 떨다. 내림세인, 약점 있는, 악센트가 없는,
mishap: 재난, 불행. trouble: 고생, 걱정하다, 소동, 고장, 불충분한.
 Homer 215

yourself but of your city. Now, therefore, order your horsemen to drive their
chariots to the ships in great multitudes. I will go before your horses to smooth
the way for them, and will turn the Achaeans in flight.”
As he spoke he infused great strength into the shepherd of his people. And as
a horse, stabled and full-fed, breaks loose and gallops gloriously over the plain
to the place where he is wont to take his bath in the river—he tosses his head,
and his mane streams over his shoulders as in all the pride of his strength he flies
full speed to the pastures where the mares are feeding—even so Hector, when he
heard what the god said, urged his horsemen on, and sped forward as fast as his
limbs could take him. As country peasants set their hounds on to a homed stag
or wild goat—he has taken shelter under rock or thicket, and they cannot find
him, but, lo, a bearded lion whom their shouts have roused stands in their path,
and they are in no further humour for the chase—even so the Achaeans were still
charging on in a body, using their swords and spears pointed at both ends, but
when they saw Hector going about among his men they were afraid, and their
hearts fell down into their feet.%
Then spoke Thoas son of Andraemon, leader of the Aetolians, a man who
could throw a good throw, and who was staunch also in close fight, while few
could surpass him in debate when opinions were divided. He then with all
sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: “What, in heaven’s name, do I now
see? Is it not Hector come to life again? Every one made sure he had been killed
by Ajax son of Telamon, but it seems that one of the gods has again rescued him.
He has killed many of us Danaans already, and I take it will yet do so, for the
hand of Jove must be with him or he would never dare show himself so
masterful in the forefront of the battle. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; let
us order the main body of our forces to fall back upon the ships, but let those of
us who profess to be the flower of the army stand firm, and see whether we
cannot hold Hector back at the point of our spears as soon as he comes near us; I
conceive that he will then think better of it before he tries to charge into the press
of the Danaans.”

Korean
bath: 목욕, 목욕통-목욕하다, 목욕실, debate: 논쟁, 숙고, 토론하다, 토론,
바드 훈의, 온천장, 피 투성이가 된 토른, 토론회, 토론회-토론하다,
상태, 용액, 욕조, 목욕하다, 땀 토의하다, 숙고하다, 검토하다,
투성이가 된 상태, 목욕통. 논쟁하다.
bearded: 까끄라기가 있는, 수염이 lo: 보라.
있는, 수염이 난, 비늘이 있는, 미늘이 masterful: 제멋대로 하는, 거드름
있는. 부리는, 거만한, 남을 부리려 하는,
conceive: 상상하다, 임신하다, 배다, 능란한, 명수의, 명인다운, 주인티를
이해하다, 마음에 품다, 착상하다, 내는, 대가 다운, 건방진, 명인 다운.
마음에품다, 말로표현하다, 라고 profess: 공언하다, 직업으로 삼다,
생각하다, 생각하다, 생각해 내다. 신앙을 고백하다, 을 신앙한다고
공언하다, 라고 자칭하다, 학문, 인
체하다, 기술 따위를 지니고 있다고
공언하다-공언하다, 기술 따위를
지니고 있다고 공언하다, 언명하다,
대학 교수로 있다.
smooth: 유창한, 매끄러운, 반드럽게
함, 부드러운, 입에 당기는, 평지,
반드러운 부분, 수염없는, 반드러운,
멋진, 귀에 거슬리지 않는.
thicket: 덤불, 잡목숲.
216 The Iliad

Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. Those who were about
Ajax and King Idomeneus, the followers moreover of Teucer, Meriones, and
Meges peer of Mars called all their best men about them and sustained the fight
against Hector and the Trojans, but the main body fell back upon the ships of the
Achaeans.%
The Trojans pressed forward in a dense body, with Hector striding on at their
head. Before him went Phoebus Apollo shrouded in cloud about his shoulders.
He bore aloft the terrible aegis with its shaggy fringe, which Vulcan the smith
had given Jove to strike terror into the hearts of men. With this in his hand he led
on the Trojans.
The Argives held together and stood their ground. The cry of battle rose high
from either side, and the arrows flew from the bowstrings. Many a spear sped
from strong hands and fastened in the bodies of many a valiant warrior, while
others fell to earth midway, before they could taste of man’s fair flesh and glut
themselves with blood. So long as Phoebus Apollo held his aegis quietly and
without shaking it, the weapons on either side took effect and the people fell, but
when he shook it straight in the face of the Danaans and raised his mighty battle-
cry their hearts fainted within them and they forgot their former prowess. As
when two wild beasts spring in the dead of night on a herd of cattle or a large
flock of sheep when the herdsman is not there—even so were the Danaans struck
helpless, for Apollo filled them with panic and gave victory to Hector and the
Trojans.
The fight then became more scattered and they killed one another where they
best could. Hector killed Stichius and Arcesilaus, the one, leader of the
Boeotians, and the other, friend and comrade of Menestheus. Aeneas killed
Medon and Iasus. The first was bastard son to Oileus, and brother to Ajax, but he
lived in Phylace away from his own country, for he had killed a man, a kinsman
of his stepmother Eriopis whom Oileus had married. Iasus had become a leader
of the Athenians, and was son of Sphelus the son of Boucolos. Polydamas killed
Mecisteus, and Polites Echius, in the front of the battle, while Agenor slew
Clonius. Paris struck Deiochus from behind in the lower part of the shoulder, as

Korean
aeneas: 트로이의 용사, 아에네아스. helpless: 의지할 데 없는, 무력한, 비천한.
friend: 친구, 벗, 자기편, 근친, 동지, 어찌할 도리 없는, 의지할 사람이 shaking: 흔들림, 진동, 흔들리는,
지지자, 의 친구가 되다, 퀘이커, 없는, 어찌할 수 없는, 의지할 곳이 흔듦.
프렌드파, 도와주는 사람, 동반자. 없는. slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
fringe: 가두리, 가장자리, 술장식, herdsman: 목자, 목동자리. 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
술을달다, 술, 가를 두르다, leader: 지휘자, 지도자, 유도심문, smith: 대장장이, 금속세공장,
가를두르다, 에 술을 붙이다, 주변, 술 주장, 힘줄, 선도자, 주임 변호사, 윤리학자, 단조하다, 금속 세공인,
장식, 드리운 앞머리. 주륜, 자막, 어린 가지, 선행 지표. 제조인, 스미스.
glut: 포식, 식상, 공급 과잉, 과다, lower: 낮추다, 내려가다, 누르다, sustained: 지속된.
물리게 하다, 배불리 먹이다, 상품을 낮아지다, 꺾다, 내리다, 저하시키는,
과도하게 공급하다. 하급의, 찌푸린 얼굴, 더 낮게,
 Homer 217

he was flying among the foremost, and the point of the spear went clean through
him.%
While they were spoiling these heroes of their armour, the Achaeans were
flying pell-mell to the trench and the set stakes, and were forced back within
their wall. Hector then cried out to the Trojans, “Forward to the ships, and let the
spoils be. If I see any man keeping back on the other side the wall away from the
ships I will have him killed: his kinsmen and kinswomen shall not give him his
dues of fire, but dogs shall tear him in pieces in front of our city.”
As he spoke he laid his whip about his horses’ shoulders and called to the
Trojans throughout their ranks; the Trojans shouted with a cry that rent the air,
and kept their horses neck and neck with his own. Phoebus Apollo went before,
and kicked down the banks of the deep trench into its middle so as to make a
great broad bridge, as broad as the throw of a spear when a man is trying his
strength. The Trojan battalions poured over the bridge, and Apollo with his
redoubtable aegis led the way. He kicked down the wall of the Achaeans as
easily as a child who playing on the sea-shore has built a house of sand and then
kicks it down again and destroys it—even so did you, O Apollo, shed toil and
trouble upon the Argives, filling them with panic and confusion.
Thus then were the Achaeans hemmed in at their ships, calling out to one
another and raising their hands with loud cries every man to heaven. Nestor of
Gerene, tower of strength to the Achaeans, lifted up his hands to the starry
firmament of heaven, and prayed more fervently than any of them. “Father
Jove,” said he, “if ever any one in wheat-growing Argos burned you fat thigh-
bones of sheep or heifer and prayed that he might return safely home, whereon
you bowed your head to him in assent, bear it in mind now, and suffer not the
Trojans to triumph thus over the Achaeans.”
All-counselling Jove thundered loudly in answer to the prayer of the aged
son of Neleus. When they heard Jove thunder they flung themselves yet more
fiercely on the Achaeans. As a wave breaking over the bulwarks of a ship when
the sea runs high before a gale—for it is the force of the wind that makes the
waves so great—even so did the Trojans spring over the wall with a shout, and

Korean
aged: 나이먹은, 오래된, 삶의, 낡은, 모양의 것. 돌려주다.
노인들, 늙은, 묵은, 살에, 살의, 노인. fervently: 뜨겁게, 열렬하게, 열심히. suffer: 입다, 견디다, 당하다, 병에
answer: 대답하다, 일치하다, 책임을 force: 힘, 폭력, 무력, 완력, 지배력, 걸리다, 괴로워하다, 손해를 입다,
지다, 풀다, 응하다, 부합하다, 대답, 효력, 압력, 경찰대, 강탈하다, 겪다, 고생하다, 허용하여, 아파하다,
해답, 고개를 끄덕여 대답하다, 떠맡기다, 폭포. 하게 하다.
성공하다, 보증하다. pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한, wave: 파도, 물결치다, 파동, 물결,
assent: 동의하다, 승낙하다, 동의, 엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 펄럭이다, 휘두르다, 물결치게 하다,
인정하다, 찬성하다. 가다. 흔들리다, 바다, 너울거리다, 흔들어
bridge: 다리, 브리지, 기러기발, return: 돌아가다, 되돌아가다, 신호하다.
다리놓다, 선교, 연결음악, 대답하다, 답신하다, 보수, 반사하다, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
중개역을하다, 푯대, 함교, 큐대, 다리 반환, 보답하다, 답례, 선출,
218 The Iliad

drive their chariots onwards. The two sides fought with their double-pointed
spears in hand-to-hand encounter-the Trojans from their chariots, and the
Achaeans climbing up into their ships and wielding the long pikes that were
lying on the decks ready for use in a sea-fight, jointed and shod with bronze.%
Now Patroclus, so long as the Achaeans and Trojans were fighting about the
wall, but were not yet within it and at the ships, remained sitting in the tent of
good Eurypylus, entertaining him with his conversation and spreading herbs
over his wound to ease his pain. When, however, he saw the Trojans swarming
through the breach in the wall, while the Achaeans were clamouring and struck
with panic, he cried aloud, and smote his two thighs with the flat of his hands.
“Eurypylus,” said he in his dismay, “I know you want me badly, but I cannot
stay with you any longer, for there is hard fighting going on; a servant shall take
care of you now, for I must make all speed to Achilles, and induce him to fight if
I can; who knows but with heaven’s help I may persuade him. A man does well
to listen to the advice of a friend.”
When he had thus spoken he went his way. The Achaeans stood firm and
resisted the attack of the Trojans, yet though these were fewer in number, they
could not drive them back from the ships, neither could the Trojans break the
Achaean ranks and make their way in among the tents and ships. As a
carpenter’s line gives a true edge to a piece of ship’s timber, in the hand of some
skilled workman whom Minerva has instructed in all kinds of useful arts—even
so level was the issue of the fight between the two sides, as they fought some
round one and some round another.
Hector made straight for Ajax, and the two fought fiercely about the same
ship. Hector could not force Ajax back and fire the ship, nor yet could Ajax drive
Hector from the spot to which heaven had brought him.
Then Ajax struck Caletor son of Clytius in the chest with a spear as he was
bringing fire towards the ship. He fell heavily to the ground and the torch
dropped from his hand. When Hector saw his cousin fallen in front of the ship
he shouted to the Trojans and Lycians saying, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians

Korean
badly: 심하게, 나쁘게, 서투르게, 안심하다, 불안하여, 마음놓이지 일으키다, 유발하다,
대단히, 후회하여, 슬퍼서, 솜씨없게, 않아. 설득하여..시키다, 인공분만하다,
몹시, 몸이 불편한, 기분이 좋지 않은, edge: 가장자리, 날, 천천히 움직이다, 인공분만을 하다.
건강이 좋지 않은. 날카로움, 끝, 비스듬히 나아가다, jointed: 마디가 있는, 이음매가 있는,
conversation: 회화, 담화, 대화, 우세, 흥분해 있다, 날카롭게 하다- 접합의, 관절이 있는.
비공식 회담, 성교, 좌담, 사교, 친교. 비스듬히 나아가다, 날카롭게 하다, piece: 한 조각, 한개, 총, 단편, 한 필,
cousin: 사촌, 같은 계통의 것, 친척, 거나하게 취함. 한 곡, 한 구획, 한예, 한장, 화폐, 한
경, 친한 친구, 봉, 사촌간, 얼간이, entertaining: 재미있는, 유쾌한. 통.
일가, 종자, 종형. induce: 야기하다, 유도하다, torch: 횃불, 빛, 막대 모양의 회중
ease: 안락, 안심시키다, 늦추다, 덜다, 권유하다, 귀납하다, 일으키다, 전등, 토치램프, 회중 전등, 지식의
편안, 여유, 쉬움, 마음놓고, 인공적으로 출산시키다, 인공적으로 등불, 방화범, 문화의 등불, 토치.
 Homer 219

good%in close fight, bate not a jot, but rescue the son of Clytius lest the Achaeans
strip him of his armour now that he has fallen.”
He then aimed a spear at Ajax, and missed him, but he hit Lycophron a
follower of Ajax, who came from Cythera, but was living with Ajax inasmuch as
he had killed a man among the Cythereans. Hector’s spear struck him on the
head below the ear, and he fell headlong from the ship’s prow on to the ground
with no life left in him. Ajax shook with rage and said to his brother, “Teucer, my
good fellow, our trusty comrade the son of Mastor has fallen, he came to live
with us from Cythera and whom we honoured as much as our own parents.
Hector has just killed him; fetch your deadly arrows at once and the bow which
Phoebus Apollo gave you.”
Teucer heard him and hastened towards him with his bow and quiver in his
hands. Forthwith he showered his arrows on the Trojans, and hit Cleitus the son
of Pisenor, comrade of Polydamas the noble son of Panthous, with the reins in
his hands as he was attending to his horses; he was in the middle of the very
thickest part of the fight, doing good service to Hector and the Trojans, but evil
had now come upon him, and not one of those who were fain to do so could
avert it, for the arrow struck him on the back of the neck. He fell from his chariot
and his horses shook the empty car as they swerved aside. King Polydamas saw
what had happened, and was the first to come up to the horses; he gave them in
charge to Astynous son of Protiaon, and ordered him to look on, and to keep the
horses near at hand. He then went back and took his place in the front ranks.
Teucer then aimed another arrow at Hector, and there would have been no
more fighting at the ships if he had hit him and killed him then and there: Jove,
however, who kept watch over Hector, had his eyes on Teucer, and deprived
him of his triumph, by breaking his bowstring for him just as he was drawing it
and about to take his aim; on this the arrow went astray and the bow fell from
his hands. Teucer shook with anger and said to his brother, “Alas, see how
heaven thwarts us in all we do; it has broken my bowstring and snatched the
bow from my hand, though I strung it this selfsame morning that it might serve
me for many an arrow.”

Korean
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사. 불우한.
astray: 타락하여, 길을잃어, 길을 fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히,
잃다. 하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은,
avert: 피하다, 돌리다, 막다. 부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는.
bate: 덜다, 노여움, 알칼리액에 follower: 종자, 추적자, 애인, 수행자,
담그다, 줄이다, 분개, 약하게 하다, 선봉자, 부하, 수행원, 여자 뒤를
약하게 하다-줄다, 줄다, 감소되다, 따라다니는 사람, 의 신봉자, 종동부,
약해지다숨을 죽이고, 탈회액 에 뒤쫓는 사람.
잠그다. inasmuch: 때문에, 이므로, 인 한은.
bowstring: 교수용 밧줄, 시위. jot: 소량, 미소, 대강 적어두다, 공동
deprived: 가난한, 가난한 사람들, 감시 소조, 극히 조금, 조금.
prow: 이물, 기수, 용감한, 용맹스러운,
뱃머리.
quiver: 떨림, 떨게 하다, 화살통, 진동,
전통, 떨다, 전동, 흔들리다.
selfsame: 꼭 같은, 동일한.
trusty: 모범수, 믿을 수 있는, 신뢰할
수 있는, 신용할 수 있는, 믿을 만한
사람.
220 The Iliad

Ajax son of Telamon answered, “My good fellow, let your bow and your
arrows be, for Jove has made them useless in order to spite the Danaans. Take
your spear, lay your shield upon your shoulder, and both fight the Trojans
yourself and urge others to do so. They may be successful for the moment but if
we fight as we ought they will find it a hard matter to take the ships.”
Teucer then took his bow and put it by in his tent. He hung a shield four
hides thick about his shoulders, and on his comely head he set his helmet well
wrought with a crest of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it; he grasped
his redoubtable bronze-shod spear, and forthwith he was by the side of Ajax.%
When Hector saw that Teucer’s bow was of no more use to him, he shouted
out to the Trojans and Lycians, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians good in close
fight, be men, my friends, and show your mettle here at the ships, for I see the
weapon of one of their chieftains made useless by the hand of Jove. It is easy to
see when Jove is helping people and means to help them still further, or again
when he is bringing them down and will do nothing for them; he is now on our
side, and is going against the Argives. Therefore swarm round the ships and
fight. If any of you is struck by spear or sword and loses his life, let him die; he
dies with honour who dies fighting for his country; and he will leave his wife
and children safe behind him, with his house and allotment unplundered if only
the Achaeans can be driven back to their own land, they and their ships.”
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Ajax on the other side
exhorted his comrades saying, “Shame on you Argives, we are now utterly
undone, unless we can save ourselves by driving the enemy from our ships. Do
you think, if Hector takes them, that you will be able to get home by land? Can
you not hear him cheering on his whole host to fire our fleet, and bidding them
remember that they are not at a dance but in battle? Our only course is to fight
them with might and main; we had better chance it, life or death, once for all,
than fight long and without issue hemmed in at our ships by worse men than
ourselves.”
With these words he put life and soul into them all. Hector then killed
Schedius son of Perimedes, leader of the Phoceans, and Ajax killed Laodamas

allotment: 할당, 몫, 분배, 지정, 운명,
특멸수당, 운, 분담액, 배치, 특별
수당, 운수.
chance: 우연, 가망, 기회, 운에 맡기고
해보다, 호기, 운, 가능성, 승산, 복권,
우연한, 우연히 만나다.
dance: 춤추다, 뛰다, 흔들거리다,
댄스, 춤을 추다, 춤추어 이르게 하다,
춤추어 어떤 상태에 이르게 하다, 춤,
춤추게 하다, 무도술, 무도법.
dies: 날, 일.
Korean
easy: 쉬운, 부드러운, 안락한, 게으른, 몹시 조심하는, 무사한, 세이프의,
관대한 다투기 쉬운, 까다롭지 않은, 금고, 도망할우려가 없는, 위험성이
문체가 평이한, 편안한, 평이한, 말을 없는, 의 가능성이 있는, 찬장.
잘 듣는, 다루기쉬운. successful: 성공한, 성대한, 입신한,
hard: 애써서, 열심히 일하는, 튼튼한, 대성공의, 합격한, 좋은 결과의,
단단한, 열심히, 굳은, 중노동, 징역, 출세한, 운 좋은, 크게 히트한, 잘된,
딱딱한, 몹시, 상륙장. 명성을 얻은.
issue: 유출, 나오다, 내다, 발행물, useless: 쓸모없는, 무익한, 속절없는,
유래하다, 생기다, 발행, 발포하다, 편치 않은.
출판하다, 출구, 발포.
safe: 안전한, 틀림없는, 믿을 수 있는,
 Homer 221

captain %of foot soldiers and son to Antenor. Polydamas killed Otus of Cyllene a
comrade of the son of Phyleus and chief of the proud Epeans. When Meges saw
this he sprang upon him, but Polydamas crouched down, and he missed him, for
Apollo would not suffer the son of Panthous to fall in battle; but the spear hit
Croesmus in the middle of his chest, whereon he fell heavily to the ground, and
Meges stripped him of his armour. At that moment the valiant soldier Dolops
son of Lampus sprang upon Lampus was son of Laomedon and for his valour,
while his son Dolops was versed in all the ways of war. He then struck the
middle of the son of Phyleus’ shield with his spear, setting on him at close
quarters, but his good corslet made with plates of metal saved him; Phyleus had
brought it from Ephyra and the river Selleis, where his host, King Euphetes, had
given it him to wear in battle and protect him. It now served to save the life of his
son. Then Meges struck the topmost crest of Dolops’s bronze helmet with his
spear and tore away its plume of horse-hair, so that all newly dyed with scarlet
as it was it tumbled down into the dust. While he was still fighting and confident
of victory, Menelaus came up to help Meges, and got by the side of Dolops
unperceived; he then speared him in the shoulder, from behind, and the point,
driven so furiously, went through into his chest, whereon he fell headlong. The
two then made towards him to strip him of his armour, but Hector called on all
his brothers for help, and he especially upbraided brave Melanippus son of
Hiketaon, who erewhile used to pasture his herds of cattle in Percote before the
war broke out; but when the ships of the Danaans came, he went back to Ilius,
where he was eminent among the Trojans, and lived near Priam who treated
him as one of his own sons. Hector now rebuked him and said, “Why,
Melanippus, are we thus remiss? do you take no note of the death of your
kinsman, and do you not see how they are trying to take Dolops’s armour?
Follow me; there must be no fighting the Argives from a distance now, but we
must do so in close combat till either we kill them or they take the high wall of
Ilius and slay her people.”
He led on as he spoke, and the hero Melanippus followed after. Meanwhile
Ajax son of Telamon was cheering on the Argives. “My friends,” he cried, “be
men, and fear dishonour; quit yourselves in battle so as to win respect from one
Korean
chief: 추장, 주로, 족장, 장관, 장, newly: 다시, 새로이, 최근에, 요즈음, 진홍색, 죄많은, 진분홍 빛의 옷,
최고의, 주요한, 주요부, 두목, 보스, 최근. 죄악을 상징하는 진홍빛.
상관. note: 주를 달다, 적어두다, 어음, 음표, setting: 짐, 식자, 작곡, 둠, 박아 넣기,
corslet: 허리에 두르는 갑옷, 곤충의 주의, 저명, 주목, 선율, 부호, 메모, 날세움, 악보, 한 배의 알, 환경, 놓음,
흉부, 코르셋과 브래지어를 합친 각서. 마무리칠.
여성용 속옷, 갑옷의 동부. remiss: 무기력한, 태만한, 부주의한, trying: 괴로운, 견딜 수 없는, 화나는,
eminent: 현저한, 우수한, 유명한, 해이한, 게으른. 쓰라린, 시험삼아 해보는, 견디기
뛰어난, 저명한, 돌출한. respect: 존경, 경의, 존경하다, 인사, 어려운, 약오르는, 지치는, 고된.
erewhile: 조금전에. 관계, 관심, 고려하다, 주의, 고려, 점, unperceived: 눈치채지 않은, 눈치
especially: 특히, 각별히, 유달리, 관련되다. 채이지 않은.
유별나게. scarlet: 주홍색, 주홍빛, 진홍색의, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
222 The Iliad

another. %Men who respect each other’s good opinion are less likely to be killed
than those who do not, but in flight there is neither gain nor glory.”
Thus did he exhort men who were already bent upon driving back the
Trojans. They laid his words to heart and hedged the ships as with a wall of
bronze, while Jove urged on the Trojans. Menelaus of the loud battle-cry urged
Antilochus on. “Antilochus,” said he, “you are young and there is none of the
Achaeans more fleet of foot or more valiant than you are. See if you cannot
spring upon some Trojan and kill him.”
He hurried away when he had thus spurred Antilochus, who at once darted
out from the front ranks and aimed a spear, after looking carefully round him.
The Trojans fell back as he threw, and the dart did not speed from his hand
without effect, for it struck Melanippus the proud son of Hiketaon in the breast
by the nipple as he was coming forward, and his armour rang rattling round him
as he fell heavily to the ground. Antilochus sprang upon him as a dog springs on
a fawn which a hunter has hit as it was breaking away from its covert, and killed
it. Even so, O Melanippus, did stalwart Antilochus spring upon you to strip you
of your armour; but noble Hector marked him, and came running up to him
through the thick of the battle. Antilochus, brave soldier though he was, would
not stay to face him, but fled like some savage creature which knows it has done
wrong, and flies, when it has killed a dog or a man who is herding his cattle,
before a body of men can be gathered to attack it. Even so did the son of Nestor
fly, and the Trojans and Hector with a cry that rent the air showered their
weapons after him; nor did he turn round and stay his flight till he had reached
his comrades.
The Trojans, fierce as lions, were still rushing on towards the ships in
fulfilment of the behests of Jove who kept spurring them on to new deeds of
daring, while he deadened the courage of the Argives and defeated them by
encouraging the Trojans. For he meant giving glory to Hector son of Priam, and
letting him throw fire upon the ships, till he had fulfilled the unrighteous prayer
that Thetis had made him; Jove, therefore, bided his time till he should see the
glare of a blazing ship. From that hour he was about so to order that the Trojans

Korean
blazing: 심한, 타는, 강렬한, 타는 망나니, 허세, 쓸모없는 인간, 큰
듯한, 듯한, 타오르는, 뻔한. 개자리, 발, 바다표범.
carefully: 신중히, 주의하여, exhort: 훈계하다, 권고하다,
검소하게, 균모있게, 면밀히, 열심히권하다, 간곡히 타이르다.
정성들여서, 조심스럽게, 주의 깊게. fulfilment: 달성, 이행, 수행, 완료,
covert: 은밀한, 숨는 장소, 칼깃, 성취, 실행.
보호를 받고 있는, 비밀의, 잠복소, hour: 시각, 시, 시간, 한시간,
우복우, 암암리의, 숨긴, 살며시, 영업시간, 한 시간, 시과, 사기, 때,
숨은. 근무 시간, 계절의 여신들.
defeated: 쳐부수는. hunter: 사냥꾼, 탐구자, 사냥개,
dog: 수컷, 개, 수캐, 겉꾸밈, 과시, 양딱지 회중 시계, 뚜껑이 앞 뒤로
달린 회중시계.
menelaus: 메넬라오스.
opinion: 의견, 평가, 소신, 판단, 감정,
여론, 선악의 판단, 전문가의 의견.
spurred: 박차를 단, 쇠발톱이 있는,
독촉을 받은, 다그쳐진.
turn: 돌다, 순번, 변화, 회전, 선반을
돌리다, 뒹굴다, 돌리다, 모양, 복자,
방향을 바꾸다, 번갈아.
unrighteous: 사악한, 죄많은, 부정한,
공정하지 않은, 악인들, 옳지 않은.
 Homer 223

should %be driven back from the ships and to vouchsafe glory to the Achaeans.
With this purpose he inspired Hector son of Priam, who was cager enough
already, to assail the ships. His fury was as that of Mars, or as when a fire is
raging in the glades of some dense forest upon the mountains; he foamed at the
mouth, his eyes glared under his terrible eye-brows, and his helmet quivered on
his temples by reason of the fury with which he fought. Jove from heaven was
with him, and though he was but one against many, vouchsafed him victory and
glory; for he was doomed to an early death, and already Pallas Minerva was
hurrying on the hour of his destruction at the hands of the son of Peleus. Now,
however, he kept trying to break the ranks of the enemy wherever he could see
them thickest, and in the goodliest armour; but do what he might he could not
break through them, for they stood as a tower foursquare, or as some high cliff
rising from the grey sea that braves the anger of the gale, and of the waves that
thunder up against it. He fell upon them like flames of fire from every quarter.
As when a wave, raised mountain high by wind and storm, breaks over a ship
and covers it deep in foam, the fierce winds roar against the mast, the hearts of
the sailors fail them for fear, and they are saved but by a very little from
destruction—even so were the hearts of the Achaeans fainting within them. Or
as a savage lion attacking a herd of cows while they are feeding by thousands in
the low-lying meadows by some wide-watered shore—the herdsman is at his
wit’s end how to protect his herd and keeps going about now in the van and now
in the rear of his cattle, while the lion springs into the thick of them and fastens
on a cow so that they all tremble for fear—even so were the Achaeans utterly
panic-stricken by Hector and father Jove. Nevertheless Hector only killed
Periphetes of Mycenae; he was son of Copreus who was wont to take the orders
of King Eurystheus to mighty Hercules, but the son was a far better man than the
father in every way; he was fleet of foot, a valiant warrior, and in understanding
ranked among the foremost men of Mycenae. He it was who then afforded
Hector a triumph, for as he was turning back he stumbled against the rim of his
shield which reached his feet, and served to keep the javelins off him. He tripped
against this and fell face upward, his helmet ringing loudly about his head as he
did so. Hector saw him fall and ran up to him; he then thrust a spear into his

Korean
assail: 엄습하다, 감연히 에 부탁치다, 폭풍, 정기 지불금, 미풍, 광희.
논란하다, 습격하다, 과감히 herdsman: 목자, 목동자리.
부딪치다, 맹렬히 공격하다. jove: 천만에, 맹세코, 목성, 주피터.
cager: 농구 선수. purpose: 목적, 의도, 의지, 효과, 의의,
fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, 잘, 하려고 생각하다, 결심, 계획하다,
기철의, 의기소침. 의도하다, 용도.
foursquare: 견고한, 솔직한, 정사각형, reason: 이유, 논하다, 추론하다,
정사각형으로, 견고히, 정사각형의, 설복하다, 이성, 동기, 도리, 분별,
정방형. 제정신, 추리력, 추리하다.
gale: 강풍, 큰바람, 흥분 상태, 환희, storm: 폭풍우, 강습, 강습하다,
폭소, 실바람, 버드소귀나무의 일종, 날뛰다, 호통치다, 빗발치듯 하는
총알, 큰비, 폭발, 돌진하다,
험알해지다, 심한 천둥.
thousands: 오만.
tremble: 진동, 흔들리다, 조바심하다,
전율하다, 떨하다, 떨림,
전전긍긍하다, 전율, 떨다, 떨게 하다.
upward: 상승하는, 위로 향하는, 이상,
위쪽으로, 위를 향해서, 위로 향한,
위로 향하여, 에서 위쪽으로.
vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다,
허용하다, 허락하다.
224 The Iliad

chest, and killed him close to his own comrades. These, for all their sorrow, could
not help him for they were themselves terribly afraid of Hector.%
They had now reached the ships and the prows of those that had been drawn
up first were on every side of them, but the Trojans came pouring after them. The
Argives were driven back from the first row of ships, but they made a stand by
their tents without being broken up and scattered; shame and fear restrained
them. They kept shouting incessantly to one another, and Nestor of Gerene,
tower of strength to the Achaeans, was loudest in imploring every man by his
parents, and beseeching him to stand firm.
“Be men, my friends,” he cried, “and respect one another’s good opinion.
Think, all of you, on your children, your wives, your property, and your parents
whether these be alive or dead. On their behalf though they are not here, I
implore you to stand firm, and not to turn in flight.”
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Minerva lifted the thick
veil of darkness from their eyes, and much light fell upon them, alike on the side
of the ships and on that where the fight was raging. They could see Hector and
all his men, both those in the rear who were taking no part in the battle, and
those who were fighting by the ships.
Ajax could not bring himself to retreat along with the rest, but strode from
deck to deck with a great sea-pike in his hands twelve cubits long and jointed
with rings. As a man skilled in feats of horsemanship couples four horses
together and comes tearing full speed along the public way from the country into
some large town—many both men and women marvel as they see him for he
keeps all the time changing his horse, springing from one to another without
ever missing his feet while the horses are at a gallop—even so did Ajax go
striding from one ship’s deck to another, and his voice went up into the heavens.
He kept on shouting his orders to the Danaans and exhorting them to defend
their ships and tents; neither did Hector remain within the main body of the
Trojan warriors, but as a dun eagle swoops down upon a flock of wild-fowl
feeding near a river-geese, it may be, or cranes, or long-necked swans—even so
did Hector make straight for a dark-prowed ship, rushing right towards it; for

Korean
beseeching: 간청하는, 간절히 원하는, 하다. 행방불명의, 분실된.
탄원하는, 청하는, 간청하는 듯한, dun: 독촉장, 성화같이 독촉하다, remain: 머무르다, 남다, 유해, 유물,
애원하는 듯한. 어둠침침한, 암갈색으로하다, 유적, 나머지, 유족, 존속하다,
changing: 작고 보기 어리석은 동물, 성화같이독촉하다, 암갈색으로 하다, 생환자, 화석, 유저.
작고 보기 어리석은 사람, 남몰래 암갈색의, 암갈색 말, 암갈색, 밤색말, restrained: 자제된, 억제된, 삼가는,
바꿔치기한 어린애, 작고 보기 흉한 거무스름한 파리낚시의 털바늘. 차분한, 절도있는, 절도 있는.
사람, 작고 보기 흉한 동물. marvel: 경이, 놀라운 것, 경탄, 놀라운 row: 젓다, 거리, 열, 줄, 소동, 법석,
deck: 갑판, 단장하다, 꾸미다, 평평한 일, 불가사의하게 여기다, 놀라다, 말다툼하다, 가로수, 노젓기, 떠들다,
지붕, 갑판을 깔다, 지면, 갑판에 놀람. 배를 젓다.
나와서, 지면-갑판을 깔다, 다음 missing: 보이지 않는, 있어야 할 곳에 terribly: 무섭게, 무시무시하게, 몹시,
타자가 되어, 준비되어, 전투 준비를 없는, 행방 불명인, 없어진, 분실한, 지독하게, 심하게.
 Homer 225

Jove with his mighty hand impelled him forward, and roused his people to
follow him.%
And now the battle again raged furiously at the ships. You would have
thought the men were coming on fresh and unwearied, so fiercely did they fight;
and this was the mind in which they were—the Achaeans did not believe they
should escape destruction but thought themselves doomed, while there was not
a Trojan but his heart beat high with the hope of firing the ships and putting the
Achaean heroes to the sword.
Thus were the two sides minded. Then Hector seized the stern of the good
ship that had brought Protesilaus to Troy, but never bore him back to his native
land. Round this ship there raged a close hand-to-hand fight between Danaans
and Trojans. They did not fight at a distance with bows and javelins, but with
one mind hacked at one another in close combat with their mighty swords and
spears pointed at both ends; they fought moreover with keen battle-axes and
with hatchets. Many a good stout blade hilted and scabbarded with iron, fell
from hand or shoulder as they fought, and the earth ran red with blood. Hector,
when he had seized the ship, would not loose his hold but held on to its curved
stern and shouted to the Trojans, “Bring fire, and raise the battle-cry all of you
with a single voice. Now has Jove vouchsafed us a day that will pay us for all the
rest; this day we shall take the ships which came hither against heaven’s will,
and which have caused us such infinite suffering through the cowardice of our
councillors, who when I would have done battle at the ships held me back and
forbade the host to follow me; if Jove did then indeed warp our judgements,
himself now commands me and cheers me on.”
As he spoke thus the Trojans sprang yet more fiercely on the Achaeans, and
Ajax no longer held his ground, for he was overcome by the darts that were
flung at him, and made sure that he was doomed. Therefore he left the raised
deck at the stern, and stepped back on to the seven-foot bench of the oarsmen.
Here he stood on the look-out, and with his spear held back Trojan whom he saw
bringing fire to the ships. All the time he kept on shouting at the top of his voice
and exhorting the Danaans. “My friends,” he cried, “Danaan heroes, servants of

bench: 판사석, 벤치, 지위에 앉히다,
퇴장시키다, 진열대, 착석시키다,
온실 안의 묘상에 심다, 계단,
밑으로부터 파다, 작업대, 묘상.
blade: 칼날, 잎, 멋장이, 칼, 날개,
검객, 견갑골, 위세가 당당한 사내,
위세가 호탕한 사내, 혀끝, 노깃.
cowardice: 겁, 비겁, 소심.
firing: 발포, 점화, 발사, 불에 쬠, 불을
땜, 해고, 연료, 석탄, 발화, 땔감,
구워내기.
Korean
hacked: 안달난, 곤혹스러운, 당혹한. 공산주의의, 적색의, 피에 물든,
hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 잔인한, 작열하는, 영령의, 빨갱이의.
여기에. single: 단 하나의, 혼자의, 단일,
hope: 희망하다, 바라다, 기대, 호프, 일편단심의, 일치한, 편도의, 단식의,
희망, 유망한 사람, 희망을 품다, 독신의, 단식 시합의, 단식시합, 홑의.
기대하다, 소망, 바람, 희망을 주는 unwearied: 지치지 않은, 끈덕진,
것. 불굴의.
indeed: 참으로, 과연, 정말로, 실로, warp: 날실, 왜곡하다, 비뚤어짐,
정말, 과연그래, 하기는 그래, 하긴, 뒤틀리다, 구부리다, 뒤틀림,
설마, 그렇기는 커녕, 대단히. 뒤둥그러짐, 밧줄로 끌다, 밧줄,
red: 빨간, 빨강, 적자, 혁명적인, 뒤틀리게 하다, 뒤둥그러찌다.
226 The Iliad

Mars, be men my friends, and fight with might and with main. Can we hope to
find helpers hereafter, or a wall to shield us more surely than the one we have?
There is no strong city within reach, whence we may draw fresh forces to turn
the scales in our favour. We are on the plain of the armed Trojans with the sea
behind us, and far from our own country. Our salvation, therefore, is in the
might of our hands and in hard fighting.”%
As he spoke he wielded his spear with still greater fury, and when any
Trojan made towards the ships with fire at Hector’s bidding, he would be on the
look-out for him, and drive at him with his long spear. Twelve men did he thus
kill in hand-to-hand fight before the ships.

armed: 무장한.
bidding: 초대, 입찰, 명령, 공고, 선언,
비드하기.
favour: 호의, 정실, 이익, 친절, 은혜,
은고, 부탁, 호의를 보이다, 편애하다,
편애, 즐겨 착용하다.
fury: 격노, 격렬, 표독한 여자,
표독한여자, 복수의 여신의 하나,
표독스러운 계집.
hand-to-hand: 육박전의.
hereafter: 내세에서, 금후, 앞으로,
Korean
이후. shield: 방패, 보호물, 수호하다, 무늬,
kill: 죽이다, 기세를 꺾다, 시내, 잡은 방패가 되다, 실드, 방패꼴, 보호하다,
것, 수로, 살생, 보내다, 말라 보호자, 숨기다, 순상부.
주게하다, 말살하다, 살인하다, 말라 spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
죽게하다. 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
plain: 명백한, 평이한, 쉬운, 보통의, 창으로 찌르다.
솔직한, 소박한, 평탄한, 단순한, whence: 하는 그 곳으로, 어찌하여,
예쁘지 않은, 무늬없는, 평지. 어디서, 바의, 왜, 어떻게, 출처, 하는,
salvation: 구제, 구조, 구조자, 구원, 어디로부터.
구세, 구제물.
scales: 저울.
 Homer 227

BOOK XVI

Thus%did they fight about the ship of Protesilaus. Then Patroclus drew near
to Achilles with tears welling from his eyes, as from some spring whose crystal
stream falls over the ledges of a high precipice. When Achilles saw him thus
weeping he was sorry for him and said, “Why, Patroclus, do you stand there
weeping like some silly child that comes running to her mother, and begs to be
taken up and carried—she catches hold of her mother’s dress to stay her though
she is in a hurry, and looks tearfully up until her mother carries her—even such
tears, Patroclus, are you now shedding. Have you anything to say to the
Myrmidons or to myself? or have you had news from Phthia which you alone
know? They tell me Menoetius son of Actor is still alive, as also Peleus son of
Aeacus, among the Myrmidons—men whose loss we two should bitterly
deplore; or are you grieving about the Argives and the way in which they are
being killed at the ships, through their own high-handed doings? Do not hide
anything from me but tell me that both of us may know about it.”
Then, O knight Patroclus, with a deep sigh you answered, “Achilles, son of
Peleus, foremost champion of the Achaeans, do not be angry, but I weep for the
disaster that has now befallen the Argives. All those who have been their
champions so far are lying at the ships, wounded by sword or spear. Brave
Diomed son of Tydeus has been hit with a spear, while famed Ulysses and
Agamemnon have received sword-wounds; Eurypylus again has been struck
Korean
crystal: 수정, 광석, 수정 제품, 수정의, precipice: 절벽, 벼랑. 슬퍼하다, 스며 나오게 하다,
컷글라스, 결정체, 결정, 수정 구슬, shedding: 나누기, 흘리기, 벗은 허물, 물방울이 듣다, 비탄하다, 스며내다,
컷글라스로 만든 식기류, 수정점, 오두막. 에 눈물을 흘리다, 물기를 내뿜다,
크리스털유리. silly: 어리석은, 바보 같은, 천진한, 가지를 축 늘어뜨리다.
deplore: 비탄하다. 아연한, 단순한, 백치의, 순진한, weeping: 드리우는, 가지가 휘늘어진,
disaster: 천재, 참사, 재해, 재난, 큰 기절한, 바보. 우는, 눈물 흘리는, 눈물울 흘리는,
실패, 재앙. spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지, 눈물을 흘리는, 늘어짐, 배어 나오는,
doings: 행동, 행실, 행사, 사건, 소행, 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다, 스며 나오는, 스며 나옴, 울음.
몸가짐. 창으로 찌르다.
famed: 유명한, 유명하게 하는. tearfully: 슬프게, 눈물어린 채로.
high-handed: 고압적인. weep: 울다, 흘리다, 눈물을 흘리다,
228 The Iliad

with an arrow in the thigh; skilled apothecaries are attending to these heroes,
and healing them of their wounds; are you still, O Achilles, so inexorable? May it
never be my lot to nurse such a passion as you have done, to the baning of your
own good name. Who in future story will speak well of you unless you now save
the Argives from ruin? You know no pity; knight Peleus was not your father nor
Thetis your mother, but the grey sea bore you and the sheer cliffs begot you, so
cruel and remorseless are you. If however you are kept back through knowledge
of some oracle, or if your mother Thetis has told you something from the mouth
of Jove, at least send me and the Myrmidons with me, if I may bring deliverance
to the Danaans. Let me moreover wear your armour; the Trojans may thus
mistake me for you and quit the field, so that the hard-pressed sons of the
Achaeans may have breathing time—which while they are fighting may hardly
be. We who are fresh might soon drive tired men back from our ships and tents
to their own city.”%
He knew not what he was asking, nor that he was suing for his own
destruction. Achilles was deeply moved and answered, “What, noble Patroclus,
are you saying? I know no prophesyings which I am heeding, nor has my mother
told me anything from the mouth of Jove, but I am cut to the very heart that one
of my own rank should dare to rob me because he is more powerful than I am.
This, after all that I have gone through, is more than I can endure. The girl whom
the sons of the Achaeans chose for me, whom I won as the fruit of my spear on
having sacked a city—her has King Agamemnon taken from me as though I were
some common vagrant. Still, let bygones be bygones: no man may keep his anger
for ever; I said I would not relent till battle and the cry of war had reached my
own ships; nevertheless, now gird my armour about your shoulders, and lead
the Myrmidons to battle, for the dark cloud of Trojans has burst furiously over
our fleet; the Argives are driven back on to the beach, cooped within a narrow
space, and the whole people of Troy has taken heart to sally out against them,
because they see not the visor of my helmet gleaming near them. Had they seen
this, there would not have been a creek nor grip that had not been filled with
their dead as they fled back again. And so it would have been, if only King
Agamemnon had dealt fairly by me. As it is the Trojans have beset our host.
Korean
beset: 공격하다, 꾸미다, 괴롭히다, fairly: 공정히, 꽤, 아주, 명료하게, 권력이 있는, 논지 따위 설득력 있는,
둘러싸다, 방해하다, 범하기 쉬운, 완전히, 상당히, 정말로, 요정같이, 매우, 설득력 있는, 세력이 있는,
빠지기 쉬운, 습격하다, 포위하다, 어지간히, 뚜렷이, 그런대로. 강한.
장식하다, 에 박아 넣다. inexorable: 냉혹한, 무정한, 움직일수 relent: 누그러지다, 마음이
bygones: 과거의 일, 과거. 없는, 용성없는굽힐수없는, 용서 누그러지다, 마음이 부드러워지다,
creek: 작은 만, 후미, 작은 내, 크리크 없는, 냉흑한. 측은하게 생각하다, 가엾게 여기다,
동맹, 크리크 말, 크리크족, 지류, least: 하다못해, 가장적게, 최소, 가장 상냥해지다.
내포, 작은내, 크리크, 크리크 사람. 적게, 가장 작은. vagrant: 방랑하는, 변하기 쉬운,
endure: 지탱하다, 견디다, 참다, 겪다, mistake: 잘못 생각하다, 틀리다, 오해, 부랑자, 방랑성의, 변덕스러운,
인내하다, 받다, 받다-인내하다, 잘못, 오해하다, 그르치다, 착각하다. 방랑의, 유랑하는, 방랑자.
허용하다. powerful: 강력한, 유력한, 많은, won: 원, 한국의 화폐 단위, 원의.
 Homer 229

Diomed%son of Tydeus no longer wields his spear to defend the Danaans,

neither have I heard the voice of the son of Atreus coming from his hated head,
whereas that of murderous Hector rings in my cars as he gives orders to the
Trojans, who triumph over the Achaeans and fill the whole plain with their cry
of battle. But even so, Patroclus, fall upon them and save the fleet, lest the
Trojans fire it and prevent us from being able to return. Do, however, as I now
bid you, that you may win me great honour from all the Danaans, and that they
may restore the girl to me again and give me rich gifts into the bargain. When
you have driven the Trojans from the ships, come back again. Though Juno’s
thundering husband should put triumph within your reach, do not fight the
Trojans further in my absence, or you will rob me of glory that should be mine.
And do not for lust of battle go on killing the Trojans nor lead the Achaeans on to
Ilius, lest one of the ever-living gods from Olympus attack you—for Phoebus
Apollo loves them well: return when you have freed the ships from peril, and let
others wage war upon the plain. Would, by father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo,
that not a single man of all the Trojans might be left alive, nor yet of the Argives,
but that we two might be alone left to tear aside the mantle that veils the brow of
Troy.”
Thus did they converse. But Ajax could no longer hold his ground for the
shower of darts that rained upon him; the will of Jove and the javelins of the
Trojans were too much for him; the helmet that gleamed about his temples rang
with the continuous clatter of the missiles that kept pouring on to it and on to
the cheek-pieces that protected his face. Moreover his left shoulder was tired
with having held his shield so long, yet for all this, let fly at him as they would,
they could not make him give ground. He could hardly draw his breath, the
sweat rained from every pore of his body, he had not a moment’s respite, and on
all sides he was beset by danger upon danger.
And now, tell me, O Muses that hold your mansions on Olympus, how fire
was thrown upon the ships of the Achaeans. Hector came close up and let drive
with his great sword at the ashen spear of Ajax. He cut it clean in two just behind
where the point was fastened on to the shaft of the spear. Ajax, therefore, had

absence: 부재, 결핍, 방심, 결석, 없음.
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사.
ashen: 재의, 창백한, 회색의,
양물푸레나무, 물푸레나무같은,
물푸레나무의.
clatter: 떠들썩하게 지껄이다,
떠들썩함, 달가닥달가닥울리다,
떠들썩한 소리지껄임,
달가닥달가닥하는 소리,
덜걱덜걱소리, 달가닥달가닥울리게
하다, 소란스런 소리를 내며
Korean
움직이다, 수다, 수다스럽게, 것, 기뢰, 나의 가족들 광산, 철광,
재잘거리다. 보고, 광갱, 비밀수단으로 파괴하다,
continuous: 연속적인, 끊임없는, 마디 비밀수단으로 뒤엎다.
없는, 끊이지않는, 그칠줄 모르는, pore: 숙고하다, 기공, 세공, 몰두하다,
간단없는. 털구멍, 털구명, 눈을 독서로
cut: 베다, 절단, 패를 떼다, 몫, 자르다, 혹사시키다, 자세히 보다, 독서로
끊다, 삭감, 묽게 하다, 절단하다, 벤 혹사시키다, 책 따위를 자세히 보다.
상처, 패 떼기. thundering: 엄청나게, 터무니없는,
girl: 계집아이, 소녀, 하녀, 젊은 여자, 우뢰같이 울리는, 우뢰같은,
숫처녀, 여자, 애인, 여급, 거얼. 터무니없이, 매우, 뇌성같이 울리는,
mine: 광산, 풍부한 자원, 지뢰, 나의 뇌성 같은, 거대한, 우뢰 같은.
230 The Iliad

now nothing but a headless spear, while the bronze point flew some way off and
came ringing down on to the ground. Ajax knew the hand of heaven in this, and
was dismayed at seeing that Jove had now left him utterly defenceless and was
willing victory for the Trojans. Therefore he drew back, and the Trojans flung fire
upon the ship which was at once wrapped in flame.%
The fire was now flaring about the ship’s stern, whereon Achilles smote his
two thighs and said to Patroclus, “Up, noble knight, for I see the glare of hostile
fire at our fleet; up, lest they destroy our ships, and there be no way by which we
may retreat. Gird on your armour at once while I call our people together.”
As he spoke Patroclus put on his armour. First he greaved his legs with
greaves of good make, and fitted with ancle-clasps of silver; after this he donned
the cuirass of the son of Aeacus, richly inlaid and studded. He hung his silver-
studded sword of bronze about his shoulders, and then his mighty shield. On his
comely head he set his helmet, well wrought, with a crest of horse-hair that
nodded menacingly above it. He grasped two redoubtable spears that suited his
hands, but he did not take the spear of noble Achilles, so stout and strong, for
none other of the Achaeans could wield it, though Achilles could do so easily.
This was the ashen spear from Mount Pelion, which Chiron had cut upon a
mountain top and had given to Peleus, wherewith to deal out death among
heroes. He bade Automedon yoke his horses with all speed, for he was the man
whom he held in honour next after Achilles, and on whose support in battle he
could rely most firmly. Automedon therefore yoked the fleet horses Xanthus and
Balius, steeds that could fly like the wind: these were they whom the harpy
Podarge bore to the west wind, as she was grazing in a meadow by the waters of
the river Oceanus. In the side traces he set the noble horse Pedasus, whom
Achilles had brought away with him when he sacked the city of Eetion, and who,
mortal steed though he was, could take his place along with those that were
immortal.
Meanwhile Achilles went about everywhere among the tents, and bade his
Myrmidons put on their armour. Even as fierce ravening wolves that are feasting
upon a homed stag which they have killed upon the mountains, and their jaws

Korean
cuirass: 동체 갑옷, 몸통 갑옷, 보호 벌어진, 타오르는, 저속하고 inlaid: 상감의, 박이 넣은, 상감
골판, 에게 동체 갑옷을 입히다, 장갑, 번지르르한, 너울너울 타는, 활활 세공을한.
장갑하다, 흉갑. 타는. rely: 의지하다, 믿다, 기대를 걸다,
deal: 도르다, 전나무 재목, 나누다, grazing: 목초지, 목장, 목축, 방목, 신뢰하다.
베풀다, 소나무 재목, 장사하다, 주다, 목초, 목초의, 목초지의. steed: 말, 기운찬 말.
카드놀이의 패 도르는 일, 한 판, harpy: 탐욕스러운 사람, 여자 얼굴에 suited: 의 슈트를 입은, 슈트를 입은,
가하다, 거래하다. 새의 몸을 가진 괴물, 하피, 지독한 적합하여, 어울려.
defenceless: 방비 없는. 욕심쟁이. whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
fitted: 장비하여, 을 갖추어, 꼭 맞게 headless: 어리석은, 지도자 없는, 머리 wherewith: 무엇으로, 하기 위한,
만들어진. 없는, 목이 없는, 머리가 없는. 그것으로, 그것을 가지고.
flaring: 나팔꽃 모양의, 현란한, hostile: 적의, 적대하는, 적의 있는.
 Homer 231

are red with blood—they go in a pack to lap water from the clear spring with
their long thin tongues; and they reek of blood and slaughter; they know not
what fear is, for it is hunger drives them—even so did the leaders and
counsellors of the Myrmidons gather round the good squire of the fleet
descendant of Aeacus, and among them stood Achilles himself cheering on both
men and horses.%
Fifty ships had noble Achilles brought to Troy, and in each there was a crew
of fifty oarsmen. Over these he set five captains whom he could trust, while he
was himself commander over them all. Menesthius of the gleaming corslet, son
to the river Spercheius that streams from heaven, was captain of the first
company. Fair Polydora daughter of Peleus bore him to ever-flowing
Spercheius—a woman mated with a god—but he was called son of Borus son of
Perieres, with whom his mother was living as his wedded wife, and who gave
great wealth to gain her. The second company was led by noble Eudorus, son to
an unwedded woman. Polymele, daughter of Phylas the graceful dancer, bore
him; the mighty slayer of Argos was enamoured of her as he saw her among the
singing women at a dance held in honour of Diana the rushing huntress of the
golden arrows; he therefore—Mercury, giver of all good—went with her into an
upper chamber, and lay with her in secret, whereon she bore him a noble son
Eudorus, singularly fleet of foot and in fight valiant. When Ilithuia goddess of
the pains of child-birth brought him to the light of day, and he saw the face of
the sun, mighty Echecles son of Actor took the mother to wife, and gave great
wealth to gain her, but her father Phylas brought the child up, and took care of
him, doting as fondly upon him as though he were his own son. The third
company was led by Pisander son of Maemalus, the finest spearman among all
the Myrmidons next to Achilles’ own comrade Patroclus. The old knight Phoenix
was captain of the fourth company, and Alcimedon, noble son of Laerceus of the
fifth.
When Achilles had chosen his men and had stationed them all with their
captains, he charged them straitly saying, “Myrmidons, remember your threats
against the Trojans while you were at the ships in the time of my anger, and you

Korean
crew: 동아리, 패거리, 승무원, 크루, giver: 주는 사람. 풍기다, 김을 내다, 연기, 냄새가
승무원 전원, 반, 의 승무원의 huntress: 여자사냥꾼, 여자 사냥꾼. 나다, 연기나다, 의 냄새가 나다,
일원으로서 일하다, 일단, 일반 lap: 무릎, 싸다, 핥다, 기르는 환경, 증기, 악취가 나는 공기.
선원들, 대, 보트팀. 한바퀴 돌다, 아랫자락, 기꺼이 듣다, singularly: 단수로, 단수, 이상하게,
doting: 맹목적으로 사랑하는, 노망한, 접어겹치다, 한번감기, 처진 부분, 훌륭한, 각각의 단수의, 개개의, 단
사랑에 빠진, 애지중지하는, 망령든, 무릎부분. 하나의, 독특한, 멋진, 이상한,
지나치게 귀여워하는. pack: 싸다, 짐을 지우다, 다발, 현저한.
fifth: 다섯분의 1, 제5, 제 오의, 제 포장하다, 꾸러미, 꾸리다, 일당, spearman: 창병.
오번째의, 다섯번째의 사람, 다섯분의 짐짝, 묶음, 짐을 꾸리다, 운송용의. thin: 드문드문한, 얇은, 가는, 묽은,
한갤런, 다섯분의 하나 의, 오 등품, pains: 고생. 빈약한, 야위다, 천박한, 얼마 안되는,
오도 음정, 다섯번째의 것, 제오. reek: 김, 악취, 기미가 있다, 악취를 얇게하다, 약해지다, 약하게 하다.
232 The Iliad

were all complaining of me. ‘Cruel son of Peleus,’ you would say, ‘your mother
must have suckled you on gall, so ruthless are you. You keep us here at the ships
against our will; if you are so relentless it were better we went home over the
sea.’ Often have you gathered and thus chided with me. The hour is now come
for those high feats of arms that you have so long been pining for, therefore keep
high hearts each one of you to do battle with the Trojans.”
With these words he put heart and soul into them all, and they serried their
companies yet more closely when they heard the of their king. As the stones
which a builder sets in the wall of some high house which is to give shelter from
the winds—even so closely were the helmets and bossed shields set against one
another. Shield pressed on shield, helm on helm, and man on man; so close were
they that the horse-hair plumes on the gleaming ridges of their helmets touched
each other as they bent their heads.%
In front of them all two men put on their armour—Patroclus and
Automedon—two men, with but one mind to lead the Myrmidons. Then Achilles
went inside his tent and opened the lid of the strong chest which silver-footed
Thetis had given him to take on board ship, and which she had filled with shirts,
cloaks to keep out the cold, and good thick rugs. In this chest he had a cup of rare
workmanship, from which no man but himself might drink, nor would he make
offering from it to any other god save only to father Jove. He took the cup from
the chest and cleansed it with sulphur; this done he rinsed it clean water, and
after he had washed his hands he drew wine. Then he stood in the middle of the
court and prayed, looking towards heaven, and making his drink-offering of
wine; nor was he unseen of Jove whose joy is in thunder. “King Jove,” he cried,
“lord of Dodona, god of the Pelasgi, who dwellest afar, you who hold wintry
Dodona in your sway, where your prophets the Selli dwell around you with
their feet unwashed and their couches made upon the ground—if you heard me
when I prayed to you aforetime, and did me honour while you sent disaster on
the Achaeans, vouchsafe me now the fulfilment of yet this further prayer. I shall
stay here where my ships are lying, but I shall send my comrade into battle at the
head of many Myrmidons. Grant, O all-seeing Jove, that victory may go with

Korean
aforetime: 이전에, 미리, 앞서. 증오, 담낭, 애태우다, 진절머리,
board: 마분지, 식탁, 식사, 평의원회, 쓸개, 스쳐서 벗겨진 상처, 걱정거리.
판지, 위원회, 식사하다, 회의, god: 조물주, 신, 하느님, 우상,
증권거래소-널을대다, 널판, 대판. 신격화하다, 숭배하다, 삼등석의
bossed: 돌기물이 붙은, 양각 장식한, 관객, 중요한 사람, 천주, 하나님,
돋을새김이 붙은, 돋을 새김이 붙은. 천제.
cup: 찻종, 컵에 넣다, 술, 운명의 잔, lid: 뚜껑, 눈꺼풀, 모자, 덮개, 규제.
잔, 잔 모양으로 만들다, 찻종 한 잔, relentless: 잔인한, 냉혹한, 가차없는,
컵, 땅바닥을 훑다, 흡각으로 피를 무자비한.
빨아내다, 꽃받침. send: 보내다, 내리다, 던지다, 내다,
gall: 뻔뻔스러움, 담즙, 찰과상, 쓴것, 빠지게 하다, 시키다, 쏘다, 전도하다,
쫓아버리다, 베풀다, 주시다.
serried: 밀집한, 빽빽이 들어찬.
sulphur: 유황, 유황색.
sway: 흔들다, 동요, 지배하다,
좌우하다, 지배, 의 결의를 움직이다,
흔들리다, 좌우 하는 힘, 자유로이
하는 힘, 의 의견을 움직이다.
unwashed: 씻지 않은, 불결한, 물결에
씻기지 않은, 하층 사회, 하층민의.
vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다,
허용하다, 허락하다.
 Homer 233

him; put your courage into his heart that Hector may learn whether my squire is
man enough to fight alone, or whether his might is only then so indomitable
when I myself enter the turmoil of war. Afterwards when he has chased the fight
and the cry of battle from the ships, grant that he may return unharmed, with his
armour and his comrades, fighters in close combat.”
Thus did he pray, and all-counselling Jove heard his prayer. Part of it he did
indeed vouchsafe him—but not the whole. He granted that Patroclus should
thrust back war and battle from the ships, but refused to let him come safely out
of the fight.%
When he had made his drink-offering and had thus prayed, Achilles went
inside his tent and put back the cup into his chest.
Then he again came out, for he still loved to look upon the fierce fight that
raged between the Trojans and Achaeans.
Meanwhile the armed band that was about Patroclus marched on till they
sprang high in hope upon the Trojans. They came swarming out like wasps
whose nests are by the roadside, and whom silly children love to tease, whereon
any one who happens to be passing may get stung—or again, if a wayfarer going
along the road vexes them by accident, every wasp will come flying out in a fury
to defend his little ones—even with such rage and courage did the Myrmidons
swarm from their ships, and their cry of battle rose heavenwards. Patroclus
called out to his men at the top of his voice, “Myrmidons, followers of Achilles
son of Peleus, be men my friends, fight with might and with main, that we may
win glory for the son of Peleus, who is far the foremost man at the ships of the
Argives—he, and his close fighting followers. The son of Atreus King
Agamemnon will thus learn his folly in showing no respect to the bravest of the
Achaeans.”
With these words he put heart and soul into them all, and they fell in a body
upon the Trojans. The ships rang again with the cry which the Achaeans raised,
and when the Trojans saw the brave son of Menoetius and his squire all
gleaming in their armour, they were daunted and their battalions were thrown
into confusion, for they thought the fleet son of Peleus must now have put aside
Korean
accident: 사고, 재난, 우연히 일어난 에스코트하다, 시골의 대지주, 숙녀를 vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다,
일, 지형의 기복, 우연, 우유성, 에스코트하는 사람, 변호사. 허용하다, 허락하다.
부수적인 성질, 부수적인 사태. swarm: 떼짓다, 무리, 군중, 떼지어 wasp: 허리가 가는, 성 잘 내는,
heavenwards: 하늘을 향하는. 분봉하다, 떼, 다수, 꿀벌떼, 기어 말벌같은, 심술궂은, 육군 항공 여자
indomitable: 굴복하지 않는, 불굴의 오르다, 부유 세포군, 분봉하다, 벌 조종사대의 대원, 장수말벌, 성
지지 않으려고 하는, 굽히지 않는. 떼. 잘내는 사람, 백인 앵글로색슨
learn: 배우다, 익히다, 외다, 알다, tease: 괴롭히기, 조르기, 놀려대기, 신교도, 말벌, 성 잘 내는 사람,
가르치다, 듣다. 조르는 사람, 놀려대는 사람, 워스프.
squire: 기사의 종자, 시골 유지, 괴롭히다, 괴롭히는 사람, 조르다, wayfarer: 나그네, 단기 숙박자,
대지주, 여자를 모시고 다니는 신사, 놀려대다, 곯리는 사람, 곯리기. 여행자.
모시고 다니다, 치안판사, 치안 판사, unharmed: 무사한, 상하지 않은. whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
234 The Iliad

his anger, and have been reconciled to Agamemnon; every one, therefore, looked
round about to see whither he might fly for safety.%
Patroclus first aimed a spear into the middle of the press where men were
packed most closely, by the stern of the ship of Protesilaus. He hit Pyraechmes
who had led his Paeonian horsemen from the Amydon and the broad waters of
the river Axius; the spear struck him on the right shoulder, and with a groan he
fell backwards in the dust; on this his men were thrown into confusion, for by
killing their leader, who was the finest soldier among them, Patroclus struck
panic into them all. He thus drove them from the ship and quenched the fire that
was then blazing—leaving the half-burnt ship to lie where it was. The Trojans
were now driven back with a shout that rent the skies, while the Danaans poured
after them from their ships, shouting also without ceasing. As when Jove,
gatherer of the thunder-cloud, spreads a dense canopy on the top of some lofty
mountain, and all the peaks, the jutting headlands, and forest glades show out in
the great light that flashes from the bursting heavens, even so when the Danaans
had now driven back the fire from their ships, they took breath for a little while;
but the fury of the fight was not yet over, for the Trojans were not driven back in
utter rout, but still gave battle, and were ousted from their ground only by sheer
fighting.
The fight then became more scattered, and the chieftains killed one another
when and how they could. The valiant son of Menoetius first drove his spear
into the thigh of Areilycus just as he was turning round; the point went clean
through, and broke the bone so that he fell forward. Meanwhile Menelaus struck
Thoas in the chest, where it was exposed near the rim of his shield, and he fell
dead. The son of Phyleus saw Amphiclus about to attack him, and ere he could
do so took aim at the upper part of his thigh, where the muscles are thicker than
in any other part; the spear tore through all the sinews of the leg, and his eyes
were closed in darkness. Of the sons of Nestor one, Antilochus, speared
Atymnius, driving the point of the spear through his throat, and down he fell.
Maris then sprang on Antilochus in hand-to-hand fight to avenge his brother,
and bestrode the body spear in hand; but valiant Thrasymedes was too quick for

Korean
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, 채집하는 사람. utter: 말하다, 전적인, 절대적인,
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, leg: 다리, 달리다, 버팀대, 걷다, 자락, 완전한, 행사하다, 나타내다,
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 지주, 한 진행 구간, 한 직행구거리, 발음하다, 순전한, 무조건의,
하다. 컴퍼스 따위의 다리, 걸상 따위의 발언하다, 입 밖에 내다.
canopy: 닫집, 하늘, 천개로 덮다, 다리, 타자의 왼쪽 뒤편. valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
천개, 천개처럼 덮는 것, 천개 모양의 packed: 만원의, 꽉 찬, 가 가득 whither: 어디로, 곳으로, 그 곳으로,
차양, 차양, 원개, 도대체, 닫집처럼 채워진. 가는 곳.
가리다. upper: 상위의, 후기의, 상부의,
exposed: 드러난, 노출된, 비바람을 초라한 모습으로, 위의, 갑피,
맞는, 노출한. 가난하여, 각성제, 구두 갑피, 높은,
gatherer: 주름잡는 장치, 모으는 사람, 높은 쪽에 있는 것.
 Homer 235

him, and in a moment had struck him in the shoulder ere he could deal his blow;
his aim was true, and the spear severed all the muscles at the root of his arm, and
tore them right down to the bone, so he fell heavily to the ground and his eyes
were closed in darkness. Thus did these two noble comrades of Sarpedon go
down to Erebus slain by the two sons of Nestor; they were the warrior sons of
Amisodorus, who had reared the invincible Chimaera, to the bane of many. Ajax
son of Oileus sprang on Cleobulus and took him alive as he was entangled in the
crush; but he killed him then and there by a sword-blow on the neck. The sword
reeked with his blood, while dark death and the strong hand of fate gripped him
and closed his eyes.%
Peneleos and Lycon now met in close fight, for they had missed each other
with their spears. They had both thrown without effect, so now they drew their
swords. Lycon struck the plumed crest of Peneleos’ helmet but his sword broke
at the hilt, while Peneleos smote Lycon on the neck under the ear. The blade sank
so deep that the head was held on by nothing but the skin, and there was no
more life left in him. Meriones gave chase to Acamas on foot and caught him up
just as he was about to mount his chariot; he drove a spear through his right
shoulder so that he fell headlong from the car, and his eyes were closed in
darkness. Idomeneus speared Erymas in the mouth; the bronze point of the spear
went clean through it beneath the brain, crashing in among the white bones and
smashing them up. His teeth were all of them knocked out and the blood came
gushing in a stream from both his eyes; it also came gurgling up from his mouth
and nostrils, and the darkness of death enfolded him round about.
Thus did these chieftains of the Danaans each of them kill his man. As
ravening wolves seize on kids or lambs, fastening on them when they are alone
on the hillsides and have strayed from the main flock through the carelessness of
the shepherd—and when the wolves see this they pounce upon them at once
because they cannot defend themselves—even so did the Danaans now fall on
the Trojans, who fled with ill-omened cries in their panic and had no more fight
left in them.

Korean
carelessness: 부주의, 경솔, 소홀, ill-omened: 불길한. 책망하다.
무사태평, 무심함, 속 편함. invincible: 무적의, 정복할수없는, ravening: 먹이를 찾아다니는,
crush: 붐빔, 진압, 압착하다, 눌러 극복할수 없는, 불굴의, 완강한, 탐욕스러운, 게걸스럽게 먹는,
터뜨림, 과즙, 궤멸시키다, 짝패, 정복할수 없는. 탐욕스런.
혼잡, 분쇄, 서로 밀고 들어가다, kids: 키드 장갑, 키드 구두. seize: 잡다, 압류하다, 침범하다,
무너지다. pounce: 급습, 지림분, 붙잡으려 들다, 이용하다, 움켜쥐다, 이해하다,
entangled: 뒤얽히게 하는, 분규를 갑자기 덮치다, 갑자기 덮치다- 잡아매다, 잘 알고 있다, 붙들어 매다,
일으키게 하는, 빠뜨리는. 붙잡으려 덤벼듦, 붙잡으려 덤벼듦, 덮치다, 엄습하다.
fastening: 죔, 잠그기, 닫음, 붙임, 남의 결점 따위를 심하게 책망하다, strayed: 길을 잃는.
잠그는 도구, 잠금, 채우는기구, 잘못 따위를 심하게 책망하다, 갑자기
고정시키기. 달려들다, 달려들어 붙들다, 심하게
236 The Iliad

Meanwhile great Ajax kept on trying to drive a spear into Hector, but Hector
was so skilful that he held his broad shoulders well under cover of his ox-hide
shield, ever on the look-out for the whizzing of the arrows and the heavy thud of
the spears. He well knew that the fortunes of the day had changed, but still stood
his ground and tried to protect his comrades.%
As when a cloud goes up into heaven from Olympus, rising out of a clear sky
when Jove is brewing a gale—even with such panic stricken rout did the Trojans
now fly, and there was no order in their going. Hector’s fleet horses bore him
and his armour out of the fight, and he left the Trojan host penned in by the deep
trench against their will. Many a yoke of horses snapped the pole of their
chariots in the trench and left their master’s car behind them. Patroclus gave
chase, calling impetuously on the Danaans and full of fury against the Trojans,
who, being now no longer in a body, filled all the ways with their cries of panic
and rout; the air was darkened with the clouds of dust they raised, and the
horses strained every nerve in their flight from the tents and ships towards the
city.
Patroclus kept on heading his horses wherever he saw most men flying in
confusion, cheering on his men the while. Chariots were being smashed in all
directions, and many a man came tumbling down from his own car to fall
beneath the wheels of that of Patroclus, whose immortal steeds, given by the
gods to Peleus, sprang over the trench at a bound as they sped onward. He was
intent on trying to get near Hector, for he had set his heart on spearing him, but
Hector’s horses were now hurrying him away. As the whole dark earth bows
before some tempest on an autumn day when Jove rains his hardest to punish
men for giving crooked judgement in their courts, and arriving justice therefrom
without heed to the decrees of heaven—all the rivers run full and the torrents
tear many a new channel as they roar headlong from the mountains to the dark
sea, and it fares ill with the works of men—even such was the stress and strain of
the Trojan horses in their flight.
Patroclus now cut off the battalions that were nearest to him and drove them
back to the ships. They were doing their best to reach the city, but he would not

Korean
brewing: 양조량, 폭풍우의 전조, 뻔뻔스러움, 근원, 담력, 날개맥, 긴장한, 긴장된, 억지로 지어낸,
양조, 검은 구름, 앙조, 양조업. 정력, 중추, 우울. 부자연스러운.
channel: 수로, 강바닥, 해협, 경로, rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주, therefrom: 거기서부터.
채널, 루트, 통신로, 도랑, 홈, 방향, 무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한 thud: 꽝, 털썩, 털썩 떨어지다, 쿵
주파수대. 군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 참패 하고 치다, 추락, 쿵.
crooked: 부정직한, 마음이 비뚤어진, 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰야회. yoke: 멍에, 멜대, 어깨, 한쌍의 가축,
구부러진, 기형의, 비뚤어진, smashed: 술취한. 허리, 지배, 어울리다, 멍에문, 함께
부정하게, 부정수단으로 얻은, 허리가 spearing: 상대방이 멈춘후 헬멧으로 일하다, 결합시키다, 이음목.
구부러진, 뒤틀린, 꼬부라진, 굴곡된. 박치기하기, 스틱끝으로 상대를
impetuously: 맹렬한, 성급한, 격렬한. 찌르기.
nerve: 신경, 용기, 잎맥, 기력, strained: 억지의, 팽팽한, 긴박한,
 Homer 237

let them, and bore down on them between the river and the ships and wall.
Many a fallen comrade did he then avenge. First he hit Pronous with a spear on
the chest where it was exposed near the rim of his shield, and he fell heavily to
the ground. Next he sprang on Thestor son of Enops, who was sitting all
huddled up in his chariot, for he had lost his head and the reins had been torn
out of his hands. Patroclus went up to him and drove a spear into his right jaw;
he thus hooked him by the teeth and the spear pulled him over the rim of his
car, as one who sits at the end of some jutting rock and draws a strong fish out of
the sea with a hook and a line—even so with his spear did he pull Thestor all
gaping from his chariot; he then threw him down on his face and he died while
falling. On this, as Erylaus was on to attack him, he struck him full on the head
with a stone, and his brains were all battered inside his helmet, whereon he fell
headlong to the ground and the pangs of death took hold upon him. Then he laid
low, one after the other, Erymas, Amphoterus, Epaltes, Tlepolemus, Echius son
of Damastor, Pyris, lpheus, Euippus and Polymelus son of Argeas.%
Now when Sarpedon saw his comrades, men who wore ungirdled tunics,
being overcome by Patroclus son of Menoetius, he rebuked the Lycians saying.
“Shame on you, where are you flying to? Show your mettle; I will myself meet
this man in fight and learn who it is that is so masterful; he has done us much
hurt, and has stretched many a brave man upon the ground.”
He sprang from his chariot as he spoke, and Patroclus, when he saw this,
leaped on to the ground also. The two then rushed at one another with loud cries
like eagle-beaked crook-taloned vultures that scream and tear at one another in
some high mountain fastness.
The son of scheming Saturn looked down upon them in pity and said to Juno
who was his wife and sister, “Alas, that it should be the lot of Sarpedon whom I
love so dearly to perish by the hand of Patroclus. I am in two minds whether to
catch him up out of the fight and set him down safe and sound in the fertile land
of Lycia, or to let him now fall by the hand of the son of Menoetius.”
And Juno answered, “Most dread son of Saturn, what is this that you are
saying? Would you snatch a mortal man, whose doom has long been fated, out of

Korean
catch: 걸리다, 발견하다, 쥐다, 붙들다, 끄집어내다, 놈, 개펄속을 찾다. 당겨지다, 찢다, 잡아 당기다, 끌어
잡기, 손잡이, 붙들려고 하다, 사람을 hook: 갈고리, 훅, 코바늘, 낚시, 당기다.
속이는, 걸다, 얻고 싶은 것, 의 갈고리 모양의 곶, 굴곡부, 걸쇠, scream: 소리치다, 날카로운 소리,
주의를 끌다. 갈고리 모양으로 굽다, 갈고리 낚시에 깔깔대다, 매우 익살스런 사람, 큰
falling: 낙하, 타락, 함락, 떨어지는, 걸다, 갈고리 모양으로 구부리다, 소리를 지르다, 번지르르하여
전도, 내리는, 추락, 하락하는, 훅을 먹이다. 어울리지 않다, 깔깔거리며 웃다,
타락하는, 강하, 붕괴. hooked: 갈고리 모양의, 훅이 달린, 센세이셔널 글을 써대다, 소리질러
fastness: 요새, 신속, 고착, 난봉, 방탕, 마약 중독의, 고리가 달린, 갈고리 말하다, 우스꽝스러운 것,
빠름, 정착, 견고, 방종, 성채. 모양으로 구부러진. 우스꽝스러운 사람.
fish: 물고기, 낚시질하다, 낚다, 생선, pull: 뽑다, 끌다, 당기다, 제어하다,
찾다, 어육, 사람, 물고기를 잡다, 마시다, 따다, 당기어 손상시키다,
238 The Iliad

the jaws of death? Do as you will, but we shall not all of us be of your mind. I say
further, and lay my saying to your heart, that if you send Sarpedon safely to his
own home, some other of the gods will be also wanting to escort his son out of
battle, for there are many sons of gods fighting round the city of Troy, and you
will make every one jealous. If, however, you are fond of him and pity him, let
him indeed fall by the hand of Patroclus, but as soon as the life is gone out of
him, send Death and sweet Sleep to bear him off the field and take him to the
broad lands of Lycia, where his brothers and his kinsmen will bury him with
mound and pillar, in due honour to the dead.”
The sire of gods and men assented, but he shed a rain of blood upon the earth
in honour of his son whom Patroclus was about to kill on the rich plain of Troy
far from his home.%
When they were now come close to one another Patroclus struck
Thrasydemus, the brave squire of Sarpedon, in the lower part of the belly, and
killed him. Sarpedon then aimed a spear at Patroclus and missed him, but he
struck the horse Pedasus in the right shoulder, and it screamed aloud as it lay,
groaning in the dust until the life went out of it. The other two horses began to
plunge; the pole of the chariot cracked and they got entangled in the reins
through the fall of the horse that was yoked along with them; but Automedon
knew what to do; without the loss of a moment he drew the keen blade that
hung by his sturdy thigh and cut the third horse adrift; whereon the other two
righted themselves, and pulling hard at the reins again went together into battle.
Sarpedon now took a second aim at Patroclus, and again missed him, the
point of the spear passed over his left shoulder without hitting him. Patroclus
then aimed in his turn, and the spear sped not from his hand in vain, for he hit
Sarpedon just where the midriff surrounds the ever-beating heart. He fell like
some oak or silver poplar or tall pine to which woodmen have laid their axes
upon the mountains to make timber for ship-building—even so did he lie
stretched at full length in front of his chariot and horses, moaning and clutching
at the blood-stained dust. As when a lion springs with a bound upon a herd of
cattle and fastens on a great black bull which dies bellowing in its clutches—even

Korean
adrift: 표류하여, 떠돌아, 헤매어, loss: 손실, 상실, 실패, 패배, 손해, squire: 기사의 종자, 시골 유지,
일정한 직업 없이, 어찌할 바를 몰라. 어쩔 줄 몰라서, 소모, 감손, 사망자, 대지주, 여자를 모시고 다니는 신사,
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 보험의 사망자수, 손실물. 모시고 다니다, 치안판사, 치안 판사,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, midriff: 횡경막, 횡격막. 에스코트하다, 시골의 대지주, 숙녀를
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. poplar: 그 재목, 사시나무, 포플라, 에스코트하는 사람, 변호사.
entangled: 뒤얽히게 하는, 분규를 포플러. tall: 과장된, 높은, 높이의, 엄청난, 키
일으키게 하는, 빠뜨리는. sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자, 큰, 키가 큰, 거창하게, 거창한, 긴,
jealous: 불신앙을 용서치 않는, 전하, 아비, 낳게 하다. 많은.
샘내는, 질투많은, 경계심이 강한, spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
다른 신을 섬기는 것을 허락지 않는, 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
지키는데 급급한, 질투심 많은. 창으로 찌르다.
 Homer 239

so did the leader of the Lycian warriors struggle in death as he fell by the hand of
Patroclus. He called on his trusty comrade and said, “Glaucus, my brother, hero
among heroes, put forth all your strength, fight with might and main, now if ever
quit yourself like a valiant soldier. First go about among the Lycian captains and
bid them fight for Sarpedon; then yourself also do battle to save my armour from
being taken. My name will haunt you henceforth and for ever if the Achaeans
rob me of my armour now that I have fallen at their ships. Do your very utmost
and call all my people together.”
Death closed his eyes as he spoke. Patroclus planted his heel on his breast
and drew the spear from his body, whereon his senses came out along with it,
and he drew out both spear-point and Sarpedon’s soul at the same time. Hard by
the Myrmidons held his snorting steeds, who were wild with panic at finding
themselves deserted by their lords.%
Glaucus was overcome with grief when he heard what Sarpedon said, for he
could not help him. He had to support his arm with his other hand, being in
great pain through the wound which Teucer’s arrow had given him when Teucer
was defending the wall as he, Glaucus, was assailing it. Therefore he prayed to
far-darting Apollo saying, “Hear me O king from your seat, may be in the rich
land of Lycia, or may be in Troy, for in all places you can hear the prayer of one
who is in distress, as I now am. I have a grievous wound; my hand is aching
with pain, there is no staunching the blood, and my whole arm drags by reason
of my hurt, so that I cannot grasp my sword nor go among my foes and fight
them, thou our prince, Jove’s son Sarpedon, is slain. Jove defended not his son,
do you, therefore, O king, heal me of my wound, ease my pain and grant me
strength both to cheer on the Lycians and to fight along with them round the
body of him who has fallen.”
Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He eased his pain, staunched
the black blood from the wound, and gave him new strength. Glaucus perceived
this, and was thankful that the mighty god had answered his prayer; forthwith,
therefore, he went among the Lycian captains, and bade them come to fight
about the body of Sarpedon. From these he strode on among the Trojans to

aching: 쑤시는, 아픈.
comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료,
동료다운, 전우, 조합원.
distress: 고난, 고통, 빈궁, 비탄, 고민,
심통, 피로하게 하다, 피로, 괴롭히다,
압류-괴롭히다, 압류.
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로.
grievous: 슬픈, 비통한, 괴로운,
쓰라린, 심한, 애처로운, 괴롭게 하는,
한탄할 만한.
Korean
haunt: 소굴, 출몰하다, 나오다, 창으로 찌르다.
자주가다, 마음에 붙어 다니다, thankful: 감사하고 있는, 감사의,
자주가는 장소, 에 자주 가다, 감사하는.
나타나다, 끊임없이 출입하는 장소, trusty: 모범수, 믿을 수 있는, 신뢰할
자주 나타나다. 수 있는, 신용할 수 있는, 믿을 만한
heal: 고치다, 낫다, 낫게하다, 사람.
회복되다, 화해시키다. utmost: 최대의, 가장먼, 극한, 최대
henceforth: 차후, 이후, 금후. 한도, 최고의 것, 가장 떨어진,
jove: 천만에, 맹세코, 목성, 주피터. 최대한도, 최대한의, 최상의 것.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지, valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
240 The Iliad

Polydamas%son of Panthous and Agenor; he then went in search of Aeneas and

Hector, and when he had found them he said, “Hector, you have utterly
forgotten your allies, who languish here for your sake far from friends and home
while you do nothing to support them. Sarpedon leader of the Lycian warriors
has fallen—he who was at once the right and might of Lycia; Mars has laid him
low by the spear of Patroclus. Stand by him, my friends, and suffer not the
Myrmidons to strip him of his armour, nor to treat his body with contumely in
revenge for all the Danaans whom we have speared at the ships.”
As he spoke the Trojans were plunged in extreme and ungovernable grief;
for Sarpedon, alien though he was, had been one of the main stays of their city,
both as having much people with him, and himself the foremost among them all.
Led by Hector, who was infuriated by the fall of Sarpedon, they made instantly
for the Danaans with all their might, while the undaunted spirit of Patroclus son
of Menoetius cheered on the Achaeans. First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, men
who needed no bidding. “Ajaxes,” said he, “may it now please you to show
yourselves the men you have always been, or even better—Sarpedon is fallen—
he who was first to overleap the wall of the Achaeans; let us take the body and
outrage it; let us strip the armour from his shoulders, and kill his comrades if
they try to rescue his body.”
He spoke to men who of themselves were full eager; both sides, therefore, the
Trojans and Lycians on the one hand, and the Myrmidons and Achaeans on the
other, strengthened their battalions, and fought desperately about the body of
Sarpedon, shouting fiercely the while. Mighty was the din of their armour as
they came together, and Jove shed a thick darkness over the fight, to increase the
toil of the battle over the body of his son.
At first the Trojans made some headway against the Achaeans, for one of the
best men among the Myrmidons was killed, Epeigeus, son of noble Agacles who
had erewhile been king in the good city of Budeum; but presently, having killed
a valiant kinsman of his own, he took refuge with Peleus and Thetis, who sent
him to Ilius the land of noble steeds to fight the Trojans under Achilles. Hector
now struck him on the head with a stone just as he had caught hold of the body,

Korean
alien: 외국의, 반대의, 외국인의, 울다, 소의 울음소리, 푸대접하여, 위안자.
조화되지 않는, 다른, 외국인, 거류 침울한. search: 찾다, 뒤지다, 검색, 조사하다,
외인, 따돌림 받는 사람, 외계인, outrage: 폭행, 범하다, 격분, 윤리 탐색하다, 몸수색하다, 구하다,
이질의. 따위를 어기다, 에게 폭행하다, 속속들이 스며들다, 살피다, 유심히
headway: 전진, 천정 높이, 진척, 배의 어기다, 법률 따위를 어기다, 불법, 보다, 조사.
속도, 간격. 불법적인 행동, 격분시키다. treat: 대접하다, 논하다, 대우하다,
languish: 고생하다, 그리워하다, overleap: 빠뜨리다, 뛰어넘다, 간주하다, 취급하다, 한턱, 향응하다,
약해지다, 번민하다, 괴롭게 살다, 생략하다. 향음, 한턱내다, 즐거운 일, 처리하다.
노곤해지다, 시들다, 여위다. refuge: 피난처, 은신처, 피난, ungovernable: 제어가 어려운, 제어할
low: 낮은 것, 낮은, 싸게, 낮게, 안전지대, 핑계, 도피처, 구실, 의지, 수 없는, 다스리기 어려운.
저기압, 저지의, 저조의, 움매하고 의지가 되는 사람, 의지가 되는 물건,
 Homer 241

and%his brains inside his helmet were all battered in, so that he fell face foremost
upon the body of Sarpedon, and there died. Patroclus was enraged by the death
of his comrade, and sped through the front ranks as swiftly as a hawk that
swoops down on a flock of daws or starlings. Even so swiftly, O noble knight
Patroclus, did you make straight for the Lycians and Trojans to avenge your
comrade. Forthwith he struck Sthenelaus the son of Ithaemenes on the neck with
a stone, and broke the tendons that join it to the head and spine. On this Hector
and the front rank of his men gave ground. As far as a man can throw a javelin
when competing for some prize, or even in battle—so far did the Trojans now
retreat before the Achaeans. Glaucus, captain of the Lycians, was the first to rally
them, by killing Bathycles son of Chalcon who lived in Hellas and was the richest
man among the Myrmidons. Glaucus turned round suddenly, just as Bathycles
who was pursuing him was about to lay hold of him, and drove his spear right
into the middle of his chest, whereon he fell heavily to the ground, and the fall of
so good a man filled the Achaeans with dismay, while the Trojans were exultant,
and came up in a body round the corpse. Nevertheless the Achaeans, mindful of
their prowess, bore straight down upon them.
Meriones then killed a helmed warrior of the Trojans, Laogonus son of
Onetor, who was priest of Jove of Mt. Ida, and was honoured by the people as
though he were a god. Meriones struck him under the jaw and ear, so that life
went out of him and the darkness of death laid hold upon him. Aeneas then
aimed a spear at Meriones, hoping to hit him under the shield as he was
advancing, but Meriones saw it coming and stooped forward to avoid it,
whereon the spear flew past him and the point stuck in the ground, while the
butt-end went on quivering till Mars robbed it of its force. The spear, therefore,
sped from Aeneas’s hand in vain and fell quivering to the ground. Aeneas was
angry and said, “Meriones, you are a good dancer, but if I had hit you my spear
would soon have made an end of you.”
And Meriones answered, “Aeneas, for all your bravery, you will not be able
to make an end of every one who comes against you. You are only a mortal like
myself, and if I were to hit you in the middle of your shield with my spear,

Korean
aeneas: 트로이의 용사, 아에네아스. forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 행위.
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, 실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는,
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, hawk: 매, 매사냥을 하다, 떨리는.
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 돌아다니며팔다, 알리며 다니다, spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
하다. 강경론자, 매를 부르다, 기침, 매파, 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
bravery: 용감, 화려, 화미. 탐욕한사람, 기침하다, 기침하여 창으로 찌르다.
corpse: 시체, 송장. 내뱉다. whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
enraged: 성나게 하는, 화나게 하는. javelin: 창던지기, 창, 던지는 창.
exultant: 의기 양양한, 크게 기뻐하는, mindful: 주의 깊은, 마음에 두는,
몹시 기뻐하는, 이겨 뽐내는, 환희의, 유의하는.
승리를 뽐내는. prowess: 용기, 훌륭한 솜씨, 용감한
242 The Iliad

however strong and self-confident you may be, I should soon vanquish you, and
you would yield your life to Hades of the noble steeds.”%
On this the son of Menoetius rebuked him and said, “Meriones, hero though
you be, you should not speak thus; taunting speeches, my good friend, will not
make the Trojans draw away from the dead body; some of them must go under
ground first; blows for battle, and words for council; fight, therefore, and say
nothing.”
He led the way as he spoke and the hero went forward with him. As the
sound of woodcutters in some forest glade upon the mountains—and the thud of
their axes is heard afar—even such a din now rose from earth-clash of bronze
armour and of good ox-hide shields, as men smote each other with their swords
and spears pointed at both ends. A man had need of good eyesight now to know
Sarpedon, so covered was he from head to foot with spears and blood and dust.
Men swarmed about the body, as flies that buzz round the full milk-pails in
spring when they are brimming with milk—even so did they gather round
Sarpedon; nor did Jove turn his keen eyes away for one moment from the fight,
but kept looking at it all the time, for he was settling how best to kill Patroclus,
and considering whether Hector should be allowed to end him now in the fight
round the body of Sarpedon, and strip him of his armour, or whether he should
let him give yet further trouble to the Trojans. In the end, he deemed it best that
the brave squire of Achilles son of Peleus should drive Hector and the Trojans
back towards the city and take the lives of many. First, therefore, he made Hector
turn fainthearted, whereon he mounted his chariot and fled, bidding the other
Trojans fly also, for he saw that the scales of Jove had turned against him.
Neither would the brave Lycians stand firm; they were dismayed when they saw
their king lying struck to the heart amid a heap of corpses—for when the son of
Saturn made the fight wax hot many had fallen above him. The Achaeans,
therefore stripped the gleaming armour from his shoulders and the brave son of
Menoetius gave it to his men to take to the ships. Then Jove lord of the storm-
cloud said to Apollo, “Dear Phoebus, go, I pray you, and take Sarpedon out of
range of the weapons; cleanse the black blood from off him, and then bear him a

Korean
allowed: 허용된, 양자수의 변화를 하다, 정화하다. hot: 뜨거운, 데우다, 열렬한, 격렬한,
포함한. considering: 치고는, 을 생각하면, 격한, 더운, 흥분시키는, 호색적인,
buzz: 윙윙거리다, 기계의 소리, 비교적, 그런대로, 에 비해서, 이므로, 열심인, 속도를 더내다, 매운.
벌레의날개소리, 속삭임, 웅성거림, 을 고려하면, 고려한다면. self-confident: 자의식이 있는, 자신
확자지껄하다, 의 위를 닿을듯 말듯 eyesight: 시력, 시각, 시야. 있는, 남의 앞을 꺼리는, 수줍어하는.
낮게 날다, 와글와글, 에게 버저로 fainthearted: 소한, 마음이약한, sound: 소리, 수심을 재다, 소음,
알리다, 술병을 다 따라 마시다, 겁많은, 뱃심 없는, 소심한. 건전한, 해협, 타진하다, 알리다,
분주하게 돌아다니다. heap: 기가 푹 꺽이다, 느닷없이, 많이, 부레, 인상, 확실한, 울리다.
cleanse: 청결하게 하다, 고치다, 씻어 퍽, 쌓다, 쌓아 올리다, 더미, 매우, wax: 밀랍, 납, 증대하다, 밀로 만든,
깨끗이 하다, 세척하다, 숙청하다, 수북이 담다, 쌓아올리다, 쌓아올린 밀의, 밀로 닦다, 밀을 바르다, 밀을
씻다, 제거하다, 청결히 하다, 깨끗이 것. 입히다, 격분, 차차 커지다, 불끈하기.
 Homer 243

long way off where you may wash him in the river, anoint him with ambrosia,
and clothe him in immortal raiment; this done, commit him to the arms of the
two fleet messengers, Death, and Sleep, who will carry him straightway to the
rich land of Lycia, where his brothers and kinsmen will inter him, and will raise
both mound and pillar to his memory, in due honour to the dead.”
Thus he spoke. Apollo obeyed his father’s saying, and came down from the
heights of Ida into the thick of the fight; forthwith he took Sarpedon out of range
of the weapons, and then bore him a long way off, where he washed him in the
river, anointed him with ambrosia and clothed him in immortal raiment; this
done, he committed him to the arms of the two fleet messengers, Death, and
Sleep, who presently set him down in the rich land of Lycia.%
Meanwhile Patroclus, with many a shout to his horses and to Automedon,
pursued the Trojans and Lycians in the pride and foolishness of his heart. Had
he but obeyed the bidding of the son of Peleus, he would have, escaped death
and have been scatheless; but the counsels of Jove pass man’s understanding; he
will put even a brave man to flight and snatch victory from his grasp, or again he
will set him on to fight, as he now did when he put a high spirit into the heart of
Patroclus.
Who then first, and who last, was slain by you, O Patroclus, when the gods
had now called you to meet your doom? First Adrestus, Autonous, Echeclus,
Perimus the son of Megas, Epistor and Melanippus; after these he killed Elasus,
Mulius, and Pylartes. These he slew, but the rest saved themselves by flight.
The sons of the Achaeans would now have taken Troy by the hands of
Patroclus, for his spear flew in all directions, had not Phoebus Apollo taken his
stand upon the wall to defeat his purpose and to aid the Trojans. Thrice did
Patroclus charge at an angle of the high wall, and thrice did Apollo beat him
back, striking his shield with his own immortal hands. When Patroclus was
coming on like a god for yet a fourth time, Apollo shouted to him with an awful
voice and said, “Draw back, noble Patroclus, it is not your lot to sack the city of
the Trojan chieftains, nor yet will it be that of Achilles who is a far better man

Korean
aid: 돕다, 조성하다, 거들다, 맡기다, 맡기다, 위원회에 회부하다, inter: 매장하다, 상호 등의 뜻, 의
도와주다, 임시 상납금, 조력자, 감금하다, 수용하다, 손상하다, 사이의, 중에, 의 뜻.
촉진하다, 도움. 속박하다, 떠맡다, 넣다. memory: 추억, 기억, 기념, 기억력,
anoint: 기름을 바르다, 머리에 기름을 committed: 언질을 주어, 헌신적인, 죽은 뒤의 명성, 영, 기억의 범위,
부어 신성하게 하다, 기름을바르다, 전렴하는, 꼼짝못할 입장이 되어, 개인의 기억력, 메모리, 사후의 명성,
기름을뿌리다, 성직에 임명하다. 명확한 태도를 가진, 약속하여, 기억의 시간적범위.
clothe: 덮다, 부여하다, 싸다, 입히다, 전념하는. pass: 수로, 통용하다, 합격하다,
표현하다, 의복을지급하다, 입다, defeat: 패배, 타파, 격파하다, 지우다, 지나다, 고개, 산길, 변화하다, 물길,
주다, 의복을 몸에 걸치다, 의복을 방해하다, 과기, 무효로 하다, 좌절, 고갯길, 경과하다, 요충지.
걸치다, 몸에걸치다. 격파, 무효로 하다-격파, 쳐부수다.
commit: 위탁하다, 범하다, 몸을 foolishness: 어리석음.
244 The Iliad

than you are.” On hearing this, Patroclus withdrew to some distance and
avoided the anger of Apollo.%
Meanwhile Hector was waiting with his horses inside the Scaean gates, in
doubt whether to drive out again and go on fighting, or to call the army inside
the gates. As he was thus doubting Phoebus Apollo drew near him in the
likeness of a young and lusty warrior Asius, who was Hector’s uncle, being own
brother to Hecuba, and son of Dymas who lived in Phrygia by the waters of the
river Sangarius; in his likeness Jove’s son Apollo now spoke to Hector saying,
“Hector, why have you left off fighting? It is ill done of you. If I were as much
better a man than you, as I am worse, you should soon rue your slackness. Drive
straight towards Patroclus, if so be that Apollo may grant you a triumph over
him, and you may rule him.”
With this the god went back into the hurly-burly, and Hector bade Cebriones
drive again into the fight. Apollo passed in among them, and struck panic into
the Argives, while he gave triumph to Hector and the Trojans. Hector let the
other Danaans alone and killed no man, but drove straight at Patroclus. Patroclus
then sprang from his chariot to the ground, with a spear in his left hand, and in
his right a jagged stone as large as his hand could hold. He stood still and threw
it, nor did it go far without hitting some one; the cast was not in vain, for the
stone struck Cebriones, Hector’s charioteer, a bastard son of Priam, as he held
the reins in his hands. The stone hit him on the forehead and drove his brows
into his head for the bone was smashed, and his eyes fell to the ground at his
feet. He dropped dead from his chariot as though he were diving, and there was
no more life left in him. Over him did you then vaunt, O knight Patroclus,
saying, “Bless my heart, how active he is, and how well he dives. If we had been
at sea this fellow would have dived from the ship’s side and brought up as many
oysters as the whole crew could stomach, even in rough water, for he has dived
beautifully off his chariot on to the ground. It seems, then, that there are divers
also among the Trojans.”
As he spoke he flung himself on Cebriones with the spring, as it were, of a
lion that while attacking a stockyard is himself struck in the chest, and his

Korean
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 거리, 청각, 경청, 가청거리, 청위,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 청취, 들리는 범위, 심문.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. hurly-burly: 대소동.
charioteer: 차로 나르다, 몰다, 이륜 jagged: 톱니 모양의, 들쭉날쭉하게
전차를 모는 사람, 이륜 전차를 몰다. 된, 들쭉날쭉한, 이상하게 된, 바위
dives: 부자. 따위의 톱니와 같은, 톱니와 같은.
doubt: 의심, 의심하다, 의심스러움, likeness: 비슷함, 상사성, 외관, 초상,
의문, 의문-의심하다, 의혹을 품다, 흡사한 것, 흡사한 사람.
불확실함, 염려하다. lusty: 튼튼한, 원기 왕성한.
doubting: 의혹을 품고 있는, 불안한. rule: 괘, 규칙, 규정하다, 통치하다,
hearing: 청력, 듣기, 들어주기, 들리는 지배하다, 지배, 법칙, 괘선, 표준,
억제하다, 자.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
stockyard: 가축 수용장, 가축우리,
가축 수용소, 가축 우리, 가축을
가두어 두는 곳.
vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다.
waiting: 기다리는 시간, 기다리는,
기다림, 시중듦, 시중드는, 시중들기,
대기 시간.
 Homer 245

courage%is his own bane—even so furiously, O Patroclus, did you then spring
upon Cebriones. Hector sprang also from his chariot to the ground. The pair then
fought over the body of Cebriones. As two lions fight fiercely on some high
mountain over the body of a stag that they have killed, even so did these two
mighty warriors, Patroclus son of Menoetius and brave Hector, hack and hew at
one another over the corpse of Cebriones. Hector would not let him go when he
had once got him by the head, while Patroclus kept fast hold of his feet, and a
fierce fight raged between the other Danaans and Trojans. As the east and south
wind buffet one another when they beat upon some dense forest on the
mountains—there is beech and ash and spreading cornel; the top of the trees
roar as they beat on one another, and one can hear the boughs cracking and
breaking—even so did the Trojans and Achaeans spring upon one another and
lay about each other, and neither side would give way. Many a pointed spear fell
to ground and many a winged arrow sped from its bow-string about the body of
Cebriones; many a great stone, moreover, beat on many a shield as they fought
around his body, but there he lay in the whirling clouds of dust, all huge and
hugely, heedless of his driving now.
So long as the sun was still high in mid-heaven the weapons of either side
were alike deadly, and the people fell; but when he went down towards the time
when men loose their oxen, the Achaeans proved to be beyond all forecast
stronger, so that they drew Cebriones out of range of the darts and tumult of the
Trojans, and stripped the armour from his shoulders. Then Patroclus sprang like
Mars with fierce intent and a terrific shout upon the Trojans, and thrice did he
kill nine men; but as he was coming on like a god for a time, then, O Patroclus,
was the hour of your end approaching, for Phoebus fought you in fell earnest.
Patroclus did not see him as he moved about in the crush, for he was enshrouded
in thick darkness, and the god struck him from behind on his back and his broad
shoulders with the flat of his hand, so that his eyes turned dizzy. Phoebus Apollo
beat the helmet from off his head, and it rolled rattling off under the horses’ feet,
where its horse-hair plumes were all begrimed with dust and blood. Never
indeed had that helmet fared so before, for it had served to protect the head and
comely forehead of the godlike hero Achilles. Now, however, Zeus delivered it
Korean
ash: 재, 유골, 회색, 폐허, 창백, 철저한, 크래킹, 활발한, 맹렬한. 예측하다, 의 전조가 되다, 예보하다,
양풀푸레나무, 물푸레나무 재목, delivered: 인도의. 미리 계획하다.
회한을 상징하는 것, 굴욕을 상징하는 dizzy: 당혹케하다, 어질어질한, heedless: 부주의한, 경솔한.
것, 금연 건강 증진 협회, 서양 현기증나는, 현기증나게하다, 현기증 hugely: 거대하게, 크게, 매우, 대단히.
물푸레나무. 나는, 지각 없는, 마음이 들떠, 현기증 phoebus: 태양, 태양신, 해, 포이보스.
beech: 너도밤나무, 너도밤나무 목재. 나게 하다, 어지러울 정도의. range: 연속, 범위, 계급, 레인지,
cornel: 산딸나무속의 식물, east: 동쪽, 동족으로에, 동양, 동쪽의 가지런히 하다, 음역, 사정, 사격장,
산딸기나무속 관목의 일종, 동무의, 미국동부의 여러 주-동쪽의 목장, 열, 정렬시키다.
꽃층층나무. 동무의, 동녘의, 동의, 동, 동부 지방, terrific: 무서운, 굉장한, 대단한,
cracking: 굉장히 좋은, 매우, 열분해, 동부의, 동쪽 끝. 이상한, 훌륭한, 무시무시하다,
분류, 빠른, 굉장히, 아주 멋진, forecast: 예상하다, 예상, 예보, 예정, 무섭다, 소름이 끼치다.
246 The Iliad

over to be worn by Hector. Nevertheless the end of Hector also was near. The
bronze-shod spear, so great and so strong, was broken in the hand of Patroclus,
while his shield that covered him from head to foot fell to the ground as did also
the band that held it, and Apollo undid the fastenings of his corslet.%
On this his mind became clouded; his limbs failed him, and he stood as one
dazed; whereon Euphorbus son of Panthous a Dardanian, the best spearman of
his time, as also the finest horseman and fleetest runner, came behind him and
struck him in the back with a spear, midway between the shoulders. This man as
soon as ever he had come up with his chariot had dismounted twenty men, so
proficient was he in all the arts of war—he it was, O knight Patroclus, that first
drove a weapon into you, but he did not quite overpower you. Euphorbus then
ran back into the crowd, after drawing his ashen spear out of the wound; he
would not stand firm and wait for Patroclus, unarmed though he now was, to
attack him; but Patroclus unnerved, alike by the blow the god had given him and
by the spear-wound, drew back under cover of his men in fear for his life. Hector
on this, seeing him to be wounded and giving ground, forced his way through
the ranks, and when close up with him struck him in the lower part of the belly
with a spear, driving the bronze point right through it, so that he fell heavily to
the ground to the great of the Achaeans. As when a lion has fought some fierce
wild-boar and worsted him—the two fight furiously upon the mountains over
some little fountain at which they would both drink, and the lion has beaten the
boar till he can hardly breathe—even so did Hector son of Priam take the life of
the brave son of Menoetius who had killed so many, striking him from close at
hand, and vaunting over him the while. “Patroclus,” said he, “you deemed that
you should sack our city, rob our Trojan women of their freedom, and carry
them off in your ships to your own country. Fool; Hector and his fleet horses
were ever straining their utmost to defend them. I am foremost of all the Trojan
warriors to stave the day of bondage from off them; as for you, vultures shall
devour you here. Poor wretch, Achilles with all his bravery availed you nothing;
and yet I ween when you left him he charged you straitly saying, ‘Come not back
to the ships, knight Patroclus, till you have rent the bloodstained shirt of

Korean
clouded: 흐린, 혼란된, 침울한, 감동시키다, 이겨내다, 지우다, 보다 훈눈썹뜸부기, 주자, 활주면.
애매한, 구름에 덮힌, 구름무늬의, 강한 힘으로 지우다, 보다 강한 straitly: 엄격하게, 좁게, 답답하게.
구름 모양의, 구름무늬가 있는, 힘으로 상대를 지우다, 상대를 unarmed: 무장하지 않은, 무기가
흐릿한, 멍한. 지우다. 없는, 방호 기관이 없는, 무기를
freedom: 자유, 특권, 면제, 자유독립, poor: 가난한, 불쌍한, 빈약한, 운수 지니지 않은, 무기를 갖지 않은.
해면, 자유사용권, 자유 자재, 솔직함, 나쁜, 가난하게, 열등한, 부족한, wait: 기다리다, 늦추다, 기다림,
뛰어난 승차감, 제멋대로 함, 초라한, 빈민, 비천한, 볼품없는. 기다리는 시간, 시중들다, 시중을
해방되어 있음. proficient: 숙련된, 숙달한, 능수, 들다, 미루다, 성가대, 방문하다, 하지
horseman: 승마자, 마술가, 기수, 달인, 숙달된. 않고 내버려 두다, 따르다.
기병. runner: 달리는 사람, 덩굴, 밀수업자, ween: 기대하다, 믿다, 생각하다,
overpower: 압도하다, 깊이 순경, 활주부, 활주삭, 굴대, 포복지, 이라고 생각하다.
 Homer 247

murderous Hector about his body. Thus I ween did he charge you, and your
fool’s heart answered him ‘yea’ within you.”%
Then, as the life ebbed out of you, you answered, O knight Patroclus:
“Hector, vaunt as you will, for Jove the son of Saturn and Apollo have
vouchsafed you victory; it is they who have vanquished me so easily, and they
who have stripped the armour from my shoulders; had twenty such men as you
attacked me, all of them would have fallen before my spear. Fate and the son of
Leto have overpowered me, and among mortal men Euphorbus; you are yourself
third only in the killing of me. I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, you
too shall live but for a little season; death and the day of your doom are close
upon you, and they will lay you low by the hand of Achilles son of Aeacus.”
When he had thus spoken his eyes were closed in death, his soul left his body
and flitted down to the house of Hades, mourning its sad fate and bidding
farewell to the youth and vigor of its manhood. Dead though he was, Hector
still spoke to him saying, “Patroclus, why should you thus foretell my doom?
Who knows but Achilles, son of lovely Thetis, may be smitten by my spear and
die before me?”
As he spoke he drew the bronze spear from the wound, planting his foot
upon the body, which he thrust off and let lie on its back. He then went spear in
hand after Automedon, squire of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, for he longed to
lay him low, but the immortal steeds which the gods had given as a rich gift to
Peleus bore him swiftly from the field.

Korean
descendant: 자손. 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의,
farewell: 안녕, 고별, 작별의 인사, 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람.
작별의인사, 작별 인사를 하다, 작별. manhood: 남자임, 남자다움, 인간임,
foretell: 예고하다, 예언하다, 예고 성년 남자 전체, 남성기, 성년, 인격,
하다, 예시 하다, 예언 하다. 인성, 성인, 성인 남자.
gift: 선물, 재능, 천분, 부여하다, mourning: 상, 애도, 슬픔, 상복, 비탄.
선사하다, 선사하다부여하다, 증여, murderous: 살인의, 잔인한, 살인적인.
천부의 재능, 천부. planting: 심기, 파종, 식수 조림, 기초
immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, 밑층, 재배.
불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, sad: 진지한, 슬픈, 어두운, 지독한,
불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 우중충충한, 설구워진, 어이없는,
슬퍼하는, 칙칙한, 언어도단의, 잘
부풀지 않은.
smitten: 깊이 감동된, 세게 맞은.
vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다.
vigor: 활기, 정력, 활력, 원기, 구속력,
힘.
ween: 기대하다, 믿다, 생각하다,
이라고 생각하다.
248 The Iliad

BOOK XVII

Brave%Menelaus son of Atreus now came to know that Patroclus had fallen,
and made his way through the front ranks clad in full armour to bestride him.
As a cow stands lowing over her first calf, even so did yellow-haired Menelaus
bestride Patroclus. He held his round shield and his spear in front of him,
resolute to kill any who should dare face him. But the son of Panthous had also
noted the body, and came up to Menelaus saying, “Menelaus, son of Atreus,
draw back, leave the body, and let the bloodstained spoils be. I was first of the
Trojans and their brave allies to drive my spear into Patroclus, let me, therefore,
have my full glory among the Trojans, or I will take aim and kill you.”
To this Menelaus answered in great anger “By father Jove, boasting is an ill
thing. The pard is not more bold, nor the lion nor savage wild-boar, which is
fiercest and most dauntless of all creatures, than are the proud sons of Panthous.
Yet Hyperenor did not see out the days of his youth when he made light of me
and withstood me, deeming me the meanest soldier among the Danaans. His
own feet never bore him back to gladden his wife and parents. Even so shall I
make an end of you too, if you withstand me; get you back into the crowd and
do not face me, or it shall be worse for you. Even a fool may be wise after the
event.”

Korean
armour: 방비, 갑옷과 투구, 철갑, 떨어져 표류하는 얼음 덩어리,
장갑, 방호 기관, 갑옷을 입히는, 멍청이, 머리 나쁜 아이.
갑옷을 입히다, 갑옷, 기갑 부대. clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을
bestride: 걸터타다, 걸리다, 가랑이를 입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다.
벌리고 건너 뛰다, 걸터 타다, 걸터 dauntless: 대담한, 겁 없는.
앉다, 건너 넘다, 걸터앉다, 서다, gladden: 기쁘게 하다, 기뻐하다,
가랑이를 벌리고 걸터타다. 기쁘게 되다.
bloodstained: 살인을 한, 피묻은. lowing: 소의 울음소리 음매하고 우는,
boasting: 자랑하는, 자랑, 거만. 음매하고 우는, 소의 울음 소리.
calf: 송아지, 장딴지, 종아리, 어리석은 pard: 동아리, 짝패, 표범.
젊은이, 송아지 가죽, 빙산에서 resolute: 단호한, 굳게 결심한, 의연한,
불굴의, 할 결의인, 굳은결의의.
savage: 야만적인, 야만인, 잔인,
사나운, 잔인한, 황량한, 세련되지
못한, 최고의, 야만적인 사람, 물어
뜯다, 나체의.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
withstand: 에 저항하다, 에 잘 견디다,
저항하다, 견디어내다, 반항하다.
 Homer 249

Euphorbus would not listen, and said, “Now indeed, Menelaus, shall you
pay for the death of my brother over whom you vaunted, and whose wife you
widowed in her bridal chamber, while you brought grief unspeakable on his
parents. I shall comfort these poor people if I bring your head and armour and
place them in the hands of Panthous and noble Phrontis. The time is come when
this matter shall be fought out and settled, for me or against me.”%
As he spoke he struck Menelaus full on the shield, but the spear did not go
through, for the shield turned its point. Menelaus then took aim, praying to
father Jove as he did so; Euphorbus was drawing back, and Menelaus struck him
about the roots of his throat, leaning his whole weight on the spear, so as to drive
it home. The point went clean through his neck, and his armour rang rattling
round him as he fell heavily to the ground. His hair which was like that of the
Graces, and his locks so deftly bound in bands of silver and gold, were all
bedrabbled with blood. As one who has grown a fine young olive tree in a clear
space where there is abundance of water—the plant is full of promise, and
though the winds beat upon it from every quarter it puts forth its white blossoms
till the blasts of some fierce hurricane sweep down upon it and level it with the
ground—even so did Menelaus strip the fair youth Euphorbus of his armour
after he had slain him. Or as some fierce lion upon the mountains in the pride of
his strength fastens on the finest heifer in a herd as it is feeding—first he breaks
her neck with his strong jaws, and then gorges on her blood and entrails; dogs
and shepherds raise a hue and cry against him, but they stand aloof and will not
come close to him, for they are pale with fear—even so no one had the courage to
face valiant Menelaus. The son of Atreus would have then carried off the armour
of the son of Panthous with ease, had not Phoebus Apollo been angry, and in the
guise of Mentes chief of the Cicons incited Hector to attack him. “Hector,” said
he, “you are now going after the horses of the noble son of Aeacus, but you will
not take them; they cannot be kept in hand and driven by mortal man, save only
by Achilles, who is son to an immortal mother. Meanwhile Menelaus son of
Atreus has bestridden the body of Patroclus and killed the noblest of the Trojans,
Euphorbus son of Panthous, so that he can fight no more.”

Korean
bestridden: 흩뿌리다. hair: 털, 머리털, 털모양의것, 머리가 plant: 놓다, 책략, 식물, 풀, 건설하다,
bring: 제기하다, 이끌다, 초래하다, 하얗다, 극히 약간의 물건, 머리카락, 굴 따위를 양식하다, 묘목, 기계 일습,
일으키다, 낳다, 데리고오다, 간신히, 털의, 털처럼 생긴 것, 속임수, 식님하다, 접나무.
가지고오다, 가져오다, 갖다 주다, 털끝만치의것, 털끝만치. sweep: 옷자락을 끌며 걷다, 털다,
이르게 하다. heifer: 암소, 어린 암소. 청소하다, 엄습하다, 길고 큰 노, 굴뚝
carried: 운반된, 넋을 잃은, 황홀해진, hurricane: 폭풍, 열대의 구풍, 폭팔, 청소부, 타다, 만곡, 먼지, 한 번
황홀한, 제 정신을 잃은. 허리케인 전투기, 격렬. 휘두르기, 청소.
entrails: 내장, 내부. matter: 물질, 재료, 질료, 곪다, unspeakable: 이루말할수없는, 심한,
guise: 외관, 모습, 옷차림, 가면, 복장, 중요하다, 본질, 마티에르, 내용, 언어도단의, 형언하기 어려운, 말하기
을 가장하여, 을 구실삼아, 태도, 명제의 본질, 문제, 자료. 싫은, 입에 담기도 싫은.
구실. menelaus: 메넬라오스. vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
250 The Iliad

The god then went back into the toil and turmoil, but the soul of Hector was
darkened with a cloud of grief; he looked along the ranks and saw Euphorbus
lying on the ground with the blood still flowing from his wound, and Menelaus
stripping him of his armour. On this he made his way to the front like a flame of
fire, clad in his gleaming armour, and crying with a loud voice. When the son of
Atreus heard him, he said to himself in his dismay, “Alas! what shall I do? I may
not let the Trojans take the armour of Patroclus who has fallen fighting on my
behalf, lest some Danaan who sees me should cry shame upon me. Still if for my
honour’s sake I fight Hector and the Trojans single-handed, they will prove too
many for me, for Hector is bringing them up in force. Why, however, should I
thus hesitate? When a man fights in despite of heaven with one whom a god
befriends, he will soon rue it. Let no Danaan think ill of me if I give place to
Hector, for the hand of heaven is with him. Yet, if I could find Ajax, the two of us
would fight Hector and heaven too, if we might only save the body of Patroclus
for Achilles son of Peleus. This, of many evils would be the least.”%
While he was thus in two minds, the Trojans came up to him with Hector at
their head; he therefore drew back and left the body, turning about like some
bearded lion who is being chased by dogs and men from a stockyard with spears
and hue and cry, whereon he is daunted and slinks sulkily off—even so did
Menelaus son of Atreus turn and leave the body of Patroclus. When among the
body of his men, he looked around for mighty Ajax son of Telamon, and
presently saw him on the extreme left of the fight, cheering on his men and
exhorting them to keep on fighting, for Phoebus Apollo had spread a great panic
among them. He ran up to him and said, “Ajax, my good friend, come with me at
once to dead Patroclus, if so be that we may take the body to Achilles—as for his
armour, Hector already has it.”
These words stirred the heart of Ajax, and he made his way among the front
ranks, Menelaus going with him. Hector had stripped Patroclus of his armour,
and was dragging him away to cut off his head and take the body to fling before
the dogs of Troy. But Ajax came up with his shield like wall before him, on
which Hector withdrew under shelter of his men, and sprang on to his chariot,

Korean
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 내뻗다, 태질치다, 욕, 발질, 시험.
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, hesitate: 주저하다, 망설이다.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. hue: 색조, 빛깔, 색상, 고함, 외침소리,
cheering: 갈채하는, 격려가 되는, 비난의 소리, 색채, 고함소리, 특색.
갈채, 기운을 돋우는. prove: 입증하다, 시험하다, 검산하다,
clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을 이라 판명되다, 인정하다, 인하다,
입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다. 임이 알려지다, 이라는 것을 알다, 의
despite: 모욕, 원한, 에도 불구하고, 교정쇄를 내다, 을 검산하다, 알다.
무례, 증오, 또는. single-handed: 한 손의, 한 손으로,
fling: 시도, 내던지다, 돌진하다, 홀로, 단신.
뿌리다, 메어치다, 방종, 갑자기 stockyard: 가축 수용장, 가축우리,
가축 수용소, 가축 우리, 가축을
가두어 두는 곳.
sulkily: 셀쭉하여, 심술나서,
부루퉁해서, 부구퉁하여, 토라져서.
toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다,
올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다,
짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을 애써
이룩하다.
whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
 Homer 251

giving the armour over to the Trojans to take to the city, as a great trophy for
himself; Ajax, therefore, covered the body of Patroclus with his broad shield and
bestrode him; as a lion stands over his whelps if hunters have come upon him in
a forest when he is with his little ones—in the pride and fierceness of his
strength he draws his knit brows down till they cover his eyes—even so did Ajax
bestride the body of Patroclus, and by his side stood Menelaus son of Atreus,
nursing great sorrow in his heart.%
Then Glaucus son of Hippolochus looked fiercely at Hector and rebuked him
sternly. “Hector,” said he, “you make a brave show, but in fight you are sadly
wanting. A runaway like yourself has no claim to so great a reputation. Think
how you may now save your town and citadel by the hands of your own people
born in Ilius; for you will get no Lycians to fight for you, seeing what thanks they
have had for their incessant hardships. Are you likely, sir, to do anything to help
a man of less note, after leaving Sarpedon, who was at once your guest and
comrade in arms, to be the spoil and prey of the Danaans? So long as he lived he
did good service both to your city and yourself; yet you had no stomach to save
his body from the dogs. If the Lycians will listen to me, they will go home and
leave Troy to its fate. If the Trojans had any of that daring fearless spirit which
lays hold of men who are fighting for their country and harassing those who
would attack it, we should soon bear off Patroclus into Ilius. Could we get this
dead man away and bring him into the city of Priam, the Argives would readily
give up the armour of Sarpedon, and we should get his body to boot. For he
whose squire has been now killed is the foremost man at the ships of the
Achaeans—he and his close-fighting followers. Nevertheless you dared not make
a stand against Ajax, nor face him, eye to eye, with battle all round you, for he is
a braver man than you are.”
Hector scowled at him and answered, “Glaucus, you should know better. I
have held you so far as a man of more understanding than any in all Lycia, but
now I despise you for saying that I am afraid of Ajax. I fear neither battle nor the
din of chariots, but Jove’s will is stronger than ours; Jove at one time makes even
a strong man draw back and snatches victory from his grasp, while at another he

Korean
bestride: 걸터타다, 걸리다, 가랑이를 짜다, 편물하다, 접합하다, 뜨개질을 탈주자, 도망자, 달아난, 탈주, 낙승,
벌리고 건너 뛰다, 걸터 타다, 걸터 하다, 합하다, 눈살을 찌푸리다, 사랑의 도피, 급히 오르는, 가출소년.
앉다, 건너 넘다, 걸터앉다, 서다, 팔자로 찌푸려 지다. sir: 님, 경, 이봐, 나리, 각위, 여러분,
가랑이를 벌리고 걸터타다. leave: 떠나다, 휴가, 남기다, 잎이 선생님, 씨, 에게 씨라고 부르다,
claim: 청구, 요구, 주장, 의견을 나오다, 놓고가다, 둔채 잊다, 인 채로 근계, 직업 앞에 붙이는 남자의 경칭.
말하다, 요구하다, 요구할 권리, 끌다, 두다, 허가, 출발하다, 맡기다, 작별. town: 읍, 시민, 읍민, 지방의 중심지,
청구물, 보상의 청구, 반환을 readily: 쾌히, 손쉽게, 쉽사리, 기꺼이, 근처의 주요도시, 소도시, 상가,
요구하다, 고소하다. 서슴없이, 선뜻, 쉽게. 번화가, 성시, 도시의.
fierceness: 사나움, 맹렬, 흉포. reputation: 평판, 명성, 세평, 호평, trophy: 전리품, 트로피, 상품, 전승
harassing: 괴롭히는, 귀찮게 구는. 덕망. 기념비, 상배, 우승 기념품,
knit: 뜨다, 찌푸리다, 밀착시키다, runaway: 도망, 쉽게 이긴, 도망친, 전승기념물, 사슴의뿔, 사자 가죽.
252 The Iliad

will set him on to fight. Come hither then, my friend, stand by me and see
indeed whether I shall play the coward the whole day through as you say, or
whether I shall not stay some even of the boldest Danaans from fighting round
the body of Patroclus.”
As he spoke he called loudly on the Trojans saying, “Trojans, Lycians, and
Dardanians, fighters in close combat, be men, my friends, and fight might and
main, while I put on the goodly armour of Achilles, which I took when I killed
Patroclus.”
With this Hector left the fight, and ran full speed after his men who were
taking the armour of Achilles to Troy, but had not yet got far. Standing for a
while apart from the woeful fight, he changed his armour. His own he sent to the
strong city of Ilius and to the Trojans, while he put on the immortal armour of
the son of Peleus, which the gods had given to Peleus, who in his age gave it to
his son; but the son did not grow old in his father’s armour.%
When Jove, lord of the storm-cloud, saw Hector standing aloof and arming
himself in the armour of the son of Peleus, he wagged his head and muttered to
himself saying, “A! poor wretch, you arm in the armour of a hero, before whom
many another trembles, and you reck nothing of the doom that is already close
upon you. You have killed his comrade so brave and strong, but it was not well
that you should strip the armour from his head and shoulders. I do indeed
endow you with great might now, but as against this you shall not return from
battle to lay the armour of the son of Peleus before Andromache.”
The son of Saturn bowed his portentous brows, and Hector fitted the armour
to his body, while terrible Mars entered into him, and filled his whole body with
might and valour. With a shout he strode in among the allies, and his armour
flashed about him so that he seemed to all of them like the great son of Peleus
himself. He went about among them and cheered them on—Mesthles, Glaucus,
Medon, Thersilochus, Asteropaeus, Deisenor and Hippothous, Phorcys,
Chromius and Ennomus the augur. All these did he exhort saying, “Hear me,
allies from other cities who are here in your thousands, it was not in order to
have a crowd about me that I called you hither each from his several city, but

Korean
aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한, goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 portentous: 놀라운, 불길한, 이상한,
초연해 있다-초연한. 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 전조의, 놀랄만한, 장중한.
arming: 무장, 접극자, 무장을 갖춤. grow: 점점 더해지다, 성장하다, 늘다, reck: 개의하다, 관계하다, 중대하다,
augur: 복점관, 예언 조짐이 되다, 재배하다, 자라게 하다, 자라다, 크다, 마음을 쓰다, 주의하다.
예언자, 점치다, 예언자-점치다, 의 강해지다, 생장시키다, 나다, 점차로 valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
징조가 되다, 징조를 나타내다. -하게 되다. woeful: 비참한, 애처로운, 심한,
endow: 기금을기부하다, 자질, hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 슬픔에 찬, 지독한, 슬퍼할만한.
부여하다, 능력 따위를 부여하다, 여기에. wretch: 불운한 사람, 나쁜놈, 철면피,
재산을 증여하다. lord: 영주, 하느님, 주인, 군주, 놈, 가련한 사람.
exhort: 훈계하다, 권고하다, 권력자, 영지, 주권, 신, 지배자, 남편,
열심히권하다, 간곡히 타이르다. 귀족.
 Homer 253

that with heart and soul you might defend the wives and little ones of the
Trojans from the fierce Achaeans. For this do I oppress my people with your
food and the presents that make you rich. Therefore turn, and charge at the foe,
to stand or fall as is the game of war; whoever shall bring Patroclus, dead though
he be, into the hands of the Trojans, and shall make Ajax give way before him, I
will give him one half of the spoils while I keep the other. He will thus share like
honour with myself.”%
When he had thus spoken they charged full weight upon the Danaans with
their spears held out before them, and the hopes of each ran high that he should
force Ajax son of Telamon to yield up the body—fools that they were, for he was
about to take the lives of many. Then Ajax said to Menelaus, “My good friend
Menelaus, you and I shall hardly come out of this fight alive. I am less concerned
for the body of Patroclus, who will shortly become meat for the dogs and
vultures of Troy, than for the safety of my own head and yours. Hector has
wrapped us round in a storm of battle from every quarter, and our destruction
seems now certain. Call then upon the princes of the Danaans if there is any who
can hear us.”
Menelaus did as he said, and shouted to the Danaans for help at the top of his
voice. “My friends,” he cried, “princes and counsellors of the Argives, all you
who with Agamemnon and Menelaus drink at the public cost, and give orders
each to his own people as Jove vouchsafes him power and glory, the fight is so
thick about me that I cannot distinguish you severally; come on, therefore, every
man unbidden, and think it shame that Patroclus should become meat and
morsel for Trojan hounds.”
Fleet Ajax son of Oileus heard him and was first to force his way through the
fight and run to help him. Next came Idomeneus and Meriones his esquire, peer
of murderous Mars. As for the others that came into the fight after these, who of
his own self could name them?
The Trojans with Hector at their head charged in a body. As a great wave that
comes thundering in at the mouth of some heaven-born river, and the rocks that
jut into the sea ring with the roar of the breakers that beat and buffet them—even

Korean
concerned: 관계하고 있는, 경기회, 책략, 유희, 오락, 한판, shortly: 곧, 간단히, 쌀쌀하게, 얼마 안
걱정스러운, 근심하는, 관심을 가진, 용감한, 끝까지 버티다, 내기하다. 있어, 가까이, 직전에, 무뚝뚝하게,
사회문제에 관심이 있는, 염려하는, oppress: 압박하다, 압제하다, 이내, 즉, 퉁명스럽게, 가까이서.
근심스러운, 사회 문제에 관심이 우울하게 하다, 에게 압박감을 주다, unbidden: 명령받지 않은, 초대받지
있는, 정치 문제에 관심이 있는. 에게 답답한 느낌을 주다. 않은, 자발적인, 초청받지 않은,
distinguish: 구별하다, 분류하다, ring: 반지, 울림, 연륜, 도당, 울리다, 요청받지 않은.
분간하다, 두르러지가하다, 수훈을 팔찌, 나이테, 고리, 울리는 소리, yours: 당신의, 당신의 편지, 당신의
세우다, 이름을 떨치다, 구별이 되다, 치다, 경마장. 것, 댁내, 경구, 당신의 역할, 당신의
구별하는, 판별하다, 두드러지게 share: 역할, 분배하다, 몫, 주, 가족, 경백, 당신의 것인, 당신의
하다, 식별하다. 분담하다, 함께하다, 분담, 보습의 날, 본분, 드림.
game: 농담, 경기, 승부의 점수, 할당, 주식, 함께 나누다.
254 The Iliad

with such a roar did the Trojans come on; but the Achaeans in singleness of
heart stood firm about the son of Menoetius, and fenced him with their bronze
shields. Jove, moreover, hid the brightness of their helmets in a thick cloud, for
he had borne no grudge against the son of Menoetius while he was still alive and
squire to the descendant of Aeacus; therefore he was loth to let him fall a prey to
the dogs of his foes the Trojans, and urged his comrades on to defend him.%
At first the Trojans drove the Achaeans back, and they withdrew from the
dead man daunted. The Trojans did not succeed in killing any one, nevertheless
they drew the body away. But the Achaeans did not lose it long, for Ajax,
foremost of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus alike in stature and prowess,
quickly rallied them and made towards the front like a wild boar upon the
mountains when he stands at bay in the forest glades and routs the hounds and
lusty youths that have attacked him—even so did Ajax son of Telamon passing
easily in among the phalanxes of the Trojans, disperse those who had bestridden
Patroclus and were most bent on winning glory by dragging him off to their city.
At this moment Hippothous brave son of the Pelasgian Lethus, in his zeal for
Hector and the Trojans, was dragging the body off by the foot through the press
of the fight, having bound a strap round the sinews near the ancle; but a mischief
soon befell him from which none of those could save him who would have
gladly done so, for the son of Telamon sprang forward and smote him on his
bronze-cheeked helmet. The plumed headpiece broke about the point of the
weapon, struck at once by the spear and by the strong hand of Ajax, so that the
bloody brain came oozing out through the crest-socket. His strength then failed
him and he let Patroclus’ foot drop from his hand, as he fell full length dead
upon the body; thus he died far from the fertile land of Larissa, and never repaid
his parents the cost of bringing him up, for his life was cut short early by the
spear of mighty Ajax. Hector then took aim at Ajax with a spear, but he saw it
coming and just managed to avoid it; the spear passed on and struck Schedius
son of noble Iphitus, captain of the Phoceans, who dwelt in famed Panopeus and
reigned over much people; it struck him under the middle of the collar-bone the
bronze point went right through him, coming out at the bottom of his shoulder-
blade, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground.
Korean
bestridden: 흩뿌리다. disperse: 흩뜨리다, 흩어지다, 복무시키다, 인쇄소, 혼잡, 인쇄술,
bloody: 피의, 피투성이를 만들다, 분산하다, 흩어지게 하다. 몰려들다.
심한, 피투성이의, 잔인한, 지독한, drop: 낙하, 듣게하다, 소량, 드롭스, short: 갑자기, 짧게, 키가 작은,
피비린내 나는, 무척, 다루기 어려운, 물방울, 한방울, 낮아지다, 눈깔사탕, 부족한, 독한, 짧은, 짧은 음의,
굉장히, 살벌한. 그치다, 그만두다, 죽이다. 부족하여, 미치지 못하다, 간단한,
bottom: 기초, 밑바닥, 바닥의, headpiece: 투구, 두뇌, 머리 쓰개, 깨지기 쉬운.
근거로하다, 기초를두다, 밑, 바다 밑, 모자, 지능, 헤드폰, 머리에 쓰는 singleness: 단일, 성실, 독신, 단독.
바닥, 바닥을 대다, 배밑, 원인. 수화기, 머리, 장 처음에 있는 꽃무늬 winning: 승리, 상금, 결승의, 성공,
cost: 희생, 비용, 원가, 값, 요하다, 장식. 매력적인, 이긴, 횐득, 사람 마음을
원가를 산정하다, 비용이 들다, 들다, press: 누르다, 찬장, 징발하다, 신문, 사로잡는, 사람 마음을 끄는, 승리를
대가, 잃게 하다, 잃게하다. 압박하다, 압착기, 강제적으로 병역에 얻게 하는.
 Homer 255

Ajax in his turn struck noble Phorcys son of Phaenops in the middle of the belly
as he was bestriding Hippothous, and broke the plate of his cuirass; whereon the
spear tore out his entrails and he clutched the ground in his palm as he fell to
earth. Hector and those who were in the front rank then gave ground, while the
Argives raised a loud cry of triumph, and drew off the bodies of Phorcys and
Hippothous which they stripped presently of their armour.%
The Trojans would now have been worsted by the brave Achaeans and
driven back to Ilius through their own cowardice, while the Argives, so great
was their courage and endurance, would have achieved a triumph even against
the will of Jove, if Apollo had not roused Aeneas, in the likeness of Periphas son
of Epytus, an attendant who had grown old in the service of Aeneas’ aged father,
and was at all times devoted to him. In his likeness, then, Apollo said, “Aeneas,
can you not manage, even though heaven be against us, to save high Ilius? I have
known men, whose numbers, courage, and self-reliance have saved their people
in spite of Jove, whereas in this case he would much rather give victory to us
than to the Danaans, if you would only fight instead of being so terribly afraid.”
Aeneas knew Apollo when he looked straight at him, and shouted to Hector
saying, “Hector and all other Trojans and allies, shame on us if we are beaten by
the Achaeans and driven back to Ilius through our own cowardice. A god has
just come up to me and told me that Jove the supreme disposer will be with us.
Therefore let us make for the Danaans, that it may go hard with them ere they
bear away dead Patroclus to the ships.”
As he spoke he sprang out far in front of the others, who then rallied and
again faced the Achaeans. Aeneas speared Leiocritus son of Arisbas, a valiant
follower of Lycomedes, and Lycomedes was moved with pity as he saw him fall;
he therefore went close up, and speared Apisaon son of Hippasus shepherd of
his people in the liver under the midriff, so that he died; he had come from
fertile Paeonia and was the best man of them all after Asteropaeus. Asteropaeus
flew forward to avenge him and attack the Danaans, but this might no longer be,
inasmuch as those about Patroclus were well covered by their shields, and held
their spears in front of them, for Ajax had given them strict orders that no man

Korean
aeneas: 트로이의 용사, 아에네아스. 장갑하다, 흉갑. 속여서 안기다, 수척, 종려나무.
attendant: 시중드는, 수행의, 수행원, devoted: 헌신적인, 골몰하여, self-reliance: 자립, 독립 독행, 자기
수반물, 부수의, 출석자, 곁에 따르는 저주받은, 몸을 바친, 애정이 깊은, 의존.
사람, 출석의, 출석의-곁에 따르는 열애하는, 골몰하는, 헌납된. strict: 엄한, 절대적인, 정확한, 엄격한,
사람, 따라다니는, 시중드는 사람. disposer: 찌꺼기처리 장치, 처리자. 긴장된, 엄밀한, 완전한.
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, entrails: 내장, 내부. valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, inasmuch: 때문에, 이므로, 인 한은. whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 midriff: 횡경막, 횡격막. worsted: 소모사, 소모직물, 털실,
하다. palm: 손바닥, 승리, 우승하다, 털실의, 털실로 만든, 소모사제의.
cuirass: 동체 갑옷, 몸통 갑옷, 보호 종려나무의 가지, 종려, 장갑의
골판, 에게 동체 갑옷을 입히다, 장갑, 손바닥, 야자, 손바닥 모양의 부분,
256 The Iliad

was either to give ground, or to stand out before the others, but all were to hold
well together about the body and fight hand to hand. Thus did huge Ajax bid
them, and the earth ran red with blood as the corpses fell thick on one another
alike on the side of the Trojans and allies, and on that of the Danaans; for these
last, too, fought no bloodless fight though many fewer of them perished,
through the care they took to defend and stand by one another.%
Thus did they fight as it were a flaming fire; it seemed as though it had gone
hard even with the sun and moon, for they were hidden over all that part where
the bravest heroes were fighting about the dead son of Menoetius, whereas the
other Danaans and Achaeans fought at their ease in full daylight with brilliant
sunshine all round them, and there was not a cloud to be seen neither on plain
nor mountain. These last moreover would rest for a while and leave off fighting,
for they were some distance apart and beyond the range of one another’s
weapons, whereas those who were in the thick of the fray suffered both from
battle and darkness. All the best of them were being worn out by the great
weight of their armour, but the two valiant heroes, Thrasymedes and Antilochus,
had not yet heard of the death of Patroclus, and believed him to be still alive and
leading the van against the Trojans; they were keeping themselves in reserve
against the death or rout of their own comrades, for so Nestor had ordered when
he sent them from the ships into battle.
Thus through the livelong day did they wage fierce war, and the sweat of
their toil rained ever on their legs under them, and on their hands and eyes, as
they fought over the squire of the fleet son of Peleus. It was as when a man gives
a great ox-hide all drenched in fat to his men, and bids them stretch it; whereon
they stand round it in a ring and tug till the moisture leaves it, and the fat soaks
in for the many that pull at it, and it is well stretched—even so did the two sides
tug the dead body hither and thither within the compass of but a little space—
the Trojans steadfastly set on dragging it into Ilius, while the Achaeans were no
less so on taking it to their ships; and fierce was the fight between them. Not
Mars himself the lord of hosts, nor yet Minerva, even in their fullest fury could
make light of such a battle.

bloodless: 핏기가없는, 냉혈의,
열정이 없는, 원기 없는, 피를 흘리지
않는, 핏기 없는, 혈기 없는.
brilliant: 훌륭한, 브릴리언트형의
다이아몬드, 찬란하게빛나는,
재기에넘치는, 번쩍번쩍하는, 찬란한,
재기가 뛰어난, 빛나는,
브릴리언트형의 보석, 브릴리언트형,
최소형 활자.
daylight: 일광, 주간, 낮, 틈, 눈, 이해,
의식.
Korean
gone: 지나간, 가망 없는, 깊이 들어간, 준비금, 자제, 운명짓다, 보유하다,
영락한, 일류의, 훌륭한, 희미한, 침묵, 제외, 적립금.
임신한, 과녁을 빗나간, 틀린, 흘딱 sunshine: 햇빛, 맑은 날씨, 명랑,
반한. 양지, 쾌활.
light: 빛, 밝은, 가벼운, 가볍게, 광명, thither: 저기에, 저쪽에, 저쪽의,
밝아지다, 내리다, 경쾌한, 조명, 불, 저쪽으로.
광선. tug: 끌다, 잡아 당기다, 분투, 예인선,
livelong: 오랜, 꼬박, 내내, 온, 긴, 끄집어 내다, 배를 끌다, 당기다,
오래. 장학생, 짧은 가죽 끈, 힘껏 당김,
moisture: 습기, 수분. 예인선으로 끌다.
reserve: 보류, 제한, 예비의, 보류하다, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
 Homer 257

Such fearful turmoil of men and horses did Jove on that day ordain round the
body of Patroclus. Meanwhile Achilles did not know that he had fallen, for the
fight was under the wall of Troy a long way off the ships. He had no idea,
therefore, that Patroclus was dead, and deemed that he would return alive as
soon as he had gone close up to the gates. He knew that he was not to sack the
city neither with nor without himself, for his mother had often told him this
when he had sat alone with her, and she had informed him of the counsels of
great Jove. Now, however, she had not told him how great a disaster had
befallen him in the death of the one who was far dearest to him of all his
comrades.%
The others still kept on charging one another round the body with their
pointed spears and killing each other. Then would one say, “My friends, we can
never again show our faces at the ships—better, and greatly better, that earth
should open and swallow us here in this place, than that we should let the
Trojans have the triumph of bearing off Patroclus to their city.”
The Trojans also on their part spoke to one another saying, “Friends, though
we fall to a man beside this body, let none shrink from fighting.” With such
words did they exhort each other. They fought and fought, and an iron clank
rose through the void air to the brazen vault of heaven. The horses of the
descendant of Aeacus stood out of the fight and wept when they heard that their
driver had been laid low by the hand of murderous Hector. Automedon, valiant
son of Diores, lashed them again and again; many a time did he speak kindly to
them, and many a time did he upbraid them, but they would neither go back to
the ships by the waters of the broad Hellespont, nor yet into battle among the
Achaeans; they stood with their chariot stock still, as a pillar set over the tomb of
some dead man or woman, and bowed their heads to the ground. Hot tears fell
from their eyes as they mourned the loss of their charioteer, and their noble
manes drooped all wet from under the yokestraps on either side the yoke.
The son of Saturn saw them and took pity upon their sorrow. He wagged his
head, and muttered to himself, saying, “Poor things, why did we give you to
King Peleus who is a mortal, while you are yourselves ageless and immortal?

Korean
ageless: 늙지 않는, 영원의, 영원한, 열심히권하다, 간곡히 타이르다. 정하다, 임명하다.
불로의. informed: 지식이 있는, 지식의 stock: 주식, 원료, 혈통, 대, 조선대,
brazen: 뻔뻔스러운, 놋쇠처럼 단단한, 필요한, 소식통의, 견문이 넓은, 가축, 가문, 증권, 가계, 자루, 재고품.
시끄러운, 뻔뻔스럽게하다, 놋쇠빛의, 사정에 밝은, 학식이 있는. upbraid: 꾸짖다, 비난하다, 책하다,
놋쇠로만든, 놋쇠로 만든, 단단한. kindly: 친절한, 쾌히, 기꺼이, 비판하다, 신랄하게 비난하다,
charioteer: 차로 나르다, 몰다, 이륜 상냥하게, 상냥한, 온하한, 쾌히 신랄하게 비판하다, 신랄하게
전차를 모는 사람, 이륜 전차를 몰다. 받아들이다, 친절히, 기후 따위가 힐책하다, 에게 구역질나게 하다, 을
clank: 절거덕 소리나다, 절거덕 소리, 온화한, 온화한, 자연히. 비난하는 결과를 가져오다.
쇠사슬 따위가 쇠를 내다, 절거덕 ordain: 신, 운명이 정하다, 규정하다, void: 무효의, 빈, 공간, 배설하다,
소리나게 하다, 중풍성 섬망증. 지시하다, 신 따위가 정하다, 운명 무효로 하다, 공허, 빈곳, 비어 있는,
exhort: 훈계하다, 권고하다, 따위가 정하다, 성직자를 임명하다, 무익한, 공허한, 취소하다.
258 The Iliad

Was it that you might share the sorrows that befall mankind? for of all creatures
that live and move upon the earth there is none so pitiable as he is—still, Hector
son of Priam shall drive neither you nor your chariot. I will not have it. It is
enough that he should have the armour over which he vaunts so vainly.
Furthermore I will give you strength of heart and limb to bear Automedon safely
to the ships from battle, for I shall let the Trojans triumph still further, and go on
killing till they reach the ships; whereon night shall fall and darkness
overshadow the land.”%
As he spoke he breathed heart and strength into the horses so that they shook
the dust from out of their manes, and bore their chariot swiftly into the fight that
raged between Trojans and Achaeans. Behind them fought Automedon full of
sorrow for his comrade, as a vulture amid a flock of geese. In and out, and here
and there, full speed he dashed amid the throng of the Trojans, but for all the
fury of his pursuit he killed no man, for he could not wield his spear and keep
his horses in hand when alone in the chariot; at last, however, a comrade,
Alcimedon, son of Laerces son of Haemon caught sight of him and came up
behind his chariot. “Automedon,” said he, “what god has put this folly into your
heart and robbed you of your right mind, that you fight the Trojans in the front
rank single-handed? He who was your comrade is slain, and Hector plumes
himself on being armed in the armour of the descendant of Aeacus.”
Automedon son of Diores answered, “Alcimedon, there is no one else who
can control and guide the immortal steeds so well as you can, save only
Patroclus—while he was alive—peer of gods in counsel. Take then the whip and
reins, while I go down from the car and fight.”
Alcimedon sprang on to the chariot, and caught up the whip and reins, while
Automedon leaped from off the car. When Hector saw him he said to Aeneas
who was near him, “Aeneas, counsellor of the mail-clad Trojans, I see the steeds
of the fleet son of Aeacus come into battle with weak hands to drive them. I am
sure, if you think well, that we might take them; they will not dare face us if we
both attack them.”

Korean
befall: 일어나다, 재난이 닥치다, manes: 조상의 영혼.
닥치다, 생기다. move: 움직이다, 운동, 제출하다,
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 이전하다, 호소하다, 활약하다,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 움직임, 이전, 제안하다-움직임,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 제안하다, 창자의 배설을 순하게
descendant: 자손. 하다-움직이다.
live: 살다, 생활하다, 존속하다, 남다, overshadow: 에 그림자를 던지다,
보내다, 살아 있다, 살아있는, 무색하게 만들다, 그늘지게 하다.
생방송의, 생존하다, 을 상식으로 pitiable: 비천한, 가엾은.
하다, 재미있게살다. single-handed: 한 손의, 한 손으로,
mail-clad: 쇠미늘 갑옷을 입은. 홀로, 단신.
throng: 군중, 쇄도하다, 혼잡,
모여들다, 중압, 에 모여들다, 많은
것의 집합, 떼를 지어 모이다, 가득
메우다.
vainly: 헛되이, 자만하여, 공연히,
자랑하여, 뽐내어, 자만심에 부풀어,
헛되어.
vulture: 독수리, 욕심쟁이, 무자비한
사람, 욕심 많은 사람, 대머리수리.
whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
wield: 휘두르다, 지배하다.
 Homer 259

The valiant son of Anchises was of the same mind, and the pair went right
on, with their shoulders covered under shields of tough dry ox-hide, overlaid
with much bronze. Chromius and Aretus went also with them, and their hearts
beat high with hope that they might kill the men and capture the horses—fools
that they were, for they were not to return scatheless from their meeting with
Automedon, who prayed to father Jove and was forthwith filled with courage
and strength abounding. He turned to his trusty comrade Alcimedon and said,
“Alcimedon, keep your horses so close up that I may feel their breath upon my
back; I doubt that we shall not stay Hector son of Priam till he has killed us and
mounted behind the horses; he will then either spread panic among the ranks of
the Achaeans, or himself be killed among the foremost.”%
On this he cried out to the two Ajaxes and Menelaus, “Ajaxes captains of the
Argives, and Menelaus, give the dead body over to them that are best able to
defend it, and come to the rescue of us living; for Hector and Aeneas who are the
two best men among the Trojans, are pressing us hard in the full tide of war.
Nevertheless the issue lies on the lap of heaven, I will therefore hurl my spear
and leave the rest to Jove.”
He poised and hurled as he spoke, whereon the spear struck the round shield
of Aretus, and went right through it for the shield stayed it not, so that it was
driven through his belt into the lower part of his belly. As when some sturdy
youth, axe in hand, deals his blow behind the horns of an ox and severs the
tendons at the back of its neck so that it springs forward and then drops, even so
did Aretus give one bound and then fall on his back the spear quivering in his
body till it made an end of him. Hector then aimed a spear at Automedon but he
saw it coming and stooped forward to avoid it, so that it flew past him and the
point stuck in the ground, while the butt-end went on quivering till Mars robbed
it of its force. They would then have fought hand to hand with swords had not
the two Ajaxes forced their way through the crowd when they heard their
comrade calling, and parted them for all their fury—for Hector, Aeneas, and
Chromius were afraid and drew back, leaving Aretus to lie there struck to the
heart. Automedon, peer of fleet Mars, then stripped him of his armour and

capture: 포획물, 포획, 획득하다, 점령,
사로잡다, 포착하다, 생포, 지배권을
쥐다, 잡다, 포착, 점령하다.
comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료,
동료다운, 전우, 조합원.
drops: 점적약.
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로.
hurl: 퍼붓다, 내던지다, 내던짐,
던지다, 세게 던지기, 차로 운반하다.
meeting: 만남, 결투, 회전, 회합, 합류,
Korean
회견, 모임, 특수한 모임, 교차점, sturdy: 억센, 불굴의, 완강한, 건전한,
교차, 조우. 우람스러운.
overlaid: 과거분사형, 의 과거. tough: 강인한, 곤란한, 고된, 구부려도
ox: 수소, 소. 꺾이지 않는, 난폭한, 다루기 힘든,
quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는, 괴로운, 차진, 믿어지지 않는, 혹심한,
떨리는. 참고 견디다.
scatheless: 해를 입지 않고, 무난한, trusty: 모범수, 믿을 수 있는, 신뢰할
무사한, 상처없는, 무사하여. 수 있는, 신용할 수 있는, 믿을 만한
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지, 사람.
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다, valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
창으로 찌르다. whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
260 The Iliad

vaunted over him saying, “I have done little to assuage my sorrow for the son of
Menoetius, for the man I have killed is not so good as he was.”
As he spoke he took the blood-stained spoils and laid them upon his chariot;
then he mounted the car with his hands and feet all steeped in gore as a lion that
has been gorging upon a bull.%
And now the fierce groanful fight again raged about Patroclus, for Minerva
came down from heaven and roused its fury by the command of far-seeing Jove,
who had changed his mind and sent her to encourage the Danaans. As when
Jove bends his bright bow in heaven in token to mankind either of war or of the
chill storms that stay men from their labour and plague the flocks—even so,
wrapped in such radiant raiment, did Minerva go in among the host and speak
man by man to each. First she took the form and voice of Phoenix and spoke to
Menelaus son of Atreus, who was standing near her. “Menelaus,” said she, “it
will be shame and dishonour to you, if dogs tear the noble comrade of Achilles
under the walls of Troy. Therefore be staunch, and urge your men to be so also.”
Menelaus answered, “Phoenix, my good old friend, may Minerva vouchsafe
me strength and keep the darts from off me, for so shall I stand by Patroclus and
defend him; his death has gone to my heart, but Hector is as a raging fire and
deals his blows without ceasing, for Jove is now granting him a time of
triumph.”
Minerva was pleased at his having named herself before any of the other
gods. Therefore she put strength into his knees and shoulders, and made him as
bold as a fly, which, though driven off will yet come again and bite if it can, so
dearly does it love man’s blood—even so bold as this did she make him as he
stood over Patroclus and threw his spear. Now there was among the Trojans a
man named Podes, son of Eetion, who was both rich and valiant. Hector held
him in the highest honour for he was his comrade and boon companion; the
spear of Menelaus struck this man in the girdle just as he had turned in flight,
and went right through him. Whereon he fell heavily forward, and Menelaus son
of Atreus drew off his body from the Trojans into the ranks of his own people.

Korean
assuage: 누그러지게하다, 가라앉히다, 지불거절, 의 명예를 더럽히다. 하다, 페승, 재화 따위를 당하게 하다.
완화시키다, 만족시키자, 만족시키다, girdle: 거들, 두르는것, 둘러싸다, 의 raiment: 의류, 의복.
완화하다. 나무껍질을 고리모양으로 벗기다, 띠, steeped: 깊이 스며든, 액체에 담근,
bends: 잠함병, 케이슨병. 띠로 조르다, 일주하다, 황도대. 뒤덮인, 둘러싸인.
ceasing: 중단, 중지. gore: 삼각형의 헝겊 조각, 응혈, valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
chill: 오한, 냉기, 차가운, 한기, 춥게 찌르다, 흘린피, 무를 달다, 꽂다, 무, vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
하다, 냉담한, 냉장하다, 냉랭한, 삼각형의 토지, 핏덩어리, 엄니로 vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다,
풀죽음, 추위에 떨고 있는, 냉담. 받다, 에 이음천을 대다. 허용하다, 허락하다.
dishonour: 굴욕, 불명예, 치욕, plague: 역병, 천재, 괴롭히다, 재해, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
정조를 범하다, 인수거절, 의 명예를 귀찮은 일, 성가신 사람, 천벌, 말썰-
손상시키다, 어기다, 수칫거리, 역병에 걸리게 하다, 역병에 걸리게
 Homer 261

Apollo then went up to Hector and spurred him on to fight, in the likeness of
Phaenops son of Asius who lived in Abydos and was the most favoured of all
Hector’s guests. In his likeness Apollo said, “Hector, who of the Achaeans will
fear you henceforward now that you have quailed before Menelaus who has
ever been rated poorly as a soldier? Yet he has now got a corpse away from the
Trojans single-handed, and has slain your own true comrade, a man brave
among the foremost, Podes son of Eetion.”
A dark cloud of grief fell upon Hector as he heard, and he made his way to
the front clad in full armour. Thereon the son of Saturn seized his bright
tasselled aegis, and veiled Ida in cloud: he sent forth his lightnings and his
thunders, and as he shook his aegis he gave victory to the Trojans and routed the
Achaeans.%
The panic was begun by Peneleos the Boeotian, for while keeping his face
turned ever towards the foe he had been hit with a spear on the upper part of the
shoulder; a spear thrown by Polydamas had grazed the top of the bone, for
Polydamas had come up to him and struck him from close at hand. Then Hector
in close combat struck Leitus son of noble Alectryon in the hand by the wrist,
and disabled him from fighting further. He looked about him in dismay,
knowing that never again should he wield spear in battle with the Trojans. While
Hector was in pursuit of Leitus, Idomeneus struck him on the breastplate over
his chest near the nipple; but the spear broke in the shaft, and the Trojans
cheered aloud. Hector then aimed at Idomeneus son of Deucalion as he was
standing on his chariot, and very narrowly missed him, but the spear hit
Coiranus, a follower and charioteer of Meriones who had come with him from
Lyctus. Idomeneus had left the ships on foot and would have afforded a great
triumph to the Trojans if Coiranus had not driven quickly up to him, he therefore
brought life and rescue to Idomeneus, but himself fell by the hand of murderous
Hector. For Hector hit him on the jaw under the ear; the end of the spear drove
out his teeth and cut his tongue in two pieces, so that he fell from his chariot and
let the reins fall to the ground. Meriones gathered them up from the ground and

Korean
aegis: 보호, 옹호, 제우스의 방패, 입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다.
후원, 주최, 방패. follower: 종자, 추적자, 애인, 수행자,
breastplate: 가슴받이, 복갑, 거북의 선봉자, 부하, 수행원, 여자 뒤를
복갑, 흉패, 가슴걸이로 멘 마구, 따라다니는 사람, 의 신봉자, 종동부,
목걸이 없이 멘 마구. 뒤쫓는 사람.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, henceforward: 차후, 이후, 금후.
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, narrowly: 좁게, 간신히, 가까스로,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 편협하게, 엄밀히, 정밀하게, 도량이
charioteer: 차로 나르다, 몰다, 이륜 좁게.
전차를 모는 사람, 이륜 전차를 몰다. nipple: 젖꼭지, 고무 젖꼭지, 그리스
clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을 주입구, 젖꼭지 모양으로 생긴것,
파이프 이음쇠, 젖꼭지 모양의 것.
poorly: 가난하게, 부족하게,
불충분하게, 신통치 않게, 건강이
좋지 않은.
rated: 정격의.
single-handed: 한 손의, 한 손으로,
홀로, 단신.
thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시.
veiled: 분명치 않은, 가면을 쓴,
감추어진, 베일로 덮인, 숨겨진.
wield: 휘두르다, 지배하다.
262 The Iliad

took%them into his own hands, then he said to Idomeneus, “Lay on, till you get
back to the ships, for you must see that the day is no longer ours.”
On this Idomeneus lashed the horses to the ships, for fear had taken hold
upon him.
Ajax and Menelaus noted how Jove had turned the scale in favour of the
Trojans, and Ajax was first to speak. “Alas,” said he, “even a fool may see that
father Jove is helping the Trojans. All their weapons strike home; no matter
whether it be a brave man or a coward that hurls them, Jove speeds all alike,
whereas ours fall each one of them without effect. What, then, will be best both
as regards rescuing the body, and our return to the joy of our friends who will be
grieving as they look hitherwards; for they will make sure that nothing can now
check the terrible hands of Hector, and that he will fling himself upon our ships.
I wish that some one would go and tell the son of Peleus at once, for I do not
think he can have yet heard the sad news that the dearest of his friends has
fallen. But I can see not a man among the Achaeans to send, for they and their
chariots are alike hidden in darkness. O father Jove, lift this cloud from over the
sons of the Achaeans; make heaven serene, and let us see; if you will that we
perish, let us fall at any rate by daylight.”
Father Jove heard him and had compassion upon his tears. Forthwith he
chased away the cloud of darkness, so that the sun shone out and all the fighting
was revealed. Ajax then said to Menelaus, “Look, Menelaus, and if Antilochus
son of Nestor be still living, send him at once to tell Achilles that by far the
dearest to him of all his comrades has fallen.”
Menelaus heeded his words and went his way as a lion from a stockyard—
the lion is tired of attacking the men and hounds, who keep watch the whole
night through and will not let him feast on the fat of their herd. In his lust of
meat he makes straight at them but in vain, for darts from strong hands assail
him, and burning brands which daunt him for all his hunger, so in the morning
he slinks sulkily away—even so did Menelaus sorely against his will leave
Patroclus, in great fear lest the Achaeans should be driven back in rout and let
him fall into the hands of the foe. He charged Meriones and the two Ajaxes

Korean
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사. 기사, 흥미있는 사건, 신문이름, 신문, 무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한
assail: 엄습하다, 감연히 에 부탁치다, 소식, 색다른 사건. 군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 참패
논란하다, 습격하다, 과감히 noted: 유명한, 저명한, 악보가 붙은. 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰야회.
부딪치다, 맹렬히 공격하다. o: 오, ㅇ자형, 알파벳 15번째의 문자, sorely: 슬픈, 따끔 따끔 쑤시는,
daunt: 놀라게하다, 으르다, 위압하다, ㅇ자형의 것, ㅇ형. 고통을일으키는, 상처, 성난, 비통,
조금도 겁내지 않고, -의 기세를 perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 힘사게, 아프게, 진무른데, 지독한,
꺾다. 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, 격심한.
fling: 시도, 내던지다, 돌진하다, 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 sulkily: 셀쭉하여, 심술나서,
뿌리다, 메어치다, 방종, 갑자기 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, 부루퉁해서, 부구퉁하여, 토라져서.
내뻗다, 태질치다, 욕, 발질, 시험. 의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다.
news: 보도, 뉴스, 기별, 정보, 진문, rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주,
 Homer 263

straitly%saying, “Ajaxes and Meriones, leaders of the Argives, now indeed

remember how good Patroclus was; he was ever courteous while alive, bear it in
mind now that he is dead.”
With this Menelaus left them, looking round him as keenly as an eagle,
whose sight they say is keener than that of any other bird—however high he
may be in the heavens, not a hare that runs can escape him by crouching under
bush or thicket, for he will swoop down upon it and make an end of it—even so,
O Menelaus, did your keen eyes range round the mighty host of your followers
to see if you could find the son of Nestor still alive. Presently Menelaus saw him
on the extreme left of the battle cheering on his men and exhorting them to fight
boldly. Menelaus went up to him and said, “Antilochus, come here and listen to
sad news, which I would indeed were untrue. You must see with your own eyes
that heaven is heaping calamity upon the Danaans, and giving victory to the
Trojans. Patroclus has fallen, who was the bravest of the Achaeans, and sorely
will the Danaans miss him. Run instantly to the ships and tell Achilles, that he
may come to rescue the body and bear it to the ships. As for the armour, Hector
already has it.”
Antilochus was struck with horror. For a long time he was speechless; his
eyes filled with tears and he could find no utterance, but he did as Menelaus had
said, and set off running as soon as he had given his armour to a comrade,
Laodocus, who was wheeling his horses round, close beside him.
Thus, then, did he run weeping from the field, to carry the bad news to
Achilles son of Peleus. Nor were you, O Menelaus, minded to succour his
harassed comrades, when Antilochus had left the Pylians—and greatly did they
miss him—but he sent them noble Thrasymedes, and himself went back to
Patroclus. He came running up to the two Ajaxes and said, “I have sent
Antilochus to the ships to tell Achilles, but rage against Hector as he may, he
cannot come, for he cannot fight without armour. What then will be our best
plan both as regards rescuing the dead, and our own escape from death amid the
battle-cries of the Trojans?”

Korean
bush: 관목, 삼림지, 숲, keenly: 예민하게, 날카롭게. 있다.
무성하게자라다, 부시, 담쟁이 가지, menelaus: 메넬라오스. swoop: 잡아채다, 위로부터의 습격,
죠지 부시, 지방 프로 야구 연맹, plan: 계획, 도면, 방책, 설계도를 위에서 와락 덮치다, 급습하다,
수풀. 그리다, 뜻하다, 설계, 설계도, 지도- 움켜잡다, 급습, 내리 덮치다.
calamity: 재난, 참화, 불행, 비참. 계획하다, 의 설계도를 그리다, untrue: 진실이 아닌, 불성실한, 맞지
courteous: 예의바른, 정중한, 친절한. 계획하다, 계획을 세우다. 않는, 성실하지 않은, 올바르지 않은,
horror: 공포, 열등품, 소름끼치게하는, remember: 기억력이 있다, 기억하고 표준에 맞지 않는, 충실하지 않은,
염오, 무서운것, 공포의 전율, 치가 있다, 생각해 내다, 기억하다, 치수에 맞지 않는, 본에 맞지 않는.
떨리는 기분, 무서운 것, 참으로 상기하다, 을 기억하고 있다, 에게 utterance: 말, 말씨, 발성, 발언, 발음,
지독한 것. 선물을 주다, 기억해 두다, 전언하다, 말로 나타내다, 소리, 말함, 어조,
keener: 곡꾼. 을 위하여 기도하다, 을 고맙게여기고 언설, 입 밖에 냄.
264 The Iliad

Ajax answered, “Menelaus, you have said well: do you, then, and Meriones
stoop down, raise the body, and bear it out of the fray, while we two behind you
keep off Hector and the Trojans, one in heart as in name, and long used to
fighting side by side with one another.”
On this Menelaus and Meriones took the dead man in their arms and lifted
him high aloft with a great effort. The Trojan host raised a hue and cry behind
them when they saw the Achaeans bearing the body away, and flew after them
like hounds attacking a wounded boar at the loo of a band of young huntsmen.
For a while the hounds fly at him as though they would tear him in pieces, but
now and again he turns on them in a fury, scaring and scattering them in all
directions—even so did the Trojans for a while charge in a body, striking with
sword and with spears pointed ai both the ends, but when the two Ajaxes faced
them and stood at bay, they would turn pale and no man dared press on to fight
further about the dead.%
In this wise did the two heroes strain every nerve to bear the body to the
ships out of the fight. The battle raged round them like fierce flames that when
once kindled spread like wildfire over a city, and the houses fall in the glare of
its burning—even such was the roar and tramp of men and horses that pursued
them as they bore Patroclus from the field. Or as mules that put forth all their
strength to draw some beam or great piece of ship’s timber down a rough
mountain-track, and they pant and sweat as they, go even so did Menelaus and
pant and sweat as they bore the body of Patroclus. Behind them the two Ajaxes
held stoutly out. As some wooded mountain-spur that stretches across a plain
will turn water and check the flow even of a great river, nor is there any stream
strong enough to break through it—even so did the two Ajaxes face the Trojans
and stem the tide of their fighting though they kept pouring on towards them
and foremost among them all was Aeneas son of Anchises with valiant Hector.
As a flock of daws or starlings fall to screaming and chattering when they see a
falcon, foe to all small birds, come soaring near them, even so did the Achaean
youth raise a babel of cries as they fled before Aeneas and Hector, unmindful of

Korean
babel: 천벌로 인부들이 서로 말이 소모시키다. 굽다, 전락하다, 굽히다, 굴종, 겸손,
통하지 않게 되어 완성에 실패, loo: 카드놀이의 일종, 화장실. 구부러지다, 몸을 굽히다, 하다,
마천루, 시끄럽고 혼란한 장소, pant: 열망하다, 헐떡이다, 확 내뿜다, 자신을 낮추어.
바벨탑, 떠들썩함, 공상적인 계획, 숨이 참, 두근거리다, 동계, 헐떡임, stoutly: 용감하게, 튼튼하게.
고충 건축물, 바빌론. 바지의, 헐떡거리다, 갈망하다, unmindful: 마음에 두지않는,
beam: 광선, 선폭, 도리, 빛나다, 헐떡거리며 말하다. 무관심한, 부주의한, 염두에 없는,
가로들보, 대, 성에, 대들보, scattering: 흩어진, 산재한, 성긴. 염두에 두지 않는.
번쩍이다, 미소짓다, 들보. stem: 생기다, 종족, 줄기, 어간, valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
fray: 풀다, 해지다, 다툼, 닳아 빠지게 거슬러 나아가다, 막다, 자루, 대, wildfire: 옛날 화공에 쓰인 화염제,
하다, 문지르다, 떠들 썩 한 싸움, 저항하다, 혈통, 줄기 모양의 부분. 들불, 번갯불, 불타는 액체.
마모되다, 해어지다, 싸움, 풀리다, stoop: 새우등, 현과의 툇마루, 허리가
 Homer 265

their former prowess. In the rout of the Danaans much goodly armour fell
round about the trench, and of fighting there was no end. %

Korean
armour: 방비, 갑옷과 투구, 철갑, 만드는 도구, 구성자, 권형, 모형, 형, 잠식하다, 참호를 만들다, 파헤치다,
장갑, 방호 기관, 갑옷을 입히는, 전의, 전자. 새기다, 도랑을 파다, 침해하다,
갑옷을 입히다, 갑옷, 기갑 부대. goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 참호를 파다, 에 가깝다.
fell: 벌채, 공그르기, 쳐서 넘어 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
뜨리다, 내리다, 내려가다, prowess: 용기, 훌륭한 솜씨, 용감한
드리워지다, 쓰러지다, 수피, 새어 행위.
나오다, 넘어가다, 다가오다. rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주,
fighting: 싸움, 전투의, 전투, 논쟁, 무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한
다툼, 투쟁 싸우는, 회전, 전투용의, 군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 참패
화이팅. 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰야회.
former: 앞의, 이전의, 전자의, 형성자, trench: 참호, 도랑, 에 도랑을 파다,
266 The Iliad

BOOK XVIII

Thus%then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Meanwhile the fleet
runner Antilochus, who had been sent as messenger, reached Achilles, and
found him sitting by his tall ships and boding that which was indeed too surely
true. “Alas,” said he to himself in the heaviness of his heart, “why are the
Achaeans again scouring the plain and flocking towards the ships? Heaven
grant the gods be not now bringing that sorrow upon me of which my mother
Thetis spoke, saying that while I was yet alive the bravest of the Myrmidons
should fall before the Trojans, and see the light of the sun no longer. I fear the
brave son of Menoetius has fallen through his own daring and yet I bade him
return to the ships as soon as he had driven back those that were bringing fire
against them, and not join battle with Hector.”
As he was thus pondering, the son of Nestor came up to him and told his sad
tale, weeping bitterly the while. “Alas,” he cried, “son of noble Peleus, I bring
you bad tidings, would indeed that they were untrue. Patroclus has fallen, and a
fight is raging about his naked body—for Hector holds his armour.”
A dark cloud of grief fell upon Achilles as he listened. He filled both hands
with dust from off the ground, and poured it over his head, disfiguring his
comely face, and letting the refuse settle over his shirt so fair and new. He flung
himself down all huge and hugely at full length, and tore his hair with his hands.

Korean
boding: 불길한, 징조, 불길한 전조 타는 듯이 붉은. raging: 격노한, 맹렬한, 미친듯이
전조의, 전조, 징조가 되는, 징조의, flocking: 무뉘에 플록가공을 함, 사나운, 사납게 날뛰는, 맹위를
흉조. 융모화. 떨치는, 거칠어지는.
comely: 적당한, 알맞은, 걸맞는, heaviness: 무거움, 무게, 나른함 scouring: 연마, 설사, 정련, 오물,
자색이고운, 아름다운, 어울리는, 무기력, 힘겨움, 활발치 못함, 슬픔, 인간쓰레기, 진흙, 쓰레기, 인간 폐물.
얼굴이 잘생긴, 미모의, 얼굴이 잘 낙담, 맥없음, 가쁨, 답답함, 비애. tidings: 소식, 통지, 사건, 기별.
생긴. naked: 적나라한, 벌거벗은, 잎이 untrue: 진실이 아닌, 불성실한, 맞지
flaming: 과장된, 열렬한, 타는 듯한, 없는, 무방비의, 있는 그대로의, 않는, 성실하지 않은, 올바르지 않은,
열정에 불타는, 불타는, 현란한, 꾸밈없는, 안경등에 의존하지 않은, 표준에 맞지 않는, 충실하지 않은,
타오르는, 눈이 이글이글 빛난는, 벌거숭이의, 드러난, 나체의, 가리개 치수에 맞지 않는, 본에 맞지 않는.
불을 뿜는, 색채가 타는듯이 빨간, 없는.
 Homer 267

The bondswomen whom Achilles and Patroclus had taken captive screamed
aloud for grief, beating their breasts, and with their limbs failing them for
sorrow. Antilochus bent over him the while, weeping and holding both his
hands as he lay groaning for he feared that he might plunge a knife into his own
throat. Then Achilles gave a loud cry and his mother heard him as she was
sitting in the depths of the sea by the old man her father, whereon she screamed,
and all the goddesses daughters of Nereus that dwelt at the bottom of the sea,
came gathering round her. There were Glauce, Thalia and Cymodoce, Nesaia,
Speo, Thoe and dark-eyed Halie, Cymothoe, Actaea and Limnorea, Melite, Iaera,
Amphithoe and Agave, Doto and Proto, Pherusa and Dynamene, Dexamene,
Amphinome and Callianeira, Doris, Panope, and the famous sea-nymph Galatea,
Nemertes, Apseudes and Callianassa. There were also Clymene, Ianeira and
Ianassa, Maera, Oreithuia and Amatheia of the lovely locks, with other Nereids
who dwell in the depths of the sea. The crystal cave was filled with their
multitude and they all beat their breasts while Thetis led them in their lament.%
“Listen,” she cried, “sisters, daughters of Nereus, that you may hear the
burden of my sorrows. Alas, woe is me, woe in that I have borne the most
glorious of offspring. I bore him fair and strong, hero among heroes, and he shot
up as a sapling; I tended him as a plant in a goodly garden, and sent him with
his ships to Ilius to fight the Trojans, but never shall I welcome him back to the
house of Peleus. So long as he lives to look upon the light of the sun he is in
heaviness, and though I go to him I cannot help him. Nevertheless I will go, that
I may see my dear son and learn what sorrow has befallen him though he is still
holding aloof from battle.”
She left the cave as she spoke, while the others followed weeping after, and
the waves opened a path before them. When they reached the rich plain of Troy,
they came up out of the sea in a long line on to the sands, at the place where the
ships of the Myrmidons were drawn up in close order round the tents of
Achilles. His mother went up to him as he lay groaning; she laid her hand upon
his head and spoke piteously, saying, “My son, why are you thus weeping?
What sorrow has now befallen you? Tell me; hide it not from me. Surely Jove has

Korean
aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한, 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. sapling: 젊은이, 어린 나무, 묘목,
초연해 있다-초연한. heaviness: 무거움, 무게, 나른함 그레이하운드.
captive: 포로, 포로의, 모회사에 무기력, 힘겨움, 활발치 못함, 슬픔, welcome: 환영, 환영받는, 환영하다,
전속된, 매혹된, 사로잡힌 상태, 낙담, 맥없음, 가쁨, 답답함, 비애. 고마운, 어서 오십쇼, 환영합니다,
포로가된, 잡힌 사람, 사로잡힌, 빠진 knife: 나이프, 메스, 식칼, 단도로 어서 오세요, 맞다, 잘 오셨습니다,
사람, 감금, 넋이 빠진. 찌르다, 나이프로 베다, 비겁한 천만에요, 기쁜.
cave: 동굴, 굴, 꺼지다, 녹초가 되다, 수법으로 해치우려 하다, 칼, 수술용 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
동굴로 만들다, 움푹 들어가게 하다, 칼, 해치우려고 하다, 헤치며 woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아,
탈당, 함몰, 굴복하다, 탈당- 나아가다, 음흉한 수단으로 슬프도다, 고생, 불행.
함몰하다, 항복시키다. 해치우려고 하다.
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 piteously: 가련하게.
268 The Iliad

granted you the prayer you made him, when you lifted up your hands and
besought him that the Achaeans might all of them be pent up at their ships, and
rue it bitterly in that you were no longer with them.”%
Achilles groaned and answered, “Mother, Olympian Jove has indeed
vouchsafed me the fulfilment of my prayer, but what boots it to me, seeing that
my dear comrade Patroclus has fallen—he whom I valued more than all others,
and loved as dearly as my own life? I have lost him; aye, and Hector when he
had killed him stripped the wondrous armour, so glorious to behold, which the
gods gave to Peleus when they laid you in the couch of a mortal man. Would
that you were still dwelling among the immortal sea-nymphs, and that Peleus
had taken to himself some mortal bride. For now you shall have grief infinite by
reason of the death of that son whom you can never welcome home—nay, I will
not live nor go about among mankind unless Hector fall by my spear, and thus
pay me for having slain Patroclus son of Menoetius.”
Thetis wept and answered, “Then, my son, is your end near at hand—for
your own death awaits you full soon after that of Hector.”
Then said Achilles in his great grief, “I would die here and now, in that I
could not save my comrade. He has fallen far from home, and in his hour of need
my hand was not there to help him. What is there for me? Return to my own
land I shall not, and I have brought no saving neither to Patroclus nor to my
other comrades of whom so many have been slain by mighty Hector; I stay here
by my ships a bootless burden upon the earth, I, who in fight have no peer
among the Achaeans, though in council there are better than I. Therefore, perish
strife both from among gods and men, and anger, wherein even a righteous man
will harden his heart—which rises up in the soul of a man like smoke, and the
taste thereof is sweeter than drops of honey. Even so has Agamemnon angered
me. And yet—so be it, for it is over; I will force my soul into subjection as I
needs must; I will go; I will pursue Hector who has slain him whom I loved so
dearly, and will then abide my doom when it may please Jove and the other gods
to send it. Even Hercules, the best beloved of Jove—even he could not escape the
hand of death, but fate and Juno’s fierce anger laid him low, as I too shall lie

Korean
aye: 찬성, 영구히, 언제나, 영원히, 늘, perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 덧없는 것, 여송연, 연기.
찬성자, 예, 네, 옳소, 항상. 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, subjection: 복종, 정복, 종속,
behold: 보다. 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 좌지우지됨, 의존함, 좌우됨.
bootless: 무익한. 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, wherein: 어떤 점에서, 그 중에,
boots: 구두닦이, 구두 닦기, 구두닦기. 의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다. 그점에서, 무엇 가운데에, 하는 바의,
bride: 신부, 새색시. righteous: 공정한, 당연한, 바른, 어떤 점으로.
harden: 경화하다, 단련하다, 굳히다, 정당한, 고결한, 정의의, 정직한, wondrous: 놀라운, 놀랄만큼, 이상한,
굳어지다, 무정하게 하다, 단다하게 바른사람, 지당한, 올바른, 올바르다. 놀랄 만한, 놀랄 만큼.
하다, 단단하게 하다, 단단해지다, smoke: 얼굴을 붉히다, 궐련, 김이
무감각하게 하다, 강하게 하다. 나다, 그을리다, 대마초를 피우다, 잘
pent: 다섯의 뜻의 결합사, 갇힌. 타지 않고 내다, 흑인, 훈제로 하다,
 Homer 269

when%I am dead if a like doom awaits me. Till then I will win fame, and will bid
Trojan and Dardanian women wring tears from their tender cheeks with both
their hands in the grievousness of their great sorrow; thus shall they know that
he who has held aloof so long will hold aloof no longer. Hold me not back,
therefore, in the love you bear me, for you shall not move me.”
Then silver-footed Thetis answered, “My son, what you have said is true. It is
well to save your comrades from destruction, but your armour is in the hands of
the Trojans; Hector bears it in triumph upon his own shoulders. Full well I know
that his vaunt shall not be lasting, for his end is close at hand; go not, however,
into the press of battle till you see me return hither; to-morrow at break of day I
shall be here, and will bring you goodly armour from King Vulcan.”
On this she left her brave son, and as she turned away she said to the sea-
nymphs her sisters, “Dive into the bosom of the sea and go to the house of the
old sea-god my father. Tell him everything; as for me, I will go to the cunning
workman Vulcan on high Olympus, and ask him to provide my son with a suit
of splendid armour.”
When she had so said, they dived forthwith beneath the waves, while silver-
footed Thetis went her way that she might bring the armour for her son.
Thus, then, did her feet bear the goddess to Olympus, and meanwhile the
Achaeans were flying with loud cries before murderous Hector till they reached
the ships and the Hellespont, and they could not draw the body of Mars’s
servant Patroclus out of reach of the weapons that were showered upon him, for
Hector son of Priam with his host and horsemen had again caught up to him like
the flame of a fiery furnace; thrice did brave Hector seize him by the feet,
striving with might and main to draw him away and calling loudly on the
Trojans, and thrice did the two Ajaxes, clothed in valour as with a garment, beat
him from off the body; but all undaunted he would now charge into the thick of
the fight, and now again he would stand still and cry aloud, but he would give
no ground. As upland shepherds that cannot chase some famished lion from a
carcase, even so could not the two Ajaxes scare Hector son of Priam from the
body of Patroclus.

aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한,
초연해 있다-초연한.
bosom: 가슴, 껴안다, 내부, 마음속에
간직하다, 믿고 있는, 품, 흉부,
흉부슴속, 가슴속, 속, 표면.
carcase: 뼈대, 시체, 잔해, 형해, 몸통,
소이탄의 일종, 송장.
famished: 굶주림.
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로,
Korean
여기에. upland: 고지, 고지에 사는, 고지의,
lasting: 영속하는, 영원한 영속, 산지.
오래가는, 일종의 튼튼한 나사. valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
murderous: 살인의, 잔인한, 살인적인. vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다.
suit: 형편이 좋다, 청원, 소송, 한 벌, workman: 노동자, 일을 하는 사람,
적합하다, 탄원, 구애, 적합하게 하다, 노동자의.
에 어울리다, 남하는 대로 하다, 의 wring: 짜다, 꽉 쥐다, 비틀다, 짜기,
마음에 들다. 괴롭히다, 짜내다, 감다, 짬,
thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고. 왜곡하다, 손을 꽉 쥠, 과즙 짜는
undaunted: 용감한, 불굴의, 겁내지 기계.
않은, 겁내지 않는.
270 The Iliad

And now he would even have dragged it off and have won imperishable
glory, had not Iris fleet as the wind, winged her way as messenger from
Olympus to the son of Peleus and bidden him arm. She came secretly without the
knowledge of Jove and of the other gods, for Juno sent her, and when she had
got close to him she said, “Up, son of Peleus, mightiest of all mankind; rescue
Patroclus about whom this fearful fight is now raging by the ships. Men are
killing one another, the Danaans in defence of the dead body, while the Trojans
are trying to hale it away, and take it to windy Ilius: Hector is the most furious of
them all; he is for cutting the head from the body and fixing it on the stakes of
the wall. Up, then, and bide here no longer; shrink from the thought that
Patroclus may become meat for the dogs of Troy. Shame on you, should his body
suffer any kind of outrage.”%
And Achilles said, “Iris, which of the gods was it that sent you to me?”
Iris answered, “It was Juno the royal spouse of Jove, but the son of Saturn
does not know of my coming, nor yet does any other of the immortals who dwell
on the snowy summits of Olympus.”
Then fleet Achilles answered her saying, “How can I go up into the battle?
They have my armour. My mother forbade me to arm till I should see her come,
for she promised to bring me goodly armour from Vulcan; I know no man whose
arms I can put on, save only the shield of Ajax son of Telamon, and he surely
must be fighting in the front rank and wielding his spear about the body of dead
Patroclus.”
Iris said, “We know that your armour has been taken, but go as you are; go to
the deep trench and show yourself before the Trojans, that they may fear you
and cease fighting. Thus will the fainting sons of the Achaeans gain some brief
breathing-time, which in battle may hardly be.”
Iris left him when she had so spoken. But Achilles dear to Jove arose, and
Minerva flung her tasselled aegis round his strong shoulders; she crowned his
head with a halo of golden cloud from which she kindled a glow of gleaming
fire. As the smoke that goes up into heaven from some city that is being
beleaguered on an island far out at sea—all day long do men sally from the city
Korean
aegis: 보호, 옹호, 제우스의 방패, fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, 수동형, 대초원속의 삼림지, 세포군,
후원, 주최, 방패. 기철의, 의기소침. 안전 지대, 안전지대.
arose: 과거. goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 knowledge: 지식, 학식, 이해, 학문,
bide: 살다, 기다리다, 멀물다, 참다, 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 견문, 인식, 인생 따위의 경험, 경험.
때를 기다리다. hale: 정정한, 잡아 끌다, 잡아당기다, royal: 왕의, 당당한, 훌륭한, 왕립의,
brief: 간결한, 요악하다, 훈령, 근력이 좋은, 건장한. 왕다운, 매우 중요한, 대형의, 최고의,
단시간의, 대의, 명령을 내리다, 짧은, halo: 후광, 무리, 영광. 멋진, 왕실의, 국왕에 의한.
변호를 의뢰하다, 요령, 잠시의, 소송 imperishable: 불멸의, 불후의, winged: 날개를 다친, 고속의, 날개
사건의 적요를 작성하다. 부패하지 않는, 불사의, 영원한. 있는, 팔을 다친, 빠른, 신속한,
crowned: 왕관을 쓴, 춤이 있는, island: 섬, 섬 비슷한 것, 섬으로 숭고한, 적절한, 날개를 쓰는,
왕위에 오른, 관식을 단. 만들다, 섬의, 사령탑, 고립된 언덕, 비양하는, 날 수 있는.
 Homer 271

and fight their hardest, and at the going down of the sun the line of beacon-fires
blazes forth, flaring high for those that dwell near them to behold, if so be that
they may come with their ships and succour them—even so did the light flare
from the head of Achilles, as he stood by the trench, going beyond the wall—but
he aid not join the Achaeans for he heeded the charge which his mother laid
upon him.%
There did he stand and shout aloud. Minerva also raised her voice from afar,
and spread terror unspeakable among the Trojans. Ringing as the note of a
trumpet that sounds alarm then the foe is at the gates of a city, even so brazen
was the voice of the son of Aeacus, and when the Trojans heard its clarion tones
they were dismayed; the horses turned back with their chariots for they boded
mischief, and their drivers were awe-struck by the steady flame which the grey-
eyed goddess had kindled above the head of the great son of Peleus.
Thrice did Achilles raise his loud cry as he stood by the trench, and thrice
were the Trojans and their brave allies thrown into confusion; whereon twelve of
their noblest champions fell beneath the wheels of their chariots and perished by
their own spears. The Achaeans to their great joy then drew Patroclus out of
reach of the weapons, and laid him on a litter: his comrades stood mourning
round him, and among them fleet Achilles who wept bitterly as he saw his true
comrade lying dead upon his bier. He had sent him out with horses and chariots
into battle, but his return he was not to welcome.
Then Juno sent the busy sun, loth though he was, into the waters of Oceanus;
so he set, and the Achaeans had rest from the tug and turmoil of war.
Now the Trojans when they had come out of the fight, unyoked their horses
and gathered in assembly before preparing their supper. They kept their feet, nor
would any dare to sit down, for fear had fallen upon them all because Achilles
had shown himself after having held aloof so long from battle. Polydamas son of
Panthous was first to speak, a man of judgement, who alone among them could
look both before and after. He was comrade to Hector, and they had been born
upon the same night; with all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed
them thus:—

Korean
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘. litter: 난잡, 가마, 깔짚, 깃을 깔다, 구조자.
brazen: 뻔뻔스러운, 놋쇠처럼 단단한, 들것, 난잡하게 어지르다, 어수선하게 thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고.
시끄러운, 뻔뻔스럽게하다, 놋쇠빛의, 흩어진 물건, 잡동사니, 낳다, 쓰레기, trumpet: 트럼펫, 나팔, 나팔 같은
놋쇠로만든, 놋쇠로 만든, 단단한. 물건을 흩뜨리다. 소리를 내다, 나팔 모양의 물건, 나팔
clarion: 클라리온, 클라리온의 소리, loth: 싫은, 싫어하여. 불다, 나팔형 확성기, 나팔로 알리다,
밝게 울려 퍼지는, 낭랑한, 명쾌한 steady: 침착한, 착실한, 흔들리지 퍼뜨려 알리다, 소라고둥, 나팔을
나팔 소리, 클라리온 음전. 않는, 변치 않는, 간단없는, 이미 휴대한 전령, 퍼뜨리다.
flaring: 나팔꽃 모양의, 현란한, 정해진친구, 한결같은, 꾸준한, 견고 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
벌어진, 타오르는, 저속하고 하게 하다, 견고한, 안정시키다.
번지르르한, 너울너울 타는, 활활 succour: 돕다, 구원, 구원하다, 구조
타는. 구조하다, 구조, 원조자, 원조하다,
272 The Iliad

“Look%to it well, my friends; I would urge you to go back now to your city
and not wait here by the ships till morning, for we are far from our walls. So long
as this man was at enmity with Agamemnon the Achaeans were easier to deal
with, and I would have gladly camped by the ships in the hope of taking them;
but now I go in great fear of the fleet son of Peleus; he is so daring that he will
never bide here on the plain whereon the Trojans and Achaeans fight with equal
valour, but he will try to storm our city and carry off our women. Do then as I
say, and let us retreat. For this is what will happen. The darkness of night will for
a time stay the son of Peleus, but if he find us here in the morning when he
sallies forth in full armour, we shall have knowledge of him in good earnest.
Glad indeed will he be who can escape and get back to Ilius, and many a Trojan
will become meat for dogs and vultures may I never live to hear it. If we do as I
say, little though we may like it, we shall have strength in counsel during the
night, and the great gates with the doors that close them will protect the city. At
dawn we can arm and take our stand on the walls; he will then rue it if he sallies
from the ships to fight us. He will go back when he has given his horses their fill
of being driven all whithers under our walls, and will be in no mind to try and
force his way into the city. Neither will he ever sack it, dogs shall devour him ere
he do so.”
Hector looked fiercely at him and answered, “Polydamas, your words are not
to my liking in that you bid us go back and be pent within the city. Have you
not had enough of being cooped up behind walls? In the old-days the city of
Priam was famous the whole world over for its wealth of gold and bronze, but
our treasures are wasted out of our houses, and much goods have been sold
away to Phrygia and fair Meonia, for the hand of Jove has been laid heavily upon
us. Now, therefore, that the son of scheming Saturn has vouchsafed me to win
glory here and to hem the Achaeans in at their ships, prate no more in this fool’s
wise among the people. You will have no man with you; it shall not be; do all of
you as I now say;—take your suppers in your companies throughout the host,
and keep your watches and be wakeful every man of you. If any Trojan is
uneasy about his possessions, let him gather them and give them out among the
people. Better let these, rather than the Achaeans, have them. At daybreak we
Korean
bide: 살다, 기다리다, 멀물다, 참다, ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. 종알종알 지껄이다, 재잘재잘
때를 기다리다. gladly: 기꺼이, 즐거이, 쾌히. 지껄이다.
daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘. goods: 상품, 물품, 재산, 화물, 증거, scheming: 흉계가 있는, 계획적인,
devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, 자질, 동산, 능력, 옷감. 교활한 음모, 책략적인, 교활한.
개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, hem: 가선, 에워싸다, 두르다, 감치다, uneasy: 불안한, 걱정되는, 거북한,
개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, 에헴, 감침질, 경계, 헛기침, 에헴 어색한.
게걸스레 먹다. 하고 소리내다, 헛기침 소리, 가선을 valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
earnest: 진지한, 열심인, 진지, 진심, 두르다. wakeful: 방심하지 않는, 자지 않는,
중대한, 정식, 성실한, 성실, 엄숙한- liking: 기호, 좋아함. 잠 못이루는, 잘 깨는, 깨어 있는,
성실, 엄숙한, 계약금. pent: 다섯의 뜻의 결합사, 갇힌. 불침번의.
enmity: 적의, 증오. prate: 수다 떨다, 쓸 데 없는 말, 수다, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
 Homer 273

will arm and fight about the ships; granted that Achilles has again come forward
to defend them, let it be as he will, but it shall go hard with him. I shall not shun
him, but will fight him, to fall or conquer. The god of war deals out like measure
to all, and the slayer may yet be slain.”%
Thus spoke Hector; and the Trojans, fools that they were, shouted in
applause, for Pallas Minerva had robbed them of their understanding. They gave
ear to Hector with his evil counsel, but the wise words of Polydamas no man
would heed. They took their supper throughout the host, and meanwhile
through the whole night the Achaeans mourned Patroclus, and the son of Peleus
led them in their lament. He laid his murderous hands upon the breast of his
comrade, groaning again and again as a bearded lion when a man who was
chasing deer has robbed him of his young in some dense forest; when the lion
comes back he is furious, and searches dingle and dell to track the hunter if he
can find him, for he is mad with rage—even so with many a sigh did Achilles
speak among the Myrmidons saying, “Alas! vain were the words with which I
cheered the hero Menoetius in his own house; I said that I would bring his brave
son back again to Opoeis after he had sacked Ilius and taken his share of the
spoils—but Jove does not give all men their heart’s desire. The same soil shall be
reddened here at Troy by the blood of us both, for I too shall never be welcomed
home by the old knight Peleus, nor by my mother Thetis, but even in this place
shall the earth cover me. Nevertheless, O Patroclus, now that I am left behind
you, I will not bury you, till I have brought hither the head and armour of
mighty Hector who has slain you. Twelve noble sons of Trojans will I behead
before your bier to avenge you; till I have done so you shall lie as you are by the
ships, and fair women of Troy and Dardanus, whom we have taken with spear
and strength of arm when we sacked men’s goodly cities, shall weep over you
both night and day.”
Then Achilles told his men to set a large tripod upon the fire that they might
wash the clotted gore from off Patroclus. Thereon they set a tripod full of bath
water on to a clear fire: they threw sticks on to it to make it blaze, and the water
became hot as the flame played about the belly of the tripod. When the water in

Korean
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, dell: 작은 골짜기. shun: 차렷, 기피하다, 피하다.
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, dingle: 깊은 협곡, 깊고 좁은 골짜기. slayer: 살해자.
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 soil: 오물, 더러워지다, 더럽히다, 흙,
하다. 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 토양, 비료, 타락시키다, 얼룩을
behead: 목을 베다, 참수형에 처하다. hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 묻히다, 생육지, 토지, 더럼.
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘. 여기에. thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시.
clotted: 응고한, 순전한, 전적인, 엉긴. lament: 비탄, 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다, tripod: 삼각, 삼각 걸상, 삼각의, 삼각
conquer: 정복하다, 극복하다, 비가, 애석해 하다. 의자, 삼각기, 삼각대, 그 모조품.
손아귀에 넣다, 억누르다, 획득하다, measure: 법안, 치수, 운율, 한도,
승리를얻다, 타파하다, 공략하다, 측정, 측량, 척도, 수단, 크기, 박자,
이가다, 승리를 얻다. 표준.
274 The Iliad

the cauldron was boiling they washed the body, anointed it with oil, and closed
its wounds with ointment that had been kept nine years. Then they laid it on a
bier and covered it with a linen cloth from head to foot, and over this they laid a
fair white robe. Thus all night long did the Myrmidons gather round Achilles to
mourn Patroclus.%
Then Jove said to Juno his sister-wife, “So, Queen Juno, you have gained your
end, and have roused fleet Achilles. One would think that the Achaeans were of
your own flesh and blood.”
And Juno answered, “Dread son of Saturn, why should you say this thing?
May not a man though he be only mortal and knows less than we do, do what he
can for another person? And shall not I—foremost of all goddesses both by
descent and as wife to you who reign in heaven—devise evil for the Trojans if I
am angry with them?”
Thus did they converse. Meanwhile Thetis came to the house of Vulcan,
imperishable, star-bespangled, fairest of the abodes in heaven, a house of bronze
wrought by the lame god’s own hands. She found him busy with his bellows,
sweating and hard at work, for he was making twenty tripods that were to stand
by the wall of his house, and he set wheels of gold under them all that they
might go of their own selves to the assemblies of the gods, and come back
again—marvels indeed to see. They were finished all but the ears of cunning
workmanship which yet remained to be fixed to them: these he was now fixing,
and he was hammering at the rivets. While he was thus at work silver-footed
Thetis came to the house. Charis, of graceful head-dress, wife to the far-famed
lame god, came towards her as soon as she saw her, and took her hand in her
own, saying, “Why have you come to our house, Thetis, honoured and ever
welcome—for you do not visit us often? Come inside and let me set refreshment
before you.”
The goddess led the way as she spoke, and bade Thetis sit on a richly
decorated seat inlaid with silver; there was a footstool also under her feet. Then
she called Vulcan and said, “Vulcan, come here, Thetis wants you”; and the far-
famed lame god answered, “Then it is indeed an august and honoured goddess

Korean
bellows: 풀무, 주름상자, 폐, 주름 지급되어, 응고한. reign: 지배, 군림하다, 통치, 권세,
상자. oil: 기름, 녹이다, 기름을 먹이다, 주권을 잡다, 군림, 널리 퍼지다,
cauldron: 가마솥. 기름을 바르다, 에 뇌물을 쓰다, 치세, 통치하다, 통치권, 널리
decorated: 장식식의, 훈장을 받은, 급유기, 석유, 유화물감, 녹다, 유화, 성행하다.
훌륭하게 꾸민, 장식된. 기름의. sit: 앉다, 개회하다, 불다, 맞다, 타다,
finished: 끝마친, 완전한, 끝낸, ointment: 연고. 착석하다, 의석을 갖다, 얹혀 있다,
완성된, 몰락한, 사라져가는, refreshment: 원기 회복, 원기를 착석시키다, 걸터 앉다, 출석하다.
죽어가는. 회복시키는 것, 휴양, 다과, 원기를 visit: 방문하다, 왕진하다, 체재하다,
fixed: 부정하게 결정된, 응고된, 북돋우는 것, 음식물, 피로 풀기, 시찰가다, 손님으로 가다, 방문,
짬짜미의, 고정된, 내밀히 결정된, 가벼운 음식물, 기분을 상쾌하게 함, 닥치다, 당하게 하다, 문병하다,
결정된, 충분히 마련되어, 충분히 특히 간단한 음식물, 간단한 음식물. 구경가다, 왕진.
 Homer 275

who has come here; she it was that took care of me when I was suffering from the
heavy fall which I had through my cruel mother’s anger—for she would have got
rid of me because I was lame. It would have gone hardly with me had not
Eurynome, daughter of the ever-encircling waters of Oceanus, and Thetis, taken
me to their bosom. Nine years did I stay with them, and many beautiful works
in bronze, brooches, spiral armlets, cups, and chains, did I make for them in their
cave, with the roaring waters of Oceanus foaming as they rushed ever past it;
and no one knew, neither of gods nor men, save only Thetis and Eurynome who
took care of me. If, then, Thetis has come to my house I must make her due
requital for having saved me; entertain her, therefore, with all hospitality, while I
put by my bellows and all my tools.”%
On this the mighty monster hobbled off from his anvil, his thin legs plying
lustily under him. He set the bellows away from the fire, and gathered his tools
into a silver chest. Then he took a sponge and washed his face and hands, his
shaggy chest and brawny neck; he donned his shirt, grasped his strong staff, and
limped towards the door. There were golden handmaids also who worked for
him, and were like real young women, with sense and reason, voice also and
strength, and all the learning of the immortals; these busied themselves as the
king bade them, while he drew near to Thetis, seated her upon a goodly seat, and
took her hand in his own, saying, “Why have you come to our house, Thetis
honoured and ever welcome—for you do not visit us often? Say what you want,
and I will do it for you at once if I can, and if it can be done at all.”
Thetis wept and answered, “Vulcan, is there another goddess in Olympus
whom the son of Saturn has been pleased to try with so much affliction as he has
me? Me alone of the marine goddesses did he make subject to a mortal husband,
Peleus son of Aeacus, and sorely against my will did I submit to the embraces of
one who was but mortal, and who now stays at home worn out with age. Neither
is this all. Heaven vouchsafed me a son, hero among heroes, and he shot up as a
sapling. I tended him as a plant in a goodly garden and sent him with his ships
to Ilius to fight the Trojans, but never shall I welcome him back to the house of
Peleus. So long as he lives to look upon the light of the sun, he is in heaviness,

Korean
affliction: 고통, 고민거리, 괴로움, 병, 선박용의, 바다에 사는, 해사의, 나선형을 그리다, 나선형으로
불행의 원인, 고뇌. 거짓말도 작작 해라, 함대, 해병대, 강하하다, 나선상 진행 과정,
anvil: 모루, 중에. 해운력, 한 나라의 선박. 나선비행.
beautiful: 아름다운, 훌륭한, 우수한, requital: 보답, 보상, 보복, 복수, 벌. sponge: 해면, 해면으로 닦다, 식객,
가인, 뛰어난, 멋있는, 미인, 보기 rid: 제거하다, 면하다, 치우다, 구하다, 술고래, 해면 모양의 물건, 해면에
좋은, 산뜻한, 아름다운 것, 아름다움. 벗어나다, 끝마치다, 없애다, 흡수시키다, 해면을 따다, 흡수하다,
garden: 유원지, 정원, 비옥한 땅, 뜰, 으로부터 자유롭게하다, 면하게하다, 스펀지, 패배를 자인하다, 등치다.
광장, 흔히 있는, 원예, 외야, 정원의, 구축하다. submit: 복종시키다, 제출하다,
땅이 기름진 농경 지대, 가. spiral: 나선형의, 나선, 연속적 변동, 복종하다, 공손히 아뢰다, 부탁하다.
learning: 학문, 박식, 배우기. 나선 비행, 나선형으로 하다, tools: 도구.
marine: 바다의, 선박, 해운의, 소용돌이선, 나선형으로 상승하다,
276 The Iliad

and%though I go to him I cannot help him; King Agamemnon has made him give
up the maiden whom the sons of the Achaeans had awarded him, and he wastes
with sorrow for her sake. Then the Trojans hemmed the Achaeans in at their
ships’ sterns and would not let them come forth; the elders, therefore, of the
Argives besought Achilles and offered him great treasure, whereon he refused to
bring deliverance to them himself, but put his own armour on Patroclus and sent
him into the fight with much people after him. All day long they fought by the
Scaean gates and would have taken the city there and then, had not Apollo
vouchsafed glory to Hector and slain the valiant son of Menoetius after he had
done the Trojans much evil. Therefore I am suppliant at your knees if haply you
may be pleased to provide my son, whose end is near at hand, with helmet and
shield, with goodly greaves fitted with ancle-clasps, and with a breastplate, for
he lost his own when his true comrade fell at the hands of the Trojans, and he
now lies stretched on earth in the bitterness of his soul.”
And Vulcan answered, “Take heart, and be no more disquieted about this
matter; would that I could hide him from death’s sight when his hour is come, so
surely as I can find him armour that shall amaze the eyes of all who behold it.”
When he had so said he left her and went to his bellows, turning them
towards the fire and bidding them do their office. Twenty bellows blew upon the
melting-pots, and they blew blasts of every kind, some fierce to help him when
he had need of them, and others less strong as Vulcan willed it in the course of
his work. He threw tough copper into the fire, and tin, with silver and gold; he
set his great anvil on its block, and with one hand grasped his mighty hammer
while he took the tongs in the other.
First he shaped the shield so great and strong, adorning it all over and
binding it round with a gleaming circuit in three layers; and the baldric was
made of silver. He made the shield in five thicknesses, and with many a wonder
did his cunning hand enrich it.
He wrought the earth, the heavens, and the sea; the moon also at her full and
the untiring sun, with all the signs that glorify the face of heaven—the Pleiads,
the Hyads, huge Orion, and the Bear, which men also call the Wain and which

baldric: 장식띠.
block: 막다, 봉쇄하다, 덩어리, 받침,
모탕, 불록-방해하다, 한 장씩 떼어
쓰게 된 것, 한 구획, 블록, 블록 하다,
막는 것.
circuit: 순회, 주위, 우회, 범위, 정기적
순회, 회로, 서킷, 다이아몬드, 체인,
회선, 흥행 계통.
course: 진행, 방침, 달리다, 연속,
과정, 진로, 큰 가로돛, 침로를 잡다,
경과, 가로 층, 돌다.
Korean
enrich: 농축하다, 영양가를 높이다, suppliant: 탄원하는, 애원하는 듯한,
짙게하다, 풍부하게하다, 부자가 되게 탄원자, 탄원하는 듯한.
하다, 장식하다, 풍부하게 하다, tongs: 집게, 부젓가락, 화젓가락.
풍성하게 하다, 높이다. untiring: 지치지 않는, 불굴의,
hammer: 해머, 망치, 연달아 때리다, 끈질긴.
망치로 두드리다, 두들겨넣다, willed: 의 의지가 있는.
나무망치, 부지런히 일하다, wonder: 이 아닐까 생각하다, 놀라다,
공이치기, 애써서 생각해 내다, 놀라움, 이상하게 생각하다,
쇠망치, 생각해 내다. 불가사의, 놀라운, 놀라운 사물,
haply: 우연히, 아마, 어쩌면. 경탄할 만한 사람, 경탄할 불가사의한
shaped: 모양지어진. 사람, 경이, 의심하다.
 Homer 277

turns round ever in one place, facing. Orion, and alone never dips into the
stream of Oceanus.%
He wrought also two cities, fair to see and busy with the hum of men. In the
one were weddings and wedding-feasts, and they were going about the city with
brides whom they were escorting by torchlight from their chambers. Loud rose
the cry of Hymen, and the youths danced to the music of flute and lyre, while
the women stood each at her house door to see them.
Meanwhile the people were gathered in assembly, for there was a quarrel,
and two men were wrangling about the blood-money for a man who had been
killed, the one saying before the people that he had paid damages in full, and the
other that he had not been paid. Each was trying to make his own case good, and
the people took sides, each man backing the side that he had taken; but the
heralds kept them back, and the elders sate on their seats of stone in a solemn
circle, holding the staves which the heralds had put into their hands. Then they
rose and each in his turn gave judgement, and there were two talents laid down,
to be given to him whose judgement should be deemed the fairest.
About the other city there lay encamped two hosts in gleaming armour, and
they were divided whether to sack it, or to spare it and accept the half of what it
contained. But the men of the city would not yet consent, and armed themselves
for a surprise; their wives and little children kept guard upon the walls, and with
them were the men who were past fighting through age; but the others sallied
forth with Mars and Pallas Minerva at their head—both of them wrought in gold
and clad in golden raiment, great and fair with their armour as befitting gods,
while they that followed were smaller. When they reached the place where they
would lay their ambush, it was on a riverbed to which live stock of all kinds
would come from far and near to water; here, then, they lay concealed, clad in
full armour. Some way off them there were two scouts who were on the look-out
for the coming of sheep or cattle, which presently came, followed by two
shepherds who were playing on their pipes, and had not so much as a thought of
danger. When those who were in ambush saw this, they cut off the flocks and
herds and killed the shepherds. Meanwhile the besiegers, when they heard much

backing: 등붙이기, 속널, 배서, 지원,
등받침, 역행의, 역행, 배서 보증,
반주, 등붙이는 판자, 등붙이는 재료.
befitting: 알맞은, 어울리는, 상응하는,
적당한, 적합한.
chambers: 독신자용 셋방, 판사실,
변호사 사무실.
concealed: 숨기는.
contained: 억제하는, 조심스러운.
damages: 손해액.
facing: 겉단장, 면함, 외장, 마무리,
Korean
깃달기, 향, 치장된 면, 마무리 치장, smaller: 작게.
외장재, 방향전환, 가선두르기. spare: 절약하다, 할애하다, 용서하다,
flute: 플루트, 피리, 세로골, 피리같은 나누어 주다, 예비품, 아끼지 않다,
음을 내다, 플루트를 불다, 피리 같은 아끼다, 없는대로 지내다, 억누르다,
소리로 노래하다, 세로 홈, 피리 검약하다, 삼가다.
모양의 것, 가늘고 긴 프랑스 빵, 피리 surprise: 기습, 놀람, 놀라게 하다,
음전, 홈 같은 주름. 불시의 공격, 불시에 습격하다, 현행
orion: 오리온, 오리온 자리, 오리온 중에 붙잡다, 놀라운 일, 뜻밖의,
별자리. 시키다, 불시에 쳐서, 놀라운 사건.
riverbed: 하상, 강바닥. torchlight: 횃불빛, 횃불의, 횃불의 빛.
sate: 물리게하다, 물리게 하다.
278 The Iliad

noise among the cattle as they sat in council, sprang to their horses, and made
with all speed towards them; when they reached them they set battle in array by
the banks of the river, and the hosts aimed their bronze-shod spears at one
another. With them were Strife and Riot, and fell Fate who was dragging three
men after her, one with a fresh wound, and the other unwounded, while the
third was dead, and she was dragging him along by his heel: and her robe was
bedrabbled in men’s blood. They went in and out with one another and fought as
though they were living people haling away one another’s dead.%
He wrought also a fair fallow field, large and thrice ploughed already. Many
men were working at the plough within it, turning their oxen to and fro, furrow
after furrow. Each time that they turned on reaching the headland a man would
come up to them and give them a cup of wine, and they would go back to their
furrows looking forward to the time when they should again reach the headland.
The part that they had ploughed was dark behind them, so that the field, though
it was of gold, still looked as if it were being ploughed—very curious to behold.
He wrought also a field of harvest corn, and the reapers were reaping with
sharp sickles in their hands. Swathe after swathe fell to the ground in a straight
line behind them, and the binders bound them in bands of twisted straw. There
were three binders, and behind them there were boys who gathered the cut corn
in armfuls and kept on bringing them to be bound: among them all the owner of
the land stood by in silence and was glad. The servants were getting a meal
ready under an oak, for they had sacrificed a great ox, and were busy cutting him
up, while the women were making a porridge of much white barley for the
labourers’ dinner.
He wrought also a vineyard, golden and fair to see, and the vines were
loaded with grapes. The bunches overhead were black, but the vines were
trained on poles of silver. He ran a ditch of dark metal all round it, and fenced it
with a fence of tin; there was only one path to it, and by this the vintagers went
when they would gather the vintage. Youths and maidens all blithe and full of
glee, carried the luscious fruit in plaited baskets; and with them there went a boy

Korean
blithe: 유쾌한, 명항한, 쾌활한, 심장한, 다른 것을 섞은, 만취한, 내다, 시끄러움, 야단, 떠들다, 소란,
행복한, 태평스런, 즐거운. 박은, 술 따위 다른 것을 섞은. 소문을 내다, 소문을 퍼뜨리다.
curious: 이상한, 호기심이 강한, luscious: 맛있는, 보기에 즐거운, owner: 임자, 소유자, 화주.
진서인, 면밀한, 묘한, 호기심을 끄는, 지루한, 감미로운, 맛이 단, 색이 porridge: 죽, 오트밀죽.
진기한, 정성들인, 캐기 좋아하는, 칙칙한. swathe: 붕대, 붕대로 감다, 포위하다,
외설한, 알고 싶어하는. meal: 식사, 거칠게 간 곡식, 굵은 싸다, 싸는 천, 붕대를 감다.
glee: 환희, 유쾌, 합창곡, 기쁨, 삼부 가루, 한 끼, 식사시간, 한끼, vintage: 포도 수확량, 포도 수확,
또는 그 이상의 합창곡, 환회. 일회분의 착유량, 곡물의 체에 치지 생산품, 수확, 거기서 나는 포도주,
grapes: 포도. 않은 굵은 가루, 한끼 분, 체에 치지 기운나게 하는 것, 포도 수확기,
loaded: 탄알을 잰, 감정적이 된, 납을 않은 굵은 가루. 판매용 제품, 풍작의 해의 포도주,
박은, 짐실은, 취한, 화약을잰, 의미 noise: 소음, 잡음, 소리, 평판, 소리를 포도주 파티, 포도주 용제.
 Homer 279

who made sweet music with his lyre, and sang the Linos-song with his clear
boyish voice.%
He wrought also a herd of horned cattle. He made the cows of gold and tin,
and they lowed as they came full speed out of the yards to go and feed among
the waving reeds that grow by the banks of the river. Along with the cattle there
went four shepherds, all of them in gold, and their nine fleet dogs went with
them. Two terrible lions had fastened on a bellowing bull that was with the
foremost cows, and bellow as he might they haled him, while the dogs and men
gave chase: the lions tore through the bull’s thick hide and were gorging on his
blood and bowels, but the herdsmen were afraid to do anything, and only
hounded on their dogs; the dogs dared not fasten on the lions but stood by
barking and keeping out of harm’s way.
The god wrought also a pasture in a fair mountain dell, and a large flock of
sheep, with a homestead and huts, and sheltered sheepfolds.
Furthermore he wrought a green, like that which Daedalus once made in
Cnossus for lovely Ariadne. Hereon there danced youths and maidens whom all
would woo, with their hands on one another’s wrists. The maidens wore robes of
light linen, and the youths well woven shirts that were slightly oiled. The girls
were crowned with garlands, while the young men had daggers of gold that
hung by silver baldrics; sometimes they would dance deftly in a ring with merry
twinkling feet, as it were a potter sitting at his work and making trial of his
wheel to see whether it will run, and sometimes they would go all in line with
one another, and much people was gathered joyously about the green. There
was a bard also to sing to them and play his lyre, while two tumblers went about
performing in the midst of them when the man struck up with his tune.
All round the outermost rim of the shield he set the mighty stream of the
river Oceanus.
Then when he had fashioned the shield so great and strong, he made a
breastplate also that shone brighter than fire. He made a helmet, close fitting to
the brow, and richly worked, with a golden plume overhanging it; and he made
greaves also of beaten tin.
Korean
bard: 시인, 음유시인, 음유 시인, fitting: 입혀보기, 비품, 부속품, 가구, performing: 공연을 요하는, 실행할 수
마갑, 마갑을 입히다. 설치, 적합, 적당한, 어울리는, 건구, 있는, 재주 부릴 수 있는, 재주 부릴줄
barking: 짖는, 짖는 소리, 심한 기침, 형, 입어보기. 아는, 실행하는, 성취할 수 있는.
호통, 권총, 잘 짖는. joyously: 기쁘게. potter: 도공, 옹기장이, 꾸물거리며
boyish: 소년의, 소년 같은, 여자 merry: 즐거운, 명랑한, 유쾌한, 일하다, 공 치는 사람, 꾸물거리며
아이가 같은. 거나한, 흥겨운, 거나하게 취한 하는 일, 놓는 사람, 놓는 물건.
fasten: 잠기다, 멈추다, 잠그다, 기분의. slightly: 조금, 약간, 약하게.
고착하다, 꽉달라붙다, 꽉 달라붙다, oiled: 기름을 바른, 기름에 적신, twinkling: 경쾌한, 어른거림,
단단히 고정시키다, 기름을 칠한, 얼근히 취한, 취한, 반짝반짝 빛나는, 반짝임, 번득이는,
단단히고정시키다, 붙들어 매다, 얼큰히 취한, 기름에 담근, 기름을 순간, 번쩍거리는, 번드거임,
붙들어매다, 고정하다. 먹인. 반짝거리는, 깜ㅃ가임, 깜빡임.
280 The Iliad

Lastly, %when the famed lame god had made all the armour, he took it and
set it before the mother of Achilles; whereon she darted like a falcon from the
snowy summits of Olympus and bore away the gleaming armour from the
house of Vulcan.

Korean
armour: 방비, 갑옷과 투구, 철갑, 관객, 중요한 사람, 천주, 하나님,
장갑, 방호 기관, 갑옷을 입히는, 천제.
갑옷을 입히다, 갑옷, 기갑 부대. lame: 절름발이의, 절름발이로 만들다,
bore: 구멍, 구멍을 뚫다, 불충분한, 앞뒤가 맞지 않는,
싫증나게하다, 송곳구멍, 밀물, 절름발이가 절룩거리다, 절름발이가
총구멍, 해일, 뚫다, 구멍을 내다, 되다, 운율이 불완전한, 불완전한,
구멍이 나다, 따분한 것. 불구의, 라메.
falcon: 송골매, 매, 새매. snowy: 오점이 없는, 눈의, 눈이 오는,
famed: 유명한, 유명하게 하는. 눈이 쌓인, 눈이 썅 눈같은, 설백의,
god: 조물주, 신, 하느님, 우상, 눈이 많은, 순백의.
신격화하다, 숭배하다, 삼등석의 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
 Homer 281

BOOK XIX

Now%when Dawn in robe of saffron was hasting from the streams of

Oceanus, to bring light to mortals and immortals, Thetis reached the ships with
the armour that the god had given her. She found her son fallen about the body
of Patroclus and weeping bitterly. Many also of his followers were weeping
round him, but when the goddess came among them she clasped his hand in her
own, saying, “My son, grieve as we may we must let this man lie, for it is by
heaven’s will that he has fallen; now, therefore, accept from Vulcan this rich and
goodly armour, which no man has ever yet borne upon his shoulders.”
As she spoke she set the armour before Achilles, and it rang out bravely as
she did so. The Myrmidons were struck with awe, and none dared look full at it,
for they were afraid; but Achilles was roused to still greater fury, and his eyes
gleamed with a fierce light, for he was glad when he handled the splendid
present which the god had made him. Then, as soon as he had satisfied himself
with looking at it, he said to his mother, “Mother, the god has given me armour,
meet handiwork for an immortal and such as no-one living could have
fashioned; I will now arm, but I much fear that flies will settle upon the son of
Menoetius and breed worms about his wounds, so that his body, now he is dead,
will be disfigured and the flesh will rot.”

Korean
armour: 방비, 갑옷과 투구, 철갑, 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의,
장갑, 방호 기관, 갑옷을 입히는, grieve: 괴롭히다, 괴로워하다, 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람.
갑옷을 입히다, 갑옷, 기갑 부대. 슬퍼하다, 몹시 슬퍼하다, 가슴 robe: 예복, 법복, 긴 유아복, 의복,
awe: 외경하다, 경외, 두려움. 아파하다, 농장 관리인, 마음 덮개, 길고 헐거운 겉옷, 옷, 예복을
bitterly: 쓰게, 격심하게, 비참하게, 아파하다, 관리자, 슬픔에 잠기게 입다, 관복, 장식하다, 예복입히다.
몹시, 살을 에듯이, 통렬히. 하다. saffron: 사프란색, 사프란, 사프란 색,
bravely: 용감하게, 화려하게. handiwork: 짓, 수세공, 소행, 제작물. 사프란색의.
disfigured: 의 외관을 손상하는. handled: 자루가 달린, 핸들이 있는. weeping: 드리우는, 가지가 휘늘어진,
fashioned: 식의. immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, 우는, 눈물 흘리는, 눈물울 흘리는,
goddess: 여신. 불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, 눈물을 흘리는, 늘어짐, 배어 나오는,
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 스며 나오는, 스며 나옴, 울음.
282 The Iliad

Silver-footed Thetis answered, “My son, be not disquieted about this matter. I
will find means to protect him from the swarms of noisome flies that prey on the
bodies of men who have been killed in battle. He may lie for a whole year, and
his flesh shall still be as sound as ever, or even sounder. Call, therefore, the
Achaean heroes in assembly; unsay your anger against Agamemnon; arm at
once, and fight with might and main.”
As she spoke she put strength and courage into his heart, and she then
dropped ambrosia and red nectar into the wounds of Patroclus, that his body
might suffer no change.%
Then Achilles went out upon the seashore, and with a loud cry called on the
Achaean heroes. On this even those who as yet had stayed always at the ships,
the pilots and helmsmen, and even the stewards who were about the ships and
served out rations, all came to the place of assembly because Achilles had shown
himself after having held aloof so long from fighting. Two sons of Mars, Ulysses
and the son of Tydeus, came limping, for their wounds still pained them;
nevertheless they came, and took their seats in the front row of the assembly.
Last of all came Agamemnon, king of men, he too wounded, for Coon son of
Antenor had struck him with a spear in battle.
When the Achaeans were got together Achilles rose and said, “Son of Atreus,
surely it would have been better alike for both you and me, when we two were in
such high anger about Briseis, surely it would have been better, had Diana’s
arrow slain her at the ships on the day when I took her after having sacked
Lyrnessus. For so, many an Achaean the less would have bitten dust before the
foe in the days of my anger. It has been well for Hector and the Trojans, but the
Achaeans will long indeed remember our quarrel. Now, however, let it be, for it
is over. If we have been angry, necessity has schooled our anger. I put it from
me: I dare not nurse it for ever; therefore, bid the Achaeans arm forthwith that I
may go out against the Trojans, and learn whether they will be in a mind to sleep
by the ships or no. Glad, I ween, will he be to rest his knees who may fly my
spear when I wield it.”

Korean
aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한, limping: 절뚝거리는.
초연해 있다-초연한. necessity: 필수품, 궁핍, 필요, 필요성,
ambrosia: 신의 음식, 대단히 필연, 필요물, 불가피, 긴급한 필요,
맛있는것, 맛이나 냄새가 매우 좋은 궁상, 궁경, 불가결한 것.
음식, 신찬, 디저트, 신들의 음식. nectar: 넥타, 감로, 꽃의 꿀, 달콤한
assembly: 조립, 하원, 집합 신호, 음료, 신들의 술, 신주과즙, 미주.
집회, 입법의회, 조립 부품, 회의, noisome: 해로운, 싫은, 불쾌한,
집합, 무도회, 집합신호, 입법회의. 악취가나는.
foe: 적, 적군, 원수, 상대. pained: 아파하는, 감정이 상한, 싱처
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 입은, 화난.
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. rations: 식료품, 하루분의 양식.
seashore: 해안, 해변, 해안의, 해변의.
sounder: 음향기, 울리는 것, 전음
발신기, 측심원, 소리내는 것, 소식자,
울리는 사람, 측심기, 산돼지 떼.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
unsay: 취소하다.
ween: 기대하다, 믿다, 생각하다,
이라고 생각하다.
wield: 휘두르다, 지배하다.
 Homer 283

Thus did he speak, and the Achaeans rejoiced in that he had put away his
anger.%
Then Agamemnon spoke, rising in his place, and not going into the middle of
the assembly. “Danaan heroes,” said he, “servants of Mars, it is well to listen
when a man stands up to speak, and it is not seemly to interrupt him, or it will
go hard even with a practised speaker. Who can either hear or speak in an
uproar? Even the finest orator will be disconcerted by it. I will expound to the
son of Peleus, and do you other Achaeans heed me and mark me well. Often
have the Achaeans spoken to me of this matter and upbraided me, but it was not
I that did it: Jove, and Fate, and Erinys that walks in darkness struck me mad
when we were assembled on the day that I took from Achilles the meed that had
been awarded to him. What could I do? All things are in the hand of heaven, and
Folly, eldest of Jove’s daughters, shuts men’s eyes to their destruction. She walks
delicately, not on the solid earth, but hovers over the heads of men to make them
stumble or to ensnare them.
“Time was when she fooled Jove himself, who they say is greatest whether of
gods or men; for Juno, woman though she was, beguiled him on the day when
Alcmena was to bring forth mighty Hercules in the fair city of Thebes. He told it
out among the gods saying, ‘Hear me, all gods and goddesses, that I may speak
even as I am minded; this day shall an Ilithuia, helper of women who are in
labour, bring a man child into the world who shall be lord over all that dwell
about him who are of my blood and lineage.’ Then said Juno all crafty and full of
guile, ‘You will play false, and will not hold to your word. Swear me, O
Olympian, swear me a great oath, that he who shall this day fall between the feet
of a woman, shall be lord over all that dwell about him who are of your blood
and lineage.’
“Thus she spoke, and Jove suspected her not, but swore the great oath, to his
much ruing thereafter. For Juno darted down from the high summit of
Olympus, and went in haste to Achaean Argos where she knew that the noble
wife of Sthenelus son of Perseus then was. She being with child and in her
seventh month, Juno brought the child to birth though there was a month still

Korean
disconcerted: 당혹한, 당황한. 중요성, 부호. 마주치다, 헛딛어 곱드러지다,
ensnare: 올가미에 걸어 넣다, 덫에 month: 달, 월, 한달. 망설이게 하다, 비틀거리다.
걸리게 하다, 유혹하다. practised: 연습을 쌓은, 경험이 있는. summit: 절정, 정상, 수뇌회담,
expound: 설명하다, 상술하다, 상세히 seemly: 적당한, 점잖은, 알맞은, 품위 수뇌부, 모서리, 정상 회담, 정점,
설명하다. 있게. 꼭대기, 수뇌 회담, 수뇌급, 수뇌급의.
interrupt: 방해하다, 가로막다, speaker: 연설자, 변사, 하원의원, thereafter: 그것에 의해서, 그 이후, 그
중단하다, 중단시키다, 끼어들다, 확성기, 스피커, 의장, 이야기하는 뒤로, 그에 따라, 그후에.
일시 정지, 도중에서 방해하다, 사람, 말하는 사람. word: 말, 약속, 단어, 이야기, 성서,
저지하다. stumble: 말을 더듬다, 실책, 암호, 낱말, 하느님의 말씀, 말로
mark: 점수, 표, 형, 기호, 마가복음, 비틀거림, 비틀거리게 하다, 표현하다, 기별, 기계어.
마르크, 목표, 표를 하다, 특징, 망설이다, 실수, 더듬거리다,
284 The Iliad

wanting, %but she stayed the offspring of Alcmena, and kept back the Ilithuiae.
Then she went to tell Jove the son of Saturn, and said, ‘Father Jove, lord of the
lightning—I have a word for your ear. There is a fine child born this day,
Eurystheus, son to Sthenelus the son of Perseus; he is of your lineage; it is well,
therefore, that he should reign over the Argives.’
“On this Jove was stung to the very quick, and in his rage he caught Folly by
the hair, and swore a great oath that never should she again invade starry
heaven and Olympus, for she was the bane of all. Then he whirled her round
with a twist of his hand, and flung her down from heaven so that she fell on to
the fields of mortal men; and he was ever angry with her when he saw his son
groaning under the cruel labours that Eurystheus laid upon him. Even so did I
grieve when mighty Hector was killing the Argives at their ships, and all the
time I kept thinking of Folly who had so baned me. I was blind, and Jove robbed
me of my reason; I will now make atonement, and will add much treasure by
way of amends. Go, therefore, into battle, you and your people with you. I will
give you all that Ulysses offered you yesterday in your tents: or if it so please
you, wait, though you would fain fight at once, and my squires shall bring the
gifts from my ship, that you may see whether what I give you is enough.”
And Achilles answered, “Son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, you can
give such gifts as you think proper, or you can withhold them: it is in your own
hands. Let us now set battle in array; it is not well to tarry talking about trifles,
for there is a deed which is as yet to do. Achilles shall again be seen fighting
among the foremost, and laying low the ranks of the Trojans: bear this in mind
each one of you when he is fighting.”
Then Ulysses said, “Achilles, godlike and brave, send not the Achaeans thus
against Ilius to fight the Trojans fasting, for the battle will be no brief one, when
it is once begun, and heaven has filled both sides with fury; bid them first take
food both bread and wine by the ships, for in this there is strength and stay. No
man can do battle the livelong day to the going down of the sun if he is without
food; however much he may want to fight his strength will fail him before he
knows it; hunger and thirst will find him out, and his limbs will grow weary

Korean
add: 더하다, 가산하다, 늘다, 몰려들다침범하다, 대거몰려오다, tarry: 늦어지다, 기다리다, 타르의,
더해지다, 덧셈을 하다, 부언하다, 내습하다. 망설이다, 타르로 더럽혀진, 타르를
산입하다, 첨가하다, 합치다. please: 부디, 기쁘게 하다, 하고 칠한, 머무르다, 체재, 체재하다.
bread: 생계, 빵, 양식, 돈, 주식물, 싶어하다, 만족시키다, 제발, 의 thinking: 생각하는, 생각하기, 사고력
먹을것, 고용주, 주인, 현금, 에 마음에 들다, 좋아하다, 남의 마음에 있는, 사상이 있는, 생각, 생각하는
빵가루를 묻히다. 들다, 제발-기뻐하다, 아무쪼록, 생각, 사고, 생각함.
fasting: 단식의, 금식의, 단식, 절식, 기뻐하다. twist: 꼰 실, 새끼, 혼합주, 꼬다,
금식, 단식으로. proper: 독특한, 적당한, 진정한, 곡해하다, 구부리다, 구부러지다, 끈,
invade: 침입하다, 침해하다, 엄밀한 의미에서의, 고유의, 옳은, 감다, 한 번 꼬기, 기벽.
침략하다, 쳐들어가다, 퍼지다, 예의바른, 순전한, 특정한 날짜의 withhold: 보류하다, 억누르다, 주지
밀어닥치다, 충만하다, 예배, 고유한, 아주. 않다, 그만두다, 임금에서 공제하다.
 Homer 285

under him. But a man can fight all day if he is full fed with meat and wine; his
heart beats high, and his strength will stay till he has routed all his foes;
therefore, send the people away and bid them prepare their meal; King
Agamemnon will bring out the gifts in presence of the assembly, that all may see
them and you may be satisfied. Moreover let him swear an oath before the
Argives that he has never gone up into the couch of Briseis, nor been with her
after the manner of men and women; and do you, too, show yourself of a
gracious mind; let Agamemnon entertain you in his tents with a feast of
reconciliation, that so you may have had your dues in full. As for you, son of
Atreus, treat people more righteously in future; it is no disgrace even to a king
that he should make amends if he was wrong in the first instance.”%
And King Agamemnon answered, “Son of Laertes, your words please me
well, for throughout you have spoken wisely. I will swear as you would have me
do; I do so of my own free will, neither shall I take the name of heaven in vain.
Let, then, Achilles wait, though he would fain fight at once, and do you others
wait also, till the gifts come from my tent and we ratify the oath with sacrifice.
Thus, then, do I charge you: take some noble young Achaeans with you, and
bring from my tents the gifts that I promised yesterday to Achilles, and bring the
women also; furthermore let Talthybius find me a boar from those that are with
the host, and make it ready for sacrifice to Jove and to the sun.”
Then said Achilles, “Son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, see to these
matters at some other season, when there is breathing time and when I am
calmer. Would you have men eat while the bodies of those whom Hector son of
Priam slew are still lying mangled upon the plain? Let the sons of the Achaeans,
say I, fight fasting and without food, till we have avenged them; afterwards at
the going down of the sun let them eat their fill. As for me, Patroclus is lying
dead in my tent, all hacked and hewn, with his feet to the door, and his
comrades are mourning round him. Therefore I can take thought of nothing save
only slaughter and blood and the rattle in the throat of the dying.”
Ulysses answered, “Achilles, son of Peleus, mightiest of all the Achaeans, in
battle you are better than I, and that more than a little, but in counsel I am much

Korean
amends: 보상, 배상, 배상하다, 벌충, 시제, 장래의, 장래, 미래시제,
보상하다. 선물계약, 선물, 미래 시제의, 전도.
dues: 부과금. hacked: 안달난, 곤혹스러운, 당혹한.
fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, hewn: 찍은.
하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, mourning: 상, 애도, 슬픔, 상복, 비탄.
부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는. ratify: 비준하다, 실증하다, 재가하다.
fasting: 단식의, 금식의, 단식, 절식, ready: 즉석의, 재빠른, 하기 쉬운,
금식, 단식으로. 준비시키다, 준비된, 편리한, 준비를
food: 양식, 식량, 식품, 자양분, 먹을 갖춘, 준비가 되어 있는, 채비가된,
것, 양분, 음식. 사격 준비 자세를 취한, 준비하다.
future: 미래, 미래의, 약혼자, 미래 reconciliation: 화해, 조정, 복종, 조화,
체념, 일치, 단념.
righteously: 공정하게, 당연하게,
바르게, 정당하게.
season: 계절, 정기권, 한창 때, 마르다,
제철, 익숙한, 누그러뜨리다, 단련한,
단련하다, 익숙해지다, 말리다.
slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
yesterday: 어제, 최근, 어저께, 작금,
과거, 요 사이, 요즈음, 요즈음에,
지난날, 최근에.
286 The Iliad

before%you, for I am older and of greater knowledge. Therefore be patient under

my words. Fighting is a thing of which men soon surfeit, and when Jove, who is
war’s steward, weighs the upshot, it may well prove that the straw which our
sickles have reaped is far heavier than the grain. It may not be that the Achaeans
should mourn the dead with their bellies; day by day men fall thick and
threefold continually; when should we have respite from our sorrow? Let us
mourn our dead for a day and bury them out of sight and mind, but let those of
us who are left eat and drink that we may arm and fight our foes more fiercely.
In that hour let no man hold back, waiting for a second summons; such
summons shall bode ill for him who is found lagging behind at our ships; let us
rather sally as one man and loose the fury of war upon the Trojans.”
When he had thus spoken he took with him the sons of Nestor, with Meges
son of Phyleus, Thoas, Meriones, Lycomedes son of Creontes, and Melanippus,
and went to the tent of Agamemnon son of Atreus. The word was not sooner
said than the deed was done: they brought out the seven tripods which
Agamemnon had promised, with the twenty metal cauldrons and the twelve
horses; they also brought the women skilled in useful arts, seven in number,
with Briseis, which made eight. Ulysses weighed out the ten talents of gold and
then led the way back, while the young Achaeans brought the rest of the gifts,
and laid them in the middle of the assembly.
Agamemnon then rose, and Talthybius whose voice was like that of a god
came to him with the boar. The son of Atreus drew the knife which he wore by
the scabbard of his mighty sword, and began by cutting off some bristles from
the boar, lifting up his hands in prayer as he did so. The other Achaeans sat
where they were all silent and orderly to hear the king, and Agamemnon looked
into the vault of heaven and prayed saying, “I call Jove the first and mightiest of
all gods to witness, I call also Earth and Sun and the Erinyes who dwell below
and take vengeance on him who shall swear falsely, that I have laid no hand
upon the girl Briseis, neither to take her to my bed nor otherwise, but that she
has remained in my tents inviolate. If I swear falsely may heaven visit me with
all the penalties which it metes out to those who perjure themselves.”

Korean
bode: 징조가 나쁘다, 조짐이되다, otherwise: 그렇지 않으면, 다른, 달리, 회계.
조짐을나타내다, 징조가 되다, 조짐을 다른 상태로, 딴 방법으로, summons: 소환, 소집, 호출, 법정에
나타내다, 예감하다, 징조가 됨, 딴점에서는, 다른 방법으로, 다른 소환하다, 호출하다, 소환하다, 출두
징조이다, 조짐이 되다. 방법의, 기타의 점에서, 그렇지 않는, 명령.
falsely: 거짓으로, 속여서, 기타의 점의. surfeit: 식상하다, 과다, 과식, 식상,
불성실하게, 부실하게, 부정하게, patient: 환자, 인내력이 강한, 근면한, 포만, 과도, 과식시키다, 과식하다,
잘못하여. 병자, 의사쪽에서 보아서 환자, 과음시키다, 과음하다.
inviolate: 침범되지 않은, 더럽혀지지 인내심이 강한, 허용하는, 참을성이 threefold: 삼면 장치, 삼배로, 삼배의,
않은, 신성한, 모독되지 않은. 있는, 참을성이 강한, 인내심이 있는. 삼부분이 있는, 삼중로, 요소이 있는.
lagging: 단열용 피복시공, 보온, steward: 간사, 집사, 기선, 여객계원, useful: 도움이 되는, 유용한, 편리한,
보온재. 식사 담당원, 식사 담당자, 사환, 막일꾼, 쓸모있는, 유능한.
 Homer 287

He cut the boar’s throat as he spoke, whereon Talthybius whirled it round his
head, and flung it into the wide sea to feed the fishes. Then Achilles also rose and
said to the Argives, “Father Jove, of a truth you blind men’s eyes and bane them.
The son of Atreus had not else stirred me to so fierce an anger, nor so stubbornly
taken Briseis from me against my will. Surely Jove must have counselled the
destruction of many an Argive. Go, now, and take your food that we may begin
fighting.”
On this he broke up the assembly, and every man went back to his own ship.
The Myrmidons attended to the presents and took them away to the ship of
Achilles. They placed them in his tents, while the stable-men drove the horses in
among the others.%
Briseis, fair as Venus, when she saw the mangled body of Patroclus, flung
herself upon it and cried aloud, tearing her breast, her neck, and her lovely face
with both her hands. Beautiful as a goddess she wept and said, “Patroclus,
dearest friend, when I went hence I left you living; I return, O prince, to find you
dead; thus do fresh sorrows multiply upon me one after the other. I saw him to
whom my father and mother married me, cut down before our city, and my
three own dear brothers perished with him on the self-same day; but you,
Patroclus, even when Achilles slew my husband and sacked the city of noble
Mynes, told me that I was not to weep, for you said you would make Achilles
marry me, and take me back with him to Phthia, we should have a wedding feast
among the Myrmidons. You were always kind to me and I shall never cease to
grieve for you.”
She wept as she spoke, and the women joined in her lament-making as
though their tears were for Patroclus, but in truth each was weeping for her own
sorrows. The elders of the Achaeans gathered round Achilles and prayed him to
take food, but he groaned and would not do so. “I pray you,” said he, “if any
comrade will hear me, bid me neither eat nor drink, for I am in great heaviness,
and will stay fasting even to the going down of the sun.”
On this he sent the other princes away, save only the two sons of Atreus and
Ulysses, Nestor, Idomeneus, and the knight Phoenix, who stayed behind and

Korean
bane: 독, 파멸, 해, 파멸의 원인. hence: 그러므로, 사라져, 이제부터, wedding: 결혼 기념식, 결혼, 혼례,
fasting: 단식의, 금식의, 단식, 절식, 여기서 부터, 그 결과, 여기서부터, 결합, 결혼식, 결혼의.
금식, 단식으로. 금후, 이 세상에서 떠나라, 이런 weep: 울다, 흘리다, 눈물을 흘리다,
grieve: 괴롭히다, 괴로워하다, 까닭에. 슬퍼하다, 스며 나오게 하다,
슬퍼하다, 몹시 슬퍼하다, 가슴 multiply: 곱하다, 번식하다, 늘리다, 물방울이 듣다, 비탄하다, 스며내다,
아파하다, 농장 관리인, 마음 번식시키다, 증가시키다. 에 눈물을 흘리다, 물기를 내뿜다,
아파하다, 관리자, 슬픔에 잠기게 perished: 매우 곤란한, 지친, 가지를 축 늘어뜨리다.
하다. 초췌해진. whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
heaviness: 무거움, 무게, 나른함 slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
무기력, 힘겨움, 활발치 못함, 슬픔, 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
낙담, 맥없음, 가쁨, 답답함, 비애. stubbornly: 완강히, 완고하게.
288 The Iliad

tried%to comfort him in the bitterness of his sorrow: but he would not be
comforted till he should have flung himself into the jaws of battle, and he fetched
sigh on sigh, thinking ever of Patroclus. Then he said—
“Hapless and dearest comrade, you it was who would get a good dinner
ready for me at once and without delay when the Achaeans were hasting to fight
the Trojans; now, therefore, though I have meat and drink in my tents, yet will I
fast for sorrow. Grief greater than this I could not know, not even though I were
to hear of the death of my father, who is now in Phthia weeping for the loss of
me his son, who am here fighting the Trojans in a strange land for the accursed
sake of Helen, nor yet though I should hear that my son is no more—he who is
being brought up in Scyros—if indeed Neoptolemus is still living. Till now I
made sure that I alone was to fall here at Troy away from Argos, while you were
to return to Phthia, bring back my son with you in your own ship, and show him
all my property, my bondsmen, and the greatness of my house—for Peleus must
surely be either dead, or what little life remains to him is oppressed alike with
the infirmities of age and ever present fear lest he should hear the sad tidings of
my death.”
He wept as he spoke, and the elders sighed in concert as each thought on
what he had left at home behind him. The son of Saturn looked down with pity
upon them, and said presently to Minerva, “My child, you have quite deserted
your hero; is he then gone so clean out of your recollection? There he sits by the
ships all desolate for the loss of his dear comrade, and though the others are gone
to their dinner he will neither eat nor drink. Go then and drop nectar and
ambrosia into his breast, that he may know no hunger.”
With these words he urged Minerva, who was already of the same mind. She
darted down from heaven into the air like some falcon sailing on his broad
wings and screaming. Meanwhile the Achaeans were arming throughout the
host, and when Minerva had dropped nectar and ambrosia into Achilles so that
no cruel hunger should cause his limbs to fail him, she went back to the house of
her mighty father. Thick as the chill snow-flakes shed from the hand of Jove and
borne on the keen blasts of the north wind, even so thick did the gleaming

Korean
accursed: 저주받은, 지겨운, 저주할. 음악회. property: 소유지, 재산, 특성, 소유물,
ambrosia: 신의 음식, 대단히 delay: 유예, 지연, 늦게하다, 소품, 성질, 소유권, 물질 고유의
맛있는것, 맛이나 냄새가 매우 좋은 지연시키다, 지체하다, 연기하다- 성질.
음식, 신찬, 디저트, 신들의 음식. 늦어지다, 연기하다, 늦어지다, recollection: 회상, 기억, 추억, 회고록,
arming: 무장, 접극자, 무장을 갖춤. 지체하다-지연, 지연 기간, 상기, 회고, 옛날을 생각케 하는 것,
cause: 이유, 원인, 소송, 대의, 주의, 우물쭈물하다. 마음의 평정, 기억력.
의 원인이 되다, 하게 하다, 끼치다, dinner: 정찬, 오찬, 만찬, 정식, 식사를 sailing: 범주, 출범, 항행, 항해술,
일으키다, 주장, 정당한이유. 하다, 공식 오찬, 공식 만찬. 순조로운 진행, 항행력, 항해의.
concert: 합주, 협정하다, 제휴, 연주회, present: 선물, 있는, 현재의, 현재 strange: 생소한, 모르는, 이상한,
협화음, 협조, 협조하다, 협약, 시제, 겨누다, 소개하다, 추천하다, 경험이 없는, 익숙치 못한, 눈에 선,
콘서트용의, 콘서트에서 연주되는, 현재, 내놓다, 배알시키다, 상연하다. 타국의, 묘하게, 외국의, 묘한.
 Homer 289

helmets, the bossed shields, the strongly plated breastplates, and the ashen
spears stream from the ships. The sheen pierced the sky, the whole land was
radiant with their flashing armour, and the sound of the tramp of their treading
rose from under their feet. In the midst of them all Achilles put on his armour; he
gnashed his teeth, his eyes gleamed like fire, for his grief was greater than he
could bear. Thus, then, full of fury against the Trojans, did he don the gift of the
god, the armour that Vulcan had made him.%
First he put on the goodly greaves fitted with ancle-clasps, and next he did
on the breastplate about his chest. He slung the silver-studded sword of bronze
about his shoulders, and then took up the shield so great and strong that shone
afar with a splendour as of the moon. As the light seen by sailors from out at sea,
when men have lit a fire in their homestead high up among the mountains, but
the sailors are carried out to sea by wind and storm far from the haven where
they would be—even so did the gleam of Achilles’ wondrous shield strike up
into the heavens. He lifted the redoubtable helmet, and set it upon his head, from
whence it shone like a star, and the golden plumes which Vulcan had set thick
about the ridge of the helmet, waved all around it. Then Achilles made trial of
himself in his armour to see whether it fitted him, so that his limbs could play
freely under it, and it seemed to buoy him up as though it had been wings.
He also drew his father’s spear out of the spear-stand, a spear so great and
heavy and strong that none of the Achaeans save only Achilles had strength to
wield it; this was the spear of Pelian ash from the topmost ridges of Mt. Pelion,
which Chiron had once given to Peleus, fraught with the death of heroes.
Automedon and Alcimus busied themselves with the harnessing of his horses;
they made the bands fast about them, and put the bit in their mouths, drawing
the reins back towards the chariot. Automedon, whip in hand, sprang up behind
the horses, and after him Achilles mounted in full armour, resplendent as the
sun-god Hyperion. Then with a loud voice he chided with his father’s horses
saying, “Xanthus and Balius, famed offspring of Podarge—this time when we
have done fighting be sure and bring your driver safely back to the host of the
Achaeans, and do not leave him dead on the plain as you did Patroclus.”

Korean
bit: 비트, 잔돈, 작은 조각, 조금, 소량, 희망을 갖게하다. 하다, 승부를 겨루다, 어른거림, 오락,
잠시, 예의 방식, 대패의 날, 판에 don: 입다, 명사, 걸치다, 능수꾼, 경기, 연극을 하다, 살랑거리다, 연극.
박은 짓거리, 판에 박은 일, 판에 박은 스페인 신사, 돈 강, 대학교의 학장, resplendent: 빛나는, 눈부신,
사건. 님, 남자 이름, 남자이름. 눈부시게빛나는, 찬란한, 찬연한.
bossed: 돌기물이 붙은, 양각 장식한, goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 ridge: 이랑, 산등성이, 산마루, 이랑이
돋을새김이 붙은, 돋을 새김이 붙은. 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 되다, 등, 등줄기, 산맥, 산맥마룻대,
breastplate: 가슴받이, 복갑, 거북의 haven: 항구, 피난처. 산봉우리, 융기, 콧날.
복갑, 흉패, 가슴걸이로 멘 마구, homestead: 자작농장, 집과 부속지, star: 별, 스타, 스타의, 인기 배우,
목걸이 없이 멘 마구. 자작 농장, 주택, 택지. 지구, 튀어나다, 훈장, 주요한, 을
buoy: 띄우다, 뜨다, 부표, 지지하다, plated: 도금한, 장갑의. 주역으로 하다, 운수, 별로 장식하다.
부이, 에 부이를 달다, 지탱하다, play: 놀다, 연주하다, 놀이, 경기를 topmost: 최고의, 절정의, 최상의.
290 The Iliad

Then fleet Xanthus answered under the yoke—for white-armed Juno had
endowed him with human speech—and he bowed his head till his mane
touched the ground as it hung down from under the yoke-band. “Dread
Achilles,” said he, “we will indeed save you now, but the day of your death is
near, and the blame will not be ours, for it will be heaven and stern fate that will
destroy you. Neither was it through any sloth or slackness on our part that the
Trojans stripped Patroclus of his armour; it was the mighty god whom lovely
Leto bore that slew him as he fought among the foremost, and vouchsafed a
triumph to Hector. We two can fly as swiftly as Zephyrus who they say is fleetest
of all winds; nevertheless it is your doom to fall by the hand of a man and of a
god.”
When he had thus said the Erinyes stayed his speech, and Achilles answered
him in great sadness, saying, “Why, O Xanthus, do you thus foretell my death?
You need not do so, for I well know that I am to fall here, far from my dear father
and mother; none the more, however, shall I stay my hand till I have given the
Trojans their fill of fighting.”
So saying, with a loud cry he drove his horses to the front.%

armour: 방비, 갑옷과 투구, 철갑,
장갑, 방호 기관, 갑옷을 입히는,
갑옷을 입히다, 갑옷, 기갑 부대.
bowed: 굽은, 머리를 숙인, 활을 가진,
활 모양의, 활 모양을 한.
doom: 운명짓다, 운명, 선고하다,
죽음, 파멸, 최후의 심판, 재판,
판정하다, 법령.
dread: 공포, 두려움, 두려워하다,
걱정하다, 격정하다, 무서운 물건,
무서운 사람.
Korean
foremost: 일류의, 맨앞의, 맨 먼저, 맨 slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
처음의, 으뜸가는, 일류가는. 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
foretell: 예고하다, 예언하다, 예고 sloth: 나태, 나무늘보, 게으름.
하다, 예시 하다, 예언 하다. speech: 말, 연설, 말투, 담화, 화법,
mane: 갈기, 말이나 사자의 갈기. 표현력, 이야기, 언어 국어 방언,
mighty: 거대한, 강대한, 굉장한, 힘센, 언어능력, 연설법, 말하기.
위대한, 몹시, 센, 물체가 센, 사람이 stern: 황량한, 엄격한, 고물, 쓸쓸한,
센. 선미, 굳은, 준엄한, 단호한, 고물
sadness: 어이없는, 진지한, 별자리, 피할 도리가 없는, 엉덩이.
우중충충한, 어두운, 슬픈, 비애,
슬퍼하는, 설구워진, 지독한, 슬픔.
 Homer 291

BOOK XX

Thus, then, did the Achaeans arm by their ships round you, O son of Peleus,
who were hungering for battle; while the Trojans over against them armed upon
the rise of the plain.%
Meanwhile Jove from the top of many-delled Olympus, bade Themis gather
the gods in council, whereon she went about and called them to the house of
Jove. There was not a river absent except Oceanus, nor a single one of the
nymphs that haunt fair groves, or springs of rivers and meadows of green grass.
When they reached the house of cloud-compelling Jove, they took their seats in
the arcades of polished marble which Vulcan with his consummate skill had
made for father Jove.
In such wise, therefore, did they gather in the house of Jove. Neptune also,
lord of the earthquake, obeyed the call of the goddess, and came up out of the sea
to join them. There, sitting in the midst of them, he asked what Jove’s purpose
might be. “Why,” said he, “wielder of the lightning, have you called the gods in
council? Are you considering some matter that concerns the Trojans and
Achaeans—for the blaze of battle is on the point of being kindled between
them?”
And Jove answered, “You know my purpose, shaker of earth, and wherefore
I have called you hither. I take thought for them even in their destruction. For

Korean
absent: 결석의, 없는, 부재의, 멍청한, 자주가다, 마음에 붙어 다니다, 하다, 대리석 무늬로 하다, 대리석의
멍하게, 결근의, 결근하다, 결석하다, 자주가는 장소, 에 자주 가다, 조각물.
결여된, 멍한, 출타중인. 나타나다, 끊임없이 출입하는 장소, neptune: 해왕성, 바다의 신, 대양,
consummate: 완전한, 유능한, 마치다, 자주 나타나다. 넵투누스.
완성된, 완성하다, 이루다, 극점에 hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, shaker: 흔드는 사람, 후춧가루병,
달하게 하다, 더없는, 무상의, 여기에. 진교도, 교반기, 소금담개,
성취하다, 신방에 들어완성시키다. marble: 대리석, 공기돌, 조각, 대리석 셰이커교도, 흔드는 것.
except: 제외하다, 반대하다, 기피하다, 무늬를 넣다, 대리석제, 책 가장자리 wherefore: 이유, 어째서, 그러므로,
을 제하고는, 외에는, 빼다, 이의를 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 종이 왜, 무슨 이유로, 까닭, 그런 이유로.
내세우다. 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 아이들의 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
haunt: 소굴, 출몰하다, 나오다, 공기돌, 비누 따위를 대리석 무늬로
292 The Iliad

my own part I shall stay here seated on Mt. Olympus and look on in peace, but
do you others go about among Trojans and Achaeans, and help either side as you
may be severally disposed. If Achilles fights the Trojans without hindrance they
will make no stand against him; they have ever trembled at the sight of him, and
now that he is roused to such fury about his comrade, he will override fate itself
and storm their city.”
Thus spoke Jove and gave the word for war, whereon the gods took their
several sides and went into battle. Juno, Pallas Minerva, earth-encircling
Neptune, Mercury bringer of good luck and excellent in all cunning—all these
joined the host that came from the ships; with them also came Vulcan in all his
glory, limping, but yet with his thin legs plying lustily under him. Mars of
gleaming helmet joined the Trojans, and with him Apollo of locks unshorn, and
the archer goddess Diana, Leto, Xanthus, and laughter-loving Venus.%
So long as the gods held themselves aloof from mortal warriors the Achaeans
were triumphant, for Achilles who had long refused to fight was now with them.
There was not a Trojan but his limbs failed him for fear as he beheld the fleet son
of Peleus all glorious in his armour, and looking like Mars himself. When,
however, the Olympians came to take their part among men, forthwith uprose
strong Strife, rouser of hosts, and Minerva raised her loud voice, now standing
by the deep trench that ran outside the wall, and now shouting with all her
might upon the shore of the sounding sea. Mars also bellowed out upon the
other side, dark as some black thunder-cloud, and called on the Trojans at the
top of his voice, now from the acropolis, and now speeding up the side of the
river Simois till he came to the hill Callicolone.
Thus did the gods spur on both hosts to fight, and rouse fierce contention
also among themselves. The sire of gods and men thundered from heaven above,
while from beneath Neptune shook the vast earth, and bade the high hills
tremble. The spurs and crests of many-fountained Ida quaked, as also the city of
the Trojans and the ships of the Achaeans. Hades, king of the realms below, was
struck with fear; he sprang panic-stricken from his throne and cried aloud in
terror lest Neptune, lord of the earthquake, should crack the ground over his

Korean
acropolis: 아크로폴리스, 고대 그리스 산, 신들이 사는 하늘. 일, 소리큰 사람, 심한 거짓말, 큰
도시의 성채, 아테네의 성채, 성채. outside: 바깥쪽의, 최고의, 외관, 소리, 환기시키는사람, 환기자,
crack: 결점, 굴복하다, 변성, 갑작스런 바깥쪽, 옥외의, 극한에 달한, 밖으로, 각성자.
날카로운 소리, 재치있는말, 시도, 극한, 문밖으로, 외부, 외부의. severally: 각자에, 따로따로.
지껄이다, 자랑, 날카로운 폭음을 override: 짓밟다, 이겨내다, 무시하다, sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자,
내다, 떨어뜨리다, 갈라진 금. 타고 넘다, 말을 타고 가다, 무효로 전하, 아비, 낳게 하다.
hades: 저승, 명부, 황천, 지하계. 함, 보다 우선하다, 보다 우월하다, triumphant: 의기양양한, 승리를 거둔,
hindrance: 방해, 장애, 방해물. 보수, 세일즈맨의 매상고에 따라 의기 양양한, 승리를 얻은.
juno: 주노. 총대리점에 수수료를 지불하다, 어떤 unshorn: 가위로 다듬지 않은,
lustily: 튼튼하게. 장소를 말을 타고 가다. 감소되지 않은, 거둬들이지 않은.
olympus: 올림푸스산, 하늘, 올림포스 rouser: 교반기, 깜짝 놀라게 할 만한 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
 Homer 293

head, and lay bare his mouldy mansions to the sight of mortals and immortals—
mansions so ghastly grim that even the gods shudder to think of them. Such was
the uproar as the gods came together in battle. Apollo with his arrows took his
stand to face King Neptune, while Minerva took hers against the god of war; the
archer-goddess Diana with her golden arrows, sister of far-darting Apollo, stood
to face Juno; Mercury the lusty bringer of good luck faced Leto, while the mighty
eddying river whom men can Scamander, but gods Xanthus, matched himself
against Vulcan.%
The gods, then, were thus ranged against one another. But the heart of
Achilles was set on meeting Hector son of Priam, for it was with his blood that he
longed above all things else to glut the stubborn lord of battle. Meanwhile
Apollo set Aeneas on to attack the son of Peleus, and put courage into his heart,
speaking with the voice of Lycaon son of Priam. In his likeness therefore, he said
to Aeneas, “Aeneas, counsellor of the Trojans, where are now the brave words
with which you vaunted over your wine before the Trojan princes, saying that
you would fight Achilles son of Peleus in single combat?”
And Aeneas answered, “Why do you thus bid me fight the proud son of
Peleus, when I am in no mind to do so? Were I to face him now, it would not be
for the first time. His spear has already put me to Right from Ida, when he
attacked our cattle and sacked Lyrnessus and Pedasus; Jove indeed saved me in
that he vouchsafed me strength to fly, else had the fallen by the hands of Achilles
and Minerva, who went before him to protect him and urged him to fall upon
the Lelegae and Trojans. No man may fight Achilles, for one of the gods is
always with him as his guardian angel, and even were it not so, his weapon flies
ever straight, and fails not to pierce the flesh of him who is against him; if
heaven would let me fight him on even terms he should not soon overcome me,
though he boasts that he is made of bronze.”
Then said King Apollo, son to Jove, “Nay, hero, pray to the ever-living gods,
for men say that you were born of Jove’s daughter Venus, whereas Achilles is
son to a goddess of inferior rank. Venus is child to Jove, while Thetis is but

Korean
angel: 천사, 영국의옛금화, 후배, 하등의, 열등한 사람, 하급품, 들어가다, 에 구멍을 뚫다, 돌입하다,
재정적후원자, 천사같은 사람, 옛날의 하급의, 이하위의, 열등한, 밑에 붙은. 꿰찌르다, 고함 소시 다위가 날카롭게
영국 금화, 재정적 후원자. likeness: 비슷함, 상사성, 외관, 초상, 울리다, 고함 소리 따위가 날카롭게
faced: 한 얼굴을 한, 둥근 얼굴의, 흡사한 것, 흡사한 사람. 울리다, 에 구멍을 둠다.
정변을 향한, 활자가 굵은, 표면이 lusty: 튼튼한, 원기 왕성한. uproar: 소음, 큰소란, 소동, 소란.
..한. mansions: 아파트. vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
glut: 포식, 식상, 공급 과잉, 과다, mouldy: 진부한, 곰팡이 같은, 나쁜,
물리게 하다, 배불리 먹이다, 상품을 곰팡난, 곰팡이가 핀, 지겨운, 질이
과도하게 공급하다. 나쁜.
hers: 그 여자의 것. pierce: 통찰하다, 감동시키다,
inferior: 하위의, 하급자, 손아랫사람, 관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 에스며들다-
294 The Iliad

daughter to the old man of the sea. Bring, therefore, your spear to bear upon
him, and let him not scare you with his taunts and menaces.”%
As he spoke he put courage into the heart of the shepherd of his people, and
he strode in full armour among the ranks of the foremost fighters. Nor did the
son of Anchises escape the notice of white-armed Juno, as he went forth into the
throng to meet Achilles. She called the gods about her, and said, “Look to it, you
two, Neptune and Minerva, and consider how this shall be; Phoebus Apollo has
been sending Aeneas clad in full armour to fight Achilles. Shall we turn him back
at once, or shall one of us stand by Achilles and endow him with strength so that
his heart fail not, and he may learn that the chiefs of the immortals are on his
side, while the others who have all along been defending the Trojans are but vain
helpers? Let us all come down from Olympus and join in the fight, that this day
he may take no hurt at the hands of the Trojans. Hereafter let him suffer
whatever fate may have spun out for him when he was begotten and his mother
bore him. If Achilles be not thus assured by the voice of a god, he may come to
fear presently when one of us meets him in battle, for the gods are terrible if they
are seen face to face.”
Neptune lord of the earthquake answered her saying, “Juno, restrain your
fury; it is not well; I am not in favour of forcing the other gods to fight us, for the
advantage is too greatly on our own side; let us take our places on some hill out
of the beaten track, and let mortals fight it out among themselves. If Mars or
Phoebus Apollo begin fighting, or keep Achilles in check so that he cannot fight,
we too, will at once raise the cry of battle, and in that case they will soon leave
the field and go back vanquished to Olympus among the other gods.”
With these words the dark-haired god led the way to the high earth-barrow
of Hercules, built round solid masonry, and made by the Trojans and Pallas
Minerva for him fly to when the sea-monster was chasing him from the shore on
to the plain. Here Neptune and those that were with him took their seats,
wrapped in a thick cloud of darkness; but the other gods seated themselves on
the brow of Callicolone round you, O Phoebus, and Mars the waster of cities.

Korean
advantage: 유리, 이익, 편의, 강점, masonry: 석조 건축, 프리메이슨 조합, 예고, 주목하다, 통보.
이점, 유리한 점, 우월, 듀스 후 석공직, 석공 직, 벽돌공사, 벽돌공 spun: 자은, 실 모양으로한, 잡아늘인,
일점의 득점, 편리. 직, 콘크리트 공사, 콘크리트공 직, 잡아 늘인, 지칠 대로 지친.
daughter: 딸, 딸로서의, 여자, 돌공사. track: 추적하다, 경주로, 통로, 발자국,
동성애의 남성유혹되어 동성애의 meet: 마주치다, 적당한, 만나다, 아는 에 발자국을 남기다, 신발에 묻혀
세계로 빠진 남자, 딸된 신분, 딸들, 사이가 되다, 와 서로 만나보다, 들이다, 육상경기, 선로, 지나간 자국,
방사성 붕괴로 생긴, 처녀 시절, 제 하나로 합치다, -을 만나다, 찾아내다, 흔적.
일세의 소산의, 제1세의 소산의, 어울리는, 와 마주치다, 교점, whatever: 조금의 ...도, 어떤 ...이라도,
동성애의 남성. 마중하다. 것은 무엇이나, 무엇이 ...하든지,
forcing: 발육 촉진, 강제, 폭행, 탈취, notice: 통지, 게시, 주의, 주의하다, 것은 무엇이든지, 도대체 무엇이,
촉성, 발육 촉진법. 고시, 통지하다, 언급하다, 후대, 일은 무엇이든지.
 Homer 295

Thus did the gods sit apart and form their plans, but neither side was willing
to begin battle with the other, and Jove from his seat on high was in command
over them all. Meanwhile the whole plain was alive with men and horses, and
blazing with the gleam of armour. The earth rang again under the tramp of their
feet as they rushed towards each other, and two champions, by far the foremost
of them all, met between the hosts to fight—to wit, Aeneas son of Anchises, and
noble Achilles.%
Aeneas was first to stride forward in attack, his doughty helmet tossing
defiance as he came on. He held his strong shield before his breast, and
brandished his bronze spear. The son of Peleus from the other side sprang forth
to meet him, like some fierce lion that the whole country-side has met to hunt
and kill—at first he bodes no ill, but when some daring youth has struck him
with a spear, he crouches openmouthed, his jaws foam, he roars with fury, he
lashes his tail from side to side about his ribs and loins, and glares as he springs
straight before him, to find out whether he is to slay, or be slain among the
foremost of his foes—even with such fury did Achilles burn to spring upon
Aeneas.
When they were now close up with one another Achilles was first to speak.
“Aeneas,” said he, “why do you stand thus out before the host to fight me? Is it
that you hope to reign over the Trojans in the seat of Priam? Nay, though you kill
me Priam will not hand his kingdom over to you. He is a man of sound
judgement, and he has sons of his own. Or have the Trojans been allotting you a
demesne of passing richness, fair with orchard lawns and corn lands, if you
should slay me? This you shall hardly do. I have discomfited you once already.
Have you forgotten how when you were alone I chased you from your herds
helter-skelter down the slopes of Ida? You did not turn round to look behind
you; you took refuge in Lyrnessus, but I attacked the city, and with the help of
Minerva and father Jove I sacked it and carried its women into captivity, though
Jove and the other gods rescued you. You think they will protect you now, but
they will not do so; therefore I say go back into the host, and do not face me, or
you will rue it. Even a fool may be wise after the event.”

demesne: 소유, 범위, 영지, 지역,
토지의 점유, 점유지, 저택에 따른 땅.
doughty: 용감한, 굳센, 대담한.
gleam: 번득이다, 번적임, 희미한
징조, 희미하게 번쩍이다, 어렴풋한
빛, 번득임, 빛, 번쩍이다.
helter-skelter: 난잡하게, 나선형
미끄럼틀, 당황하여, 당황함.
kingdom: 계, 왕국, 분야, 세계, 왕토,
신정, 왕의 통치.
loins: 허리, 허리부분.
Korean
nay: 아니, 거절, 반대 투표, 거부, 그
뿐만아니라, 불가능하다, 그렇기는
커녕, 그렇기는 하나, 라기보다는,
반대, 뿐만아니라.
openmouthed: 욕심 사나운,
시끄러운, 입을 벌린.
richness: 귀중, 부유, 풍부, 비옥, 풍요,
훌륭함, 자양분, 윤택, 맛좋고
실속있음.
slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다,
끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
웃기다.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
tail: 계사 한정, 한사의, 꼬리,
꼬리를자르다, 화폐의 뒷면, 한사
상속 재산, 의 꼬리를 잡아 당기다, 에
꼬리를 달다, 미행하다, 잇다, 꼬리
모양의 것.
tossing: 야당, 변명, 아웃, 탈락, 외부,
수비측.
296 The Iliad

Then Aeneas answered, “Son of Peleus, think not that your words can scare
me as though I were a child. I too, if I will, can brag and talk unseemly. We know
one another’s race and parentage as matters of common fame, though neither
have you ever seen my parents nor I yours. Men say that you are son to noble
Peleus, and that your mother is Thetis, fair-haired daughter of the sea. I have
noble Anchises for my father, and Venus for my mother; the parents of one or
other of us shall this day mourn a son, for it will be more than silly talk that shall
part us when the fight is over. Learn, then, my lineage if you will—and it is
known to many.%
“In the beginning Dardanus was the son of Jove, and founded Dardania, for
Ilius was not yet stablished on the plain for men to dwell in, and her people still
abode on the spurs of many-fountained Ida. Dardanus had a son, king
Erichthonius, who was wealthiest of all men living; he had three thousand mares
that fed by the water-meadows, they and their foals with them. Boreas was
enamoured of them as they were feeding, and covered them in the semblance of
a dark-maned stallion. Twelve filly foals did they conceive and bear him, and
these, as they sped over the rich plain, would go bounding on over the ripe ears
of corn and not break them; or again when they would disport themselves on the
broad back of Ocean they could gallop on the crest of a breaker. Erichthonius
begat Tros, king of the Trojans, and Tros had three noble sons, Ilus, Assaracus,
and Ganymede who was comeliest of mortal men; wherefore the gods carried
him off to be Jove’s cupbearer, for his beauty’s sake, that he might dwell among
the immortals. Ilus begat Laomedon, and Laomedon begat Tithonus, Priam,
Lampus, Clytius, and Hiketaon of the stock of Mars. But Assaracus was father to
Capys, and Capys to Anchises, who was my father, while Hector is son to Priam.
“Such do I declare my blood and lineage, but as for valour, Jove gives it or
takes it as he will, for he is lord of all. And now let there be no more of this
prating in mid-battle as though we were children. We could fling taunts without
end at one another; a hundred-oared galley would not hold them. The tongue
can run all whithers and talk all wise; it can go here and there, and as a man says,
so shall he be gainsaid. What is the use of our bandying hard like women who

Korean
beginning: 처음, 개시, 발단, 시작, disport: 놀이, 놀다, 즐거움, 즐겁게
초기, 시초, 초기의. 하다, 즐겁게 하다-즐거움, 흥겹게
boreas: 북풍의신, 북풍의 신, 북풍, 놀다, 장난하다.
보레아스. fair-haired: 금발의, 마음에 드는.
cupbearer: 술 따르는 사람, 잔 드리는 filly: 암망아지, 말괄량이.
자. founded: 기초가 ...한.
declare: 언명하다, 선언하다, galley: 게라, 군함, 대형보트, 갤리배,
성명하다, 신고하다, 공언하다, 취사실, 남포의 등피받치개.
언명해 놓고 그만두다, 신고하다- gallop: 급속도, 갤럽, 갤럽으로
공언하다, 단언하다, 나타내다, 달리다, 급속도로 나아가다,
알리다, 포고하다. 전속력으로 달리다, 갤럽으로 물다,
갤럽으로 말을 몰기, 갤럽으로 달리,
갤럽으로, 빨리 지나가다, 서두르다.
parentage: 가문, 혈통, 태생, 부모임.
ripe: 익은, 원숙한, 난숙한, 화농한,
붉고 탐스러운, 상스러운, 잘발달된,
준비가 다 된, 천한, 푹 곪은, 한창의.
stallion: 씨말, 종마, 확실한 대답을
피하다.
talk: 말하다, 지껄이다, 의논하다,
소문, 객담, 이야기, 담화, 언어, 빈말,
방언, 말투.
 Homer 297

when they fall foul of one another go out and wrangle in the streets, one half true
and the other lies, as rage inspires them? No words of yours shall turn me now
that I am fain to fight—therefore let us make trial of one another with our
spears.”
As he spoke he drove his spear at the great and terrible shield of Achilles,
which rang out as the point struck it. The son of Peleus held the shield before
him with his strong hand, and he was afraid, for he deemed that Aeneas’s spear
would go through it quite easily, not reflecting that the god’s glorious gifts were
little likely to yield before the blows of mortal men; and indeed Aeneas’s spear
did not pierce the shield, for the layer of gold, gift of the god, stayed the point. It
went through two layers, but the god had made the shield in five, two of bronze,
the two innermost ones of tin, and one of gold; it was in this that the spear was
stayed.%
Achilles in his turn threw, and struck the round shield of Aeneas at the very
edge, where the bronze was thinnest; the spear of Pelian ash went clean through,
and the shield rang under the blow; Aeneas was afraid, and crouched
backwards, holding the shield away from him; the spear, however, flew over his
back, and stuck quivering in the ground, after having gone through both circles
of the sheltering shield. Aeneas though he had avoided the spear, stood still,
blinded with fear and grief because the weapon had gone so near him; then
Achilles sprang furiously upon him, with a cry as of death and with his keen
blade drawn, and Aeneas seized a great stone, so huge that two men, as men
now are, would be unable to lift it, but Aeneas wielded it quite easily.
Aeneas would then have struck Achilles as he was springing towards him,
either on the helmet, or on the shield that covered him, and Achilles would have
closed with him and despatched him with his sword, had not Neptune lord of
the earthquake been quick to mark, and said forthwith to the immortals, “Alas, I
am sorry for great Aeneas, who will now go down to the house of Hades,
vanquished by the son of Peleus. Fool that he was to give ear to the counsel of
Apollo. Apollo will never save him from destruction. Why should this man
suffer when he is guiltless, to no purpose, and in another’s quarrel? Has he not

aeneas: 트로이의 용사, 아에네아스.
apollo: 아폴로, 태양, 아폴로우주선,
미남, 아폴로 우주선, 굉장한 미남자.
earthquake: 지진, 대변동.
fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히,
하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은,
부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는.
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로.
guiltless: 모르는, 경험 없는, 죄없는,
갖지않은, 죄가 없는.
Korean
innermost: 맨 안쪽의, 가장 깊숙한 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
곳, 가장 깊은 속의. 창으로 찌르다.
pierce: 통찰하다, 감동시키다, springing: 도약운동, 스프링.
관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 에스며들다- wrangle: 말다툼하다, 논쟁하다,
들어가다, 에 구멍을 뚫다, 돌입하다, 말다툼, 목장에서 보살피다,
꿰찌르다, 고함 소시 다위가 날카롭게 설복하다, 목장에서 보살피다, 논쟁,
울리다, 고함 소리 따위가 날카롭게 돌보다.
울리다, 에 구멍을 둠다.
quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는,
떨리는.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
298 The Iliad

at all times offered acceptable sacrifice to the gods that dwell in heaven? Let us
then snatch him from death’s jaws, lest the son of Saturn be angry should
Achilles slay him. It is fated, moreover, that he should escape, and that the race
of Dardanus, whom Jove loved above all the sons born to him of mortal women,
shall not perish utterly without seed or sign. For now indeed has Jove hated the
blood of Priam, while Aeneas shall reign over the Trojans, he and his children’s
children that shall be born hereafter.”%
Then answered Juno, “Earth-shaker, look to this matter yourself, and
consider concerning Aeneas, whether you will save him, or suffer him, brave
though he be, to fall by the hand of Achilles son of Peleus. For of a truth we two,
I and Pallas Minerva, have sworn full many a time before all the immortals, that
never would we shield Trojans from destruction, not even when all Troy is
burning in the flames that the Achaeans shall kindle.”
When earth-encircling Neptune heard this he went into the battle amid the
clash of spears, and came to the place where Achilles and Aeneas were.
Forthwith he shed a darkness before the eyes of the son of Peleus, drew the
bronze-headed ashen spear from the shield of Aeneas, and laid it at the feet of
Achilles. Then he lifted Aeneas on high from off the earth and hurried him away.
Over the heads of many a band of warriors both horse and foot did he soar as the
god’s hand sped him, till he came to the very fringe of the battle where the
Cauconians were arming themselves for fight. Neptune, shaker of the earth, then
came near to him and said, “Aeneas, what god has egged you on to this folly in
fighting the son of Peleus, who is both a mightier man of valour and more
beloved of heaven than you are? Give way before him whensoever you meet
him, lest you go down to the house of Hades even though fate would have it
otherwise. When Achilles is dead you may then fight among the foremost
undaunted, for none other of the Achaeans shall slay you.”
The god left him when he had given him these instructions, and at once
removed the darkness from before the eyes of Achilles, who opened them wide
indeed and said in great anger, “Alas! what marvel am I now beholding? Here is
my spear upon the ground, but I see not him whom I meant to kill when I hurled

Korean
arming: 무장, 접극자, 무장을 갖춤. 넵투누스. 웃기다.
ashen: 재의, 창백한, 회색의, perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, soar: 높이 날기, 높이 올라가다,
양물푸레나무, 물푸레나무같은, 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, 폭등하다, 부풀다, 치솟다, 일정한
물푸레나무의. 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 높이를 활공하다, 활공의 고도,
clash: 충돌, 전투, 겹침, 충돌하다, 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, 활공의 범위, 솟구치다, 높이 치솟다,
땡땡 소리나다, 땡땡 울리는 소리, 의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다. 날기.
부딪치다, 저촉되다, 우지끈, 불화- shaker: 흔드는 사람, 후춧가루병, undaunted: 용감한, 불굴의, 겁내지
충돌하다, 불일치. 진교도, 교반기, 소금담개, 않은, 겁내지 않는.
fated: 숙명적인, 저주받은, 운명 셰이커교도, 흔드는 것. valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
지워진, 운명이 정해진. slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다,
neptune: 해왕성, 바다의 신, 대양, 끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
 Homer 299

it. Of a truth Aeneas also must be under heaven’s protection, although I had
thought his boasting was idle. Let him go hang; he will be in no mood to fight
me further, seeing how narrowly he has missed being killed. I will now give my
orders to the Danaans and attack some other of the Trojans.”%
He sprang forward along the line and cheered his men on as he did so. “Let
not the Trojans,” he cried, “keep you at arm’s length, Achaeans, but go for them
and fight them man for man. However valiant I may be, I cannot give chase to so
many and fight all of them. Even Mars, who is an immortal, or Minerva, would
shrink from flinging himself into the jaws of such a fight and laying about him;
nevertheless, so far as in me lies I will show no slackness of hand or foot nor
want of endurance, not even for a moment; I will utterly break their ranks, and
woe to the Trojan who shall venture within reach of my spear.”
Thus did he exhort them. Meanwhile Hector called upon the Trojans and
declared that he would fight Achilles. “Be not afraid, proud Trojans,” said he, “to
face the son of Peleus; I could fight gods myself if the battle were one of words
only, but they would be more than a match for me, if we had to use our spears.
Even so the deed of Achilles will fall somewhat short of his word; he will do in
part, and the other part he will clip short. I will go up against him though his
hands be as fire—though his hands be fire and his strength iron.”
Thus urged the Trojans lifted up their spears against the Achaeans, and
raised the cry of battle as they flung themselves into the midst of their ranks. But
Phoebus Apollo came up to Hector and said, “Hector, on no account must you
challenge Achilles to single combat; keep a lookout for him while you are under
cover of the others and away from the thick of the fight, otherwise he will either
hit you with a spear or cut you down at close quarters.”
Thus he spoke, and Hector drew back within the crowd, for he was afraid
when he heard what the god had said to him. Achilles then sprang upon the
Trojans with a terrible cry, clothed in valour as with a garment. First he killed
Iphition son of Otrynteus, a leader of much people whom a naiad nymph had
borne to Otrynteus waster of cities, in the land of Hyde under the snowy heights
of Mt. Tmolus. Achilles struck him full on the head as he was coming on towards

Korean
boasting: 자랑하는, 자랑, 거만. match: 성냥, 시합, 결혼시키다, somewhat: 얼마간, 다소, 어느 정도,
clip: 클립, 자르다, 질주하다, 걸맞다, 혼인, 필적하는 것, 짝지움, 약간.
둘러싸다, 잘라내다, 양털의 분량, 적수, 어울리다, 어울리게 하다, 한쌍 valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
오려내다, 재빠르게 움직이다, 재빠른 중의 한쪽. valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
동작, 쥐다, 클립으로 고정되다. nymph: 아름다운 소녀, 님프, waster: 파치, 파괴자, 낭비자, 살인자,
declared: 공공연한, 숨김 없는, 어린벌레, 님프같은, 강, 애벌레, 황폐시키는 사람, 흠 있는 물건,
공언한, 언명한, 신고한, 선언한. 요정. 불량품, 불량배, 황폐자, 건달.
exhort: 훈계하다, 권고하다, protection: 보호, 보호하는 사람, 보호 woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아,
열심히권하다, 간곡히 타이르다. 무역, 여권, 방어, 보증금, 보호 무역 슬프도다, 고생, 불행.
lookout: 관심사, 감시, 전망, 경계망, 제도, 보호하는 것, 폭력단에
전도, 조망, 망보기, 감시소, 임무. 지불하는 보증금, 통행권.
300 The Iliad

him, %and split it clean in two; whereon he fell heavily to the ground and
Achilles vaunted over him saying, “You be low, son of Otrynteus, mighty hero;
your death is here, but your lineage is on the Gygaean lake where your father’s
estate lies, by Hyllus, rich in fish, and the eddying waters of Hermus.”
Thus did he vaunt, but darkness closed the eyes of the other. The chariots of
the Achaeans cut him up as their wheels passed over him in the front of the
battle, and after him Achilles killed Demoleon, a valiant man of war and son to
Antenor. He struck him on the temple through his bronze-cheeked helmet. The
helmet did not stay the spear, but it went right on, crushing the bone so that the
brain inside was shed in all directions, and his lust of fighting was ended. Then
he struck Hippodamas in the midriff as he was springing down from his chariot
in front of him, and trying to escape. He breathed his last, bellowing like a bull
bellows when young men are dragging him to offer him in sacrifice to the King
of Helice, and the heart of the earth-shaker is glad; even so did he bellow as he
lay dying. Achilles then went in pursuit of Polydorus son of Priam, whom his
father had always forbidden to fight because he was the youngest of his sons, the
one he loved best, and the fastest runner. He, in his folly and showing off the
fleetness of his feet, was rushing about among front ranks until he lost his life, for
Achilles struck him in the middle of the back as he was darting past him: he
struck him just at the golden fastenings of his belt and where the two pieces of
the double breastplate overlapped. The point of the spear pierced him through
and came out by the navel, whereon he fell groaning on to his knees and a cloud
of darkness overshadowed him as he sank holding his entrails in his hands.
When Hector saw his brother Polydorus with his entrails in his hands and
sinking down upon the ground, a mist came over his eyes, and he could not bear
to keep longer at a distance; he therefore poised his spear and darted towards
Achilles like a flame of fire. When Achilles saw him he bounded forward and
vaunted saying, “This is he that has wounded my heart most deeply and has
slain my beloved comrade. Not for long shall we two quail before one another
on the highways of war.”

Korean
achilles: 아킬레스. 꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다,
bellow: 노한 목소리, 울다, 고함을 사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차.
지르다-우는 소리, 큰 소리로 울다, entrails: 내장, 내부.
노호하다, 소 우는 소리, 울부짖는 lineage: 혈통, 부족, 민족, 일렬 정렬,
소리, 큰 소리로 말하다, 크게 울리다. 일렬 정돈.
bellows: 풀무, 주름상자, 폐, 주름 midriff: 횡경막, 횡격막.
상자. navel: 배꼽, 중앙, 중심, 네이블,
breastplate: 가슴받이, 복갑, 거북의 배꼽의.
복갑, 흉패, 가슴걸이로 멘 마구, quail: 메추라기, 기가죽다, 주눅들다,
목걸이 없이 멘 마구. 매력적인 여자, 여자, 기가 죽다.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, sinking: 가라앉음, 내려앉는, 쇠약
가라앉는, 쇠퇴하는, 가라앉는.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
springing: 도약운동, 스프링.
valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다.
vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
 Homer 301

He looked fiercely on Hector and said, “Draw near, that you may meet your
doom the sooner.” Hector feared him not and answered, “Son of Peleus, think
not that your words can scare me as though I were a child; I too if I will can brag
and talk unseemly; I know that you are a mighty warrior, mightier by far than I,
nevertheless the issue lies in the lap of heaven whether I, worse man though I be,
may not slay you with my spear, for this too has been found keen ere now.”%
He hurled his spear as he spoke, but Minerva breathed upon it, and though
she breathed but very lightly she turned it back from going towards Achilles, so
that it returned to Hector and lay at his feet in front of him. Achilles then sprang
furiously on him with a loud cry, bent on killing him, but Apollo caught him up
easily as a god can, and hid him in a thick darkness. Thrice did Achilles spring
towards him spear in hand, and thrice did he waste his blow upon the air. When
he rushed forward for the fourth time as though he were a god, he shouted aloud
saying, “Hound, this time too you have escaped death—but of a truth it came
exceedingly near you. Phoebus Apollo, to whom it seems you pray before you
go into battle, has again saved you; but if I too have any friend among the gods I
will surely make an end of you when I come across you at some other time. Now,
however, I will pursue and overtake other Trojans.”
On this he struck Dryops with his spear, about the middle of his neck, and he
fell headlong at his feet. There he let him lie and stayed Demouchus son of
Philetor, a man both brave and of great stature, by hitting him on the knee with a
spear; then he smote him with his sword and killed him. After this he sprang on
Laogonus and Dardanus, sons of Bias, and threw them from their chariot, the
one with a blow from a thrown spear, while the other he cut down in hand-to-
hand fight. There was also Tros the son of Alastor—he came up to Achilles and
clasped his knees in the hope that he would spare him and not kill him but let
him go, because they were both of the same age. Fool, he might have known that
he should not prevail with him, for the man was in no mood for pity or
forbearance but was in grim earnest. Therefore when Tros laid hold of his knees
and sought a hearing for his prayers, Achilles drove his sword into his liver, and

achilles: 아킬레스.
brag: 자랑하다, 자랑, 허풍떨다,
허풍선이, 흰소리, 자랑꾼,
카드놀이의 일종, 허풍, 자랑거리.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차.
ere: 하기 전에, 오히려.
forbearance: 인내, 관용, 자제, 참음,
보류, 용서.
hand-to-hand: 육박전의.
Korean
headlong: 거꾸로, 곧바로, 성급한, 온, 돌아온.
무모하게, 거꾸로의, 곤두박이의. slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다,
overtake: 갑자기 덮쳐오다, 에 뒤따라 끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
미치다, 만회하다, 뒤떨어진 일 웃기다.
따위를 만회하다, 상회하다, 을 thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고.
뒤따라 잡다, 재난 따위가 unseemly: 꼴사나운, 꼴사납게,
엄습해오다, 차가 추월을 하다, 보기흉한, 부적당한, 보기 흉한, 보기
추월을 하다, 추월하다, 폭풍우 흉하게, 부적당하게.
따위가 엄습해오다. waste: 쇠약해지다, 낭비하다, 낭비,
phoebus: 태양, 태양신, 해, 포이보스. 폐물, 황폐시키다, 황폐한, 낭비되다,
returned: 송환된, 돌려보내진, 돌아 폐물의, 불모의, 쇠약, 찌꺼기.
302 The Iliad

the liver came rolling out, while his bosom was all covered with the black blood
that welled from the wound. Thus did death close his eyes as he lay lifeless.%
Achilles then went up to Mulius and struck him on the ear with a spear, and
the bronze spear-head came right out at the other ear. He also struck Echeclus
son of Agenor on the head with his sword, which became warm with the blood,
while death and stern fate closed the eyes of Echeclus. Next in order the bronze
point of his spear wounded Deucalion in the fore-arm where the sinews of the
elbow are united, whereon he waited Achilles’ onset with his arm hanging
down and death staring him in the face. Achilles cut his head off with a blow
from his sword and flung it helmet and all away from him, and the marrow came
oozing out of his backbone as he lay. He then went in pursuit of Rhigmus, noble
son of Peires, who had come from fertile Thrace, and struck him through the
middle with a spear which fixed itself in his belly, so that he fell headlong from
his chariot. He also speared Areithous squire to Rhigmus in the back as he was
turning his horses in flight, and thrust him from his chariot, while the horses
were struck with panic.
As a fire raging in some mountain glen after long drought—and the dense
forest is in a blaze, while the wind carries great tongues of fire in every
direction—even so furiously did Achilles rage, wielding his spear as though he
were a god, and giving chase to those whom he would slay, till the dark earth
ran with blood. Or as one who yokes broad-browed oxen that they may tread
barley in a threshing-floor—and it is soon bruised small under the feet of the
lowing cattle—even so did the horses of Achilles trample on the shields and
bodies of the slain. The axle underneath and the railing that ran round the car
were bespattered with clots of blood thrown up by the horses’ hoofs, and from
the tyres of the wheels; but the son of Peleus pressed on to win still further glory,
and his hands were bedrabbled with gore.

Korean
axle: 차축, 굴대, 축, 굴대의. 매달기. 웃기다.
backbone: 등뼈, 기골, 분수령, 척추, lowing: 소의 울음소리 음매하고 우는, staring: 응시하는, 야한, 혼란한, 전혀,
근간. 음매하고 우는, 소의 울음 소리. 노려보는.
glen: 협곡, 작은 골짜기, 산골짜기. marrow: 골수, 순수한, 정수, 서양 trample: 짓밟다, 짓밟음, 유린하다,
gore: 삼각형의 헝겊 조각, 응혈, 호박, 원기, 자양이 풍부한 음식. 심하게 다루다, 짓밟는 소리,
찌르다, 흘린피, 무를 달다, 꽂다, 무, oxen: 소의 복수형. 무시하다, 내리 밟다.
삼각형의 토지, 핏덩어리, 엄니로 railing: 난간, 레일, 폭언, 놀림, underneath: 의 밑에, 아래에, 하면,
받다, 에 이음천을 대다. 울타리, 가로장, 울, 욕지거리, 하면에, 낮은.
hanging: 교수형, 임박한, 매달린, 레일재료, 그 자료, 욕설. united: 결합한, 일치된, 합병한,
커튼, 걸린 것, 교살, 내리막, slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다, 협력한, 제휴한, 일심동체의, 단결한.
교수형에 처할, 급경사, 급경사의, 끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
 Homer 303

BOOK XXI

Now%when they came to the ford of the full-flowing river Xanthus, begotten
of immortal Jove, Achilles cut their forces in two: one half he chased over the
plain towards the city by the same way that the Achaeans had taken when flying
panic-stricken on the preceding day with Hector in full triumph; this way did
they fly pell-mell, and Juno sent down a thick mist in front of them to stay them.
The other half were hemmed in by the deep silver-eddying stream, and fell into
it with a great uproar. The waters resounded, and the banks rang again, as they
swam hither and thither with loud cries amid the whirling eddies. As locusts
flying to a river before the blast of a grass fire—the flame comes on and on till at
last it overtakes them and they huddle into the water—even so was the eddying
stream of Xanthus filled with the uproar of men and horses, all struggling in
confusion before Achilles.
Forthwith the hero left his spear upon the bank, leaning it against a tamarisk
bush, and plunged into the river like a god, armed with his sword only. Fell was
his purpose as he hewed the Trojans down on every side. Their dying groans
rose hideous as the sword smote them, and the river ran red with blood. As
when fish fly scared before a huge dolphin, and fill every nook and corner of
some fair haven—for he is sure to eat all he can catch—even so did the Trojans
cower under the banks of the mighty river, and when Achilles’ arms grew weary
with killing them, he drew twelve youths alive out of the water, to sacrifice in
Korean
cower: 움츠리다, 움츠러들다, 어중이떠중이의 집단, 아무렇게나 pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한,
웅크리다, 위축하다. 포개어 쌓다, 선수들이 상의하기 엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히
dolphin: 돌고래, 돌고래무늬, 계선 위해서 스크럼선 뒤에 모이다. 가다.
말뚝, 돌고래자리. immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, tamarisk: 위성류.
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, thither: 저기에, 저쪽에, 저쪽의,
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. 불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 저쪽으로.
hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의, uproar: 소음, 큰소란, 소동, 소란.
여기에. 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람.
huddle: 난잡, 되는대로 해치우다, nook: 피난처, 구석, 외딴곳,
급히 입다, 뒤죽박죽 섞어 모으다, 구석구석진 곳, 숨는 곳, 은신처.
붐비다, 쳐넣다, 밀담, 쌓아 올리다, panic-stricken: 공황에 휩쓸린.
304 The Iliad

revenge for Patroclus son of Menoetius. He drew them out like dazed fawns,
bound their hands behind them with the girdles of their own shirts, and gave
them over to his men to take back to the ships. Then he sprang into the river,
thirsting for still further blood.%
There he found Lycaon, son of Priam seed of Dardanus, as he was escaping
out of the water; he it was whom he had once taken prisoner when he was in his
father’s vineyard, having set upon him by night, as he was cutting young shoots
from a wild fig-tree to make the wicker sides of a chariot. Achilles then caught
him to his sorrow unawares, and sent him by sea to Lemnos, where the son of
Jason bought him. But a guest-friend, Eetion of Imbros, freed him with a great
sum, and sent him to Arisbe, whence he had escaped and returned to his father’s
house. He had spent eleven days happily with his friends after he had come
from Lemnos, but on the twelfth heaven again delivered him into the hands of
Achilles, who was to send him to the house of Hades sorely against his will. He
was unarmed when Achilles caught sight of him, and had neither helmet nor
shield; nor yet had he any spear, for he had thrown all his armour from him on
to the bank, and was sweating with his struggles to get out of the river, so that
his strength was now failing him.
Then Achilles said to himself in his surprise, “What marvel do I see here? If
this man can come back alive after having been sold over into Lemnos, I shall
have the Trojans also whom I have slain rising from the world below. Could not
even the waters of the grey sea imprison him, as they do many another whether
he will or no? This time let him taste my spear, that I may know for certain
whether mother earth who can keep even a strong man down, will be able to
hold him, or whether thence too he will return.”
Thus did he pause and ponder. But Lycaon came up to him dazed and trying
hard to embrace his knees, for he would fain live, not die. Achilles thrust at him
with his spear, meaning to kill him, but Lycaon ran crouching up to him and
caught his knees, whereby the spear passed over his back, and stuck in the
ground, hungering though it was for blood. With one hand he caught Achilles’
knees as he besought him, and with the other he clutched the spear and would

Korean
fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, pause: 휴지, 중지, 단락, 휴지 하다, unawares: 뜻밖에, 알지 못하고,
하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, 머뭇거리다, 지체, 일시적인 중지, 불시에, 모르는 사이에, 모르고,
부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는. 휴지하다, 구절, 일시 중지. 무심히, 부지중에.
happily: 행복하게, 우연히, 운좋게, spent: 다 써버린, 지쳐버린, 산란한. vineyard: 포도밭, 포도원, 활동 범위,
다행하게도. sum: 금액, 합계, 요점, 총계, 절정, 일터.
imprison: 감금하다, 교도소에 넣다, 개략, 요약하다, 이 도, 개요, 합집합, wicker: 채그릇 세공의, 채로 만든,
가두다, 수감하다, 투옥하다, 의 개요를 설명하다. 채그릇세공, 채, 작은 가지로 만든,
교도소에 집어 넣다. twelfth: 제12, 팔월 십이일, 제십일, 작은 가지, 고리버들 세공.
meaning: 의미, 의의, 목적, 저의, 뜻, 열두번째의 것, 열두번째의, 열두도,
의미심장한, 눈초리 따위가 십이분의 한의, 십이분의, 열두번째의
의미심장한. 사람.
 Homer 305

not let it go. Then he said, “Achilles, have mercy upon me and spare me, for I am
your suppliant. It was in your tents that I first broke bread on the day when you
took me prisoner in the vineyard; after which you sold me away to Lemnos far
from my father and my friends, and I brought you the price of a hundred oxen. I
have paid three times as much to gain my freedom; it is but twelve days that I
have come to Ilius after much suffering, and now cruel fate has again thrown me
into your hands. Surely father Jove must hate me, that he has given me over to
you a second time. Short of life indeed did my mother Laothoe bear me,
daughter of aged Altes—of Altes who reigns over the warlike Lelegae and holds
steep Pedasus on the river Satnioeis. Priam married his daughter along with
many other women and two sons were born of her, both of whom you will have
slain. Your spear slew noble Polydorus as he was fighting in the front ranks, and
now evil will here befall me, for I fear that I shall not escape you since heaven
has delivered me over to you. Furthermore I say, and lay my saying to your
heart, spare me, for I am not of the same womb as Hector who slew your brave
and noble comrade.”%
With such words did the princely son of Priam beseech Achilles; but Achilles
answered him sternly. “Idiot,” said he, “talk not to me of ransom. Until Patroclus
fell I preferred to give the Trojans quarter, and sold beyond the sea many of
those whom I had taken alive; but now not a man shall live of those whom
heaven delivers into my hands before the city of Ilius—and of all Trojans it shall
fare hardest with the sons of Priam. Therefore, my friend, you too shall die. Why
should you whine in this way? Patroclus fell, and he was a better man than you
are. I too—see you not how I am great and goodly? I am son to a noble father,
and have a goddess for my mother, but the hands of doom and death
overshadow me all as surely. The day will come, either at dawn or dark, or at the
noontide, when one shall take my life also in battle, either with his spear, or with
an arrow sped from his bow.”
Thus did he speak, and Lycaon’s heart sank within him. He loosed his hold of
the spear, and held out both hands before him; but Achilles drew his keen blade,
and struck him by the collar-bone on his neck; he plunged his two-edged sword

beseech: 간청하다, 탄원하다,
간원하다, 원하다, 청하다.
fare: 음식물, 가다, 먹다, 지내다, 승객,
일어나다, 요금, 여행하다, 대접받다,
운임, 되다.
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
noontide: 전성기, 정오, 정오의.
overshadow: 에 그림자를 던지다,
무색하게 만들다, 그늘지게 하다.
paid: 유급의, 고용된, 지불필의,
Korean
현금으로 치른, 지불이 끝난. suppliant: 탄원하는, 애원하는 듯한,
price: 값, 대상, 대가, 보수, 값을 묻다, 탄원자, 탄원하는 듯한.
가격, 현상, 어떤 희생 치르더라도, two-edged: 쌍날의, 두 가지로
가치귀중한, 희생가치, 귀중한-값을 이해되는.
매기다. whine: 우는 소리, 낑낑거리는 소리,
princely: 왕자에 어울리는, 기품 높은, 낑낑거리다, 애처롭게 울다,
장려한, 왕자의, 왕자같은, 왕자 같은, 우는소리하다, 낑낑거림, 구슬피
왕자답게, 관대한, 기품 놓은, 왕후 울다, 킹킹대는 소리, 흐느끼는 소리,
다운, 왕후의. 우는 소리하다.
slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
306 The Iliad

into him to the very hilt, whereon he lay at full length on the ground, with the
dark blood welling from him till the earth was soaked. Then Achilles caught him
by the foot and flung him into the river to go down stream, vaunting over him
the while, and saying, “Lie there among the fishes, who will lick the blood from
your wound and gloat over it; your mother shall not lay you on any bier to
mourn you, but the eddies of Scamander shall bear you into the broad bosom of
the sea. There shall the fishes feed on the fat of Lycaon as they dart under the
dark ripple of the waters—so perish all of you till we reach the citadel of strong
Ilius—you in flight, and I following after to destroy you. The river with its broad
silver stream shall serve you in no stead, for all the bulls you offered him and all
the horses that you flung living into his waters. None the less miserably shall
you perish till there is not a man of you but has paid in full for the death of
Patroclus and the havoc you wrought among the Achaeans whom you have slain
while I held aloof from battle.”%
So spoke Achilles, but the river grew more and more angry, and pondered
within himself how he should stay the hand of Achilles and save the Trojans
from disaster. Meanwhile the son of Peleus, spear in hand, sprang upon
Asteropaeus son of Pelegon to kill him. He was son to the broad river Axius and
Periboea eldest daughter of Acessamenus; for the river had lain with her.
Asteropaeus stood up out of the water to face him with a spear in either hand,
and Xanthus filled him with courage, being angry for the death of the youths
whom Achilles was slaying ruthlessly within his waters. When they were close
up with one another Achilles was first to speak. “Who and whence are you,” said
he, “who dare to face me? Woe to the parents whose son stands up against me.”
And the son of Pelegon answered, “Great son of Peleus, why should you ask my
lineage. I am from the fertile land of far Paeonia, captain of the Paeonians, and it
is now eleven days that I am at Ilius. I am of the blood of the river Axius—of
Axius that is the fairest of all rivers that run. He begot the famed warrior
Pelegon, whose son men call me. Let us now fight, Achilles.”
Thus did he defy him, and Achilles raised his spear of Pelian ash.
Asteropaeus failed with both his spears, for he could use both hands alike; with

bier: 관대, 관가, 묘.
citadel: 성, 포대, 최후의 거점, 피난처,
도시를 지키는 요새, 요새, 거점.
defy: 도전하다, 무시하다, 반항하다,
거부하다, 허용하지 않다.
gloat: 황홀한 듯이 바라보다, 흡족한
듯이 바라보다.
hilt: 완전히, 칼자루, 자루.
miserably: 비참하게, 불쌍하게,
형편없이, 비참할 만큼, 초라하게,
지독히.
Korean
mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, 잔물결소리, 찰랑찰랑, 파문을
몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, 일으키다.
탄식하다. ruthlessly: 무정하게, 냉혹하게,
perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 무자비하게.
지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, vaunting: 자랑.
말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아,
의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다. 슬프도다, 고생, 불행.
ripple: 웨이브, 잔물결, 잔물결이
일다, 파문, 웅성웅성하는 소리,
삼바디, 물결모양, 잔 물결,
 Homer 307

the%one spear he struck Achilles’ shield, but did not pierce it, for the layer of
gold, gift of the god, stayed the point; with the other spear he grazed the elbow
of Achilles’ right arm drawing dark blood, but the spear itself went by him and
fixed itself in the ground, foiled of its bloody banquet. Then Achilles, fain to kill
him, hurled his spear at Asteropaeus, but failed to hit him and struck the steep
bank of the river, driving the spear half its length into the earth. The son of
Peleus then drew his sword and sprang furiously upon him. Asteropaeus vainly
tried to draw Achilles’ spear out of the bank by main force; thrice did he tug at it,
trying with all his might to draw it out, and thrice he had to leave off trying; the
fourth time he tried to bend and break it, but ere he could do so Achilles smote
him with his sword and killed him. He struck him in the belly near the navel, so
that all his bowels came gushing out on to the ground, and the darkness of death
came over him as he lay gasping. Then Achilles set his foot on his chest and
spoiled him of his armour, vaunting over him and saying, “Lie there—begotten
of a river though you be, it is hard for you to strive with the offspring of Saturn’s
son. You declare yourself sprung from the blood of a broad river, but I am of the
seed of mighty Jove. My father is Peleus, son of Aeacus ruler over the many
Myrmidons, and Aeacus was the son of Jove. Therefore as Jove is mightier than
any river that flows into the sea, so are his children stronger than those of any
river whatsoever. Moreover you have a great river hard by if he can be of any
use to you, but there is no fighting against Jove the son of Saturn, with whom not
even King Achelous can compare, nor the mighty stream of deep-flowing
Oceanus, from whom all rivers and seas with all springs and deep wells proceed;
even Oceanus fears the lightnings of great Jove, and his thunder that comes
crashing out of heaven.”
With this he drew his bronze spear out of the bank, and now that he had
killed Asteropaeus, he let him lie where he was on the sand, with the dark water
flowing over him and the eels and fishes busy nibbling and gnawing the fat that
was about his kidneys. Then he went in chase of the Paeonians, who were flying
along the bank of the river in panic when they saw their leader slain by the
hands of the son of Peleus. Therein he slew Thersilochus, Mydon, Astypylus,
Mnesus, Thrasius, Oeneus, and Ophelestes, and he would have slain yet others,
Korean
bank: 은행, 둑, 쌓아 올리다, 은행과 참조하다, 필적하다, 견주다. slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
거래하다, 퇴적, 재에 묻다, 에워싸다, fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
부제목, 한 줄, 노젓는 자리, 한줄로 하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, therein: 그 속에, 그 점에서, 그
늘어선 노. 부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는. 가운데에.
bend: 구부리다, 굴복시키다, 굽히다, gnawing: 쏠기, 갉기, 쏘는, 괴롭히는, thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고.
굴곡, 주시하다-굽다, 결삭, 경향, 부단한 고통, 근임없는 고통, 갉는, tried: 시험이 끝난, 확실한, 시험을
힘을 쏟다-굽이, 당기다, 기울이다, 가책 갉아먹는, 에일 듯한, 에는 듯한. 마친.
굴복하다. gushing: 넘쳐 나오는, 지나치게 vainly: 헛되이, 자만하여, 공연히,
compare: 비교하다, 비유하다, 비교, 감상적인, 용솟음쳐 나오는, 자랑하여, 뽐내어, 자만심에 부풀어,
맞 견주다, 대조하다, 견줌, 에 솟아나오는, 분출하는, 내뿜는, 헛되어.
비기다, 이나 마찬가지이다, 감정을 과장해서 나타내는. vaunting: 자랑.
308 The Iliad

had%not the river in anger taken human form, and spoken to him from out the
deep waters saying, “Achilles, if you excel all in strength, so do you also in
wickedness, for the gods are ever with you to protect you: if, then, the son of
Saturn has vouchsafed it to you to destroy all the Trojans, at any rate drive them
out of my stream, and do your grim work on land. My fair waters are now filled
with corpses, nor can I find any channel by which I may pour myself into the sea
for I am choked with dead, and yet you go on mercilessly slaying. I am in
despair, therefore, O captain of your host, trouble me no further.”
Achilles answered, “So be it, Scamander, Jove-descended; but I will never
cease dealing out death among the Trojans, till I have pent them up in their city,
and made trial of Hector face to face, that I may learn whether he is to vanquish
me, or I him.”
As he spoke he set upon the Trojans with a fury like that of the gods. But the
river said to Apollo, “Surely, son of Jove, lord of the silver bow, you are not
obeying the commands of Jove who charged you straitly that you should stand
by the Trojans and defend them, till twilight fades, and darkness is over an the
earth.”
Meanwhile Achilles sprang from the bank into mid-stream, whereon the
river raised a high wave and attacked him. He swelled his stream into a torrent,
and swept away the many dead whom Achilles had slain and left within his
waters. These he cast out on to the land, bellowing like a bull the while, but the
living he saved alive, hiding them in his mighty eddies. The great and terrible
wave gathered about Achilles, falling upon him and beating on his shield, so that
he could not keep his feet; he caught hold of a great elm-tree, but it came up by
the roots, and tore away the bank, damming the stream with its thick branches
and bridging it all across; whereby Achilles struggled out of the stream, and fled
full speed over the plain, for he was afraid.
But the mighty god ceased not in his pursuit, and sprang upon him with a
dark-crested wave, to stay his hands and save the Trojans from destruction. The
son of Peleus darted away a spear’s throw from him; swift as the swoop of a
black hunter-eagle which is the strongest and fleetest of all birds, even so did he

bridging: 받침복, 버팀기둥, 교락,
가교, 교량 가설, 연결함.
choked: 메인, 숨막히는, 진저리난,
막힌.
dealing: 관계, 취급, 교제, 거래, 행동,
교섭, 도름.
excel: 능가하다, 뛰어나다, 빼어나다.
hiding: 매질, 은닉, 은닉처, 은신처,
후려갈김, 숨김, 숨는 곳.
mercilessly: 무자비하게, 무정하게.
pent: 다섯의 뜻의 결합사, 갇힌.
Korean
pour: 호우, 쏟다, 많이 베풀다, 유출, twilight: 황혼, 여명, 희미한 빛,
퍼붓다, 붓다, 도도히 말하다-흘러 땅거미, 어둑새벽, 어스레하게 밝은,
나오다, 도도히 말하다, 억수같이 여명기, 미광, 어슴푸레한 짐작,
퍼붓다, 억수같이 퍼붓다-유출, 흘러 어스름, 희미하게 비추다.
나오다. vanquish: 정복하다, 에 이기다,
straitly: 엄격하게, 좁게, 답답하게. 극복하다, 이기다.
swoop: 잡아채다, 위로부터의 습격, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
위에서 와락 덮치다, 급습하다, wickedness: 사악함, 심술궂음, 사악.
움켜잡다, 급습, 내리 덮치다.
torrent: 연발, 분류, 억수같이 쏟아짐,
억수, 급류.
 Homer 309

spring forward, and the armour rang loudly about his breast. He fled on in front,
but the river with a loud roar came tearing after. As one who would water his
garden leads a stream from some fountain over his plants, and all his ground-
spade in hand he clears away the dams to free the channels, and the little stones
run rolling round and round with the water as it goes merrily down the bank
faster than the man can follow—even so did the river keep catching up with
Achilles albeit he was a fleet runner, for the gods are stronger than men. As often
as he would strive to stand his ground, and see whether or no all the gods in
heaven were in league against him, so often would the mighty wave come
beating down upon his shoulders, and be would have to keep flying on and on in
great dismay; for the angry flood was tiring him out as it flowed past him and
ate the ground from under his feet.%
Then the son of Peleus lifted up his voice to heaven saying, “Father Jove, is
there none of the gods who will take pity upon me, and save me from the river? I
do not care what may happen to me afterwards. I blame none of the other
dwellers on Olympus so severely as I do my dear mother, who has beguiled and
tricked me. She told me I was to fall under the walls of Troy by the flying arrows
of Apollo; would that Hector, the best man among the Trojans, might there slay
me; then should I fall a hero by the hand of a hero; whereas now it seems that I
shall come to a most pitiable end, trapped in this river as though I were some
swineherd’s boy, who gets carried down a torrent while trying to cross it during
a storm.”
As soon as he had spoken thus, Neptune and Minerva came up to him in the
likeness of two men, and took him by the hand to reassure him. Neptune spoke
first. “Son of Peleus,” said he, “be not so exceeding fearful; we are two gods,
come with Jove’s sanction to assist you, I, and Pallas Minerva. It is not your fate
to perish in this river; he will abate presently as you will see; moreover we
strongly advise you, if you will be guided by us, not to stay your hand from
fighting till you have pent the Trojan host within the famed walls of Ilius—as
many of them as may escape. Then kill Hector and go back to the ships, for we
will vouchsafe you a triumph over him.”

Korean
abate: 덜다, 내리다, 할인하다, 사내아이, 남자, 젊은이, 애인, 아들, 참가자, 연맹 국가.
누구러지다, 누그러뜨리다, 사환. merrily: 즐겁게, 명랑하게, 흥겹게.
누그러지다, 줄다 약해지다, catching: 전염성의, 전염하는, 마음을 reassure: 재보증하다, 안심시키다,
중지하다, 감소시키다, 배제하다. 빼앗는, 매력있는, 매력 있는 것. 다시 자신을 갖게하다, 다시 용기를
albeit: 에도 불구하고, 임에도 channels: 채널. 내게 하다, 에게 힘을 북돋우다.
불구하고. exceeding: 대단한, 굉장한, 엄청난, sanction: 재가, 제재, 지지, 인가,
assist: 거들다, 돕다, 포살, 과도한. 국제적 제제, 상벌, 인가하다, 제재
참석하다조력, 조수 의 일을 leads: 지붕을 잇는데 쓰는 함석. 규정을 두다, 법의 강제력, 재가하다.
맡아보다, 원조, 참석하다, 원조하다, league: 동맹, 리그, 연맹, 맹약, 신성 severely: 수수한, 간소한, 격렬한,
조력. 동맹, 동맹하다, 경기 연맹, 연맹 엄밀한, 군더더기 없는, 엄숙한, 호된,
boy: 소년, 남학생, 녀석, 보이, 급사, 단체, 야구 따위 경기 연맹, 연맹 중한, 심하게, 간소하게, 엄하게.
310 The Iliad

When%they had so said they went back to the other immortals, but Achilles
strove onward over the plain, encouraged by the charge the gods had laid upon
him. All was now covered with the flood of waters, and much goodly armour of
the youths that had been slain was rifting about, as also many corpses, but he
forced his way against the stream, speeding right onwards, nor could the broad
waters stay him, for Minerva had endowed him with great strength.
Nevertheless Scamander did not slacken in his pursuit, but was still more
furious with the son of Peleus. He lifted his waters into a high crest and cried
aloud to Simois saying, “Dear brother, let the two of us unite to save this man, or
he will sack the mighty city of King Priam, and the Trojans will not hold out
against him. Help me at once; fill your streams with water from their sources,
rouse all your torrents to a fury; raise your wave on high, and let snags and
stones come thundering down you that we may make an end of this savage
creature who is now lording it as though he were a god. Nothing shall serve him
longer, not strength nor comeliness, nor his fine armour, which forsooth shall
soon be lying low in the deep waters covered over with mud. I will wrap him in
sand, and pour tons of shingle round him, so that the Achaeans shall not know
how to gather his bones for the silt in which I shall have hidden him, and when
they celebrate his funeral they need build no barrow.”
On this he upraised his tumultuous flood high against Achilles, seething as it
was with foam and blood and the bodies of the dead. The dark waters of the
river stood upright and would have overwhelmed the son of Peleus, but Juno,
trembling lest Achilles should be swept away in the mighty torrent, lifted her
voice on high and called out to Vulcan her son. “Crook-foot,” she cried, “my
child, be up and doing, for I deem it is with you that Xanthus is fain to fight; help
us at once, kindle a fierce fire; I will then bring up the west and the white south
wind in a mighty hurricane from the sea, that shall bear the flames against the
heads and armour of the Trojans and consume them, while you go along the
banks of Xanthus burning his trees and wrapping him round with fire. Let him
not turn you back neither by fair words nor foul, and slacken not till I shout and
tell you. Then you may stay your flames.”

Korean
celebrate: 찬양하다, 거행하다, 용솟음치는, 심한, 속이 끓어 오르는, 늘어지다, 게을리하다, 감소시키다,
기념일을 축하하다, 세상에 알리다, 비등하는소용돌이치는, 동요하는, 늦어지다.
축제 기분에 젖다, 축하하다, 들끓는. tumultuous: 떠들썩한, 혼란한,
찬미하다, 축하, 칭찬, 유명한, 식을 shingle: 지붕널, 조약돌, 치깎기, 흥분한, 동요한.
올려 기념하다. 두들기고 압축시켜 슬래그를 unite: 결합하다, 일치하다, 하나로
consume: 소비하다, 다하다, 제거하다, 지붕널로 이다, 작은 간판, 하다, 결혼시키다, 겸비하다, 일치
소멸하다, 소멸시키다, 바싹 여위게 연철 조각, 싱글 컷, 두들기고 시키다, 하나로 되다, 합병하다,
하다, 소비되다, 마음을 좀먹다, 압축시켜 불순물을 제거하다, 싱글 결혼하다, 제휴하다, 맞잡다.
다써버리다, 다 먹어버리다, 컷으로 하다. wrap: 싸다, 두르다, 가리다, 몸을 싸는
소모하다, 낭비하다. silt: 침니, 미사, 막다. 것, 어깨 두르개, 감싸다, 끝내다,
seething: 격렬한, 혹독한, 펄펄 끓는, slacken: 느슨해지다, 늦추다, 휩싸이다, 감기다, 감추다, 구속.
 Homer 311

On this Vulcan kindled a fierce fire, which broke out first upon the plain and
burned the many dead whom Achilles had killed and whose bodies were lying
about in great numbers; by this means the plain was dried and the flood stayed.
As the north wind, blowing on an orchard that has been sodden with autumn
rain, soon dries it, and the heart of the owner is glad—even so the whole plain
was dried and the dead bodies were consumed. Then he turned tongues of fire
on to the river. He burned the elms the willows and the tamarisks, the lotus also,
with the rushes and marshy herbage that grew abundantly by the banks of the
river. The eels and fishes that go darting about everywhere in the water, these,
too, were sorely harassed by the flames that cunning Vulcan had kindled, and
the river himself was scalded, so that he spoke saying, “Vulcan, there is no god
can hold his own against you. I cannot fight you when you flare out your flames
in this way; strive with me no longer. Let Achilles drive the Trojans out of city
immediately. What have I to do with quarrelling and helping people?”%
He was boiling as he spoke, and all his waters were seething. As a cauldron
upon a large fire boils when it is melting the lard of some fatted hog, and the
lard keeps bubbling up all over when the dry faggots blaze under it—even so
were the goodly waters of Xanthus heated with the fire till they were boiling. He
could flow no longer but stayed his stream, so afflicted was he by the blasts of
fire which cunning Vulcan had raised. Then he prayed to Juno and besought her
saying, “Juno, why should your son vex my stream with such especial fury? I am
not so much to blame as all the others are who have been helping the Trojans. I
will leave off, since you so desire it, and let son leave off also. Furthermore I
swear never again will I do anything to save the Trojans from destruction, not
even when all Troy is burning in the flames which the Achaeans will kindle.”
As soon as Juno heard this she said to her son Vulcan, “Son Vulcan, hold now
your flames; we ought not to use such violence against a god for the sake of
mortals.”
When she had thus spoken Vulcan quenched his flames, and the river went
back once more into his own fair bed.

Korean
abundantly: 남아돌 정도의. 윤색하다, 윤색하다, 라드, 돼지 비계 scalded: 끓는.
afflicted: 괴로워하는, 고민하는. 혹은 베이컨 조각을 끼워 넣다, 고기 sodden: 설구워진, 술에 젖은, 잠그다,
fatted: 살찌운. 따위에 돼지 비계 혹은 베이컨 조각을 얼빠진, 잠기다, 물기를 빨아들여
heated: 격한, 뜨거워진, 흥분, 가열된, 끼워 넣다, 문장 따위를 윤색하다. 무거운, 흠뻑 젖은, 술에 젖게 하다,
흥분한. marshy: 늪의, 소택이 많은, 늪 같은, 무표정한, 말랑말랑 해지다, 적시다.
herbage: 목초, 초본류, 방목권, 풀. 늪 습지대의, 늪 습지의, 늪에서 나는, vex: 성나게 하다, 짜증나게하다, 을
immediately: 곧, 즉시로, 직접, 즉시, 늪이 많은. 분해하다, 뒤흔들리게 하다,
바로 가까이에, 인접하여, 곧장, 즉각, melting: 녹는, 감상적인, 감동적인, 동요시키다, 괴롭히다, 초조하게
하자마자, 바로. 용해, 융해, 녹기 시작한, 녹기시작한, 하다, 격랑이 일게 하다.
lard: 돼지기름을 바르다, 돼지기름, 누그러지게 하는, 부드러운, 상냥한,
돼지기름을바르다, 이야기 따위를 감동시키는.
312 The Iliad

Xanthus was now beaten, so these two left off fighting, for Juno stayed them
though she was still angry; but a furious quarrel broke out among the other gods,
for they were of divided counsels. They fell on one another with a mighty
uproar—earth groaned, and the spacious firmament rang out as with a blare of
trumpets. Jove heard as he was sitting on Olympus, and laughed for joy when he
saw the gods coming to blows among themselves. They were not long about
beginning, and Mars piercer of shields opened the battle. Sword in hand he
sprang at once upon Minerva and reviled her. “Why, vixen,” said he, “have you
again set the gods by the ears in the pride and haughtiness of your heart? Have
you forgotten how you set Diomed son of Tydeus on to wound me, and yourself
took visible spear and drove it into me to the hurt of my fair body? You shall
now suffer for what you then did to me.”%
As he spoke he struck her on the terrible tasselled aegis—so terrible that not
even can Jove’s lightning pierce it. Here did murderous Mars strike her with his
great spear. She drew back and with her strong hand seized a stone that was
lying on the plain—great and rugged and black—which men of old had set for
the boundary of a field. With this she struck Mars on the neck, and brought him
down. Nine roods did he cover in his fall, and his hair was all soiled in the dust,
while his armour rang rattling round him. But Minerva laughed and vaunted
over him saying, “Idiot, have you not learned how far stronger I am than you,
but you must still match yourself against me? Thus do your mother’s curses now
roost upon you, for she is angry and would do you mischief because you have
deserted the Achaeans and are helping the Trojans.”
She then turned her two piercing eyes elsewhere, whereon Jove’s daughter
Venus took Mars by the hand and led him away groaning all the time, for it was
only with great difficulty that he had come to himself again. When Queen Juno
saw her, she said to Minerva, “Look, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove,
unweariable, that vixen Venus is again taking Mars through the crowd out of the
battle; go after her at once.”
Thus she spoke. Minerva sped after Venus with a will, and made at her,
striking her on the bosom with her strong hand so that she fell fainting to the

Korean
blare: 외치는소리치는 소리, 외치다, firmament: 창공, 하늘. 들다, 닭장, 숙소, 휴식소를 마련해
울다-울리다-울림, 울리는 소리, haughtiness: 오만. 주다, 침실, 침상.
울려 터지다, 요란하게 울리다, 요염, jove: 천만에, 맹세코, 목성, 주피터. spacious: 넓찍한, 넓은, 드넓은.
울다, 울리다, 울림, 쾅쾅 울리다. learned: 학구적인, 학식 있는, 학자의, vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
boundary: 경계, 한계, 경계선 타에 학문상의, 학문이 있는, 학식이 있는. visible: 눈에 보이는, 명백한, 면회할
의한 득점, 경계선, 경계선 타. piercer: -하는 사람, 곤충의 산란관, 수 있는, 눈에 보이는 것, 방문자를
elsewhere: 어딘가딴곳에, 어떤 꿰뚫는 사람, 찌르는 사람, 찌르는 것, 면회할 수 있는, 빈번하게 뉴스에
딴곳으로, 어떤 딴곳에, 어떤 날카로운 눈, 꿰뚫는 것, 구멍 뚫는 나오는, 곧 쓸 수 있는, 시각적으로
딴곳에서. 기구, 곤충의 방란관, 방란관. 표시된.
fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, roost: 홰, 잠자리, 휴식처, 홰에 앉은 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
기철의, 의기소침. 한 떼의 새, 홰에 앉다, 보금자리에
 Homer 313

ground, and there they both lay stretched at full length. Then Minerva vaunted
over her saying, “May all who help the Trojans against the Argives prove just as
redoubtable and stalwart as Venus did when she came across me while she was
helping Mars. Had this been so, we should long since have ended the war by
sacking the strong city of Ilius.”%
Juno smiled as she listened. Meanwhile King Neptune turned to Apollo
saying, “Phoebus, why should we keep each other at arm’s length? it is not well,
now that the others have begun fighting; it will be disgraceful to us if we return
to Jove’s bronze-floored mansion on Olympus without having fought each other;
therefore come on, you are the younger of the two, and I ought not to attack you,
for I am older and have had more experience. Idiot, you have no sense, and
forget how we two alone of all the gods fared hardly round about Ilius when we
came from Jove’s house and worked for Laomedon a whole year at a stated wage
and he gave us his orders. I built the Trojans the wall about their city, so wide
and fair that it might be impregnable, while you, Phoebus, herded cattle for him
in the dales of many valleyed Ida. When, however, the glad hours brought round
the time of payment, mighty Laomedon robbed us of all our hire and sent us off
with nothing but abuse. He threatened to bind us hand and foot and sell us over
into some distant island. He tried, moreover, to cut off the ears of both of us, so
we went away in a rage, furious about the payment he had promised us, and yet
withheld; in spite of all this, you are now showing favour to his people, and will
not join us in compassing the utter ruin of the proud Trojans with their wives
and children.”
And King Apollo answered, “Lord of the earthquake, you would have no
respect for me if I were to fight you about a pack of miserable mortals, who come
out like leaves in summer and eat the fruit of the field, and presently fall lifeless
to the ground. Let us stay this fighting at once and let them settle it among
themselves.”
He turned away as he spoke, for he would lay no hand on the brother of his
own father. But his sister the huntress Diana, patroness of wild beasts, was very
angry with him and said, “So you would fly, Far-Darter, and hand victory over

abuse: 남용, 학대, 남용하다,
학대하다, 악습, 악용하다, 욕하다,
욕, 악용, 욕하다.악용, 페해.
disgraceful: 수치스러운, 욕된.
hire: 임차료, 고용되다, 세내다,
고용하다, 세놓다, 임대료, 사용료,
임차하다, 임차, 임대하다.
huntress: 여자사냥꾼, 여자 사냥꾼.
idiot: 백치, 바보, 천치, 얼간이, 병신.
lifeless: 죽은, 생명없는, 생명이 없는,
활기가 없는, 생물이 살고 있지 않은.
Korean
patroness: 후원자의 여성형. stalwart: 충실한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 키가
redoubtable: 무서운, 외경스러운, 크고 늠름한 사람, 매우 충실한 사람,
존경할 만한, 당당한, 가공할, 가공할 매우 충실한, 키가 크고 늠름한.
만한. stated: 정해진, 진술된.
sell: 실망, 속이다, 장사하다, 팔리다, vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
속임수, 선전하다, 매진, 납득시키다, wide: 넓게, 헐거운, 폭이 넓은,
배신하다, 초만원, 판매전술. 개구음의, 동떨어진, 멀리, 활짝열린,
settle: 해결하다, 진정시키다, 헐렁헐렁한, 해박한, 엉뚱하게 잘못
가라앉다, 결정하다, 놓다, 식민하다, 짚어, 너른.
자리잡게 하다, 안정시키다, 주다,
결심하다, 이주하다.
314 The Iliad

to%Neptune with a cheap vaunt to boot. Baby, why keep your bow thus idle?
Never let me again hear you bragging in my father’s house, as you have often
done in the presence of the immortals, that you would stand up and fight with
Neptune.”
Apollo made her no answer, but Jove’s august queen was angry and
upbraided her bitterly. “Bold vixen,” she cried, “how dare you cross me thus?
For all your bow you will find it hard to hold your own against me. Jove made
you as a lion among women, and lets you kill them whenever you choose. You
will find it better to chase wild beasts and deer upon the mountains than to fight
those who are stronger than you are. If you would try war, do so, and find out by
pitting yourself against me, how far stronger I am than you are.”
She caught both Diana’s wrists with her left hand as she spoke, and with her
right she took the bow from her shoulders, and laughed as she beat her with it
about the ears while Diana wriggled and writhed under her blows. Her swift
arrows were shed upon the ground, and she fled weeping from under Juno’s
hand as a dove that flies before a falcon to the cleft of some hollow rock, when it
is her good fortune to escape. Even so did she fly weeping away, leaving her bow
and arrows behind her.
Then the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, said to Leto, “Leto, I shall not
fight you; it is ill to come to blows with any of Jove’s wives. Therefore boast as
you will among the immortals that you worsted me in fair fight.”
Leto then gathered up Diana’s bow and arrows that had fallen about amid
the whirling dust, and when she had got them she made all haste after her
daughter. Diana had now reached Jove’s bronze-floored mansion on Olympus,
and sat herself down with many tears on the knees of her father, while her
ambrosial raiment was quivering all about her. The son of Saturn drew her
towards him, and laughing pleasantly the while began to question her saying,
“Which of the heavenly beings, my dear child, has been treating you in this cruel
manner, as though you had been misconducting yourself in the face of
everybody?” and the fair-crowned goddess of the chase answered, “It was your

Korean
ambrosial: 향기로운, 맛있는, 거룩한. 조각. 천국의, 멋진, 천국과 같이.
baby: 젊은 여자, 작은동물, 애인, diana: 달의 여신, 달, 여자 이름, 여자 jove: 천만에, 맹세코, 목성, 주피터.
소녀, 갓난애, 아기, 어린이 용의, 사냥꾼, 다이아나. laughing: 우스운, 기쁜듯한, 웃는,
사람, 갓난아이, 응석 받다, dove: 비둘기, 온유한사람, 비둘기의 웃을, 웃고 있는, 웃을 만한, 웃음.
어린애처럼 다루다. 과거, 순결한 사람, 평화의 사자, quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는,
bragging: 자랑하는 것. 성령. 떨리는.
cheap: 싸게, 값싼, 시시한, 싼, 저리의, falcon: 송골매, 매, 새매. raiment: 의류, 의복.
노력하지 않고 얻은, 값싸게, 할인의, haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다, slayer: 살해자.
값이 싼, 인쇄한, 저속한. 서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함. vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다.
cleft: 갈라진, 쪼개진, 분열, 갈라진 틈, heavenly: 하늘의, 천국 같은, 훌륭한, worsted: 소모사, 소모직물, 털실,
오목한 자리, 단절, 갈라진 금, 쪼개진 천부의, 거룩한, 근사한, 타고난, 털실의, 털실로 만든, 소모사제의.
 Homer 315

wife Juno, father, who has been beating me; it is always her doing when there is
any quarrelling among the immortals.”
Thus did they converse, and meanwhile Phoebus Apollo entered the strong
city of Ilius, for he was uneasy lest the wall should not hold out and the Danaans
should take the city then and there, before its hour had come; but the rest of the
ever-living gods went back, some angry and some triumphant to Olympus,
where they took their seats beside Jove lord of the storm cloud, while Achilles
still kept on dealing out death alike on the Trojans and on their horses. As when
the smoke from some burning city ascends to heaven when the anger of the gods
has kindled it—there is then toil for all, and sorrow for not a few—even so did
Achilles bring toil and sorrow on the Trojans.%
Old King Priam stood on a high tower of the wall looking down on huge
Achilles as the Trojans fled panic-stricken before him, and there was none to help
them. Presently he came down from off the tower and with many a groan went
along the wall to give orders to the brave warders of the gate. “Keep the gates,”
said he, “wide open till the people come flying into the city, for Achilles is hard
by and is driving them in rout before him. I see we are in great peril. As soon as
our people are inside and in safety, close the strong gates for I fear lest that
terrible man should come bounding inside along with the others.”
As he spoke they drew back the bolts and opened the gates, and when these
were opened there was a haven of refuge for the Trojans. Apollo then came full
speed out of the city to meet them and protect them. Right for the city and the
high wall, parched with thirst and grimy with dust, still they fied on, with
Achilles wielding his spear furiously behind them. For he was as one possessed,
and was thirsting after glory.
Then had the sons of the Achaeans taken the lofty gates of Troy if Apollo had
not spurred on Agenor, valiant and noble son to Antenor. He put courage into
his heart, and stood by his side to guard him, leaning against a beech tree and
shrouded in thick darkness. When Agenor saw Achilles he stood still and his
heart was clouded with care. “Alas,” said he to himself in his dismay, “if I fly
before mighty Achilles, and go where all the others are being driven in rout, he

Korean
clouded: 흐린, 혼란된, 침울한, panic-stricken: 공황에 휩쓸린. 창으로 찌르다.
애매한, 구름에 덮힌, 구름무늬의, parched: 목이 마른, 목마른, 구운, spurred: 박차를 단, 쇠발톱이 있는,
구름 모양의, 구름무늬가 있는, 바짝 마른, 볶은, 지면 따위 말라 독촉을 받은, 다그쳐진.
흐릿한, 멍한. 있는, 말라 있는, 목이 칼칼하게 마른. thirst: 갈증, 갈망, 갈망하다, 목마름,
converse: 담화, 교제, 반대, 뒤바뀐, peril: 위험, 위험에 빠뜨리다, 모험. 한잔 마시고 싶다, 목마르다.
전환 명제, 친하게 사귀다, 함께 rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주, toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다,
이야기하다, 역, 거꾸로의, 무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한 올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다,
이야기하다, 회화. 군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 참패 짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을 애써
grimy: 때묻은, 때으로 더러워진, 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰야회. 이룩하다.
더러운, 검댕으로 더럽혀진, 때로 spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지, valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
더럽혀진. 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
316 The Iliad

will none the less catch me and kill me for a coward. How would it be were I to
let Achilles drive the others before him, and then fly from the wall to the plain
that is behind Ilius till I reach the spurs of Ida and can hide in the underwood
that is thereon? I could then wash the sweat from off me in the river and in the
evening return to Ilius. But why commune with myself in this way? Like enough
he would see me as I am hurrying from the city over the plain, and would speed
after me till he had caught me—I should stand no chance against him, for he is
mightiest of all mankind. What, then, if I go out and meet him in front of the
city? His flesh too, I take it, can be pierced by pointed bronze. Life is the same in
one and all, and men say that he is but mortal despite the triumph that Jove son
of Saturn vouchsafes him.”%
So saying he stood on his guard and awaited Achilles, for he was now fain to
fight him. As a leopardess that bounds from out a thick covert to attack a
hunter—she knows no fear and is not dismayed by the baying of the hounds;
even though the man be too quick for her and wound her either with thrust or
spear, still, though the spear has pierced her she will not give in till she has either
caught him in her grip or been killed outright—even so did noble Agenor son of
Antenor refuse to fly till he had made trial of Achilles, and took aim at him with
his spear, holding his round shield before him and crying with a loud voice. “Of
a truth,” said he, “noble Achilles, you deem that you shall this day sack the city
of the proud Trojans. Fool, there will be trouble enough yet before it, for there is
many a brave man of us still inside who will stand in front of our dear parents
with our wives and children, to defend Ilius. Here therefore, huge and mighty
warrior though you be, here shall you die.”
As he spoke his strong hand hurled his javelin from him, and the spear
struck Achilles on the leg beneath the knee; the greave of newly wrought tin
rang loudly, but the spear recoiled from the body of him whom it had struck,
and did not pierce it, for the gods gift stayed it. Achilles in his turn attacked
noble Agenor, but Apollo would not vouchsafe him glory, for he snatched
Agenor away and hid him in a thick mist, sending him out of the battle
unmolested Then he craftily drew the son of Peleus away from going after the

Korean
achilles: 아킬레스. fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히,
commune: 간담, 코뮌, 친교, 성찬을 하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은,
받다, 지방 자치데의 주민, 친하게 부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는.
사귀다하다, 파리혁명정부, 지방 greave: 정강이받이, 정강이 받이.
자치체, 히피 부탁, 중공의 인민 공사, javelin: 창던지기, 창, 던지는 창.
인민공사. leopardess: 암표범.
craftily: 교활하게. pierce: 통찰하다, 감동시키다,
deem: 생각하다, 으로 생각하다. 관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 에스며들다-
evening: 저녁, 밤, 오후, 해질녁, 들어가다, 에 구멍을 뚫다, 돌입하다,
해질녁칭, 만년, 의 밤, 저녁 때, 꿰찌르다, 고함 소시 다위가 날카롭게
저녁의. 울리다, 고함 소리 따위가 날카롭게
울리다, 에 구멍을 둠다.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시.
underwood: 총림, 큰나무 밑에 관목.
unmolested: 평온한, 곤란받지않는.
vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다,
허용하다, 허락하다.
wrought: 만든, 세공한, 가공한, 꾸민,
두들겨 만든.
 Homer 317

host, for he put on the %semblance of Agenor and stood in front of Achilles, who
ran towards him to give him chase and pursued him over the corn lands of the
plain, turning him towards the deep waters of the river Scamander. Apollo ran
but a little way before him and beguiled Achilles by making him think all the
time that he was on the point of overtaking him. Meanwhile the rabble of routed
Trojans was thankful to crowd within the city till their numbers thronged it; no
longer did they dare wait for one another outside the city walls, to learn who had
escaped and who were fallen in fight, but all whose feet and knees could still
carry them poured pell-mell into the town.

apollo: 아폴로, 태양, 아폴로우주선,
미남, 아폴로 우주선, 굉장한 미남자.
chase: 사냥, 추적, 뒤쫓다, 달리다, 홈,
달아나다, 사냥하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다,
쫓아내다, 을 추구하다, 떠나다.
corn: 옥수수, 밀, 티눈, 곡물, 낟알, 못,
귀리, 감상적인 음악, 곡초, 뿔이
있는의 뜻, 소금을 뿌리다.
dare: 도전하다, 위험을 무릅쓰다,
모험적으로 해보다, 감히 ~ 하다,
용기가 있다, 도전, 무릅쓰다.
Korean
escaped: 도망한, 탈주한. 솔직한, 소박한, 평탄한, 단순한,
fallen: 타락한, 쓰러진, 파멸한, 죽은, 예쁘지 않은, 무늬없는, 평지.
떨어진, 전복된. rabble: 무질서한 군중, 뒤죽 박죽된것,
host: 숙주, 주인, 천사의 떼, 군세, 오합지중, 교반봉, 교반봉으로
다수, 많은 떼, 군, 여럿, 호스트역을 휘젓다, 되는 대로 일을 하다, 떼,
맡다, 주최국을 맡다, 주인역을 맡다. 빨리 말하다, 떼를 지어 습격하다,
knees: 무릎. 어중이 떠중이, 와글대는 어중이
pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한, 떠중이.
엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 thankful: 감사하고 있는, 감사의,
가다. 감사하는.
plain: 명백한, 평이한, 쉬운, 보통의,
318 The Iliad

BOOK XXII

Thus%the Trojans in the city, scared like fawns, wiped the sweat from off
them and drank to quench their thirst, leaning against the goodly battlements,
while the Achaeans with their shields laid upon their shoulders drew close up to
the walls. But stern fate bade Hector stay where he was before Ilius and the
Scaean gates. Then Phoebus Apollo spoke to the son of Peleus saying, “Why, son
of Peleus, do you, who are but man, give chase to me who am immortal? Have
you not yet found out that it is a god whom you pursue so furiously? You did
not harass the Trojans whom you had routed, and now they are within their
walls, while you have been decoyed hither away from them. Me you cannot kill,
for death can take no hold upon me.”
Achilles was greatly angered and said, “You have baulked me, Far-Darter,
most malicious of all gods, and have drawn me away from the wall, where many
another man would have bitten the dust ere he got within Ilius; you have robbed
me of great glory and have saved the Trojans at no risk to yourself, for you have
nothing to fear, but I would indeed have my revenge if it were in my power to
do so.”
On this, with fell intent he made towards the city, and as the winning horse
in a chariot race strains every nerve when he is flying over the plain, even so fast
and furiously did the limbs of Achilles bear him onwards. King Priam was first

Korean
battlements: 총 쏘는 구멍이 있는 여기에. quench: 끄다, 억제하다, 풀다, 물에
흉벽. immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, 넣어 식히다, 빛 따위를 없애다,
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, 가열한 것을 물에 넣어 식히다,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 동작을 잃게 하다, 반대자의 입을
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의, 막다, 불 따위를 끄다, 불 따위를
ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람. 없애다, 속력을 잃게 하다.
furiously: 미친듯이 노하여, 맹렬히. intent: 의미, 의지, 열심인, 취지, 목적, stern: 황량한, 엄격한, 고물, 쓸쓸한,
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 의향, 사실상, 열중하여, 집중된, 선미, 굳은, 준엄한, 단호한, 고물
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 여념이 없는, 여념없는. 별자리, 피할 도리가 없는, 엉덩이.
harass: 괴롭히다. malicious: 악의 있는, 속 검은, 적의 thirst: 갈증, 갈망, 갈망하다, 목마름,
hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 있는. 한잔 마시고 싶다, 목마르다.
 Homer 319

to %note him as he scoured the plain, all radiant as the star which men call
Orion’s Hound, and whose beams blaze forth in time of harvest more brilliantly
than those of any other that shines by night; brightest of them all though he be,
he yet bodes ill for mortals, for he brings fire and fever in his train—even so did
Achilles’ armour gleam on his breast as he sped onwards. Priam raised a cry and
beat his head with his hands as he lifted them up and shouted out to his dear
son, imploring him to return; but Hector still stayed before the gates, for his
heart was set upon doing battle with Achilles. The old man reached out his arms
towards him and bade him for pity’s sake come within the walls. “Hector,” he
cried, “my son, stay not to face this man alone and unsupported, or you will
meet death at the hands of the son of Peleus, for he is mightier than you. Monster
that he is; would indeed that the gods loved him no better than I do, for so, dogs
and vultures would soon devour him as he lay stretched on earth, and a load of
grief would be lifted from my heart, for many a brave son has he reft from me,
either by killing them or selling them away in the islands that are beyond the sea:
even now I miss two sons from among the Trojans who have thronged within the
city, Lycaon and Polydorus, whom Laothoe peeress among women bore me.
Should they be still alive and in the hands of the Achaeans, we will ransom them
with gold and bronze, of which we have store, for the old man Altes endowed
his daughter richly; but if they are already dead and in the house of Hades,
sorrow will it be to us two who were their parents; albeit the grief of others will
be more short-lived unless you too perish at the hands of Achilles. Come, then,
my son, within the city, to be the guardian of Trojan men and Trojan women, or
you will both lose your own life and afford a mighty triumph to the son of
Peleus. Have pity also on your unhappy father while life yet remains to him—on
me, whom the son of Saturn will destroy by a terrible doom on the threshold of
old age, after I have seen my sons slain and my daughters haled away as
captives, my bridal chambers pillaged, little children dashed to earth amid the
rage of battle, and my sons’ wives dragged away by the cruel hands of the
Achaeans; in the end fierce hounds will tear me in pieces at my own gates after
some one has beaten the life out of my body with sword or spear-hounds that I
myself reared and fed at my own table to guard my gates, but who will yet lap

Korean
bridal: 신부의, 새색시, 혼례, 혼례의, peeress: 귀족 부인, 여자 귀족, 작위 ransom: 몸값, 속죄하다, 공갈, 의
결혼식. 있는 사람의 부인. 몸값을 요구하다, 의 배상금을
devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 요구하다, 포로의 몸값, 몸값을
개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, 치르고 석방됨, 배상금을 치르고
개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 사람을 되찾다, 사람을 되찾다, 에게
게걸스레 먹다. 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, 몸값을 요구하다, 에게 배상금을
doom: 운명짓다, 운명, 선고하다, 의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다. 요구하다.
죽음, 파멸, 최후의 심판, 재판, radiant: 빛나는, 즐거운 듯한, 광점, short-lived: 단명한, 일시적인.
판정하다, 법령. 빛을 내는, 복사의, 찬란한, 빛을 unsupported: 받쳐지지 않은,
imploring: 애원하는, 탄원의, 발하는, 방사의, 방사점, 방산 분포의, 지지되지 않은.
탄원하는. 방사되는.
320 The Iliad

my%blood and then lie all distraught at my doors. When a young man falls by
the sword in battle, he may lie where he is and there is nothing unseemly; let
what will be seen, all is honourable in death, but when an old man is slain there
is nothing in this world more pitiable than that dogs should defile his grey hair
and beard and all that men hide for shame.”
The old man tore his grey hair as he spoke, but he moved not the heart of
Hector. His mother hard by wept and moaned aloud as she bared her bosom and
pointed to the breast which had suckled him. “Hector,” she cried, weeping
bitterly the while, “Hector, my son, spurn not this breast, but have pity upon me
too: if I have ever given you comfort from my own bosom, think on it now, dear
son, and come within the wall to protect us from this man; stand not without to
meet him. Should the wretch kill you, neither I nor your richly dowered wife
shall ever weep, dear offshoot of myself, over the bed on which you lie, for dogs
will devour you at the ships of the Achaeans.”
Thus did the two with many tears implore their son, but they moved not the
heart of Hector, and he stood his ground awaiting huge Achilles as he drew
nearer towards him. As serpent in its den upon the mountains, full fed with
deadly poisons, waits for the approach of man—he is filled with fury and his
eyes glare terribly as he goes writhing round his den—even so Hector leaned his
shield against a tower that jutted out from the wall and stood where he was,
undaunted.
“Alas,” said he to himself in the heaviness of his heart, “if I go within the
gates, Polydamas will be the first to heap reproach upon me, for it was he that
urged me to lead the Trojans back to the city on that awful night when Achilles
again came forth against us. I would not listen, but it would have been indeed
better if I had done so. Now that my folly has destroyed the host, I dare not look
Trojan men and Trojan women in the face, lest a worse man should say, ‘Hector
has ruined us by his self-confidence.’ Surely it would be better for me to return
after having fought Achilles and slain him, or to die gloriously here before the
city. What, again, if I were to lay down my shield and helmet, lean my spear
against the wall and go straight up to noble Achilles? What if I were to promise

Korean
approach: 접근시키다, 접근하다, den: 굴, 소굴, 작고 아늑한 사실, 밀실, 씨족의 갈라짐, 갈라짐, 곁가지.
아무게이야기를꺼내다, 거의...와 사실, 유년단의 분대. reproach: 불명예, 비난, 질책, 치욕,
같다, 접근, 접근법, 착수하다, 에 distraught: 정신이 돈, 마음이 상한, 꾸짖다, 비난의 말, 비난하다,
다가가다, 착륙진입, 친근책, 에게 몹시 고민한, 마음이 산란한, 정신이 책망하다, 체면을 손상시키다, 망신,
접근하다. 혼란하여, 미친. 의 체면을 손상하다.
bed: 침대, 잠자리, 자다, 취침, implore: 간청하다, 애원하다, ruined: 몰락한, 파멸한, 황폐한, 해를
고정시키다, 강바닥-재우다, 화단에 탄원하다. 입은, 타락한, 멸망한, 파산한.
심다, 숙박, 쌓아 올리다, 판판하게 lean: 의지하다, 야윈, 기대다, 살코기, spurn: 일축, 퇴짜, 자빡, 일축하다,
놓다, 취침 시간. 빈약한, 의 경향이 있다, 지방 없는, 걷어차다, 걷어차기, 쫑아버리다,
defile: 더럽히다, 종대로 행진하다, 수확이 적은, 굽다, 기욺, 기울이다. 쫓아버리다, 딱 거절하다, 차버림,
종대로 시키다, 애로. offshoot: 지맥, 지류, 분지, 파생물, 차다.
 Homer 321

to%give up Helen, who was the fountainhead of all this war, and all the treasure
that Alexandrus brought with him in his ships to Troy, aye, and to let the
Achaeans divide the half of everything that the city contains among themselves?
I might make the Trojans, by the mouths of their princes, take a solemn oath that
they would hide nothing, but would divide into two shares all that is within the
city—but why argue with myself in this way? Were I to go up to him he would
show me no kind of mercy; he would kill me then and there as easily as though I
were a woman, when I had off my armour. There is no parleying with him from
some rock or oak tree as young men and maidens prattle with one another.
Better fight him at once, and learn to which of us Jove will vouchsafe victory.”
Thus did he stand and ponder, but Achilles came up to him as it were Mars
himself, plumed lord of battle. From his right shoulder he brandished his terrible
spear of Pelian ash, and the bronze gleamed around him like flashing fire or the
rays of the rising sun. Fear fell upon Hector as he beheld him, and he dared not
stay longer where he was but fled in dismay from before the gates, while Achilles
darted after him at his utmost speed. As a mountain falcon, swiftest of all birds,
swoops down upon some cowering dove—the dove flies before him but the
falcon with a shrill scream follows close after, resolved to have her—even so did
Achilles make straight for Hector with all his might, while Hector fled under the
Trojan wall as fast as his limbs could take him.
On they flew along the waggon-road that ran hard by under the wall, past
the lookout station, and past the weather-beaten wild fig-tree, till they came to
two fair springs which feed the river Scamander. One of these two springs is
warm, and steam rises from it as smoke from a burning fire, but the other even in
summer is as cold as hail or snow, or the ice that forms on water. Here, hard by
the springs, are the goodly washing-troughs of stone, where in the time of peace
before the coming of the Achaeans the wives and fair daughters of the Trojans
used to wash their clothes. Past these did they fly, the one in front and the other
giving chase behind him: good was the man that fled, but better far was he that
followed after, and swiftly indeed did they run, for the prize was no mere beast
for sacrifice or bullock’s hide, as it might be for a common foot-race, but they ran

Korean
argue: 논하다, 논쟁하다, 논증하다, 아이스크림, 차가움, 쌀쌀함, 보석, 신분, 근거지.
설득하다, 입증하다, 주장하다, 암표 장수가 극장측에 내는 수수료, steam: 힘, 증발하다, 김, 증기, 증기로
논의하다. 얼음판의 얼음, 얼음의. 움직이다, 찌다, 기선 여행, 증기를
clothes: 옷, 침구, 의복, 세탁물, prattle: 수다, 졸졸하는 소리, 쐬다, 원기, 증기을 내다, 김이 서려
빨래감, 범포, 모직물, 검은 성직복, 혀짤배기 소리, 어린애 같이 흐리다.
클로스, 헝겊, 천. 지껄이다, 말을 더듬거리기, 말을 summer: 여름, 여름을 지내다,
common: 보통의, 공동의, 공통의, 더듬거리다. 여름의, 청춘, 하계, 여름철 동안
공중의, 공유권, 평범한, 공약의, resolved: 단호한, 결심한, 깊이 방목하다, 피서하다, 한창때, 나이,
공유지, 종합의, 통성의, 미사 통상문. 생각한, 숙고한, 결의한. 여름 동안 방목하다.
fountainhead: 수원, 근원. station: 역, 위치, 주둔지, 방송국, weather-beaten: 비바람에 단련된,
ice: 얼리다, 얼음, 당의, 다이아몬드, 파출소 방송국, 정거장, 지위, 소, 국, 비바람에 시달린.
322 The Iliad

for the life of Hector. As horses in a chariot race speed round the turning-posts
when they are running for some great prize—a tripod or woman—at the games
in honour of some dead hero, so did these two run full speed three times round
the city of Priam. All the gods watched them, and the sire of gods and men was
the first to speak.%
“Alas,” said he, “my eyes behold a man who is dear to me being pursued
round the walls of Troy; my heart is full of pity for Hector, who has burned the
thigh-bones of many a heifer in my honour, one while on the crests of many-
valleyed Ida, and again on the citadel of Troy; and now I see noble Achilles in
full pursuit of him round the city of Priam. What say you? Consider among
yourselves and decide whether we shall now save him or let him fall, valiant
though he be, before Achilles, son of Peleus.”
Then Minerva said, “Father, wielder of the lightning, lord of cloud and storm,
what mean you? Would you pluck this mortal whose doom has long been
decreed out of the jaws of death? Do as you will, but we others shall not be of a
mind with you.”
And Jove answered, “My child, Trito-born, take heart. I did not speak in full
earnest, and I will let you have your way. Do without let or hindrance as you are
minded.”
Thus did he urge Minerva who was already eager, and down she darted from
the topmost summits of Olympus.
Achilles was still in full pursuit of Hector, as a hound chasing a fawn which
he has started from its covert on the mountains, and hunts through glade and
thicket. The fawn may try to elude him by crouching under cover of a bush, but
he will scent her out and follow her up until he gets her—even so there was no
escape for Hector from the fleet son of Peleus. Whenever he made a set to get
near the Dardanian gates and under the walls, that his people might help him by
showering down weapons from above, Achilles would gain on him and head
him back towards the plain, keeping himself always on the city side. As a man in
a dream who fails to lay hands upon another whom he is pursuing—the one
cannot escape nor the other overtake—even so neither could Achilles come up
Korean
achilles: 아킬레스. elude: 벗어나다, 피하다, 몸을 돌려 따다, 털을 잡아 뽑다, 잡아채다,
behold: 보다. 피하다, 빠져나가다. 현악기의 튕겨 소리내다, 낙제,
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, fawn: 엷은 황갈색의, 새끼사슴, 낙제시키다, 낙제시키다-획 당기다-
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 아첨하다, 재롱떨다, 해롱거리다, 잡아당김.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 엷은 황갈색, 새끼를 낳다, 아양떨다. sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자,
citadel: 성, 포대, 최후의 거점, 피난처, glade: 숲 속의 빈 터, 숲속의 빈 터, 전하, 아비, 낳게 하다.
도시를 지키는 요새, 요새, 거점. 습지, 숲 사이의 빈터. thicket: 덤불, 잡목숲.
decide: 해결하다, 결정하다, heifer: 암소, 어린 암소. topmost: 최고의, 절정의, 최상의.
결심시키다, 결심하다, 결심시키다- hindrance: 방해, 장애, 방해물. tripod: 삼각, 삼각 걸상, 삼각의, 삼각
결심하다결정하다, 결의하다, 판결을 pluck: 잡아당기다, 담력, 용기를 불러 의자, 삼각기, 삼각대, 그 모조품.
내리다. 일으키다, 용기, 꽃과 과일 따위를 valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
 Homer 323

with Hector, nor Hector break away from Achilles; nevertheless he might even
yet have escaped death had not the time come when Apollo, who thus far had
sustained his strength and nerved his running, was now no longer to stay by
him. Achilles made signs to the Achaean host, and shook his head to show that
no man was to aim a dart at Hector, lest another might win the glory of having
hit him and he might himself come in second. Then, at last, as they were nearing
the fountains for the fourth time, the father of all balanced his golden scales and
placed a doom in each of them, one for Achilles and the other for Hector. As he
held the scales by the middle, the doom of Hector fell down deep into the house
of Hades—and then Phoebus Apollo left him. Thereon Minerva went close up to
the son of Peleus and said, “Noble Achilles, favoured of heaven, we two shall
surely take back to the ships a triumph for the Achaeans by slaying Hector, for
all his lust of battle. Do what Apollo may as he lies grovelling before his father,
aegis-bearing Jove, Hector cannot escape us longer. Stay here and take breath,
while I go up to him and persuade him to make a stand and fight you.”%
Thus spoke Minerva. Achilles obeyed her gladly, and stood still, leaning on
his bronze-pointed ashen spear, while Minerva left him and went after Hector in
the form and with the voice of Deiphobus. She came close up to him and said,
“Dear brother, I see you are hard pressed by Achilles who is chasing you at full
speed round the city of Priam, let us await his onset and stand on our defence.”
And Hector answered, “Deiphobus, you have always been dearest to me of
all my brothers, children of Hecuba and Priam, but henceforth I shall rate you
yet more highly, inasmuch as you have ventured outside the wall for my sake
when all the others remain inside.”
Then Minerva said, “Dear brother, my father and mother went down on their
knees and implored me, as did all my comrades, to remain inside, so great a fear
has fallen upon them all; but I was in an agony of grief when I beheld you; now,
therefore, let us two make a stand and fight, and let there be no keeping our
spears in reserve, that we may learn whether Achilles shall kill us and bear off
our spoils to the ships, or whether he shall fall before you.”

Korean
achilles: 아킬레스. 판정하다, 법령.
ashen: 재의, 창백한, 회색의, gladly: 기꺼이, 즐거이, 쾌히.
양물푸레나무, 물푸레나무같은, grovelling: 설설 기는, 넙죽 엎드리는,
물푸레나무의. 굽실거리는.
await: 기다리다, 에 준비되어 있다. henceforth: 차후, 이후, 금후.
dart: 던지는 창, 돌진하다, 발사하다, highly: 높이, 크게, 고도로, 높은
표창, 던지다, 침, 침-던지다, 자리에.
날아가다, 곤충 등의 침, 다트, 던지는 inasmuch: 때문에, 이므로, 인 한은.
살. lest: 을 두려워하여, 하지 않도록,
doom: 운명짓다, 운명, 선고하다, 하지나 않을까 하고.
죽음, 파멸, 최후의 심판, 재판, lust: 육욕, 열망, 색정, 강한 욕망,
갈망, 열망하다, 색욕을 일으키다,
갈망하다.
nerved: 대담한, 신경이..한, 잎맥이
있는, 활기있는.
rate: 세금, 시세, 비율, 가치가 있다,
속도, 지방세, 평가되다, 꾸짖다, 율,
등급, 진도.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시.
324 The Iliad

Thus did Minerva inveigle him by her cunning, and when the two were now
close to one another great Hector was first to speak. “I will-no longer fly you, son
of Peleus,” said he, “as I have been doing hitherto. Three times have I fled round
the mighty city of Priam, without daring to withstand you, but now, let me either
slay or be slain, for I am in the mind to face you. Let us, then, give pledges to one
another by our gods, who are the fittest witnesses and guardians of all
covenants; let it be agreed between us that if Jove vouchsafes me the longer stay
and I take your life, I am not to treat your dead body in any unseemly fashion,
but when I have stripped you of your armour, I am to give up your body to the
Achaeans. And do you likewise.”%
Achilles glared at him and answered, “Fool, prate not to me about covenants.
There can be no covenants between men and lions, wolves and lambs can never
be of one mind, but hate each other out and out an through. Therefore there can
be no understanding between you and me, nor may there be any covenants
between us, till one or other shall fall and glut grim Mars with his life’s blood.
Put forth all your strength; you have need now to prove yourself indeed a bold
soldier and man of war. You have no more chance, and Pallas Minerva will
forthwith vanquish you by my spear: you shall now pay me in full for the grief
you have caused me on account of my comrades whom you have killed in
battle.”
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it. Hector saw it coming and
avoided it; he watched it and crouched down so that it flew over his head and
stuck in the ground beyond; Minerva then snatched it up and gave it back to
Achilles without Hector’s seeing her; Hector thereon said to the son of Peleus,
“You have missed your aim, Achilles, peer of the gods, and Jove has not yet
revealed to you the hour of my doom, though you made sure that he had done
so. You were a false-tongued liar when you deemed that I should forget my
valour and quail before you. You shall not drive spear into the back of a
runaway—drive it, should heaven so grant you power, drive it into me as I make
straight towards you; and now for your own part avoid my spear if you can—
would that you might receive the whole of it into your body; if you were once

Korean
cunning: 교묘한, 교활한, 귀여운, 과도하게 공급하다.
노련한, 멋있는, 숙련, 솜씨, 현명한, inveigle: 유인하다, 꼬드기다,
재간있는, 약삭빠른, 빈틈없음. 비위맞추어, 속이다, 얻어내다, 꾀다.
fashion: 유행, 형, 방법, 종류, prate: 수다 떨다, 쓸 데 없는 말, 수다,
형성하다, 유행아-형성하다, 처럼, 종알종알 지껄이다, 재잘재잘
맞추다, 인기있는 사람, 인기있는 지껄이다.
물건, 상류 사회의 사람들. quail: 메추라기, 기가죽다, 주눅들다,
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 매력적인 여자, 여자, 기가 죽다.
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다,
glut: 포식, 식상, 공급 과잉, 과다, 끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
물리게 하다, 배불리 먹이다, 상품을 웃기다.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시.
unseemly: 꼴사나운, 꼴사납게,
보기흉한, 부적당한, 보기 흉한, 보기
흉하게, 부적당하게.
valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹.
vanquish: 정복하다, 에 이기다,
극복하다, 이기다.
 Homer 325

dead the Trojans would find the war an easier matter, for it is you who have
harmed them most.”%
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it. His aim was true for he hit the
middle of Achilles’ shield, but the spear rebounded from it, and did not pierce it.
Hector was angry when he saw that the weapon had sped from his hand in vain,
and stood there in dismay for he had no second spear. With a loud cry he called
Deiphobus and asked him for one, but there was no man; then he saw the truth
and said to himself, “Alas! the gods have lured me on to my destruction. I
deemed that the hero Deiphobus was by my side, but he is within the wall, and
Minerva has inveigled me; death is now indeed exceedingly near at hand and
there is no way out of it—for so Jove and his son Apollo the far-darter have
willed it, though heretofore they have been ever ready to protect me. My doom
has come upon me; let me not then die ingloriously and without a struggle, but
let me first do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter.”
As he spoke he drew the keen blade that hung so great and strong by his
side, and gathering himself together be sprang on Achilles like a soaring eagle
which swoops down from the clouds on to some lamb or timid hare—even so
did Hector brandish his sword and spring upon Achilles. Achilles mad with rage
darted towards him, with his wondrous shield before his breast, and his
gleaming helmet, made with four layers of metal, nodding fiercely forward. The
thick tresses of gold with which Vulcan had crested the helmet floated round it,
and as the evening star that shines brighter than all others through the stillness of
night, even such was the gleam of the spear which Achilles poised in his right
hand, fraught with the death of noble Hector. He eyed his fair flesh over and
over to see where he could best wound it, but all was protected by the goodly
armour of which Hector had spoiled Patroclus after he had slain him, save only
the throat where the collar-bones divide the neck from the shoulders, and this is
a most deadly place: here then did Achilles strike him as he was coming on
towards him, and the point of his spear went right through the fleshy part of the
neck, but it did not sever his windpipe so that he could still speak. Hector fell
headlong, and Achilles vaunted over him saying, “Hector, you deemed that you

Korean
achilles: 아킬레스. ingloriously: 무명의, 불명예스럽게, spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
brandish: 휘두르다. 창피하게. 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
crested: 볏이 있는. pierce: 통찰하다, 감동시키다, 창으로 찌르다.
fleshy: 살의, 다육질의, 육질의, 살찐, 관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 에스며들다- timid: 겁많은, 수줍어하는,
육욕의, 살집이 좋은, 뚱뚱한, 육체의. 들어가다, 에 구멍을 뚫다, 돌입하다, 머뭇거리는.
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 꿰찌르다, 고함 소시 다위가 날카롭게 vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의.
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 울리다, 고함 소리 따위가 날카롭게 willed: 의 의지가 있는.
headlong: 거꾸로, 곧바로, 성급한, 울리다, 에 구멍을 둠다. windpipe: 기관.
무모하게, 거꾸로의, 곤두박이의. sever: 떨어지다, 절단하다, 단절하다, wondrous: 놀라운, 놀랄만큼, 이상한,
heretofore: 이제 까지, 지금까지, 현재 가르다, 끊다, 떼어놓다, 자르다, 놀랄 만한, 놀랄 만큼.
까지, 지금 까지, 이때까지. 끊어지다.
326 The Iliad

should come off scatheless when you were spoiling Patroclus, and recked not of
myself who was not with him. Fool that you were: for I, his comrade, mightier
far than he, was still left behind him at the ships, and now I have laid you low.
The Achaeans shall give him all due funeral rites, while dogs and vultures shall
work their will upon yourself.”%
Then Hector said, as the life ebbed out of him, “I pray you by your life and
knees, and by your parents, let not dogs devour me at the ships of the Achaeans,
but accept the rich treasure of gold and bronze which my father and mother will
offer you, and send my body home, that the Trojans and their wives may give me
my dues of fire when I am dead.”
Achilles glared at him and answered, “Dog, talk not to me neither of knees
nor parents; would that I could be as sure of being able to cut your flesh into
pieces and eat it raw, for the ill you have done me, as I am that nothing shall save
you from the dogs—it shall not be, though they bring ten or twenty-fold ransom
and weigh it out for me on the spot, with promise of yet more hereafter. Though
Priam son of Dardanus should bid them offer me your weight in gold, even so
your mother shall never lay you out and make lament over the son she bore, but
dogs and vultures shall eat you utterly up.”
Hector with his dying breath then said, “I know you what you are, and was
sure that I should not move you, for your heart is hard as iron; look to it that I
bring not heaven’s anger upon you on the day when Paris and Phoebus Apollo,
valiant though you be, shall slay you at the Scaean gates.”
When he had thus said the shrouds of death enfolded him, whereon his soul
went out of him and flew down to the house of Hades, lamenting its sad fate that
it should enjoy youth and strength no longer. But Achilles said, speaking to the
dead body, “Die; for my part I will accept my fate whensoever Jove and the other
gods see fit to send it.”
As he spoke he drew his spear from the body and set it on one side; then he
stripped the blood-stained armour from Hector’s shoulders while the other
Achaeans came running up to view his wondrous strength and beauty; and no
one came near him without giving him a fresh wound. Then would one turn to
Korean
accept: 받아들이다, 용인하다, 떠맡다, hereafter: 내세에서, 금후, 앞으로, 끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
수락하다, 인수하다, 인정하다, 이후. 웃기다.
해석하다, 순응하다. lament: 비탄, 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다, valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런.
devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, 비가, 애석해 하다. weigh: 무거운 짐이 되다, 무게를
개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, raw: 껍질이 벗겨진, 가공하지 않은, 달다, 닻을 올리다, 울리다, 말을
개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, 미숙한, 날것의, 노골적인, 물타지 음미하다, 몸무게를 달다, 손으로
게걸스레 먹다. 않은, 가공하지 않은 것, 생것, 원료 무게를 헤아리다, 숙고하다,
fit: 적합, 적당한, 준비시키다, 건강한, 그대로의, 버릇없는 사람, 심한. 압박하다, 잘 생각하다, 존중되다.
꼭 맞다, 만듦새, 조달하다, 알맞은, scatheless: 해를 입지 않고, 무난한, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
수험 준비를 하다, 격발, 이야기의 한 무사한, 상처없는, 무사하여. wondrous: 놀라운, 놀랄만큼, 이상한,
구절. slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다, 놀랄 만한, 놀랄 만큼.
 Homer 327

his neighbour and say, “It is easier to handle Hector now than when he was
flinging fire on to our ships” and as he spoke he would thrust his spear into him
anew.%
When Achilles had done spoiling Hector of his armour, he stood among the
Argives and said, “My friends, princes and counsellors of the Argives, now that
heaven has vouchsafed us to overcome this man, who has done us more hurt
than all the others together, consider whether we should not attack the city in
force, and discover in what mind the Trojans may be. We should thus learn
whether they will desert their city now that Hector has fallen, or will still hold
out even though he is no longer living. But why argue with myself in this way,
while Patroclus is still lying at the ships unburied, and unmourned—he whom I
can never forget so long as I am alive and my strength fails not? Though men
forget their dead when once they are within the house of Hades, yet not even
there will I forget the comrade whom I have lost. Now, therefore, Achaean
youths, let us raise the song of victory and go back to the ships taking this man
along with us; for we have achieved a mighty triumph and have slain noble
Hector to whom the Trojans prayed throughout their city as though he were a
god.”
On this he treated the body of Hector with contumely: he pierced the sinews
at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed thongs of ox-hide
through the slits he had made: thus he made the body fast to his chariot, letting
the head trail upon the ground. Then when he had put the goodly armour on the
chariot and had himself mounted, he lashed his horses on and they flew forward
nothing loth. The dust rose from Hector as he was being dragged along, his dark
hair flew all abroad, and his head once so comely was laid low on earth, for Jove
had now delivered him into the hands of his foes to do him outrage in his own
land.
Thus was the head of Hector being dishonoured in the dust. His mother tore
her hair, and flung her veil from her with a loud cry as she looked upon her son.
His father made piteous moan, and throughout the city the people fell to
weeping and wailing. It was as though the whole of frowning Ilius was being

Korean
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 가치, 사막의, 지방의, 쓸쓸한, 불모
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 시대, 불모 지대.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. frowning: 언짢은, 찌푸린 얼굴의,
comely: 적당한, 알맞은, 걸맞는, 찌푸린얼굴의, 험한.
자색이고운, 아름다운, 어울리는, goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가
얼굴이 잘생긴, 미모의, 얼굴이 잘 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
생긴. lashed: 속눈썹이 있는, 속눈썹이 ...한.
contumely: 모욕, 오만 불손, 오만, loth: 싫은, 싫어하여.
무례. neighbour: 동포, 이웃의, 이웃하다,
desert: 버리다, 당연한 응보, 사막, 같은 종류끼리서로 이웃하는 것, 서로
도망하다, 불모의, 상을 받을 만한 이웃하는 것, 이웃 사람.
piteous: 애처로운, 불쌍한.
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
창으로 찌르다.
trail: 기다, 오솔길, 질질 끌리다, 질질
끌다, 점점 사라지다, 자국, 길게
이야기하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, 늘어지다,
밟아서 길을 내다, 발을 끌며 걷다.
unburied: 아직 매장되지 않은,
무덤에서 발굴된.
328 The Iliad

smirched with fire. Hardly could the people hold Priam back in his hot haste to
rush without the gates of the city. He grovelled in the mire and besought them,
calling each one of them by his name. “Let be, my friends,” he cried, “and for all
your sorrow, suffer me to go single-handed to the ships of the Achaeans. Let me
beseech this cruel and terrible man, if maybe he will respect the feeling of his
fellow-men, and have compassion on my old age. His own father is even such
another as myself—Peleus, who bred him and reared him to be the bane of us
Trojans, and of myself more than of all others. Many a son of mine has he slain in
the flower of his youth, and yet, grieve for these as I may, I do so for one—
Hector—more than for them all, and the bitterness of my sorrow will bring me
down to the house of Hades. Would that he had died in my arms, for so both his
ill-starred mother who bore him, and myself, should have had the comfort of
weeping and mourning over him.”%
Thus did he speak with many tears, and all the people of the city joined in his
lament. Hecuba then raised the cry of wailing among the Trojans. “Alas, my
son,” she cried, “what have I left to live for now that you are no more? Night and
day did I glory in you throughout the city, for you were a tower of strength to all
in Troy, and both men and women alike hailed you as a god. So long as you
lived you were their pride, but now death and destruction have fallen upon
you.”
Hector’s wife had as yet heard nothing, for no one had come to tell her that
her husband had remained without the gates. She was at her loom in an inner
part of the house, weaving a double purple web, and embroidering it with many
flowers. She told her maids to set a large tripod on the fire, so as to have a warm
bath ready for Hector when he came out of battle; poor woman, she knew not
that he was now beyond the reach of baths, and that Minerva had laid him low
by the hands of Achilles. She heard the cry coming as from the wall, and
trembled in every limb; the shuttle fell from her hands, and again she spoke to
her waiting-women. “Two of you,” she said, “come with me that I may learn
what it is that has befallen; I heard the voice of my husband’s honoured mother;
my own heart beats as though it would come into my mouth and my limbs

Korean
bane: 독, 파멸, 해, 파멸의 원인. ill-starred: 액운을 타고난. 정기 왕복 열치, 정기 왕복편, 우주선,
beseech: 간청하다, 탄원하다, maybe: 아마, 어찌면. 왕복하다, 좌우로 움직이다, 왕복하는
간원하다, 원하다, 청하다. mire: 진흙, 수렁, 진창, 궁지, 것.
feeling: 느낌, 감각, 촉감, 감수성, 진흙으로 더럽히다, 궁지에 몰아넣다, single-handed: 한 손의, 한 손으로,
동정, 지각, 흥분, 감각이 있는, 진창에 빠지다. 홀로, 단신.
다감한, 느끼는, 감정. rush: 돌진시키다, 돌진, 등심초, tripod: 삼각, 삼각 걸상, 삼각의, 삼각
grieve: 괴롭히다, 괴로워하다, 돌진하다, 골풀, 돌격하다, 쇄도, 의자, 삼각기, 삼각대, 그 모조품.
슬퍼하다, 몹시 슬퍼하다, 가슴 돌격, 하찮은 물건, 쇄도하다, web: 물갈퀴, 거미집, 꾸민 것, 거미줄
아파하다, 농장 관리인, 마음 급행하다. 모양의 것, 한 두루마리의 인쇄용지,
아파하다, 관리자, 슬픔에 잠기게 shuttle: 북, 우주 왕복선, 왕복 운동, 피륙, 한 베틀분의 천, 얇은 금속판,
하다. 정기 왕복 버스, 정기 왕복 비행기, 웹, 거미줄을 치다, 꾀한 것.
 Homer 329

refuse to carry me; some great misfortune for Priam’s children must be at hand.
May I never live to hear it, but I greatly fear that Achilles has cut off the retreat of
brave Hector and has chased him on to the plain where he was singlehanded; I
fear he may have put an end to the reckless daring which possessed my
husband, who would never remain with the body of his men, but would dash on
far in front, foremost of them all in valour.”%
Her heart beat fast, and as she spoke she flew from the house like a maniac,
with her waiting-women following after. When she reached the battlements and
the crowd of people, she stood looking out upon the wall, and saw Hector being
borne away in front of the city—the horses dragging him without heed or care
over the ground towards the ships of the Achaeans. Her eyes were then
shrouded as with the darkness of night and she fell fainting backwards. She tore
the attiring from her head and flung it from her, the frontlet and net with its
plaited band, and the veil which golden Venus had given her on the day when
Hector took her with him from the house of Eetion, after having given countless
gifts of wooing for her sake. Her husband’s sisters and the wives of his brothers
crowded round her and supported her, for she was fain to die in her distraction;
when she again presently breathed and came to herself, she sobbed and made
lament among the Trojans saying, “Woe is me, O Hector; woe, indeed, that to
share a common lot we were born, you at Troy in the house of Priam, and I at
Thebes under the wooded mountain of Placus in the house of Eetion who
brought me up when I was a child—ill-starred sire of an ill-starred daughter—
would that he had never begotten me. You are now going into the house of
Hades under the secret places of the earth, and you leave me a sorrowing widow
in your house. The child, of whom you and I are the unhappy parents, is as yet a
mere infant. Now that you are gone, O Hector, you can do nothing for him nor
he for you. Even though he escape the horrors of this woeful war with the
Achaeans, yet shall his life henceforth be one of labour and sorrow, for others
will seize his lands. The day that robs a child of his parents severs him from his
own kind; his head is bowed, his cheeks are wet with tears, and he will go about
destitute among the friends of his father, plucking one by the cloak and another
by the shirt. Some one or other of these may so far pity him as to hold the cup for
Korean
crowded: 붐비는, 혼잡한, 만원의, 하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, misfortune: 불행, 불운, 재난.
파란 만장의, 다사다난한, 붐비다, 부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는. net: 올가미, 그물, 정가, 함정, 그물을
장소가 가득 차서, 가득 차서. fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, 치다, 정량, 그물로 잡다, 순량, 순익,
dash: 대시, 끼얹다, 단숨에 하다, 기철의, 의기소침. 네트, 에누리 없는 정미.
내던지다, 단거리 경주, 기운, 기미, frontlet: 이마, 이마장식, 제단 정면 reckless: 개의치 않는, 무모한, 분별
기를 꺽다, 허세, 충동, 위세. 휘장 위쪽에 드리우는 길다란 천, 없는, 앞뒤를 가리지 않는.
destitute: 결핍한, 군색한, 빈곤한. 이마 부분을 장식하는 띠, 정면 장식. singlehanded: 한손의, 단독의.
distraction: 기분 전환, 주의 산만, ill-starred: 액운을 타고난. sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자,
정신의 홀어짐, 오락, 광기, 불화, lot: 몫, 구분하다, 운, 제비, 당첨, 전하, 아비, 낳게 하다.
정신이 흩어짐, 마음이 혼란. 추첨, 무리, 패, 한구획의 토지, 많음, woeful: 비참한, 애처로운, 심한,
fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, 대지. 슬픔에 찬, 지독한, 슬퍼할만한.
330 The Iliad

a moment towards him and let him moisten his lips, but he must not drink
enough to wet the roof of his mouth; then one whose parents are alive will drive
him from the table with blows and angry words. ‘Out with you,’ he will say, ‘you
have no father here,’ and the child will go crying back to his widowed mother—
he, Astyanax, who erewhile would sit upon his father’s knees, and have none
but the daintiest and choicest morsels set before him. When he had played till he
was tired and went to sleep, he would lie in a bed, in the arms of his nurse, on a
soft couch, knowing neither want nor care, whereas now that he has lost his
father his lot will be full of hardship—he, whom the Trojans name Astyanax,
because you, O Hector, were the only defence of their gates and battlements. The
wriggling writhing worms will now eat you at the ships, far from your parents,
when the dogs have glutted themselves upon you. You will lie naked, although
in your house you have fine and goodly raiment made by hands of women. This
will I now burn; it is of no use to you, for you can never again wear it, and thus
you will have respect shown you by the Trojans both men and women.”%
In such wise did she cry aloud amid her tears, and the women joined in her
lament.

Korean
aloud: 큰 소리로, 똑똑히, 소리 내어. 시술하다, 띄우다, 쌓이다, 말로 축축하게 하다, 습기차다.
amid: 의 한 복판에, 의 한가운데에, 표현하다, 못자리, 잠복하다, 누이다, naked: 적나라한, 벌거벗은, 잎이
이 한창일 때, 한창 한는 중에, 침석, 휴식처. 없는, 무방비의, 있는 그대로의,
복판에, 의 한복판에, 한창 때에. crying: 외치는, 긴급한, 울부짖는, 꾸밈없는, 안경등에 의존하지 않은,
battlements: 총 쏘는 구멍이 있는 심한, 좌시할 수없는, 지독한. 벌거숭이의, 드러난, 나체의, 가리개
흉벽. erewhile: 조금전에. 없는.
burn: 개울, 태우다, 열중하다, goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 raiment: 의류, 의복.
산화시키다, 화끈거리다, 그슬리다, 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. widowed: 과부가 된, 미망인이 된.
흥분하다, 시내, 소작하다, 불에데다, lament: 비탄, 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다,
내리 쬐다. 비가, 애석해 하다.
couch: 침상, 눕다, 초자체 전위를 moisten: 습하게 하다, 적시다,
 Homer 331

BOOK XXIII

Thus%did they make their moan throughout the city, while the Achaeans
when they reached the Hellespont went back every man to his own ship. But
Achilles would not let the Myrmidons go, and spoke to his brave comrades
saying, “Myrmidons, famed horsemen and my own trusted friends, not yet,
forsooth, let us unyoke, but with horse and chariot draw near to the body and
mourn Patroclus, in due honour to the dead. When we have had full comfort of
lamentation we will unyoke our horses and take supper all of us here.”
On this they all joined in a cry of wailing and Achilles led them in their
lament. Thrice did they drive their chariots all sorrowing round the body, and
Thetis stirred within them a still deeper yearning. The sands of the seashore and
the men’s armour were wet with their weeping, so great a minister of fear was he
whom they had lost. Chief in all their mourning was the son of Peleus: he laid
his bloodstained hand on the breast of his friend. “Fare well,” he cried,
“Patroclus, even in the house of Hades. I will now do all that I erewhile
promised you; I will drag Hector hither and let dogs devour him raw; twelve
noble sons of Trojans will I also slay before your pyre to avenge you.”
As he spoke he treated the body of noble Hector with contumely, laying it at
full length in the dust beside the bier of Patroclus. The others then put off every
man his armour, took the horses from their chariots, and seated themselves in

Korean
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, 게걸스레 먹다.
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, erewhile: 조금전에.
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 famed: 유명한, 유명하게 하는.
하다. forsooth: 정말, 참말이지.
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘. hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로,
bloodstained: 살인을 한, 피묻은. 여기에.
contumely: 모욕, 오만 불손, 오만, lament: 비탄, 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다,
무례. 비가, 애석해 하다.
devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야
개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, 애가.
개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, mourning: 상, 애도, 슬픔, 상복, 비탄.
pyre: 화장용의 장작더미, 장작더미.
seashore: 해안, 해변, 해안의, 해변의.
slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다,
끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
웃기다.
thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고.
unyoke: 멍에를 벗기다, 떼다,
분리하다, 속박을 풀다, 분리시키다,
일을 그만두다.
332 The Iliad

great multitude by the ship of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, who thereon
feasted them with an abundant funeral banquet. Many a goodly ox, with many a
sheep and bleating goat did they butcher and cut up; many a tusked boar
moreover, fat and well-fed, did they singe and set to roast in the flames of
Vulcan; and rivulets of blood flowed all round the place where the body was
lying.%
Then the princes of the Achaeans took the son of Peleus to Agamemnon, but
hardly could they persuade him to come with them, so wroth was he for the
death of his comrade. As soon as they reached Agamemnon’s tent they told the
serving-men to set a large tripod over the fire in case they might persuade the
son of Peleus to wash the clotted gore from this body, but he denied them
sternly, and swore it with a solemn oath, saying, “Nay, by King Jove, first and
mightiest of all gods, it is not meet that water should touch my body, till I have
laid Patroclus on the flames, have built him a barrow, and shaved my head—for
so long as I live no such second sorrow shall ever draw nigh me. Now, therefore,
let us do all that this sad festival demands, but at break of day, King
Agamemnon, bid your men bring wood, and provide all else that the dead may
duly take into the realm of darkness; the fire shall thus burn him out of our sight
the sooner, and the people shall turn again to their own labours.”
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. They made haste to
prepare the meal, they ate, and every man had his full share so that all were
satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, the others went to
their rest each in his own tent, but the son of Peleus lay grieving among his
Myrmidons by the shore of the sounding sea, in an open place where the waves
came surging in one after another. Here a very deep slumber took hold upon
him and eased the burden of his sorrows, for his limbs were weary with chasing
Hector round windy Ilius. Presently the sad spirit of Patroclus drew near him,
like what he had been in stature, voice, and the light of his beaming eyes, clad,
too, as he had been clad in life. The spirit hovered over his head and said—
“You sleep, Achilles, and have forgotten me; you loved me living, but now
that I am dead you think for me no further. Bury me with all speed that I may

Korean
abundant: 풍족한, 남아돌 종도의, clotted: 응고한, 순전한, 전적인, 엉긴.
풍요로운, 풍부한. goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가
beaming: 빛나는, 기쁨에 넘친, 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
명랑한, 밝은, 희색이 만면한, 밝은 nigh: 인색한, 가까운, 근친의, 바람을
표정의, 화기가 도는. 옆으로 받으며, 아주 비슷한,
bleating: 울음소리, 우는 소리. 아슬아슬한, 시간적으로 가까이, 시간
butcher: 도살하다, 판매원, 학살자, 따위 가까운, 이해 관계가 깊은,
학살하다, 도살업자, 외과의사, 권투 왼쪽인, 정밀하게.
선수, 푸주한. shaved: 불필요한 부품, 액세서리를 떼
clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을 낸.
입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다. singe: 실패하다, 털을 그스르다, 태워
그스르다, 탐, 눌음, 털을 태워
없애다, 그을음, 그을다, 의 표면을
태우다.
slumber: 휴지하다, 잠, 잠자다,
잠자면서 보내다, 활동을 쉬다,
무기력 상태, 혼수 상태.
well-fed: 살찐, 영양이 충분한.
wroth: 노하여, 사납게 날뛰는,
격노하여.
 Homer 333

pass the gates of Hades; the ghosts, vain shadows of men that can labour no
more, drive me away from them; they will not yet suffer me to join those that are
beyond the river, and I wander all desolate by the wide gates of the house of
Hades. Give me now your hand I pray you, for when you have once given me
my dues of fire, never shall I again come forth out of the house of Hades.
Nevermore shall we sit apart and take sweet counsel among the living; the cruel
fate which was my birth-right has yawned its wide jaws around me—nay, you
too Achilles, peer of gods, are doomed to die beneath the wall of the noble
Trojans.%
“One prayer more will I make you, if you will grant it; let not my bones be
laid apart from yours, Achilles, but with them; even as we were brought up
together in your own home, what time Menoetius brought me to you as a child
from Opoeis because by a sad spite I had killed the son of Amphidamas—not of
set purpose, but in childish quarrel over the dice. The knight Peleus took me into
his house, entreated me kindly, and named me to be your squire; therefore let
our bones lie in but a single urn, the two-handled golden vase given to you by
your mother.”
And Achilles answered, “Why, true heart, are you come hither to lay these
charges upon me? will of my own self do all as you have bidden me. Draw closer
to me, let us once more throw our arms around one another, and find sad
comfort in the sharing of our sorrows.”
He opened his arms towards him as he spoke and would have clasped him in
them, but there was nothing, and the spirit vanished as a vapour, gibbering and
whining into the earth. Achilles sprang to his feet, smote his two hands, and
made lamentation saying, “Of a truth even in the house of Hades there are
ghosts and phantoms that have no life in them; all night long the sad spirit of
Patroclus has hovered over head making piteous moan, telling me what I am to
do for him, and looking wondrously like himself.”
Thus did he speak and his words set them all weeping and mourning about
the poor dumb dead, till rosy-fingered morn appeared. Then King Agamemnon
sent men and mules from all parts of the camp, to bring wood, and Meriones,

Korean
childish: 어린애 같은, 유치한, 어린이 dumb: 우둔한, 벙어리의, 말이없는, 끓이개, 유골 단지, 납골 단지에 넣다,
같은, 어른답지 못한, 앳된, 아동의, 말못하는, 무언의, 말문이 막힌, 대형 커피 포트, 납골 단지.
어른이 같은. 아연케 하다, 말문이막힌, 깜작 vapour: 허풍떨다, 증기, 침울,
dice: 주사위, 야채 따위를 골패짝 놀라게 하다, 바보 같다, 소리없는. 증발하다, 부질없는 공상,
모양으로 썰다, 작은 입방체, 주사위 hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 발산시키다.
놀이를 하다, 주사위 노름으로 잃다, 여기에. vase: 꽃병, 병, 단지, 병 장식.
작은 입방체-주사위 놀이를 하다- lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 wondrously: 불가사의하게,
주사위 노름으로 잃다, 주사위꼴로 애가. 놀랄만하게.
자르다, 주사위꼴로 하다, 서양 morn: 아침.
장기판 꼴로 하다, 거절하다, piteous: 애처로운, 불쌍한.
도박해서 잃다. urn: 항아리, 무덤, 납골단지, 커피
334 The Iliad

squire to Idomeneus, was in charge over them. They went out with woodmen’s
axes and strong ropes in their hands, and before them went the mules. Up hill
and down dale did they go, by straight ways and crooked, and when they
reached the heights of many-fountained Ida, they laid their axes to the roots of
many a tall branching oak that came thundering down as they felled it. They
split the trees and bound them behind the mules, which then wended their way
as they best could through the thick brushwood on to the plain. All who had
been cutting wood bore logs, for so Meriones squire to Idomeneus had bidden
them, and they threw them down in a line upon the seashore at the place where
Achilles would make a mighty monument for Patroclus and for himself.%
When they had thrown down their great logs of wood over the whole
ground, they stayed all of them where they were, but Achilles ordered his brave
Myrmidons to gird on their armour, and to yoke each man his horses; they
therefore rose, girded on their armour and mounted each his chariot—they and
their charioteers with them. The chariots went before, and they that were on foot
followed as a cloud in their tens of thousands after. In the midst of them his
comrades bore Patroclus and covered him with the locks of their hair which they
cut off and threw upon his body. Last came Achilles with his head bowed for
sorrow, so noble a comrade was he taking to the house of Hades.
When they came to the place of which Achilles had told them they laid the
body down and built up the wood. Achilles then bethought him of another
matter. He went a space away from the pyre, and cut off the yellow lock which
he had let grow for the river Spercheius. He looked all sorrowfully out upon the
dark sea, and said, “Spercheius, in vain did my father Peleus vow to you that
when I returned home to my loved native land I should cut off this lock and offer
you a holy hecatomb; fifty she-goats was I to sacrifice to you there at your
springs, where is your grove and your altar fragrant with burnt-offerings. Thus
did my father vow, but you have not fulfilled his prayer; now, therefore, that I
shall see my home no more, I give this lock as a keepsake to the hero Patroclus.”
As he spoke he placed the lock in the hands of his dear comrade, and all who
stood by were filled with yearning and lamentation. The sun would have gone

Korean
branching: 가지, 분기, 가지를 내뻗은, hecatomb: 대학살, 큰희생, 황소 백 슬퍼보이는, 가슴아픈.
갈래. 마리의 제물, 다수의 희생. split: 분할, 갈라진, 갈라진 금,
brushwood: 베어낸 작은 나뭇가지, keepsake: 기념품, 유품, 선물용 밀고하다, 분열시키다, 쪼개다, 불화,
숲, 물거리, 잘라 낸 곁가지. 장식책 같은, 선물용 장식책. 균열, 쪼개진, 반병, 분리.
dale: 골짜기. lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 yearning: 동경, 열망, 포부, 대망,
gird: 조롱, 허리에 차다, 허리띠로 애가. 사모하는, 그리움, 열망하는, 간절한
졸라매다, 주다, 을 허리에 두르다, lock: 자물쇠, 챙겨넣다, 타래, 생각.
몸에 붙이다, 둘러싸다, 조롱하다, 끌어안다, 총기, 한 줌의털, 자물쇠를 yellow: 황색의, 성정적인,
차다, 허리띠로 졸라 매다, 둘러 싸다. 채우다, 제륜장차, 가두다, 질투심많은, 편견을 가진, 피부가
girded: 대비하는, 둘러 싸는, 고착시키다, 자물쇠가 채워지다. 누런, 겁많은, 노래지다, 황색, 의심
조롱하는, 차는, 허리띠로 졸라 매는. sorrowfully: 슬픈, 애처로운, 많은, 노랗다, 질투 많은.
 Homer 335

down%upon their mourning had not Achilles presently said to Agamemnon,

“Son of Atreus, for it is to you that the people will give ear, there is a time to
mourn and a time to cease from mourning; bid the people now leave the pyre
and set about getting their dinners: we, to whom the dead is dearest, will see to
what is wanted here, and let the other princes also stay by me.”
When King Agamemnon heard this he dismissed the people to their ships,
but those who were about the dead heaped up wood and built a pyre a hundred
feet this way and that; then they laid the dead all sorrowfully upon the top of it.
They flayed and dressed many fat sheep and oxen before the pyre, and Achilles
took fat from all of them and wrapped the body therein from head to foot,
heaping the flayed carcases all round it. Against the bier he leaned two-handled
jars of honey and unguents; four proud horses did he then cast upon the pyre,
groaning the while he did so. The dead hero had had house-dogs; two of them
did Achilles slay and threw upon the pyre; he also put twelve brave sons of
noble Trojans to the sword and laid them with the rest, for he was full of
bitterness and fury. Then he committed all to the resistless and devouring might
of the fire; he groaned aloud and called on his dead comrade by name. “Fare
well,” he cried, “Patroclus, even in the house of Hades; I am now doing all that I
have promised you. Twelve brave sons of noble Trojans shall the flames
consume along with yourself, but dogs, not fire, shall devour the flesh of Hector
son of Priam.”
Thus did he vaunt, but the dogs came not about the body of Hector, for Jove’s
daughter Venus kept them off him night and day, and anointed him with
ambrosial oil of roses that his flesh might not be torn when Achilles was
dragging him about. Phoebus Apollo moreover sent a dark cloud from heaven to
earth, which gave shade to the whole place where Hector lay, that the heat of the
sun might not parch his body.
Now the pyre about dead Patroclus would not kindle. Achilles therefore
bethought him of another matter; he went apart and prayed to the two winds
Boreas and Zephyrus vowing them goodly offerings. He made them many
drink-offerings from the golden cup and besought them to come and help him

Korean
ambrosial: 향기로운, 맛있는, 거룩한. 뜨겁게 하다, 따뜻해지다. 마르다.
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘. hundred: 백, 다수, 많은, 많이, 굵은 phoebus: 태양, 태양신, 해, 포이보스.
devouring: 열렬한, 게걸스레 먹는, 설탕, 무수, 백의, 백달러, 백사람, resistless: 저항하지 않는, 불가항력의,
열중시키는, 맹렬한, 사람을 백의 기호, 백야드 경주. 저항할 수 없는, 저항 할 수 없는.
괴롭히는, 탐하듯이. kindle: 타오르게 하다, 빛나다, roses: 장미빛의 안색.
dressed: 요리 준비가 된, 옷을 입은, 점화하다, 불을 붙이다, 밝게 하다, shade: 그늘, 망령, 땅거미, 차양, 색조,
과거분사, 손질을 한. 불이 붙다, 흥분하다, 얼굴 따위가 저승, 그늘지게하다, 색의 뉘앙스,
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 빛나다, 정열 따위를 타오르게 하다, 바림하다, 으로부터 빛을 막다, 어둠.
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 불붙다, 태우다. sorrowfully: 슬픈, 애처로운,
heat: 열, 뜨거워지다, 발정, 노력, parch: 볶다, 타다, 태우다, 바싹 마른, 슬퍼보이는, 가슴아픈.
더위, 흥분, 상기, 열심, 클라이맥스, 바싹 마리다, 바싹 말리다, 바짝 vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다.
336 The Iliad

that%the wood might make haste to kindle and the dead bodies be consumed.
Fleet Iris heard him praying and started off to fetch the winds. They were
holding high feast in the house of boisterous Zephyrus when Iris came running
up to the stone threshold of the house and stood there, but as soon as they set
eyes on her they all came towards her and each of them called her to him, but Iris
would not sit down. “I cannot stay,” she said, “I must go back to the streams of
Oceanus and the land of the Ethiopians who are offering hecatombs to the
immortals, and I would have my share; but Achilles prays that Boreas and shrill
Zephyrus will come to him, and he vows them goodly offerings; he would have
you blow upon the pyre of Patroclus for whom all the Achaeans are lamenting.”
With this she left them, and the two winds rose with a cry that rent the air
and swept the clouds before them. They blew on and on until they came to the
sea, and the waves rose high beneath them, but when they reached Troy they fell
upon the pyre till the mighty flames roared under the blast that they blew. All
night long did they blow hard and beat upon the fire, and all night long did
Achilles grasp his double cup, drawing wine from a mixing-bowl of gold, and
calling upon the spirit of dead Patroclus as he poured it upon the ground until
the earth was drenched. As a father mourns when he is burning the bones of his
bridegroom son whose death has wrung the hearts of his parents, even so did
Achilles mourn while burning the body of his comrade, pacing round the bier
with piteous groaning and lamentation.
At length as the Morning Star was beginning to herald the light which
saffron-mantled Dawn was soon to suffuse over the sea, the flames fell and the
fire began to die. The winds then went home beyond the Thracian sea, which
roared and boiled as they swept over it. The son of Peleus now turned away
from the pyre and lay down, overcome with toil, till he fell into a sweet slumber.
Presently they who were about the son of Atreus drew near in a body, and
roused him with the noise and tramp of their coming. He sat upright and said,
“Son of Atreus, and all other princes of the Achaeans, first pour red wine
everywhere upon the fire and quench it; let us then gather the bones of Patroclus
son of Menoetius, singling them out with care; they are easily found, for they lie

Korean
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘. 불붙다, 태우다. 동작을 잃게 하다, 반대자의 입을
boisterous: 사납게몰아치는, 난폭한, lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 막다, 불 따위를 끄다, 불 따위를
야단법석의, 소란스러운, 사나운, 애가. 없애다, 속력을 잃게 하다.
몹시 거친, 거친. mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, slumber: 휴지하다, 잠, 잠자다,
bridegroom: 신랑. 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, 잠자면서 보내다, 활동을 쉬다,
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 탄식하다. 무기력 상태, 혼수 상태.
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. piteous: 애처로운, 불쌍한. suffuse: 뒤덮다, 채우다.
kindle: 타오르게 하다, 빛나다, pyre: 화장용의 장작더미, 장작더미.
점화하다, 불을 붙이다, 밝게 하다, quench: 끄다, 억제하다, 풀다, 물에
불이 붙다, 흥분하다, 얼굴 따위가 넣어 식히다, 빛 따위를 없애다,
빛나다, 정열 따위를 타오르게 하다, 가열한 것을 물에 넣어 식히다,
 Homer 337

in the middle of the pyre, while all else, both men and horses, has been thrown in
a heap and burned at the outer edge. We will lay the bones in a golden urn, in
two layers of fat, against the time when I shall myself go down into the house of
Hades. As for the barrow, labour not to raise a great one now, but such as is
reasonable. Afterwards, let those Achaeans who may be left at the ships when I
am gone, build it both broad and high.”
Thus he spoke and they obeyed the word of the son of Peleus. First they
poured red wine upon the thick layer of ashes and quenched the fire. With many
tears they singled out the whitened bones of their loved comrade and laid them
within a golden urn in two layers of fat: they then covered the urn with a linen
cloth and took it inside the tent. They marked off the circle where the barrow
should be, made a foundation for it about the pyre, and forthwith heaped up the
earth. When they had thus raised a mound they were going away, but Achilles
stayed the people and made them sit in assembly. He brought prizes from the
ships—cauldrons, tripods, horses and mules, noble oxen, women with fair
girdles, and swart iron.%
The first prize he offered was for the chariot races—a woman skilled in all
useful arts, and a three-legged cauldron that had ears for handles, and would
hold twenty-two measures. This was for the man who came in first. For the
second there was a six-year old mare, unbroken, and in foal to a he-ass; the third
was to have a goodly cauldron that had never yet been on the fire; it was still
bright as when it left the maker, and would hold four measures. The fourth prize
was two talents of gold, and the fifth a two-handled urn as yet unsoiled by
smoke. Then he stood up and spoke among the Argives saying—
“Son of Atreus, and all other Achaeans, these are the prizes that lie waiting
the winners of the chariot races. At any other time I should carry off the first
prize and take it to my own tent; you know how far my steeds excel all others—
for they are immortal; Neptune gave them to my father Peleus, who in his turn
gave them to myself; but I shall hold aloof, I and my steeds that have lost their
brave and kind driver, who many a time has washed them in clear water and
anointed their manes with oil. See how they stand weeping here, with their

Korean
aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한, foundation: 기초, 창설, 근거, 토대,
초연해 있다-초연한. 설립, 보강 재료, 뜨개바탕, 기본금,
cauldron: 가마솥. 파운데이션.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. maker: 조물주, 제조업자, 하느님,
excel: 능가하다, 뛰어나다, 빼어나다. 시인, 만드는 사람, 약속 어음 발행인.
foal: 망아지를 낳다, 망아지, 당나귀의 manes: 조상의 영혼.
새끼, 낳다, 노새의 새끼. mare: 바다, 암말, 암컷, 말 따위의
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 암컷.
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. oxen: 소의 복수형.
pyre: 화장용의 장작더미, 장작더미.
swart: 햇볕에 타게 하는, 유독한,
가무잡잡한, 찰싹 때려 잡다, 찰싹
때림.
three-legged: 다리가 셋인.
unsoiled: 더럽혀지지 않은, 청결한.
urn: 항아리, 무덤, 납골단지, 커피
끓이개, 유골 단지, 납골 단지에 넣다,
대형 커피 포트, 납골 단지.
338 The Iliad

manes trailing on the ground in the extremity of their sorrow. But do you others
set yourselves in order throughout the host, whosoever has confidence in his
horses and in the strength of his chariot.”
Thus spoke the son of Peleus and the drivers of chariots bestirred themselves.
First among them all uprose Eumelus, king of men, son of Admetus, a man
excellent in horsemanship. Next to him rose mighty Diomed son of Tydeus; he
yoked the Trojan horses which he had taken from Aeneas, when Apollo bore him
out of the fight. Next to him, yellow-haired Menelaus son of Atreus rose and
yoked his fleet horses, Agamemnon’s mare Aethe, and his own horse Podargus.
The mare had been given to Agamemnon by Echepolus son of Anchises, that he
might not have to follow him to Ilius, but might stay at home and take his ease;
for Jove had endowed him with great wealth and he lived in spacious Sicyon.
This mare, all eager for the race, did Menelaus put under the yoke.%
Fourth in order Antilochus, son to noble Nestor son of Neleus, made ready
his horses. These were bred in Pylos, and his father came up to him to give him
good advice of which, however, he stood in but little need. “Antilochus,” said
Nestor, “you are young, but Jove and Neptune have loved you well, and have
made you an excellent horseman. I need not therefore say much by way of
instruction. You are skilful at wheeling your horses round the post, but the
horses themselves are very slow, and it is this that will, I fear, mar your chances.
The other drivers know less than you do, but their horses are fleeter; therefore,
my dear son, see if you cannot hit upon some artifice whereby you may insure
that the prize shall not slip through your fingers. The woodman does more by
skill than by brute force; by skill the pilot guides his storm-tossed barque over
the sea, and so by skill one driver can beat another. If a man go wide in rounding
this way and that, whereas a man who knows what he is doing may have worse
horses, but he will keep them well in hand when he sees the doubling-post; he
knows the precise moment at which to pull the rein, and keeps his eye well on
the man in front of him. I will give you this certain token which cannot escape
your notice. There is a stump of a dead tree—oak or pine as it may be—some six
feet above the ground, and not yet rotted away by rain; it stands at the fork of the

Korean
artifice: 개교, 고안, 책략, 모략, 기술, 확실하게 하다, 보험에 가입하다, rounding: 회전하는, 둥글게 하는데
교활, 기교, 교묘한 착상. 지키다, 의 보험을 맡다, 을 방지할 쓰는, 주위를 둘러싸는, 원순화,
barque: 나무껍질, 배, 바크배, 피부, 수단을 강구하다, 안전하게하다, 둥글어진 것, 둥글게 함, 둥글어지는.
키나나무껍질, 탠껍질. 보험을 걸다, 보증이되다, 보험 stump: 유세하다, 의족, 그루터기,
extremity: 말단, 수족, 선단, 곤경, 증서를 발행하다. 괴롭히다, 뿌리, 의족으로 걷다,
비상수단, 끝, 극한, 극단, 극도, mar: 망쳐놓다, 손상시키다, 흠내다, 곤경에 빠져, 꼬투리, 난처하게 하다,
극단책, 앞끝. 번지 레지스터, 흠을 내다. 도전하다, 쿵쿵 걷다.
instruction: 교수, 명령, 교육, 지시, rein: 고삐, 제어하다, 자유를 주다, trailing: 길게 나부끼는, 질질끌리는,
훈령, 교훈, 소송위임장, 지령, 지식, 억제, 속력을 늦추다, 그만두다, 권력, 기는.
가르침. 고삐로 다루다, 제어의 수단, 견제, whosoever: 누구나, 도대체 누가,
insure: 보증하다, 보험에 들다, 보통 가죽으로 만든 고삐. 도대체 누구를.
 Homer 339

road; %it has two white stones set one on each side, and there is a clear course all
round it. It may have been a monument to some one long since dead, or it may
have been used as a doubling-post in days gone by; now, however, it has been
fixed on by Achilles as the mark round which the chariots shall turn; hug it as
close as you can, but as you stand in your chariot lean over a little to the left;
urge on your right-hand horse with voice and lash, and give him a loose rein, but
let the left-hand horse keep so close in, that the nave of your wheel shall almost
graze the post; but mind the stone, or you will wound your horses and break
your chariot in pieces, which would be sport for others but confusion for
yourself. Therefore, my dear son, mind well what you are about, for if you can be
first to round the post there is no chance of any one giving you the go-by later,
not even though you had Adrestus’s horse Arion behind you—a horse which is
of divine race—or those of Laomedon, which are the noblest in this country.”
When Nestor had made an end of counselling his son he sat down in his
place, and fifth in order Meriones got ready his horses. They then all mounted
their chariots and cast lots. Achilles shook the helmet, and the lot of Antilochus
son of Nestor fell out first; next came that of King Eumelus, and after his, those of
Menelaus son of Atreus and of Meriones. The last place fell to the lot of Diomed
son of Tydeus, who was the best man of them all. They took their places in line;
Achilles showed them the doubling-post round which they were to turn, some
way off upon the plain; here he stationed his father’s follower Phoenix as
umpire, to note the running, and report truly.
At the same instant they all of them lashed their horses, struck them with the
reins, and shouted at them with all their might. They flew full speed over the
plain away from the ships, the dust rose from under them as it were a cloud or
whirlwind, and their manes were all flying in the wind. At one moment the
chariots seemed to touch the ground, and then again they bounded into the air;
the drivers stood erect, and their hearts beat fast and furious in their lust of
victory. Each kept calling on his horses, and the horses scoured the plain amid
the clouds of dust that they raised.

Korean
counselling: 카운슬링. left-hand: 왼손의, 왼편의. umpire: 심판원, 중재인, 심판하다,
erect: 건립하다, 꼿꼿이 세우다, nave: 바퀴통, 본당, 중앙부, 회중석, 엄파이어, 재정인, 판정자, 판정자
꼿꼿이선, 똑바로 선, 세우다, 교회당 안의 본당, 차의 바퀴통. 중재의 노릇을 하다, 판정자 노릇을
승격시키다, 서다, 조립하다, right-hand: 오른쪽으로 꼬인, 오른쪽, 하다, 중재의 판정자, 심판을 경기의
직립시키다, 창설하다, 곤두서서. 심복의, 오른손의, 가장 쓸모 있는, 보다, 심판.
go-by: 못 본체하다, 못 본체함, 지나쳐 믿을 만한, 우측의, 오른편의, wheel: 방향을 바꾸다, 선회시키다,
감. 오른쪽의, 오른손을 쓰는, 심복이 자전거를 타다, 움직이다, 녹로로
hug: 껴안다, 접근하여 지나다, 꼭 되는. 만들다, 핸들, 바퀴, 수레바퀴,
껴안음, 고집하다, 끌어안기, 포옹, sport: 운동가, 농담, 운동회, 노름꾼, 자전거, 세력가, 선회하다.
품다, 닿을 듯이 하여 나아가다, 꼭 낭비하다, 장난, 과시하다, 오락,
껴안다, 접근해서 나아가다. 경기, 시원시원한 남자, 사냥꾼.
340 The Iliad

It%was when they were doing the last part of the course on their way back
towards the sea that their pace was strained to the utmost and it was seen what
each could do. The horses of the descendant of Pheres now took the lead, and
close behind them came the Trojan stallions of Diomed. They seemed as if about
to mount Eumelus’s chariot, and he could feel their warm breath on his back and
on his broad shoulders, for their heads were close to him as they flew over the
course. Diomed would have now passed him, or there would have been a dead
heat, but Phoebus Apollo to spite him made him drop his whip. Tears of anger
fell from his eyes as he saw the mares going on faster than ever, while his own
horses lost ground through his having no whip. Minerva saw the trick which
Apollo had played the son of Tydeus, so she brought him his whip and put spirit
into his horses; moreover she went after the son of Admetus in a rage and broke
his yoke for him; the mares went one to one side of the course, and the other to
the other, and the pole was broken against the ground. Eumelus was thrown
from his chariot close to the wheel; his elbows, mouth, and nostrils were all torn,
and his forehead was bruised above his eyebrows; his eyes filled with tears and
he could find no utterance. But the son of Tydeus turned his horses aside and
shot far ahead, for Minerva put fresh strength into them and covered Diomed
himself with glory.
Menelaus son of Atreus came next behind him, but Antilochus called to his
father’s horses. “On with you both,” he cried, “and do your very utmost. I do not
bid you try to beat the steeds of the son of Tydeus, for Minerva has put running
into them, and has covered Diomed with glory; but you must overtake the
horses of the son of Atreus and not be left behind, or Aethe who is so fleet will
taunt you. Why, my good fellows, are you lagging? I tell you, and it shall surely
be—Nestor will keep neither of you, but will put both of you to the sword, if we
win any the worse a prize through your carelessness. Fly after them at your
utmost speed; I will hit on a plan for passing them in a narrow part of the way,
and it shall not fail me.”
They feared the rebuke of their master, and for a short space went quicker.
Presently Antilochus saw a narrow place where the road had sunk. The ground

Korean
carelessness: 부주의, 경솔, 소홀, 따위를 만회하다, 상회하다, 을 굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 불구하고,
무사태평, 무심함, 속 편함. 뒤따라 잡다, 재난 따위가 짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 엄습해오다, 차가 추월을 하다, sunk: 침몰된, 물밑의, 움푹한.
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 추월을 하다, 추월하다, 폭풍우 taunt: 조롱, 조롱거리, 욕설, 냉소,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 따위가 엄습해오다. 욕하여...시키다, 높고 잘 정비된,
lagging: 단열용 피복시공, 보온, pace: 속도, 걷는 속도, 보폭, 보조, 조롱하다, 의장을 갖추고.
보온재. 대속으로가다, 진도, 한 걸음, 걸음, yoke: 멍에, 멜대, 어깨, 한쌍의 가축,
menelaus: 메넬라오스. 포족, 발걸음, 포족걷다. 허리, 지배, 어울리다, 멍에문, 함께
minerva: 미네르바, 지혜의 여신. rebuke: 비난, 힐책, 징계, 비난하다, 일하다, 결합시키다, 이음목.
overtake: 갑자기 덮쳐오다, 에 뒤따라 꾸짖다, 견책하다, 견책.
미치다, 만회하다, 뒤떨어진 일 spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 짓궂게
 Homer 341

was%broken, for the winter’s rain had gathered and had worn the road so that
the whole place was deepened. Menelaus was making towards it so as to get
there first, for fear of a foul, but Antilochus turned his horses out of the way, and
followed him a little on one side. The son of Atreus was afraid and shouted out,
“Antilochus, you are driving recklessly; rein in your horses; the road is too
narrow here, it will be wider soon, and you can pass me then; if you foul my
chariot you may bring both of us to a mischief.”
But Antilochus plied his whip, and drove faster, as though he had not heard
him. They went side by side for about as far as a young man can hurl a disc from
his shoulder when he is trying his strength, and then Menelaus’s mares drew
behind, for he left off driving for fear the horses should foul one another and
upset the chariots; thus, while pressing on in quest of victory, they might both
come headlong to the ground. Menelaus then upbraided Antilochus and said,
“There is no greater trickster living than you are; go, and bad luck go with you;
the Achaeans say not well that you have understanding, and come what may
you shall not bear away the prize without sworn protest on my part.”
Then he called on his horses and said to them, “Keep your pace, and slacken
not; the limbs of the other horses will weary sooner than yours, for they are
neither of them young.”
The horses feared the rebuke of their master, and went faster, so that they
were soon nearly up with the others.
Meanwhile the Achaeans from their seats were watching how the horses
went, as they scoured the plain amid clouds of their own dust. Idomeneus
captain of the Cretans was first to make out the running, for he was not in the
thick of the crowd, but stood on the most commanding part of the ground. The
driver was a long way off, but Idomeneus could hear him shouting, and could
see the foremost horse quite plainly—a chestnut with a round white star, like the
moon, on its forehead. He stood up and said among the Argives, “My friends,
princes and counsellors of the Argives, can you see the running as well as I can?
There seems to be another pair in front now, and another driver; those that led
off at the start must have been disabled out on the plain. I saw them at first

Korean
chestnut: 진부한 이야기, 밤, 밤색, master: 주인, 석사, 도련님, 대가, 이의를 제기하다, 이의를 제기하다,
밤나무, 밤색의, 젖퉁이, 서양칠엽수, 선생, 명인, 숙달하다, 임자, 교장, 주장하다.
밤색 털의 말, 구렁말, 밤나무목재, 가장, 억제하다. recklessly: 무분별하게, 무모하게.
불알. menelaus: 메넬라오스. slacken: 느슨해지다, 늦추다,
commanding: 전망이 좋은, 지휘하는, nearly: 거의, 밀접하게, 가까스로, 늘어지다, 게을리하다, 감소시키다,
당당한, 위엄있는, 위풍당당한, 정성들여, 가까이에 접근하여, 늦어지다.
유리한 장소를 차지한. 꼼꼼하게, 대략, 간신히, 아주, trickster: 사기꾼, 트릭스터.
disc: 편편한 원반, 편편한 원반 모양의 긴밀하게, 정밀하게. upset: 전복, 불화, 뒤집힌, 혼란,
물건, 원반의 뜻, 원반, 레코드의 뜻, protest: 항의하다, 단언하다, 거절 혼란한, 지게하다, 패배, 망치다,
디스크, 디스코테크, 날개 바퀴, 증서, 단언, 이의, 지불을 거절하다, 뒤집어 엎다, 몸을해치다, 당황케
평원형의 표면. 지불을 거절하다-이의, 결의 따위에 하다.
342 The Iliad

making their way round the doubling-post, but now, though I search the plain of
Troy, I cannot find them. Perhaps the reins fell from the driver’s hand so that he
lost command of his horses at the doubling-post, and could not turn it. I suppose
he must have been thrown out there, and broken his chariot, while his mares
have left the course and gone off wildly in a panic. Come up and see for
yourselves, I cannot make out for certain, but the driver seems an Aetolian by
descent, ruler over the Argives, brave Diomed the son of Tydeus.”%
Ajax the son of Oileus took him up rudely and said, “Idomeneus, why should
you be in such a hurry to tell us all about it, when the mares are still so far out
upon the plain? You are none of the youngest, nor your eyes none of the
sharpest, but you are always laying down the law. You have no right to do so,
for there are better men here than you are. Eumelus’s horses are in front now, as
they always have been, and he is on the chariot holding the reins.”
The captain of the Cretans was angry, and answered, “Ajax you are an
excellent railer, but you have no judgement, and are wanting in much else as
well, for you have a vile temper. I will wager you a tripod or cauldron, and
Agamemnon son of Atreus shall decide whose horses are first. You will then
know to your cost.”
Ajax son of Oileus was for making him an angry answer, and there would
have been yet further brawling between them, had not Achilles risen in his place
and said, “Cease your railing, Ajax and Idomeneus; is it not you would be
scandalised if you saw any one else do the like: sit down and keep your eyes on
the horses; they are speeding towards the winning-post and will be bere directly.
You will then both of you know whose horses are first, and whose come after.”
As he was speaking, the son of Tydeus came driving in, plying his whip
lustily from his shoulder, and his horses stepping high as they flew over the
course. The sand and grit rained thick on the driver, and the chariot inlaid with
gold and tin ran close behind his fleet horses. There was little trace of wheel-
marks in the fine dust, and the horses came flying in at their utmost speed.
Diomed stayed them in the middle of the crowd, and the sweat from their manes
and chests fell in streams on to the ground. Forthwith he sprang from his goodly

Korean
brawling: 떠들썩한, 시끄러운, 세공을한. 유래를 조사하다, 조금, 추적하다.
요란한. lustily: 튼튼하게. tripod: 삼각, 삼각 걸상, 삼각의, 삼각
cauldron: 가마솥. manes: 조상의 영혼. 의자, 삼각기, 삼각대, 그 모조품.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, railer: 꾸짖는 사람, 욕하는 사람. vile: 지독한, 빈약한, 야비한,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, railing: 난간, 레일, 폭언, 놀림, 부도덕한, 대단히 나쁜, 하찮은,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 울타리, 가로장, 울, 욕지거리, 변변찮은, 상스러운, 비열한, 몹시
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 레일재료, 그 자료, 욕설. 나쁜, 비참한.
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. rudely: 조잡하게, 무례하게, 버릇없이, wager: 내기, 걸다, 내기에 건 돈,
grit: 용기, 중덜거리다, 이를 갈다, 잔 거칠게, 불쑥, 격력하게. 노름, 내기를 걸다.
모래, 담력, 조립사암, 모래. trace: 선, 발자국, 봇줄, 나아가다,
inlaid: 상감의, 박이 넣은, 상감 발견하다, 그리다, 흔적, 베끼다, 의
 Homer 343

chariot, and leaned his whip against his horses’ yoke; brave Sthenelus now lost
no time, but at once brought on the prize, and gave the woman and the ear-
handled cauldron to his comrades to take away. Then he unyoked the horses.%
Next after him came in Antilochus of the race of Neleus, who had passed
Menelaus by a trick and not by the fleetness of his horses; but even so Menelaus
came in as close behind him as the wheel is to the horse that draws both the
chariot and its master. The end hairs of a horse’s tail touch the tyre of the wheel,
and there is never much space between wheel and horse when the chariot is
going; Menelaus was no further than this behind Antilochus, though at first he
had been a full disc’s throw behind him. He had soon caught him up again, for
Agamemnon’s mare Aethe kept pulling stronger and stronger, so that if the
course had been longer he would have passed him, and there would not even
have been a dead heat. Idomeneus’s brave squire Meriones was about a spear’s
cast behind Menelaus. His horses were slowest of all, and he was the worst
driver. Last of them all came the son of Admetus, dragging his chariot and
driving his horses on in front. When Achilles saw him he was sorry, and stood
up among the Argives saying, “The best man is coming in last. Let us give him a
prize for it is reasonable. He shall have the second, but the first must go to the
son of Tydeus.”
Thus did he speak and the others all of them applauded his saying, and were
for doing as he had said, but Nestor’s son Antilochus stood up and claimed his
rights from the son of Peleus. “Achilles,” said he, “I shall take it much amiss if
you do this thing; you would rob me of my prize, because you think Eumelus’s
chariot and horses were thrown out, and himself too, good man that he is. He
should have prayed duly to the immortals; he would not have come in last if he
had done so. If you are sorry for him and so choose, you have much gold in your
tents, with bronze, sheep, cattle and horses. Take something from this store if
you would have the Achaeans speak well of you, and give him a better prize
even than that which you have now offered; but I will not give up the mare, and
he that will fight me for her, let him come on.”

Korean
amiss: 어긋나서, 잘못한, 형편이 나쁜, 꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, tyre: 고대 페니키아의 도시, 타이어,
고장난, 빗나가서, 수사납게, 이 사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 티루스, 머리 장식.
적절하지 않은, 잘못되어, 탈이 나서, dragging: 질질 끄는, 오래 걸리는, whip: 마부, 채찍질하다, 감치다,
이 적질하지 않은. 질질 끄는 것, 오래 걸리는 것. 사냥개 담당원, 매, 크림 달걀 따위를
bronze: 청동, 청동의, 갈색으로 mare: 바다, 암말, 암컷, 말 따위의 거품일게 한 디저트 과자, 원내총무,
만들다, 청동색의, 청동색으로 암컷. 낚싯대를 휙 던져 났다, 휘감다,
만들다, 청동빛으로 만들다, 청동 squire: 기사의 종자, 시골 유지, 단단히 감다, 거품일게 하다.
제품, 청동빛으로 되다, 청동색, 대지주, 여자를 모시고 다니는 신사, yoke: 멍에, 멜대, 어깨, 한쌍의 가축,
청동빛. 모시고 다니다, 치안판사, 치안 판사, 허리, 지배, 어울리다, 멍에문, 함께
cauldron: 가마솥. 에스코트하다, 시골의 대지주, 숙녀를 일하다, 결합시키다, 이음목.
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 에스코트하는 사람, 변호사.
344 The Iliad

Achilles smiled as he heard this, and was pleased with Antilochus, who was
one of his dearest comrades. So he said—
“Antilochus, if you would have me find Eumelus another prize, I will give
him the bronze breastplate with a rim of tin running all round it which I took
from Asteropaeus. It will be worth much money to him.”
He bade his comrade Automedon bring the breastplate from his tent, and he
did so. Achilles then gave it over to Eumelus, who received it gladly.%
But Menelaus got up in a rage, furiously angry with Antilochus. An attendant
placed his staff in his hands and bade the Argives keep silence: the hero then
addressed them. “Antilochus,” said he, “what is this from you who have been so
far blameless? You have made me cut a poor figure and baulked my horses by
flinging your own in front of them, though yours are much worse than mine are;
therefore, O princes and counsellors of the Argives, judge between us and show
no favour, lest one of the Achaeans say, ‘Menelaus has got the mare through
lying and corruption; his horses were far inferior to Antilochus’s, but he has
greater weight and influence.’ Nay, I will determine the matter myself, and no
man will blame me, for I shall do what is just. Come here, Antilochus, and stand,
as our custom is, whip in hand before your chariot and horses; lay your hand on
your steeds, and swear by earth-encircling Neptune that you did not purposely
and guilefully get in the way of my horses.”
And Antilochus answered, “Forgive me; I am much younger, King Menelaus,
than you are; you stand higher than I do and are the better man of the two; you
know how easily young men are betrayed into indiscretion; their tempers are
more hasty and they have less judgement; make due allowances therefore, and
bear with me; I will of my own accord give up the mare that I have won, and if
you claim any further chattel from my own possessions, I would rather yield it
to you, at once, than fall from your good graces henceforth, and do wrong in the
sight of heaven.”
The son of Nestor then took the mare and gave her over to Menelaus, whose
anger was thus appeased; as when dew falls upon a field of ripening corn, and
the lands are bristling with the harvest—even so, O Menelaus, was your heart
Korean
allowances: 참작. 측정하다-결심하다, 끝나다, 정하다. purposely: 고의로, 일부러, 고외로.
blameless: 나무랄만한, 비난할 점이 graces: 애고. received: 용인된, 받아들여진,
없는. hasty: 급한, 성급한, 지레짐작, 일반적으로 인정된, 믿어지고 있는.
chattel: 동산, 소지품, 가재. 경솔한. silence: 묵살, 무소식, 침묵, 침묵을
corruption: 부패, 타락, 전와, 순수성 indiscretion: 무분별, 비밀누설, 지킴, 침묵시키는 사람, 침묵 지키다,
상실, 개악, 매수, 폐풍, 퇴폐, 부정, 지각없음, 무분별한 행위, 근신하지 잠잠하게 하다, 소음장치, 비밀, 망각,
변조, 독직. 않는 행위, 경솔한 언동, 무분별의. 조용히.
custom: 풍습, 습관, 관습, 세관, 애고, judge: 판단하다, 재판관, 재판하다, worth: 값어치, 상당하는 분량,
관세, 규칙, 관례, 고객, 단골, 돌봐줌. 판사, 사사기, 심판자, 비판하다, 일어나다, 재산, 만큼의 값어치가
determine: 결심시키다, 결정하다, 사사, 판결을내리다, 판결을 내리다, 있는, 어치, 의 가치가 있는, 가치, 할
한정하다, 결심하다, 측정하다, 심판하는 사람. 만한.
 Homer 345

made glad within you. He turned to Antilochus and said, “Now, Antilochus,
angry though I have been, I can give way to you of my own free will; you have
never been headstrong nor ill-disposed hitherto, but this time your youth has
got the better of your judgement; be careful how you outwit your betters in
future; no one else could have brought me round so easily, but your good father,
your brother, and yourself have all of you had infinite trouble on my behalf; I
therefore yield to your entreaty, and will give up the mare to you, mine though it
indeed be; the people will thus see that I am neither harsh nor vindictive.”%
With this he gave the mare over to Antilochus’s comrade Noemon, and then
took the cauldron. Meriones, who had come in fourth, carried off the two talents
of gold, and the fifth prize, the two-handled urn, being unawarded, Achilles
gave it to Nestor, going up to him among the assembled Argives and saying,
“Take this, my good old friend, as an heirloom and memorial of the funeral of
Patroclus—for you shall see him no more among the Argives. I give you this
prize though you cannot win one; you can now neither wrestle nor fight, and
cannot enter for the javelin-match nor foot-races, for the hand of age has been
laid heavily upon you.”
So saying he gave the urn over to Nestor, who received it gladly and
answered, “My son, all that you have said is true; there is no strength now in my
legs and feet, nor can I hit out with my hands from either shoulder. Would that I
were still young and strong as when the Epeans were burying King Amarynceus
in Buprasium, and his sons offered prizes in his honour. There was then none
that could vie with me neither of the Epeans nor the Pylians themselves nor the
Aetolians. In boxing I overcame Clytomedes son of Enops, and in wrestling,
Ancaeus of Pleuron who had come forward against me. Iphiclus was a good
runner, but I beat him, and threw farther with my spear than either Phyleus or
Polydorus. In chariot-racing alone did the two sons of Actor surpass me by
crowding their horses in front of me, for they were angry at the way victory had
gone, and at the greater part of the prizes remaining in the place in which they
had been offered. They were twins, and the one kept on holding the reins, and
holding the reins, while the other plied the whip. Such was I then, but now I

Korean
boxing: 권투, 포장, 창문틀, 상자 heirloom: 법정 상속 동산, 조상 끓이개, 유골 단지, 납골 단지에 넣다,
재료, 상자 꾸리기, 두껍닫이, 복싱, 전래의 가보. 대형 커피 포트, 납골 단지.
상자꾸리기. ill-disposed: 성질이 고약한. wrestle: 씨름, 분투, 싸우다, 레슬링,
burying: 매장, 묻음. memorial: 기념하는, 추도의 기억의, 와 레슬링하다, 레슬링을 하다,
entreaty: 간원, 간청. 기념의, 각서, 기억의, 기념물, 맞붙어 싸우다, 무지막지하게 마구
farther: 더먼, 좀더, 그위에, 더욱더, 청원서. 밀어대다, 씨름을 하다, 와 레슬링을
더멀리, 더욱이, 더 앞선, 더 멀리, 더 outwit: 손수치다, 의 허를 찌르다, 의 하다, 을 넘어뜨리다.
먼, 더 뒤의, 더 나중의. 의표를 찌르다. wrestling: 레슬링, 씨름.
harsh: 거친, 엄한, 가혹한, 껄껄한, surpass: 보다낫다, 보다 낫다.
야한, 귀에 거슬리는, 호된. twins: 쌍.
headstrong: 완고한. urn: 항아리, 무덤, 납골단지, 커피
346 The Iliad

must leave these matters to younger men; I must bow before the weight of years,
but in those days I was eminent among heroes. And now, sir, go on with the
funeral contests in honour of your comrade: gladly do I accept this urn, and my
heart rejoices that you do not forget me but are ever mindful of my goodwill
towards you, and of the respect due to me from the Achaeans. For all which may
the grace of heaven be vouchsafed you in great abundance.”%
Thereon the son of Peleus, when he had listened to all the thanks of Nestor,
went about among the concourse of the Achaeans, and presently offered prizes
for skill in the painful art of boxing. He brought out a strong mule, and made it
fast in the middle of the crowd—a she-mule never yet broken, but six years old—
when it is hardest of all to break them: this was for the victor, and for the
vanquished he offered a double cup. Then he stood up and said among the
Argives, “Son of Atreus, and all other Achaeans, I invite our two champion
boxers to lay about them lustily and compete for these prizes. He to whom
Apollo vouchsafes the greater endurance, and whom the Achaeans acknowledge
as victor, shall take the mule back with him to his own tent, while he that is
vanquished shall have the double cup.”
As he spoke there stood up a champion both brave and great stature, a skilful
boxer, Epeus, son of Panopeus. He laid his hand on the mule and said, “Let the
man who is to have the cup come hither, for none but myself will take the mule. I
am the best boxer of all here present, and none can beat me. Is it not enough that
I should fall short of you in actual fighting? Still, no man can be good at
everything. I tell you plainly, and it shall come true; if any man will box with me
I will bruise his body and break his bones; therefore let his friends stay here in a
body and be at hand to take him away when I have done with him.”
They all held their peace, and no man rose save Euryalus son of Mecisteus,
who was son of Talaus. Mecisteus went once to Thebes after the fall of Oedipus,
to attend his funeral, and he beat all the people of Cadmus. The son of Tydeus
was Euryalus’s second, cheering him on and hoping heartily that he would win.
First he put a waistband round him and then he gave him some well-cut thongs
of ox-hide; the two men being now girt went into the middle of the ring, and

Korean
acknowledge: 받았음을 알리다, 상처, 멍이 나다, 마음의 상처. grace: 우미, 은혜, 유예, 은총, 미덕,
승인하다, 인정하다, 감사하다, champion: 일류의, 투사, 선수권 장식음, 장점, 애교, 우아, 매력, 천혜.
사례하다, 알아 차렸음을 알리다, 보유자, 챔피언, 우승자, 옹호하다, invite: 초대장, 초대하다, 끌다,
확인하다. 우승한, 전사, 뛰어난 사람, 투사로서 가져오다, 초래하다, 간청하다,
attend: 간호하다, 출석하다, 모시다, 활동하다, 옹호자. 자아내다, 부탁하다, 끌다
섬기다, 수행하다, 주의하여듣다, compete: 경쟁하다, 맞서다, 경합하다, 쏠리게하다, 야기시키다, 청하다.
다니다, 유의하다, 참석하다, 필적하다, 비견하다, 겨루다, 사회를 mule: 노새, 잡종, 고집쟁이, 슬리퍼,
주의하다, 전렴하다. 보다. 얼간이, 외고집쟁이, 뒤축 없는
bruise: 타박상, 감정을 상하게 하다, concourse: 집합, 경마장, 군중, 슬리퍼, 동식물의 잡종, 뮬 정방기.
흠, 흠-상처를 내다, 상처를 주다, 경기장, 군집, 합류, 큰 길, 중앙광장, waistband: 허리띠.
타박상을 주다, 찧다, 상처를 내다, 중앙홀, 중앙 광장.
 Homer 347

immediately fell to; heavily indeed did they punish one another and lay about
them with their brawny fists. One could hear the horrid crashing of their jaws,
and they sweated from every pore of their skin. Presently Epeus came on and
gave Euryalus a blow on the jaw as he was looking round; Euryalus could not
keep his legs; they gave way under him in a moment and he sprang up with a
bound, as a fish leaps into the air near some shore that is all bestrewn with sea-
wrack, when Boreas furs the top of the waves, and then falls back into deep
water. But noble Epeus caught hold of him and raised him up; his comrades also
came round him and led him from the ring, unsteady in his gait, his head
hanging on one side, and spitting great clots of gore. They set him down in a
swoon and then went to fetch the double cup.%
The son of Peleus now brought out the prizes for the third contest and
showed them to the Argives. These were for the painful art of wrestling. For the
winner there was a great tripod ready for setting upon the fire, and the Achaeans
valued it among themselves at twelve oxen. For the loser he brought out a
woman skilled in all manner of arts, and they valued her at four oxen. He rose
and said among the Argives, “Stand forward, you who will essay this contest.”
Forthwith uprose great Ajax the son of Telamon, and crafty Ulysses, full of
wiles, rose also. The two girded themselves and went into the middle of the ring.
They gripped each other in their strong hands like the rafters which some
master-builder frames for the roof of a high house to keep the wind out. Their
backbones cracked as they tugged at one another with their mighty arms—and
sweat rained from them in torrents. Many a bloody weal sprang up on their sides
and shoulders, but they kept on striving with might and main for victory and to
win the tripod. Ulysses could not throw Ajax, nor Ajax him; Ulysses was too
strong for him; but when the Achaeans began to tire of watching them, Ajax said
to Ulysses, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, you shall either lift me, or I you, and
let Jove settle it between us.”
He lifted him from the ground as he spoke, but Ulysses did not forget his
cunning. He hit Ajax in the hollow at back of his knee, so that he could not keep
his feet, but fell on his back with Ulysses lying upon his chest, and all who saw it

Korean
brawny: 근골이 억센, 강건한, 근골이 말의 보조. 쉬운, 불안정하게 하다, 행실이
늠름한, 센, 억센, 튼튼한. girded: 대비하는, 둘러 싸는, 단정치 못한, 몸가짐이 단정치 못한.
contest: 경쟁, 다투다, 경쟁하다, 논쟁, 조롱하는, 차는, 허리띠로 졸라 매는. winner: 승리자, 수상자, 이긴 말,
다툼, 경연, 이의를 제기하다, loser: 손실자, 유실자, 진편, 실패자, 우승의 가망이 있는 사람, 우승의
논쟁하다, 겨루다, 콘테스트, 경기. 패자, 경기에서 진편, 장애 구역. 가망이 있는 것, 수상자 작품, 수상의
essay: 수필, 소론, 시도하다, 시도, skin: 피부, 구두쇠, 가죽, 사기꾼, 가죽 가망이 있는 것, 성공의 가망이 있는
시험하다, 시론, 평론, 하려고 하다, 제품, 가죽으로 덮다, 가죽을 벗기다, 사람, 성공의 가망이 있는 것, 당선자,
기도. 속이다, 살가죽이 벗어지게 하다, 우승자.
gait: 보조, 걸음걸이, 걷는 모양, 사취하다, 간신히.
걸음걸이를 조련하다, 심사원 에 unsteady: 불안정한, 미덥지 못한,
걷게하다, 심사원 앞에 걷게 하다, 변하기쉬운, 소행이 나쁜, 변하기
348 The Iliad

marvelled. Then Ulysses in turn lifted Ajax and stirred him a little from the
ground but could not lift him right off it, his knee sank under him, and the two
fell side by side on the ground and were all begrimed with dust. They now
sprang towards one another and were for wrestling yet a third time, but Achilles
rose and stayed them. “Put not each other further,” said he, “to such cruel
suffering; the victory is with both alike, take each of you an equal prize, and let
the other Achaeans now compete.”
Thus did he speak and they did even as he had said, and put on their shirts
again after wiping the dust from off their bodies.%
The son of Peleus then offered prizes for speed in running—a mixing-bowl
beautifully wrought, of pure silver. It would hold six measures, and far exceeded
all others in the whole world for beauty; it was the work of cunning artificers in
Sidon, and had been brought into port by Phoenicians from beyond the sea, who
had made a present of it to Thoas. Eueneus son of Jason had given it to Patroclus
in ransom of Priam’s son Lycaon, and Achilles now offered it as a prize in
honour of his comrade to him who should be the swiftest runner. For the second
prize he offered a large ox, well fattened, while for the last there was to be half a
talent of gold. He then rose and said among the Argives, “Stand forward, you
who will essay this contest.”
Forthwith uprose fleet Ajax son of Oileus, with cunning Ulysses, and
Nestor’s son Antilochus, the fastest runner among all the youth of his time. They
stood side by side and Achilles showed them the goal. The course was set out for
them from the starting-post, and the son of Oileus took the lead at once, with
Ulysses as close behind him as the shuttle is to a woman’s bosom when she
throws the woof across the warp and holds it close up to her; even so close
behind him was Ulysses—treading in his footprints before the dust could settle
there, and Ajax could feel his breath on the back of his head as he ran swiftly on.
The Achaeans all shouted applause as they saw him straining his utmost, and
cheered him as he shot past them; but when they were now nearing the end of
the course Ulysses prayed inwardly to Minerva. “Hear me,” he cried, “and help
my feet, O goddess.” Thus did he pray, and Pallas Minerva heard his prayer; she

Korean
bosom: 가슴, 껴안다, 내부, 마음속에 pure: 순수한, 순혈의, 단순한, 순전한, 뒤둥그러짐, 밧줄로 끌다, 밧줄,
간직하다, 믿고 있는, 품, 흉부, 더러움 없는, 오점 없는, 깨끗한, 뒤틀리게 하다, 뒤둥그러찌다.
흉부슴속, 가슴속, 속, 표면. 순이론적인-순수한 것, 순이론적인, woof: 씨, 피륙, 천, 감, 줄, 개가 낮게
cunning: 교묘한, 교활한, 귀여운, 완전한, 고결한. 으르릉거리는 소리, 기초를 이루는
노련한, 멋있는, 숙련, 솜씨, 현명한, talent: 재능, 연예인, 재능 있는 요소, 낮게 으르릉거리다, 주체를
재간있는, 약삭빠른, 빈틈없음. 사람들, 인재, 고대 그리스, 재주, 이루는 재료, 직물.
fattened: 살찌우는, 살찌는. 탤런트, 히부리의 무게 이름, 재능 wrestling: 레슬링, 씨름.
inwardly: 내부에, 마음속에 몰래, 있는 사람, 자기 마음대로 거는 wrought: 만든, 세공한, 가공한, 꾸민,
마음속으로, 안으로, 작은 목소리로, 사람들. 두들겨 만든.
안쪽으로, 내부로. warp: 날실, 왜곡하다, 비뚤어짐,
ox: 수소, 소. 뒤틀리다, 구부리다, 뒤틀림,
 Homer 349

made his hands and his feet feel light, and when the runners were at the point of
pouncing upon the prize, Ajax, through Minerva’s spite slipped upon some offal
that was lying there from the cattle which Achilles had slaughtered in honour of
Patroclus, and his mouth and nostrils were all filled with cow dung. Ulysses
therefore carried off the mixing-bowl, for he got before Ajax and came in first.
But Ajax took the ox and stood with his hand on one of its horns, spitting the
dung out of his mouth. Then he said to the Argives, “Alas, the goddess has
spoiled my running; she watches over Ulysses and stands by him as though she
were his own mother.” Thus did he speak and they all of them laughed heartily.%
Antilochus carried off the last prize and smiled as he said to the bystanders,
“You all see, my friends, that now too the gods have shown their respect for
seniority. Ajax is somewhat older than I am, and as for Ulysses, he belongs to an
earlier generation, but he is hale in spite of his years, and no man of the
Achaeans can run against him save only Achilles.”
He said this to pay a compliment to the son of Peleus, and Achilles
answered, “Antilochus, you shall not have praised me to no purpose; I shall give
you an additional half talent of gold.” He then gave the half talent to Antilochus,
who received it gladly.
Then the son of Peleus brought out the spear, helmet and shield that had
been borne by Sarpedon, and were taken from him by Patroclus. He stood up
and said among the Argives, “We bid two champions put on their armour, take
their keen blades, and make trial of one another in the presence of the multitude;
whichever of them can first wound the flesh of the other, cut through his
armour, and draw blood, to him will I give this goodly Thracian sword inlaid
with silver, which I took from Asteropaeus, but the armour let both hold in
partnership, and I will give each of them a hearty meal in my own tent.”
Forthwith uprose great Ajax the son of Telamon, as also mighty Diomed son
of Tydeus. When they had put on their armour each on his own side of the ring,
they both went into the middle eager to engage, and with fire flashing from their
eyes. The Achaeans marvelled as they beheld them, and when the two were now
close up with one another, thrice did they spring forward and thrice try to strike

Korean
ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사. 열심인, 원기왕성한 사람, 충분한,
compliment: 찬사, 경의, 칭찬하다, 친구, 마음속으로부터의, 활기찬.
의례적인 인사말, 경의를 표하다, inlaid: 상감의, 박이 넣은, 상감
경의의 표시, 아첨, 대갚음하다- 세공을한.
인사하다, 듣기 좋은 말을 하다, 따리, offal: 겨, 기울, 부스러기, 찌꺼기,
영광된 일. 찌꺼기 고기, 하치 생선.
dung: 똥거름, 똥, 거름을 주다. ox: 수소, 소.
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 partnership: 합명회사, 조합, 상사,
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 공동, 협력, 공동협력, 조합 영어,
hearty: 친절한, 튼튼한, 조합계약, 조합 계약.
마음으로부터의, 배부른, 풍부한, seniority: 고참, 선임, 연장, 선배임,
선임 순위, 손위임.
spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 짓궂게
굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 불구하고,
짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다.
thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고.
whichever: 어느..이든지, 도대체
어느것을, 도대체 어느것이, 도대체
어느것쪽을, 어느 것이든지, 어느
것쪽이든지.
350 The Iliad

each other in close combat. Ajax pierced Diomed’s round shield, but did not
draw blood, for the cuirass beneath the shield protected him; thereon the son of
Tydeus from over his huge shield kept aiming continually at Ajax’s neck with the
point of his spear, and the Achaeans alarmed for his safety bade them leave off
fighting and divide the prize between them. Achilles then gave the great sword
to the son of Tydeus, with its scabbard, and the leathern belt with which to hang
it.%
Achilles next offered the massive iron quoit which mighty Eetion had
erewhile been used to hurl, until Achilles had slain him and carried it off in his
ships along with other spoils. He stood up and said among the Argives, “Stand
forward, you who would essay this contest. He who wins it will have a store of
iron that will last him five years as they go rolling round, and if his fair fields lie
far from a town his shepherd or ploughman will not have to make a journey to
buy iron, for he will have a stock of it on his own premises.”
Then uprose the two mighty men Polypoetes and Leonteus, with Ajax son of
Telamon and noble Epeus. They stood up one after the other and Epeus took the
quoit, whirled it, and flung it from him, which set all the Achaeans laughing.
After him threw Leonteus of the race of Mars. Ajax son of Telamon threw third,
and sent the quoit beyond any mark that had been made yet, but when mighty
Polypoetes took the quoit he hurled it as though it had been a stockman’s stick
which he sends flying about among his cattle when he is driving them, so far did
his throw out-distance those of the others. All who saw it roared applause, and
his comrades carried the prize for him and set it on board his ship.
Achilles next offered a prize of iron for archery—ten double-edged axes and
ten with single edges: he set up a ship’s mast, some way off upon the sands, and
with a fine string tied a pigeon to it by the foot; this was what they were to aim
at. “Whoever,” he said, “can hit the pigeon shall have all the axes and take them
away with him; he who hits the string without hitting the bird will have taken a
worse aim and shall have the single-edged axes.”
Then uprose King Teucer, and Meriones the stalwart squire of Idomeneus
rose also, They cast lots in a bronze helmet and the lot of Teucer fell first. He let

Korean
cuirass: 동체 갑옷, 몸통 갑옷, 보호 대규모의, 당당한, 큼직한, 굳센,
골판, 에게 동체 갑옷을 입히다, 장갑, 크고무거운.
장갑하다, 흉갑. pigeon: 비둘기, 속기 쉬운 사람, 을
double-edged: 두 가지로 이해되는, 사취하다.
모호한, 쌍날의, 양날의. ploughman: 농부.
erewhile: 조금전에. quoit: 쇠고리, 쇠고리 던지기, 고리
journey: 여행하다, 여정, 여행, 보통 던지기를 하다, 고리 던지기용의
육로의 여행. 고리, 고리 던지기처럼 던지다, 고무
leathern: 가죽의. 따위의 고리 던지기용의 고리, 금속
massive: 크고 무거운, 묵직한, 실팍한, 따위의 고리 던지기용의 고리, 로프
육중한, 덩어리 모양의, 대량의, 따위의 고리 던지기용의 고리.
stick: 붙이다, 찌르다, 잔가지, 조종간,
단장, 나무토막, 지팡이 멍청이, 연속
무하 폭탄, 고착 시키다, 엄청난 값을
부르다, 걸리게 하다.
string: 현, 일렬, 속이다, 긴장시키다,
끈, 부대 조건, 실이되다, 섬유를
떼다, 실, 의 현을 조르다, 일렬로
늘어세우다.
 Homer 351

fly with his arrow forthwith, but he did not promise hecatombs of firstling
lambs to King Apollo, and missed his bird, for Apollo foiled his aim; but he hit
the string with which the bird was tied, near its foot; the arrow cut the string
clean through so that it hung down towards the ground, while the bird flew up
into the sky, and the Achaeans shouted applause. Meriones, who had his arrow
ready while Teucer was aiming, snatched the bow out of his hand, and at once
promised that he would sacrifice a hecatomb of firstling lambs to Apollo lord of
the bow; then espying the pigeon high up under the clouds, he hit her in the
middle of the wing as she was circling upwards; the arrow went clean through
the wing and fixed itself in the ground at Meriones’ feet, but the bird perched on
the ship’s mast hanging her head and with all her feathers drooping; the life
went out of her, and she fell heavily from the mast. Meriones, therefore, took all
ten double-edged axes, while Teucer bore off the single-edged ones to his ships.%
Then the son of Peleus brought in a spear and a cauldron that had never been
on the fire; it was worth an ox, and was chased with a pattern of flowers; and
those that throw the javelin stood up—to wit the son of Atreus, king of men
Agamemnon, and Meriones, stalwart squire of Idomeneus. But Achilles spoke
saying, “Son of Atreus, we know how far you excel all others both in power and
in throwing the javelin; take the cauldron back with you to your ships, but if it so
please you, let us give the spear to Meriones; this at least is what I should myself
wish.”
King Agamemnon assented. So he gave the bronze spear to Meriones, and
handed the goodly cauldron to Talthybius his esquire.

Korean
cauldron: 가마솥. firstling: 첫수확, 맏배, 맏물, 최초의 spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지,
circling: 빙글빙글돌기. 결과, 최초의 산물, 햇것. 창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다,
double-edged: 두 가지로 이해되는, foiled: 박으로 뒤를 붙이는, 뒤엎는. 창으로 찌르다.
모호한, 쌍날의, 양날의. forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 stalwart: 충실한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 키가
drooping: 눈을 내리깐, 늘어진, 풀이 실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. 크고 늠름한 사람, 매우 충실한 사람,
죽은. goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 매우 충실한, 키가 크고 늠름한.
esquire: 귀하, 님, 향사, 치안 판사, 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
씨님, 시골의 대지주에 대한 칭호, hecatomb: 대학살, 큰희생, 황소 백
숙녀를 에스코트하는 사람, 시골의 마리의 제물, 다수의 희생.
대지주, 기사의 종자. javelin: 창던지기, 창, 던지는 창.
excel: 능가하다, 뛰어나다, 빼어나다. ox: 수소, 소.
352 The Iliad

BOOK XXIV

The%assembly now broke up and the people went their ways each to his own
ship. There they made ready their supper, and then bethought them of the
blessed boon of sleep; but Achilles still wept for thinking of his dear comrade,
and sleep, before whom all things bow, could take no hold upon him. This way
and that did he turn as he yearned after the might and manfulness of Patroclus;
he thought of all they had done together, and all they had gone through both on
the field of battle and on the waves of the weary sea. As he dwelt on these things
he wept bitterly and lay now on his side, now on his back, and now face
downwards, till at last he rose and went out as one distraught to wander upon
the seashore. Then, when he saw dawn breaking over beach and sea, he yoked
his horses to his chariot, and bound the body of Hector behind it that he might
drag it about. Thrice did he drag it round the tomb of the son of Menoetius, and
then went back into his tent, leaving the body on the ground full length and with
its face downwards. But Apollo would not suffer it to be disfigured, for he pitied
the man, dead though he now was; therefore he shielded him with his golden
aegis continually, that he might take no hurt while Achilles was dragging him.
Thus shamefully did Achilles in his fury dishonour Hector; but the blessed
gods looked down in pity from heaven, and urged Mercury, slayer of Argus, to
steal the body. All were of this mind save only Juno, Neptune, and Jove’s grey-
eyed daughter, who persisted in the hate which they had ever borne towards
Korean
aegis: 보호, 옹호, 제우스의 방패, 정조를 범하다, 인수거절, 의 명예를 wander: 헤매다, 옆길로 벗어나다,
후원, 주최, 방패. 손상시키다, 어기다, 수칫거리, 헛소리하다, 오락가락하다, 두서없이
boon: 부탁, 은혜, 유쾌한, 명랑한, 지불거절, 의 명예를 더럽히다. 되다, 길을 잘못 들다, 걸어
기분이 좋은, 재미있는, 혜택. distraught: 정신이 돈, 마음이 상한, 돌아다니다, 꾸불꾸불 흐르다,
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 몹시 고민한, 마음이 산란한, 정신이 꾸불꾸불 이어지다, 종잡을 수 없게
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 혼란하여, 미친. 되다, 거닐다.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. seashore: 해안, 해변, 해안의, 해변의. weary: 지치다, 지치게 하다, 지치게
comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료, shamefully: 부끄러운, 창피한. 하는, 싫어진, 넌더리나는, 동경하다,
동료다운, 전우, 조합원. slayer: 살해자. 싫증나다, 지루하게 하다,
disfigured: 의 외관을 손상하는. thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고. 지루해지다, 피로한, 싫증나게 하다.
dishonour: 굴욕, 불명예, 치욕, tomb: 무덤, 매장하다, 묘비, 죽음.
 Homer 353

Ilius with Priam and his people; for they forgave not the wrong done them by
Alexandrus in disdaining the goddesses who came to him when he was in his
sheepyards, and preferring her who had offered him a wanton to his ruin.%
When, therefore, the morning of the twelfth day had now come, Phoebus
Apollo spoke among the immortals saying, “You gods ought to be ashamed of
yourselves; you are cruel and hard-hearted. Did not Hector burn you thigh-
bones of heifers and of unblemished goats? And now dare you not rescue even
his dead body, for his wife to look upon, with his mother and child, his father
Priam, and his people, who would forthwith commit him to the flames, and give
him his due funeral rites? So, then, you would all be on the side of mad Achilles,
who knows neither right nor ruth? He is like some savage lion that in the pride
of his great strength and daring springs upon men’s flocks and gorges on them.
Even so has Achilles flung aside all pity, and all that conscience which at once so
greatly banes yet greatly boons him that will heed it. man may lose one far
dearer than Achilles has lost—a son, it may be, or a brother born from his own
mother’s womb; yet when he has mourned him and wept over him he will let
him bide, for it takes much sorrow to kill a man; whereas Achilles, now that he
has slain noble Hector, drags him behind his chariot round the tomb of his
comrade. It were better of him, and for him, that he should not do so, for brave
though he be we gods may take it ill that he should vent his fury upon dead
clay.”
Juno spoke up in a rage. “This were well,” she cried, “O lord of the silver
bow, if you would give like honour to Hector and to Achilles; but Hector was
mortal and suckled at a woman’s breast, whereas Achilles is the offspring of a
goddess whom I myself reared and brought up. I married her to Peleus, who is
above measure dear to the immortals; you gods came all of you to her wedding;
you feasted along with them yourself and brought your lyre—false, and fond of
low company, that you have ever been.”
Then said Jove, “Juno, be not so bitter. Their honour shall not be equal, but of
all that dwell in Ilius, Hector was dearest to the gods, as also to myself, for his
offerings never failed me. Never was my altar stinted of its dues, nor of the

Korean
bide: 살다, 기다리다, 멀물다, 참다, 생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히 vent: 환기용 작은 창, 항문, 터진 구멍,
때를 기다리다. 발음하다, 길게논하다, 터뜨리다, 에 구멍을 내다, 손구멍,
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다, 빠지는 구멍, 배출구를 찾아내다,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다. 배출구, 바람 구멍, 나갈 구멍을
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 터주다.
comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료, 실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. wanton: 장난치다, 까불다, 바람둥이,
동료다운, 전우, 조합원. heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다, 뛰어 돌아다니다, 우거지다, 음탕한,
conscience: 양심, 도의심, 선악의 주의하다. 우거진, 악의 있는, 분방한,
관념. unblemished: 흠이 없는, 오점이 변덕스러운, 바람난.
dues: 부과금. 없는, 결백한, 깨끗한, 흠집 없는, womb: 자궁, 사물이 발생하는 곳,
dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이 더러운 데가 없는. 사물이 성장 하는 곳.
354 The Iliad

drink-offerings%and savour of sacrifice which we claim of right. I shall therefore

permit the body of mighty Hector to be stolen; and yet this may hardly be
without Achilles coming to know it, for his mother keeps night and day beside
him. Let some one of you, therefore, send Thetis to me, and I will impart my
counsel to her, namely that Achilles is to accept a ransom from Priam, and give
up the body.”
On this Iris fleet as the wind went forth to carry his message. Down she
plunged into the dark sea midway between Samos and rocky Imbrus; the waters
hissed as they closed over her, and she sank into the bottom as the lead at the
end of an ox-horn, that is sped to carry death to fishes. She found Thetis sitting in
a great cave with the other sea-goddesses gathered round her; there she sat in the
midst of them weeping for her noble son who was to fall far from his own land,
on the rich plains of Troy. Iris went up to her and said, “Rise Thetis; Jove, whose
counsels fail not, bids you come to him.” And Thetis answered, “Why does the
mighty god so bid me? I am in great grief, and shrink from going in and out
among the immortals. Still, I will go, and the word that he may speak shall not be
spoken in vain.”
The goddess took her dark veil, than which there can be no robe more
sombre, and went forth with fleet Iris leading the way before her. The waves of
the sea opened them a path, and when they reached the shore they flew up into
the heavens, where they found the all-seeing son of Saturn with the blessed gods
that live for ever assembled near him. Minerva gave up her seat to her, and she
sat down by the side of father Jove. Juno then placed a fair golden cup in her
hand, and spoke to her in words of comfort, whereon Thetis drank and gave her
back the cup; and the sire of gods and men was the first to speak.
“So, goddess,” said he, “for all your sorrow, and the grief that I well know
reigns ever in your heart, you have come hither to Olympus, and I will tell you
why I have sent for you. This nine days past the immortals have been quarrelling
about Achilles waster of cities and the body of Hector. The gods would have
Mercury slayer of Argus steal the body, but in furtherance of our peace and
amity henceforward, I will concede such honour to your son as I will now tell

Korean
amity: 침목, 친화, 친목. 몸값을 요구하다, 의 배상금을 slayer: 살해자.
furtherance: 조장, 촉진. 요구하다, 포로의 몸값, 몸값을 sombre: 수수한, 어두컴컴한, 음침한,
henceforward: 차후, 이후, 금후. 치르고 석방됨, 배상금을 치르고 침울한, 거무칙칙한, 어둠침침한.
hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 사람을 되찾다, 사람을 되찾다, 에게 waster: 파치, 파괴자, 낭비자, 살인자,
여기에. 몸값을 요구하다, 에게 배상금을 황폐시키는 사람, 흠 있는 물건,
impart: 전하다, 곁들이다, 나눠 요구하다. 불량품, 불량배, 황폐자, 건달.
주다덧붙이다, 말해버리다, 알리다, savour: 맛, 기미, 의 기미가있다, 다소 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
주다, 첨가하다, 나누어주다. -의 맛이나다, 흥미, 맛을 내다,
juno: 주노. 맛보다, 맛이 있다, 아취, 풍미.
minerva: 미네르바, 지혜의 여신. sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자,
ransom: 몸값, 속죄하다, 공갈, 의 전하, 아비, 낳게 하다.
 Homer 355

you. Go, then, to the host and lay these commands upon him; say that the gods
are angry with him, and that I am myself more angry than them all, in that he
keeps Hector at the ships and will not give him up. He may thus fear me and let
the body go. At the same time I will send Iris to great Priam to bid him go to the
ships of the Achaeans, and ransom his son, taking with him such gifts for
Achilles as may give him satisfaction.”%
Silver-footed Thetis did as the god had told her, and forthwith down she
darted from the topmost summits of Olympus. She went to her son’s tents where
she found him grieving bitterly, while his trusty comrades round him were busy
preparing their morning meal, for which they had killed a great woolly sheep.
His mother sat down beside him and caressed him with her hand saying, “My
son, how long will you keep on thus grieving and making moan? You are
gnawing at your own heart, and think neither of food nor of woman’s embraces;
and yet these too were well, for you have no long time to live, and death with the
strong hand of fate are already close beside you. Now, therefore, heed what I
say, for I come as a messenger from Jove; he says that the gods are angry with
you, and himself more angry than them all, in that you keep Hector at the ships
and will not give him up. Therefore let him go, and accept a ransom for his
body.”
And Achilles answered, “So be it. If Olympian Jove of his own motion thus
commands me, let him that brings the ransom bear the body away.”
Thus did mother and son talk together at the ships in long discourse with one
another. Meanwhile the son of Saturn sent Iris to the strong city of Ilius. “Go,”
said he, “fleet Iris, from the mansions of Olympus, and tell King Priam in Ilius,
that he is to go to the ships of the Achaeans and free the body of his dear son. He
is to take such gifts with him as shall give satisfaction to Achilles, and he is to go
alone, with no other Trojan, save only some honoured servant who may drive his
mules and waggon, and bring back the body of him whom noble Achilles has
slain. Let him have no thought nor fear of death in his heart, for we will send the
slayer of Argus to escort him, and bring him within the tent of Achilles. Achilles

Korean
achilles: 아킬레스. 사자. 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 moan: 신음하다, 한탄하다, 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로. 끙끙거리다, 신음, 슬픔의 신음, 불행 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
gnawing: 쏠기, 갉기, 쏘는, 괴롭히는, 따위를 한탄하다, 고통의 신음, 신음 광차.
부단한 고통, 근임없는 고통, 갉는, 소리. woolly: 희미한 모직의 옷, 양털의,
가책 갉아먹는, 에일 듯한, 에는 듯한. slayer: 살해자. 뭉게뭉게 피어오른, 양털 같은,
heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다, topmost: 최고의, 절정의, 최상의. 양모의, 알아들을 수 없는, 솜털이
주의하다. trusty: 모범수, 믿을 수 있는, 신뢰할 있는, 모직 내의, 거칠고 활기 있는,
mansions: 아파트. 수 있는, 신용할 수 있는, 믿을 만한 모직 의류.
messenger: 심부름꾼, 선구, 연줄에 사람.
달아 바람에 울게 하는 종이, 전조, waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
356 The Iliad

will%not kill him nor let another do so, for he will take heed to his ways and sin
not, and he will entreat a suppliant with all honourable courtesy.”
On this Iris, fleet as the wind, sped forth to deliver her message. She went to
Priam’s house, and found weeping and lamentation therein. His sons were
seated round their father in the outer courtyard, and their raiment was wet with
tears: the old man sat in the midst of them with his mantle wrapped close about
his body, and his head and neck all covered with the filth which he had clutched
as he lay grovelling in the mire. His daughters and his sons’ wives went wailing
about the house, as they thought of the many and brave men who lay dead, slain
by the Argives. The messenger of Jove stood by Priam and spoke softly to him,
but fear fell upon him as she did so. “Take heart,” she said, “Priam offspring of
Dardanus, take heart and fear not. I bring no evil tidings, but am minded well
towards you. I come as a messenger from Jove, who though he be not near, takes
thought for you and pities you. The lord of Olympus bids you go and ransom
noble Hector, and take with you such gifts as shall give satisfaction to Achilles.
You are to go alone, with no Trojan, save only some honoured servant who may
drive your mules and waggon, and bring back to the city the body of him whom
noble Achilles has slain. You are to have no thought, nor fear of death, for Jove
will send the slayer of Argus to escort you. When he has brought you within
Achilles’ tent, Achilles will not kill you nor let another do so, for he will take
heed to his ways and sin not, and he will entreat a suppliant with all honourable
courtesy.”
Iris went her way when she had thus spoken, and Priam told his sons to get a
mule-waggon ready, and to make the body of the waggon fast upon the top of its
bed. Then he went down into his fragrant store-room, high-vaulted, and made of
cedar-wood, where his many treasures were kept, and he called Hecuba his wife.
“Wife,” said he, “a messenger has come to me from Olympus, and has told me to
go to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom my dear son, taking with me such gifts
as shall give satisfaction to Achilles. What think you of this matter? for my own
part I am greatly moved to pass through the camps of the Achaeans and go to
their ships.”

Korean
entreat: 탄원하다, 간절히부탁하다, mire: 진흙, 수렁, 진창, 궁지, slayer: 살해자.
간청하다, 취급하다. 진흙으로 더럽히다, 궁지에 몰아넣다, suppliant: 탄원하는, 애원하는 듯한,
filth: 오물, 외설, 추잡, 음담패설. 진창에 빠지다. 탄원자, 탄원하는 듯한.
fragrant: 상쾌한, 냄새가좋은, 냄새가 raiment: 의류, 의복. tidings: 소식, 통지, 사건, 기별.
좋은, 향기로운. ransom: 몸값, 속죄하다, 공갈, 의 waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
grovelling: 설설 기는, 넙죽 엎드리는, 몸값을 요구하다, 의 배상금을 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
굽실거리는. 요구하다, 포로의 몸값, 몸값을 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다, 치르고 석방됨, 배상금을 치르고 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
주의하다. 사람을 되찾다, 사람을 되찾다, 에게 광차.
lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 몸값을 요구하다, 에게 배상금을
애가. 요구하다.
 Homer 357

His wife cried aloud as she heard him, and said, “Alas, what has become of
that judgement for which you have been ever famous both among strangers and
your own people? How can you venture alone to the ships of the Achaeans, and
look into the face of him who has slain so many of your brave sons? You must
have iron courage, for if the cruel savage sees you and lays hold on you, he will
know neither respect nor pity. Let us then weep Hector from afar here in our
own house, for when I gave him birth the threads of overruling fate were spun
for him that dogs should eat his flesh far from his parents, in the house of that
terrible man on whose liver I would fain fasten and devour it. Thus would I
avenge my son, who showed no cowardice when Achilles slew him, and
thought neither of flight nor of avoiding battle as he stood in defence of Trojan
men and Trojan women.”%
Then Priam said, “I would go, do not therefore stay me nor be as a bird of ill
omen in my house, for you will not move me. Had it been some mortal man who
had sent me some prophet or priest who divines from sacrifice—I should have
deemed him false and have given him no heed; but now I have heard the
goddess and seen her face to face, therefore I will go and her saying shall not be
in vain. If it be my fate to die at the ships of the Achaeans even so would I have
it; let Achilles slay me, if I may but first have taken my son in my arms and
mourned him to my heart’s comforting.”
So saying he lifted the lids of his chests, and took out twelve goodly
vestments. He took also twelve cloaks of single fold, twelve rugs, twelve fair
mantles, and an equal number of shirts. He weighed out ten talents of gold, and
brought moreover two burnished tripods, four cauldrons, and a very beautiful
cup which the Thracians had given him when he had gone to them on an
embassy; it was very precious, but he grudged not even this, so eager was he to
ransom the body of his son. Then he chased all the Trojans from the court and
rebuked them with words of anger. “Out,” he cried, “shame and disgrace to me
that you are. Have you no grief in your own homes that you are come to plague
me here? Is it a small thing, think you, that the son of Saturn has sent this sorrow
upon me, to lose the bravest of my sons? Nay, you shall prove it in person, for

Korean
avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, 사명, 대사관 직원, 사절 일행. precious: 귀중한, 귀여운, 순전한,
원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, 앙갚음하다, fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, 지독한, 소중한, 비싼, 점잔빼는,
보복하다, 에게 복수 하다, 의 복수를 하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, 꾀까다로운, 대단한, 몹시, 소중한
하다. 부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는. 사람.
cowardice: 겁, 비겁, 소심. fasten: 잠기다, 멈추다, 잠그다, slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다,
devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, 고착하다, 꽉달라붙다, 꽉 달라붙다, 끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시
개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, 단단히 고정시키다, 웃기다.
개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, 단단히고정시키다, 붙들어 매다, slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
게걸스레 먹다. 붙들어매다, 고정하다. 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
embassy: 대사관, 대사의 임무, goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가
사절단, 대사관 전원, 사절, 대사의 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰.
358 The Iliad

now%he is gone the Achaeans will have easier work in killing you. As for me, let
me go down within the house of Hades, ere mine eyes behold the sacking and
wasting of the city.”
He drove the men away with his staff, and they went forth as the old man
sped them. Then he called to his sons, upbraiding Helenus, Paris, noble
Agathon, Pammon, Antiphonus, Polites of the loud battle-cry, Deiphobus,
Hippothous, and Dius. These nine did the old man call near him. “Come to me at
once,” he cried, “worthless sons who do me shame; would that you had all been
killed at the ships rather than Hector. Miserable man that I am, I have had the
bravest sons in all Troy—noble Nestor, Troilus the dauntless charioteer, and
Hector who was a god among men, so that one would have thought he was son
to an immortal—yet there is not one of them left. Mars has slain them and those
of whom I am ashamed are alone left me. Liars, and light of foot, heroes of the
dance, robbers of lambs and kids from your own people, why do you not get a
waggon ready for me at once, and put all these things upon it that I may set out
on my way?”
Thus did he speak, and they feared the rebuke of their father. They brought
out a strong mule-waggon, newly made, and set the body of the waggon fast on
its bed. They took the mule-yoke from the peg on which it hung, a yoke of
boxwood with a knob on the top of it and rings for the reins to go through. Then
they brought a yoke-band eleven cubits long, to bind the yoke to the pole; they
bound it on at the far end of the pole, and put the ring over the upright pin
making it fast with three turns of the band on either side the knob, and bending
the thong of the yoke beneath it. This done, they brought from the store-chamber
the rich ransom that was to purchase the body of Hector, and they set it all
orderly on the waggon; then they yoked the strong harness-mules which the
Mysians had on a time given as a goodly present to Priam; but for Priam himself
they yoked horses which the old king had bred, and kept for own use.
Thus heedfully did Priam and his servant see to the yolking of their cars at
the palace. Then Hecuba came to them all sorrowful, with a golden goblet of
wine in her right hand, that they might make a drink-offering before they set out.

Korean
boxwood: 회양목, 회양목재, 회양 작고 둥근 덩어리, 에 손잡이를 달다. 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
목재. sorrowful: 슬픈, 가슴아픈, 광차.
charioteer: 차로 나르다, 몰다, 이륜 슬퍼보이는, 애처로운, 슬퍼하는, wasting: 소모성의, 황폐하게 하는,
전차를 모는 사람, 이륜 전차를 몰다. 슬프게 하는, 슬픔에 젖은, 후회하는. 낭비.
ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. thong: 가죽끈, 회초리끈, 가죽 끈, yoke: 멍에, 멜대, 어깨, 한쌍의 가축,
goblet: 받침 달린 컵, 고블릿. 가죽 끈으로 때리다, 가죽 끈을 달다. 허리, 지배, 어울리다, 멍에문, 함께
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 upbraiding: 비판, 비난, 비난하는, 일하다, 결합시키다, 이음목.
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. 나무라는, 비난하는 질책.
heedfully: 주의 깊게. waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
knob: 혹, 손잡이, 작고 둥근 언덕, 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
마디, 설상가상으로, 혹이 생기다, 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
 Homer 359

She stood in front of the horses and said, “Take this, make a drink-offering to
father Jove, and since you are minded to go to the ships in spite of me, pray that
you may come safely back from the hands of your enemies. Pray to the son of
Saturn lord of the whirlwind, who sits on Ida and looks down over all Troy,
pray him to send his swift messenger on your right hand, the bird of omen
which is strongest and most dear to him of all birds, that you may see it with
your own eyes and trust it as you go forth to the ships of the Danaans. If all-
seeing Jove will not send you this messenger, however set upon it you may be, I
would not have you go to the ships of the Argives.”%
And Priam answered, “Wife, I will do as you desire me; it is well to lift hands
in prayer to Jove, if so be he may have mercy upon me.”
With this the old man bade the serving-woman pour pure water over his
hands, and the woman came, bearing the water in a bowl. He washed his hands
and took the cup from his wife; then he made the drink-offering and prayed,
standing in the middle of the courtyard and turning his eyes to heaven. “Father
Jove,” he said, “that rulest from Ida, most glorious and most great, grant that I
may be received kindly and compassionately in the tents of Achilles; and send
your swift messenger upon my right hand, the bird of omen which is strongest
and most dear to you of all birds, that I may see it with my own eyes and trust it
as I go forth to the ships of the Danaans.”
So did he pray, and Jove the lord of counsel heard his prayer. Forthwith he
sent an eagle, the most unerring portent of all birds that fly, the dusky hunter
that men also call the Black Eagle. His wings were spread abroad on either side
as wide as the well-made and well-bolted door of a rich man’s chamber. He
came to them flying over the city upon their right hands, and when they saw him
they were glad and their hearts took comfort within them. The old man made
haste to mount his chariot, and drove out through the inner gateway and under
the echoing gatehouse of the outer court. Before him went the mules drawing the
four-wheeled waggon, and driven by wise Idaeus; behind these were the horses,
which the old man lashed with his whip and drove swiftly through the city,
while his friends followed after, wailing and lamenting for him as though he

chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다,
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차.
dusky: 거무스름한, 어스레한, 음울한.
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로.
gatehouse: 수위실, 누대, 문지기 집.
haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다,
서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함.
lashed: 속눈썹이 있는, 속눈썹이 ...한.
messenger: 심부름꾼, 선구, 연줄에
Korean
달아 바람에 울게 하는 종이, 전조, 틀리지 않는.
사자. waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
minded: 할 마음이 있는, 마음이 있는, 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
한 마음의, 하고 싶은 마음이 있는. 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
omen: 전조. 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
portent: 전조, 흉조, 불길한 일의 조짐, 광차.
중대한 일의 조짐, 조짐. well-made: 균형이 잡힌, 잘 만든,
spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 짓궂게 모양 좋은, 날씬한, 잘 된, 잘
굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 불구하고, 만들어진.
짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다. whirlwind: 선풍, 회오리 바람,
unerring: 잘못이 없는, 틀림 없는, 급격한, 소용돌이침.
360 The Iliad

were on his road to death. As soon as they had come down from the city and had
reached the plain, his sons and sons-in-law who had followed him went back to
Ilius.%
But Priam and Idaeus as they showed out upon the plain did not escape the
ken of all-seeing Jove, who looked down upon the old man and pitied him; then
he spoke to his son Mercury and said, “Mercury, for it is you who are the most
disposed to escort men on their way, and to hear those whom you will hear, go,
and so conduct Priam to the ships of the Achaeans that no other of the Danaans
shall see him nor take note of him until he reach the son of Peleus.”
Thus he spoke and Mercury, guide and guardian, slayer of Argus, did as he
was told. Forthwith he bound on his glittering golden sandals with which he
could fly like the wind over land and sea; he took the wand with which he seals
men’s eyes in sleep, or wakes them just as he pleases, and flew holding it in his
hand till he came to Troy and to the Hellespont. To look at, he was like a young
man of noble birth in the hey-day of his youth and beauty with the down just
coming upon his face.
Now when Priam and Idaeus had driven past the great tomb of Ilius, they
stayed their mules and horses that they might drink in the river, for the shades of
night were falling, when, therefore, Idaeus saw Mercury standing near them he
said to Priam, “Take heed, descendant of Dardanus; here is matter which
demands consideration. I see a man who I think will presently fall upon us; let us
fly with our horses, or at least embrace his knees and implore him to take
compassion upon us?”
When he heard this the old man’s heart failed him, and he was in great fear;
he stayed where he was as one dazed, and the hair stood on end over his whole
body; but the bringer of good luck came up to him and took him by the hand,
saying, “Whither, father, are you thus driving your mules and horses in the dead
of night when other men are asleep? Are you not afraid of the fierce Achaeans
who are hard by you, so cruel and relentless? Should some one of them see you
bearing so much treasure through the darkness of the flying night, what would
not your state then be? You are no longer young, and he who is with you is too

Korean
compassion: 동정, 연민, 측은히 여김, forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧
동정심. 실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로.
conduct: 행위, 지도, 수행하다, glittering: 빛나는, 반짝이는.
지휘하다, 이끌다, 품행, 안내하다, heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다,
행동하다, 전도하다, 지휘, 교목. 주의하다.
descendant: 자손. implore: 간청하다, 애원하다,
disposed: 배치된, 한 감정을 품고, 할 탄원하다.
생각이 있는. ken: 시계, 지식 범위, 시야, 남자 이름,
escort: 호위자, 호위하다, 호위, 호송, 발견하다, 안계, 소굴, 알다, 지력의
호송하다, 남성 동반자, 호위대, 범위, 인정하다.
경호하다, 동행하다. relentless: 잔인한, 냉혹한, 가차없는,
무자비한.
sandals: 샌들.
slayer: 살해자.
tomb: 무덤, 매장하다, 묘비, 죽음.
treasure: 보물, 보배, 비장하다,
명기하다, 재보, 재산을 던지다,
진중히 여기다, 귀여운 너, 금전,
명심하다.
wand: 지휘봉, 지팡이, 과녁판, 관장,
직표, 표적판.
 Homer 361

old to protect you from those who would attack you. For myself, I will do you no
harm, and I will defend you from any one else, for you remind me of my own
father.”%
And Priam answered, “It is indeed as you say, my dear son; nevertheless
some god has held his hand over me, in that he has sent such a wayfarer as
yourself to meet me so opportunely; you are so comely in mien and figure, and
your judgement is so excellent that you must come of blessed parents.”
Then said the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, “Sir, all that you have
said is right; but tell me and tell me true, are you taking this rich treasure to send
it to a foreign people where it may be safe, or are you all leaving strong Ilius in
dismay now that your son has fallen who was the bravest man among you and
was never lacking in battle with the Achaeans?”
And Priam said, “Who are you, my friend, and who are your parents, that
you speak so truly about the fate of my unhappy son?”
The slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, answered him, “Sir, you would
prove me, that you question me about noble Hector. Many a time have I set eyes
upon him in battle when he was driving the Argives to their ships and putting
them to the sword. We stood still and marvelled, for Achilles in his anger with
the son of Atreus suffered us not to fight. I am his squire, and came with him in
the same ship. I am a Myrmidon, and my father’s name is Polyctor: he is a rich
man and about as old as you are; he has six sons besides myself, and I am the
seventh. We cast lots, and it fell upon me to sail hither with Achilles. I am now
come from the ships on to the plain, for with daybreak the Achaeans will set
battle in array about the city. They chafe at doing nothing, and are so eager that
their princes cannot hold them back.”
Then answered Priam, “If you are indeed the squire of Achilles son of Peleus,
tell me now the whole truth. Is my son still at the ships, or has Achilles hewn
him limb from limb, and given him to his hounds?”
“Sir,” replied the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, “neither hounds nor
vultures have yet devoured him; he is still just lying at the tents by the ship of

Korean
besides: 제외하고, 그위에, 게다가, 얼굴이 잘생긴, 미모의, 얼굴이 잘
게다가-더하여, 이외에, 을 제외하고, 생긴.
외에는, 더하여, 그 위에, 그 밖에, daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘.
이외에도. figure: 인물, 숫자, 모습, 도안, 도형,
chafe: 쓸려서 벗겨지게 하다, 상징, 초상, 외관, 피겨스케이트,
약올리다, 찰상, 약오름, 약오르다, 자릿수, 도해.
부딪히다, 비벼서 따뜻하게 하다, foreign: 외국의, 외래의, 관계없는,
몸을 비벼대다, 짜증, 몸을 비비다- 이질의, 타주의.
찰과상, 벗어지게하다. hewn: 찍은.
comely: 적당한, 알맞은, 걸맞는, hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로,
자색이고운, 아름다운, 어울리는, 여기에.
lacking: 이 결핍된, 결핍되어.
mien: 풍채, 태도.
opportunely: 마침 좋은 시기에.
slayer: 살해자.
squire: 기사의 종자, 시골 유지,
대지주, 여자를 모시고 다니는 신사,
모시고 다니다, 치안판사, 치안 판사,
에스코트하다, 시골의 대지주, 숙녀를
에스코트하는 사람, 변호사.
wayfarer: 나그네, 단기 숙박자,
여행자.
362 The Iliad

Achilles, and though it is now twelve days that he has lain there, his flesh is not
wasted nor have the worms eaten him although they feed on warriors. At
daybreak Achilles drags him cruelly round the sepulchre of his dear comrade,
but it does him no hurt. You should come yourself and see how he lies fresh as
dew, with the blood all washed away, and his wounds every one of them closed
though many pierced him with their spears. Such care have the blessed gods
taken of your brave son, for he was dear to them beyond all measure.”%
The old man was comforted as he heard him and said, “My son, see what a
good thing it is to have made due offerings to the immortals; for as sure as that
he was born my son never forgot the gods that hold Olympus, and now they
requite it to him even in death. Accept therefore at my hands this goodly
chalice; guard me and with heaven’s help guide me till I come to the tent of the
son of Peleus.”
Then answered the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, “Sir, you are
tempting me and playing upon my youth, but you shall not move me, for you
are offering me presents without the knowledge of Achilles whom I fear and
hold it great guilt to defraud, lest some evil presently befall me; but as your
guide I would go with you even to Argos itself, and would guard you so
carefully whether by sea or land, that no one should attack you through making
light of him who was with you.”
The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip
and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached
the trench and the wall that was before the ships, those who were on guard had
just been getting their suppers, and the slayer of Argus threw them all into a
deep sleep. Then he drew back the bolts to open the gates, and took Priam inside
with the treasure he had upon his waggon. Ere long they came to the lofty
dwelling of the son of Peleus for which the Myrmidons had cut pine and which
they had built for their king; when they had built it they thatched it with coarse
tussock-grass which they had mown out on the plain, and all round it they made
a large courtyard, which was fenced with stakes set close together. The gate was
barred with a single bolt of pine which it took three men to force into its place,

Korean
barred: 모래톱이 있는, 빗장이 있는, 잔혹하게. 보답하다.
줄 있는, 줄무늬가 있는, 가두어 버린, daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘. sepulchre: 무덤, 매장, 지하 매장소,
빗장이 달린, 줄이 있는. defraud: 속이다, 편취하다, 속여서 무덤에 인치하다.
befall: 일어나다, 재난이 닥치다, 빼앗다. slayer: 살해자.
닥치다, 생기다. ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. tempting: 유혹하는, 황홀하게 하는,
chalice: 배상화, 성찬배, 성작, 굽달린 goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 부추기는, 마음이 당기는.
큰 잔, 성배. 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
coarse: 야비한, 조잡한, 결이 거친, guilt: 죄, 비행, 유죄, 죄의식. 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
조제의, 하치의, 천한, 상스러운, mown: 나우의 과거 분사. 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
추잡한, 눈, 굵은, 거친. requite: 보답하다, 보복하다, 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
cruelly: 잔인하게, 몹시, 지독하게, 답례하다, 복수하다, 보상하다, 에 광차.
 Homer 363

and%three to draw back so as to open the gate, but Achilles could draw it by
himself. Mercury opened the gate for the old man, and brought in the treasure
that he was taking with him for the son of Peleus. Then he sprang from the
chariot on to the ground and said, “Sir, it is I, immortal Mercury, that am come
with you, for my father sent me to escort you. I will now leave you, and will not
enter into the presence of Achilles, for it might anger him that a god should
befriend mortal men thus openly. Go you within, and embrace the knees of the
son of Peleus: beseech him by his father, his lovely mother, and his son; thus you
may move him.”
With these words Mercury went back to high Olympus. Priam sprang from
his chariot to the ground, leaving Idaeus where he was, in charge of the mules
and horses. The old man went straight into the house where Achilles, loved of
the gods, was sitting. There he found him with his men seated at a distance from
him: only two, the hero Automedon, and Alcimus of the race of Mars, were busy
in attendance about his person, for he had but just done eating and drinking, and
the table was still there. King Priam entered without their seeing him, and going
right up to Achilles he clasped his knees and kissed the dread murderous hands
that had slain so many of his sons.
As when some cruel spite has befallen a man that he should have killed some
one in his own country, and must fly to a great man’s protection in a land of
strangers, and all marvel who see him, even so did Achilles marvel as he beheld
Priam. The others looked one to another and marvelled also, but Priam besought
Achilles saying, “Think of your father, O Achilles like unto the gods, who is such
even as I am, on the sad threshold of old age. It may be that those who dwell
near him harass him, and there is none to keep war and ruin from him. Yet when
he hears of you being still alive, he is glad, and his days are full of hope that he
shall see his dear son come home to him from Troy; but I, wretched man that I
am, had the bravest in all Troy for my sons, and there is not one of them left. I
had fifty sons when the Achaeans came here; nineteen of them were from a
single womb, and the others were borne to me by the women of my household.
The greater part of them has fierce Mars laid low, and Hector, him who was

Korean
attendance: 출석, 시중, 돌봄, 참석, 생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히 일, 불가사의하게 여기다, 놀라다,
출근, 간호, 출석자수, 관객수, 발음하다, 길게논하다, 놀람.
서비스, 서비스료. 곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다, mercury: 수은, 머큐리신, 수은제,
befriend: 돕다, 친구가 되다, 사귀다, 머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다. 웅변, 수성, 수은주, 숙련, 산쪽풀,
돌보아주다, 의 편이 되다. harass: 괴롭히다. 머큐리, 사자.
beseech: 간청하다, 탄원하다, immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, murderous: 살인의, 잔인한, 살인적인.
간원하다, 원하다, 청하다. 불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 짓궂게
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 불구하고,
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의, 짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다.
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람. unto: 까지, 에, 에게로.
dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이 marvel: 경이, 놀라운 것, 경탄, 놀라운
364 The Iliad

alone left, him who was the guardian of the city and ourselves, him have you
lately slain; therefore I am now come to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom his
body from you with a great ransom. Fear, O Achilles, the wrath of heaven; think
on your own father and have compassion upon me, who am the more pitiable,
for I have steeled myself as no man yet has ever steeled himself before me, and
have raised to my lips the hand of him who slew my son.”%
Thus spoke Priam, and the heart of Achilles yearned as he bethought him of
his father. He took the old man’s hand and moved him gently away. The two
wept bitterly—Priam, as he lay at Achilles’ feet, weeping for Hector, and Achilles
now for his father and now for Patroclous, till the house was filled with their
lamentation. But when Achilles was now sated with grief and had unburthened
the bitterness of his sorrow, he left his seat and raised the old man by the hand,
in pity for his white hair and beard; then he said, “Unhappy man, you have
indeed been greatly daring; how could you venture to come alone to the ships of
the Achaeans, and enter the presence of him who has slain so many of your
brave sons? You must have iron courage: sit now upon this seat, and for all our
grief we will hide our sorrows in our hearts, for weeping will not avail us. The
immortals know no care, yet the lot they spin for man is full of sorrow; on the
floor of Jove’s palace there stand two urns, the one filled with evil gifts, and the
other with good ones. He for whom Jove the lord of thunder mixes the gifts he
sends, will meet now with good and now with evil fortune; but he to whom Jove
sends none but evil gifts will be pointed at by the finger of scorn, the hand of
famine will pursue him to the ends of the world, and he will go up and down
the face of the earth, respected neither by gods nor men. Even so did it befall
Peleus; the gods endowed him with all good things from his birth upwards, for
he reigned over the Myrmidons excelling all men in prosperity and wealth, and
mortal though he was they gave him a goddess for his bride. But even on him
too did heaven send misfortune, for there is no race of royal children born to him
in his house, save one son who is doomed to die all untimely; nor may I take care
of him now that he is growing old, for I must stay here at Troy to be the bane of
you and your children. And you too, O Priam, I have heard that you were
aforetime happy. They say that in wealth and plenitude of offspring you
Korean
aforetime: 이전에, 미리, 앞서. 최저가격, 촬영소, 마루, 입회장, 훌륭한 저택, 궁정의 유력자들.
bane: 독, 파멸, 해, 파멸의 원인. 마루를 깔다, 바닥, 마루바닥에 앉히. pitiable: 비천한, 가엾은.
famine: 기근, 대부족, 식량 부족, gently: 점잖게, 부드럽게, 서서히, plenitude: 풍부, 완전, 충분.
고갈, 굶주림. 양반답게, 조용히, 완만하게, prosperity: 번영, 행운, 성공.
finger: 손가락, 손가락을 대다, 온화하게, 예의범절이 바르게, sated: 넌더리나도록 물린, 넌더리나
탄주하다, 켜다, 손가락 모양의 물건, 우아하게, 천천히, 친절히. 있다.
만지다, 을 손가락으로 젖히다, 을 growing: 성장하는, 증대하는, 성장, slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창,
손가락으로 넘기다, 악기가 생성, 발육. 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪.
손가락으로 연주되다, 손가락으로 lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 wrath: 격노, 복수, 벌.
만지다, 손가락 폭. 애가.
floor: 층, 의원석, 제작, 발언권, palace: 궁전, 큰 저택, 측근의, 궁전의,
 Homer 365

surpassed all that is in Lesbos, the realm of Makar to the northward, Phrygia that
is more inland, and those that dwell upon the great Hellespont; but from the day
when the dwellers in heaven sent this evil upon you, war and slaughter have
been about your city continually. Bear up against it, and let there be some
intervals in your sorrow. Mourn as you may for your brave son, you will take
nothing by it. You cannot raise him from the dead, ere you do so yet another
sorrow shall befall you.”%
And Priam answered, “O king, bid me not be seated, while Hector is still
lying uncared for in your tents, but accept the great ransom which I have
brought you, and give him to me at once that I may look upon him. May you
prosper with the ransom and reach your own land in safety, seeing that you have
suffered me to live and to look upon the light of the sun.”
Achilles looked at him sternly and said, “Vex me, sir, no longer; I am of
myself minded to give up the body of Hector. My mother, daughter of the old
man of the sea, came to me from Jove to bid me deliver it to you. Moreover I
know well, O Priam, and you cannot hide it, that some god has brought you to
the ships of the Achaeans, for else, no man however strong and in his prime
would dare to come to our host; he could neither pass our guard unseen, nor
draw the bolt of my gates thus easily; therefore, provoke me no further, lest I sin
against the word of Jove, and suffer you not, suppliant though you are, within
my tents.”
The old man feared him and obeyed. Then the son of Peleus sprang like a lion
through the door of his house, not alone, but with him went his two squires
Automedon and Alcimus who were closer to him than any others of his
comrades now that Patroclus was no more. These unyoked the horses and mules,
and bade Priam’s herald and attendant be seated within the house. They lifted
the ransom for Hector’s body from the waggon. but they left two mantles and a
goodly shirt, that Achilles might wrap the body in them when he gave it to be
taken home. Then he called to his servants and ordered them to wash the body
and anoint it, but he first took it to a place where Priam should not see it, lest if
he did so, he should break out in the bitterness of his grief, and enrage Achilles,

Korean
anoint: 기름을 바르다, 머리에 기름을 내륙, 국내의, 내지, 내륙의, 국내에 미리 가르치다, 마중물을 붓다,
부어 신성하게 하다, 기름을바르다, 한정된, 국내에, 국내로. 화약을 재다, 봄, 최상의.
기름을뿌리다, 성직에 임명하다. mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, sternly: 엄숙하게, 단호하게,
befall: 일어나다, 재난이 닥치다, 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, 피폐하게, 엄격하게, 엄하게.
닥치다, 생기다. 탄식하다. suppliant: 탄원하는, 애원하는 듯한,
enrage: 격노하게하다, 성나게 하다, northward: 북방, 북을 향하여, 탄원자, 탄원하는 듯한.
화나게 하다. 북쪽으로, 북쪽으로의, 북, 북을향한, waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. 북으로 향한, 북쪽으로 향해서, 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 북쪽으로 향한, 북으로 향해서. 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰. prime: 코치하다, 초기, 청춘, 충분히 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
inland: 국내, 오지, 내지의, 내륙으로, 먹게 하다, 초벌칠을 하다, 수위의, 광차.
366 The Iliad

who might then kill him and sin against the word of Jove. When the servants had
washed the body and anointed it, and had wrapped it in a fair shirt and mantle,
Achilles himself lifted it on to a bier, and he and his men then laid it on the
waggon. He cried aloud as he did so and called on the name of his dear comrade,
“Be not angry with me, Patroclus,” he said, “if you hear even in the house of
Hades that I have given Hector to his father for a ransom. It has been no
unworthy one, and I will share it equitably with you.”%
Achilles then went back into the tent and took his place on the richly inlaid
seat from which he had risen, by the wall that was at right angles to the one
against which Priam was sitting. “Sir,” he said, “your son is now laid upon his
bier and is ransomed according to desire; you shall look upon him when you
him away at daybreak; for the present let us prepare our supper. Even lovely
Niobe had to think about eating, though her twelve children—six daughters and
six lusty sons—had been all slain in her house. Apollo killed the sons with
arrows from his silver bow, to punish Niobe, and Diana slew the daughters,
because Niobe had vaunted herself against Leto; she said Leto had borne two
children only, whereas she had herself borne many—whereon the two killed the
many. Nine days did they lie weltering, and there was none to bury them, for the
son of Saturn turned the people into stone; but on the tenth day the gods in
heaven themselves buried them, and Niobe then took food, being worn out with
weeping. They say that somewhere among the rocks on the mountain pastures
of Sipylus, where the nymphs live that haunt the river Achelous, there, they say,
she lives in stone and still nurses the sorrows sent upon her by the hand of
heaven. Therefore, noble sir, let us two now take food; you can weep for your
dear son hereafter as you are bearing him back to Ilius—and many a tear will he
cost you.”
With this Achilles sprang from his seat and killed a sheep of silvery
whiteness, which his followers skinned and made ready all in due order. They
cut the meat carefully up into smaller pieces, spitted them, and drew them off
again when they were well roasted. Automedon brought bread in fair baskets
and served it round the table, while Achilles dealt out the meat, and they laid

Korean
according: 그러므로, 따라서, silvery: 은빛의, 은과 같은, 은을 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
나름으로, 에 따라, 에 의하여. 함유한, 은 같은, 은의, 은방울을 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘. 굴리는 듯한. 광차.
daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘. slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창, weep: 울다, 흘리다, 눈물을 흘리다,
equitably: 공정하게, 정당하게, 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪. 슬퍼하다, 스며 나오게 하다,
형법상으로 유효하게. unworthy: 의 가치 없는, 가치없는, 물방울이 듣다, 비탄하다, 스며내다,
hereafter: 내세에서, 금후, 앞으로, 부끄러운, 비열한, 가치 없는, 변변치 에 눈물을 흘리다, 물기를 내뿜다,
이후. 못한 사람, 알맞지 않은. 가지를 축 늘어뜨리다.
inlaid: 상감의, 박이 넣은, 상감 vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의. whiteness: 흼, 순백함, 결백, 창백함,
세공을한. waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건 창백, 순결, 백색 물질.
lusty: 튼튼한, 원기 왕성한. 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
 Homer 367

their hands on the good things that were before them. As soon as they had had
enough to eat and drink, Priam, descendant of Dardanus, marvelled at the
strength and beauty of Achilles for he was as a god to see, and Achilles
marvelled at Priam as he listened to him and looked upon his noble presence.
When they had gazed their fill Priam spoke first. “And now, O king,” he said,
“take me to my couch that we may lie down and enjoy the blessed boon of sleep.
Never once have my eyes been closed from the day your hands took the life of
my son; I have grovelled without ceasing in the mire of my stable-yard, making
moan and brooding over my countless sorrows. Now, moreover, I have eaten
bread and drunk wine; hitherto I have tasted nothing.”%
As he spoke Achilles told his men and the women-servants to set beds in the
room that was in the gatehouse, and make them with good red rugs, and spread
coverlets on the top of them with woollen cloaks for Priam and Idaeus to wear.
So the maids went out carrying a torch and got the two beds ready in all haste.
Then Achilles said laughingly to Priam, “Dear sir, you shall lie outside, lest some
counsellor of those who in due course keep coming to advise with me should see
you here in the darkness of the flying night, and tell it to Agamemnon. This
might cause delay in the delivery of the body. And now tell me and tell me true,
for how many days would you celebrate the funeral rites of noble Hector? Tell
me, that I may hold aloof from war and restrain the host.”
And Priam answered, “Since, then, you suffer me to bury my noble son with
all due rites, do thus, Achilles, and I shall be grateful. You know how we are
pent up within our city; it is far for us to fetch wood from the mountain, and the
people live in fear. Nine days, therefore, will we mourn Hector in my house; on
the tenth day we will bury him and there shall be a public feast in his honour; on
the eleventh we will build a mound over his ashes, and on the twelfth, if there
be need, we will fight.”
And Achilles answered, “All, King Priam, shall be as you have said. I will
stay our fighting for as long a time as you have named.”
As he spoke he laid his hand on the old man’s right wrist, in token that he
should have no fear; thus then did Priam and his attendant sleep there in the

aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한,
초연해 있다-초연한.
boon: 부탁, 은혜, 유쾌한, 명랑한,
기분이 좋은, 재미있는, 혜택.
build: 세우다, 만듦새, 구조, 뼈대,
짓다, 만들다, 쌓아 올리다,
에의지하다, 체격, 늘리다, 내세우다.
ceasing: 중단, 중지.
delivery: 배달, 인도, 교부, 석방, 분만,
말투, 구조, 방출, 발송.
descendant: 자손.
Korean
eleventh: 제11의, 열한 명 한조의 것, 진창에 빠지다.
제 십일, 제 11, 오전 열한 시 경에 moan: 신음하다, 한탄하다,
먹는 가벼운 식사, 오전 열한 시 경에 끙끙거리다, 신음, 슬픔의 신음, 불행
먹는 가벼운 다과, 열한 시, 열한 개 따위를 한탄하다, 고통의 신음, 신음
한벌의 것, 열한, 십일, 십일의. 소리.
gatehouse: 수위실, 누대, 문지기 집. mound: 석가산, 작은 언덕, 투수판,
haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다, 흙무덤, 둑, 둑덕지게 하다.
서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함. mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다,
laughingly: 비웃듯이, 웃으며. 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다,
mire: 진흙, 수렁, 진창, 궁지, 탄식하다.
진흙으로 더럽히다, 궁지에 몰아넣다, pent: 다섯의 뜻의 결합사, 갇힌.
368 The Iliad

forecourt, full of thought, while Achilles lay in an inner room of the house, with
fair Briseis by his side.%
And now both gods and mortals were fast asleep through the livelong night,
but upon Mercury alone, the bringer of good luck, sleep could take no hold for
he was thinking all the time how to get King Priam away from the ships without
his being seen by the strong force of sentinels. He hovered therefore over Priam’s
head and said, “Sir, now that Achilles has spared your life, you seem to have no
fear about sleeping in the thick of your foes. You have paid a great ransom, and
have received the body of your son; were you still alive and a prisoner the sons
whom you have left at home would have to give three times as much to free you;
and so it would be if Agamemnon and the other Achaeans were to know of your
being here.”
When he heard this the old man was afraid and roused his servant. Mercury
then yoked their horses and mules, and drove them quickly through the host so
that no man perceived them. When they came to the ford of eddying Xanthus,
begotten of immortal Jove, Mercury went back to high Olympus, and dawn in
robe of saffron began to break over all the land. Priam and Idaeus then drove on
toward the city lamenting and making moan, and the mules drew the body of
Hector. No one neither man nor woman saw them, till Cassandra, fair as golden
Venus standing on Pergamus, caught sight of her dear father in his chariot, and
his servant that was the city’s herald with him. Then she saw him that was lying
upon the bier, drawn by the mules, and with a loud cry she went about the city
saying, “Come hither Trojans, men and women, and look on Hector; if ever you
rejoiced to see him coming from battle when he was alive, look now on him that
was the glory of our city and all our people.”
At this there was not man nor woman left in the city, so great a sorrow had
possessed them. Hard by the gates they met Priam as he was bringing in the
body. Hector’s wife and his mother were the first to mourn him: they flew
towards the waggon and laid their hands upon his head, while the crowd stood
weeping round them. They would have stayed before the gates, weeping and
lamenting the livelong day to the going down of the sun, had not Priam spoken

Korean
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘. 불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의, saffron: 사프란색, 사프란, 사프란 색,
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 명성이 사라지지 않는 사람. 사프란색의.
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, livelong: 오랜, 꼬박, 내내, 온, 긴, seem: 생각이 들다, 있을 것처럼
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 오래. 보이다, 같다, 로 보이다, 처럼
forecourt: 앞마당, 포어 코트, 마당, moan: 신음하다, 한탄하다, 보이다, 이 있는 것처럼 생각되다, 이
급유장, 포코트. 끙끙거리다, 신음, 슬픔의 신음, 불행 정말인 것 같다, 인 것처럼 생각되다.
hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 따위를 한탄하다, 고통의 신음, 신음 waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
여기에. 소리. 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 탄식하다. 광차.
 Homer 369

to them from the chariot and said, “Make way for the mules to pass you.
Afterwards when I have taken the body home you shall have your fill of
weeping.”%
On this the people stood asunder, and made a way for the waggon. When
they had borne the body within the house they laid it upon a bed and seated
minstrels round it to lead the dirge, whereon the women joined in the sad music
of their lament. Foremost among them all Andromache led their wailing as she
clasped the head of mighty Hector in her embrace. “Husband,” she cried, “you
have died young, and leave me in your house a widow; he of whom we are the
ill-starred parents is still a mere child, and I fear he may not reach manhood. Ere
he can do so our city will be razed and overthrown, for you who watched over it
are no more—you who were its saviour, the guardian of our wives and children.
Our women will be carried away captives to the ships, and I among them; while
you, my child, who will be with me will be put to some unseemly tasks, working
for a cruel master. Or, may be, some Achaean will hurl you (O miserable death)
from our walls, to avenge some brother, son, or father whom Hector slew; many
of them have indeed bitten the dust at his hands, for your father’s hand in battle
was no light one. Therefore do the people mourn him. You have left, O Hector,
sorrow unutterable to your parents, and my own grief is greatest of all, for you
did not stretch forth your arms and embrace me as you lay dying, nor say to me
any words that might have lived with me in my tears night and day for
evermore.”
Bitterly did she weep the while, and the women joined in her lament. Hecuba
in her turn took up the strains of woe. “Hector,” she cried, “dearest to me of all
my children. So long as you were alive the gods loved you well, and even in
death they have not been utterly unmindful of you; for when Achilles took any
other of my sons, he would sell him beyond the seas, to Samos Imbrus or rugged
Lemnos; and when he had slain you too with his sword, many a time did he drag
you round the sepulchre of his comrade—though this could not give him life—
yet here you lie all fresh as dew, and comely as one whom Apollo has slain with
his painless shafts.”

Korean
asunder: 파라광이의 수도, 따로따로, 없는. 흉하게, 부적당하게.
따로따로 떨어져, 떨어져서, saviour: 구조자, 구세주 그리스도. unutterable: 발음할 수 없는, 말도
조각조각, 조각조각으로, 떨어져. sepulchre: 무덤, 매장, 지하 매장소, 안되는, 이루 말할 수 없는, 말로
comely: 적당한, 알맞은, 걸맞는, 무덤에 인치하다. 표현할 수 없는, 철저한.
자색이고운, 아름다운, 어울리는, slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창, waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
얼굴이 잘생긴, 미모의, 얼굴이 잘 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪. 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
생긴. unmindful: 마음에 두지않는, 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
dirge: 만가, 애도가. 무관심한, 부주의한, 염두에 없는, 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
ill-starred: 액운을 타고난. 염두에 두지 않는. 광차.
painless: 공들인, 부지런한, 수고, unseemly: 꼴사나운, 꼴사납게, whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에.
힘드는, 고심, 고통이 없는, 아픔이 보기흉한, 부적당한, 보기 흉한, 보기
370 The Iliad

Thus did she too speak through her tears with bitter moan, and then Helen
for a third time took up the strain of lamentation. “Hector,” said she, “dearest of
all my brothers-in-law—for I am wife to Alexandrus who brought me hither to
Troy—would that I had died ere he did so—twenty years are come and gone
since I left my home and came from over the sea, but I have never heard one
word of insult or unkindness from you. When another would chide with me, as
it might be one of your brothers or sisters or of your brothers’ wives, or my
mother-in-law—for Priam was as kind to me as though he were my own father—
you would rebuke and check them with words of gentleness and goodwill.
Therefore my tears flow both for you and for my unhappy self, for there is no
one else in Troy who is kind to me, but all shrink and shudder as they go by
me.”%
She wept as she spoke and the vast crowd that was gathered round her
joined in her lament. Then King Priam spoke to them saying, “Bring wood, O
Trojans, to the city, and fear no cunning ambush of the Argives, for Achilles
when he dismissed me from the ships gave me his word that they should not
attack us until the morning of the twelfth day.”
Forthwith they yoked their oxen and mules and gathered together before the
city. Nine days long did they bring in great heaps of wood, and on the morning
of the tenth day with many tears they took brave Hector forth, laid his dead body
upon the summit of the pile, and set the fire thereto. Then when the child of
morning, rosy-fingered dawn, appeared on the eleventh day, the people again
assembled, round the pyre of mighty Hector. When they were got together, they
first quenched the fire with wine wherever it was burning, and then his brothers
and comrades with many a bitter tear gathered his white bones, wrapped them
in soft robes of purple, and laid them in a golden urn, which they placed in a
grave and covered over with large stones set close together. Then they built a
barrow hurriedly over it keeping guard on every side lest the Achaeans should
attack them before they had finished. When they had heaped up the barrow they
went back again into the city, and being well assembled they held high feast in
the house of Priam their king.

Korean
ambush: 잠복, 매복, 복병, 매복장소, 심각한, 중요한, 예사롭지 않은, rebuke: 비난, 힐책, 징계, 비난하다,
숨어서 기다리다, 메복하다. 침침한. 꾸짖다, 견책하다, 견책.
chide: 꾸짖다, 꾸짖어 쫓아내다, hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, thereto: 그밖에 다시, 거기에, 거기에
미친듯이 날뛰다, 에게 잔소리하다, 여기에. 더하여, 또, 게다가 또, 그것에.
미친 듯이 날뛰다. hurriedly: 매우 급히, 서둘러서. unkindness: 불친절, 몰인정, 무정,
ere: 하기 전에, 오히려. lament: 비탄, 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다, 매정.
gentleness: 친절, 온순, 과격하지 비가, 애석해 하다. urn: 항아리, 무덤, 납골단지, 커피
않음, 온화함, 상냥함, 부드러움, lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 끓이개, 유골 단지, 납골 단지에 넣다,
안은, 정다움. 애가. 대형 커피 포트, 납골 단지.
grave: 수수한, 무덤, 명심하다, oxen: 소의 복수형.
새기다, 중대한, 진지한, 묘혈, pyre: 화장용의 장작더미, 장작더미.
 Homer 371

Thus, %then, did they celebrate the funeral of Hector tamer of horses.

Korean
celebrate: 찬양하다, 거행하다,
기념일을 축하하다, 세상에 알리다,
축제 기분에 젖다, 축하하다,
찬미하다, 축하, 칭찬, 유명한, 식을
올려 기념하다.
funeral: 장례식의, 장례행렬, 장례식,
장례의, 싫은 일.
tamer: 길들이는 사람.
 372 The Iliad

GLOSSARY
abas: 아바스 accursed: 저주받은, 지겨운, 저주할 afflicted: 괴로워하는, 고민하는
abate: 덜다, 내리다, 할인하다, accusing: 비난하는, 나무라는, 죄가 affliction: 고통, 고민거리, 괴로움,
누구러지다, 누그러뜨리다, 있다고 하는, 책망하는 듯한, 병, 불행의 원인, 고뇌
누그러지다, 줄다 약해지다, 고발하는 afford: 산출하다, 여유가 있다, 할 수
중지하다, 감소시키다, 배제하다 achaea: 그리스의 한지방 있다, 할 힘이 있다, 할 여유가 있다,
abide: 지탱하다, 살다, 머무르다, achilles: 아킬레스 의 돈이 있다, 할 여가가 있다, 할
기다리다, 참고 견디다, 지속하다, aching: 쑤시는, 아픈 돈이 있다, 제공하다, 의 힘이 있다,
머물다, 달게 받다, 규칙을 엄수하다, acknowledge: 받았음을 알리다, 의 여가가 있다
각오하고 기다리다, 따르다 승인하다, 인정하다, 감사하다, afield: 들에, 집에서 떨어져,
abiding: 영속적인, 오래 지속되는 사례하다, 알아 차렸음을 알리다, 싸움터에서, 상궤를 벗어나, 벌판에,
abode: 체류, 주거, 거주, 주소 확인하다 들로, 헤맹, 집에서 멀리 떨어져,
abroad: 널리, 해외에, 틀려서, acquit: 석방하다, 변제, 방면하다, 고향에서 멀리 떨어져
퍼져서, 집 밖에, 밖에, 집 밖으로, 면제하다, 영주증, 다하다, 석방번, aforetime: 이전에, 미리, 앞서
잘못하여, 외국으로, 본거지 외에서, 수행, 행동하다, 연기하다, 을 afraid: 두려워하여, 근심하여,
국외로 해제하다 걱정하여, 유감으로 생각하다,
absence: 부재, 결핍, 방심, 결석, 없음 acropolis: 아크로폴리스, 고대 그리스 염려하여, 싫어하여
absent: 결석의, 없는, 부재의, 도시의 성채, 아테네의 성채, 성채 afterwards: 나중에, 후에
멍청한, 멍하게, 결근의, 결근하다, acting: 대리의, 직무 대행의, 행위, agamemnon: 미케네의 왕
결석하다, 결여된, 멍한, 출타중인 가짜의, 연출용의, 임시의 agave: 용설란, 용설락
abundance: 풍부, 부유, 윤택, 다수, actor: 행위자, 배위, 배우, 관여자 aged: 나이먹은, 오래된, 삶의, 낡은,
충분한 물작 공급, 충분한 물자 공급, addition: 부가, 부가물, 증가, 증축, 노인들, 늙은, 묵은, 살에, 살의, 노인
유복 가산, 덧셈, 직함 ageless: 늙지 않는, 영원의, 영원한,
abundant: 풍족한, 남아돌 종도의, admire: 감탄하다, 칭찬하다, 불로의
풍요로운, 풍부한 기뻐하다, 좋아하다, 찬미하다, aggrieved: 고민하는, 고통받고 있는,
abundantly: 남아돌 정도의 황홀하게 바라보다, 탄복하며 괴롭혀진, 권리를 침해당한, 불만을
abuse: 남용, 학대, 남용하다, 바라보다, 찬탄하다, 탄복하다 품은, 화가 난, 기분히 상한,
학대하다, 악습, 악용하다, 욕하다, admiringly: 감탄하며, 찬미하며 학대받은
욕, 악용, 욕하다.악용, 페해 adrift: 표류하여, 떠돌아, 헤매어, agony: 희비의 극치, 단말마의
acceptable: 받을 수 있는, 좋은, 일정한 직업 없이, 어찌할 바를 몰라 괴로움, 고뇌, 고통, 그리스도의
용인할 수 있는, 수락할 수 있는, advanced: 고등의, 진보적인, 전진한, 고통, 심한 고통, 죽음의 고통,
받아들일 수 있는 진보의, 진보한, 많이 경과한, 감정의 격발, 격발
accomplish: 숙달한, 완수하다, 진본한, 많은 ai: 세손가락나무늘보, 인공지능
가르치다, 달성하다, 성취하다, advise: 충고하다, 조언하다, 알리다, aim: 겨누다, 노리다, 뜻하다, 목표로
완성한, 소양이있는, 소양이 있는, 통지하다, 통고하다, 의논하다, 하다, 할 작정이다, 겨냥, 겨냥하다,
이루다, 에게 가르치다 권하다, 상담하다 목적, 목표 삼다, 빗대어 말하다
accomplished: 성취된, 뛰어난, aegis: 보호, 옹호, 제우스의 방패, aiming: 겨냥, 조준
교양이 있는, 능란한, 세련된, 조예가 후원, 주최, 방패 ajax: 트로이전쟁의 그리스군의 용사
깊은, 기정의, 완료된, 완성된 aeneas: 트로이의 용사, 아에네아스 alarm: 경보, 놀람, 경보기, 자명종,
accomplishments: 교양 aeolus: 바람의신, 바람의 신 공포, 놀란, 공보, 일보 내딛고 하는
accord: 조화하다, 맞다, 일치하다, aesculapius: 의료의 신 도전, 놀라운, 경보를 전하다
화음, 을 일치시키다, 을 적응시키다, afar: 멀리, 원방에서, 원방에 alarmed: 불안해 하는, 겁 먹은, 깜짝
을 조화시키다, 일치, 임의, 협정, affected: 영향을 받은, 체하는, 놀란
주다 침범된, 짐짓 꾸민, 한 기분으로 alas: 아아, 슬픈지고
according: 그러므로, 따라서, 있는, 감동한, 걸린, 부자연스런, albeit: 에도 불구하고, 임에도
나름으로, 에 따라, 에 의하여 일부러인 것 같은, 젠체하는, 감동된 불구하고
 Homer 373
alien: 외국의, 반대의, 외국인의, 나서, 이 적질하지 않은 있는, 궁형의
조화되지 않는, 다른, 외국인, 거류 amity: 침목, 친화, 친목 archer: 궁술가, 사수, 사수자리,
외인, 따돌림 받는 사람, 외계인, amphitryon: 암피트리온, 접대역, 궁수자리, 활의 사수, 활쏘는 사람
이질의 주인역 archery: 궁술, 사수대, 양궁
alight: 내리다, 하차하다, 착륙하다, ancestral: 조상의, 전래의, arching: 궁형부, 아치
새가 앉다, 우연히 발견하다, 우연히 조상전래의, 선조의 argive: 그리스의
만나다, 불타고 andromache: 안드로마케 argos: 아르고스
alike: 똑같은, 같은, 같게, 같이, 서로 anew: 재차, 다시, 새로이, 다시 한번 argue: 논하다, 논쟁하다, 논증하다,
같은 angel: 천사, 영국의옛금화, 설득하다, 입증하다, 주장하다,
alive: 활기를 띠어, 살아서, 재정적후원자, 천사같은 사람, 논의하다
혈기왕성하여, 살아 있는, 떼지어, 옛날의 영국 금화, 재정적 후원자 argus: 엄중한 감시인, 아르고스
민감한, 전류가 통하고 있는, anger: 화, 성, 노염, 노여움, 분노, armed: 무장한
생생하여 성나게 하다 arming: 무장, 접극자, 무장을 갖춤
allies: 연합국의 angles: 앵글족 armour: 방비, 갑옷과 투구, 철갑,
allotment: 할당, 몫, 분배, 지정, angrily: 노하여, 성나서, 화나서, 장갑, 방호 기관, 갑옷을 입히는,
운명, 특멸수당, 운, 분담액, 배치, 화내어 갑옷을 입히다, 갑옷, 기갑 부대
특별 수당, 운수 angry: 성난, 성나있는, 몹시쑤시는, arose: 과거
allowance: 수당, 공제, 급여액, 승인, 타는 듯한, 험한, 염증을 일으킨 array: 배열시키다, 치장, 차리다,
용돈, 용인, 유리한 조건, 지급하는 anguish: 격통, 고뇌 정렬시키다, 의장, 벌여세움, 군세,
돈, 참작, 할인, 허용 오차 ankle: 발목, 발목 관절 성장시키다, 정렬, 배열, 소집하다
allowances: 참작 anoint: 기름을 바르다, 머리에 arrival: 도착, 도착자, 출현, 도달,
ally: 동맹하다, 친척이다-동맹자, 기름을 부어 신성하게 하다, 신생아, 입항, 출생, 도착의,
결연하다, 동류의, 원조자, 연합하다, 기름을바르다, 기름을뿌리다, 성직에 도착자물
제휴시키다, 연합시키다, 동맹국, 임명하다 arrow: 화살, 화살표, 굵은화살
결합시키다, 결연시키다 answering: 상응하는, 응답의 arrow-head: 자고, 화살촉
almighty: 대단한, 전능한, 대단히, antrum: 공동, 강 arrows: 화살
신, 전능자 anvil: 모루, 중에 artifice: 개교, 고안, 책략, 모략, 기술,
aloft: 높이, 돛대 꼭대기에, 위로, anxiety: 걱정, 불안, 열망, 근심, 교활, 기교, 교묘한 착상
위쪽에, 위에 걱정거리, 염원 arts: 예술
alone: 혼자, 단지, 홀로, 자기 혼자서, anxious: 하고 싶어하는, 불안한, ascend: 오르다, 오르막이되다,
고독한, 단독으로 걱정스러운, 열망하는, 열망하여, 시대가 거슬러 올라가다, 올라가다,
alongside: 곁에, 옆으로 대어, 와 걱정하는 에 오르다, 높아지다, 을 오르다,
나란히, 옆에, 옆으로 대고 anxiously: 걱정스럽게, 근심하여, 오르막이 되다, 등귀하다, 상향,
aloof: 무관심의, 떨어져서, 쌀쌀한, 걱정하여 거슬러 올라가다
초연해 있다-초연한 apart: 떨어져, 대들다, 산산이, ash: 재, 유골, 회색, 폐허, 창백,
aloud: 큰 소리로, 똑똑히, 소리 내어 떨어져서, 별개로 양풀푸레나무, 물푸레나무 재목,
altar: 제단, 제대, 성찬대 apollo: 아폴로, 태양, 아폴로우주선, 회한을 상징하는 것, 굴욕을
altogether: 전부해서, 아주전혀, 미남, 아폴로 우주선, 굉장한 미남자 상징하는 것, 금연 건강 증진 협회,
대체로-전체적 효과, 벌거숭이, apparel: 의복, 차리다, 꾸미다, 의상, 서양 물푸레나무
요컨대, 전체, 전혀, 다 합하여 제복의장식수-입히다, 입히다, ashamed: 낯을 붉히어,
amaze: 경이감을 품게 하다, 깜짝 기성복, 제복, 장식 부끄러워하여, 부끄러이 여겨,
놀라게 하다, 놀래다, 놀리다, 몹시 appease: 달래다, 누그러지게 하다, 부끄러워
놀라게 하다, 감탄하게 하다 채우다, 가라앉히다, 양보하다, ashen: 재의, 창백한, 회색의,
ambrosia: 신의 음식, 대단히 풀어주다 양물푸레나무, 물푸레나무같은,
맛있는것, 맛이나 냄새가 매우 좋은 appeased: 풀어주는, 양보하는, 물푸레나무의
음식, 신찬, 디저트, 신들의 음식 달래는 ashore: 물가에, 해변에
ambrosial: 향기로운, 맛있는, 거룩한 applause: 찬성, 박수갈채, 칭찬, 박수 aside: 떨어져서-방백, 옆에, 떼어서,
ambuscade: 잠복, 매복, 복병, 복병 갈채 독백, 곁으로, 곁에, 방백, 별도로
매복해두다 매복하다 applied: 응용된, 응요된, 적용된 하고, 생각하지 않고, 따로 두고
ambush: 잠복, 매복, 복병, 매복장소, approve: 찬성하다, 시인하다, askance: 비스듬히, 옆으로, 으심쩍게
숨어서 기다리다, 메복하다 실증하다, 인가하다, 마음에들다, 보다, 비스듬듬히, 모으로
amends: 보상, 배상, 배상하다, 벌충, 승인하다, 보여주다-시인하다, asking: 청구, 의뢰, 질문, 부탁
보상하다 보여주다, 좋다고 인정하다, asleep: 잠들어, 활발치않아서,
amid: 의 한 복판에, 의 한가운데에, 수락하다, 임을 보이다 마비되어, 팽이가서서, 영면하여,
이 한창일 때, 한창 한는 중에, approved: 인가된, 입증된, 승인된, 죽어, 자서, 저려
복판에, 의 한복판에, 한창 때에 공인의, 공인된, 정평있는 aspect: 모습, 국면, 방위, 방향,
amiss: 어긋나서, 잘못한, 형편이 arcadia: 아르카디아, 순박한, 얼굴생김새, 광경, 양상, 용모, 면,
나쁜, 고장난, 빗나가서, 수사납게, 평화로운 이상향 별의 상, 관점
이 적절하지 않은, 잘못되어, 탈이 arched: 아치형의, 활모양의, 홍예가 ass: 당나귀, 마보, 외집쟁이, 나귀,
 374 The Iliad
고집쟁이, 고집통이, 바보 효용, 이롭다-이익.효용, 이롭다, baldric: 장식띠
assail: 엄습하다, 감연히 에 유용하다, 효력이 있다, 에 도움이 bane: 독, 파멸, 해, 파멸의 원인
부탁치다, 논란하다, 습격하다, 되다 baneful: 해로운, 유독한, 유독성의,
과감히 부딪치다, 맹렬히 공격하다 avenge: 복수하다, 대응하다, 유해한, 유해성의
assembled: 합성 보석의, 집합된, 원수를갚다, 대갚음하다, banquet: 연회, 향을을 받다, 향연-
결집한 앙갚음하다, 보복하다, 에게 복수 향응하다, 연회 대접을 받다, 연회를
assembly: 조립, 하원, 집합 신호, 하다, 의 복수를 하다 베풀어 대접하다
집회, 입법의회, 조립 부품, 회의, avenger: 복수자, 보복자, 원수를 barbed: 신랄한, 미늘이 있는, 가시
집합, 무도회, 집합신호, 입법회의 갑는 사람 있는 말, 마늘이 있는, 바늘 돋친,
assent: 동의하다, 승낙하다, 동의, avert: 피하다, 돌리다, 막다 가시 돋쳐 있는, 가시 돋친, 바늘
인정하다, 찬성하다 avowed: 공공연한, 공언한, 자인한, 돋쳐 있는
assist: 거들다, 돕다, 포살, 스스로 인정한, 공언된, 인정된, bard: 시인, 음유시인, 음유 시인,
참석하다조력, 조수 의 일을 언명한, 스스로인정한 마갑, 마갑을 입히다
맡아보다, 원조, 참석하다, 원조하다, await: 기다리다, 에 준비되어 있다 bare: 닳아빠진, 노골적인, 결핍된,
조력 awake: 깨우다, 일으키다, 깨다, 써서 낡은, 알몸의, 부족한, 노출된,
assistance: 원조, 참석자, 조력, 거듦 깨닫다, 방심 않는, 잘 알아채서, 이 없는, 장식없는, 벗기다, 드러낸
assuage: 누그러지게하다, 깨어서, 자각시키다-눈뜨다, bargain: 흥정하다, 매매, 약속을
가라앉히다, 완화시키다, 자각시키다, 눈뜨다, 분기하다- 하다, 거래, 교섭하다, 기대하다,
만족시키자, 만족시키다, 완화하다 깨어서 바꾸다, 싼 물건, 의 조건을 붙이다,
assumed: 가장한, 꾸민, 가정한, awe: 외경하다, 경외, 두려움 헐값의
인수한 awful: 무서운, 대단한, 장엄한, bark: 짖다, 기나피, 기침 소리,
assured: 자신있게, 확실한, 보험에 굉장한, 두려운, 무섭다, 몹시, 기침을 하다, 포성, 총성, 나무
부친, 확신하여, 자신 있는, 생명 경외심을 일으키게 하는 껍질로 덮다, 나무껍질, 소리지르다,
보험을 건, 보증된 awoke: 깨우다의 과거분사 배, 피부-껍질을 벗기다
assuredly: 대담히, 확실하게, axe: 도끼 도끼로 찍다, 도끼, 참수, barking: 짖는, 짖는 소리, 심한 기침,
자신있게, 확실히, 자신을 가지고, 도끼로 자르다, 대폭 삭감하다, 재즈 호통, 권총, 잘 짖는
확신을 가지고 악기 barley: 보리
astray: 타락하여, 길을잃어, 길을 axle: 차축, 굴대, 축, 굴대의 barque: 나무껍질, 배, 바크배, 피부,
잃다 aye: 찬성, 영구히, 언제나, 영원히, 키나나무껍질, 탠껍질
asunder: 파라광이의 수도, 따로따로, 늘, 찬성자, 예, 네, 옳소, 항상 barred: 모래톱이 있는, 빗장이 있는,
따로따로 떨어져, 떨어져서, babble: 수다, 지껄여 누설하다, 줄 있는, 줄무늬가 있는, 가두어
조각조각, 조각조각으로, 떨어져 허튼소리, 졸졸 흐르다, 누설하다, 버린, 빗장이 달린, 줄이 있는
athenian: 아테네의, 아테네 사람 지껄이기, 졸졸 흐르는 소리, barrier: 장벽, 관문, 울타리, 방해,
athens: 아테네 조잘거리다, 떠듬거리며 말하다, 방벽, 불투과성의, 울타리로
atonement: 보상, 그리스도의 속죄, 떠듬거리며 말하기, 떠드는 소리 둘러싸다, 장애, 장애물
죄값 babe: 숫보기, 아기 barrow: 무덤, 손수레, 언덕,
attempted: 미수의, 기도한 babel: 천벌로 인부들이 서로 말이 들것식의 하물 운반대, 또는 석총,
attend: 간호하다, 출석하다, 모시다, 통하지 않게 되어 완성에 실패, 거세한 수퇘지, 들것, 배로 곶,
섬기다, 수행하다, 주의하여듣다, 마천루, 시끄럽고 혼란한 장소, 짐승의 굴
다니다, 유의하다, 참석하다, 바벨탑, 떠들썩함, 공상적인 계획, bastard: 사생아, 서자, 가짜-서출의,
주의하다, 전렴하다 고충 건축물, 바빌론 가짜의, 모습이 이상한, 비정상인,
attendance: 출석, 시중, 돌봄, 참석, bacchus: 술의 신, 바카스, 바커스 열등한, 잡종, 자식, 새끼, 놈
출근, 간호, 출석자수, 관객수, backbone: 등뼈, 기골, 분수령, 척추, bate: 덜다, 노여움, 알칼리액에
서비스, 서비스료 근간 담그다, 줄이다, 분개, 약하게 하다,
attendant: 시중드는, 수행의, 수행원, backed: 배서가 있는, 등을 댄, 후원 약하게 하다-줄다, 줄다, 감소되다,
수반물, 부수의, 출석자, 곁에 따르는 받은 약해지다숨을 죽이고, 탈회액 에
사람, 출석의, 출석의-곁에 따르는 backing: 등붙이기, 속널, 배서, 지원, 잠그다
사람, 따라다니는, 시중드는 사람 등받침, 역행의, 역행, 배서 보증, bath: 목욕, 목욕통-목욕하다,
attending: 주치의인, 대학 반주, 등붙이는 판자, 등붙이는 재료 목욕실, 바드 훈의, 온천장, 피
부속병원에 의사로서 근무하는 backwards: 뒤로, 거꾸로, 뒤쪽으로, 투성이가 된 상태, 용액, 욕조,
attire: 옷차림새, 복장, 의복 퇴보하여, 후방으로, 역행하여, 목욕하다, 땀 투성이가 된 상태,
aught: 아마, 아무래도 상관 없다, 역으로, 뒤로 향하여, 거슬러 목욕통
어떤 일, 어떤 것, 무엇이든 올라가서 bathe: 미역, 잠그다, 적시다, 씻다-
augur: 복점관, 예언 조짐이 되다, badly: 심하게, 나쁘게, 서투르게, 해수욕, 끼얹다, 목욕하다, 뒤덮이다,
예언자, 점치다, 예언자-점치다, 의 대단히, 후회하여, 슬퍼서, 솜씨없게, 씻다, 뒤덮다, 담그다, 헤엄치다
징조가 되다, 징조를 나타내다 몹시, 몸이 불편한, 기분이 좋지 baths: 입욕, 목욕, 목욕탕, 온천
augury: 전조, 점 않은, 건강이 좋지 않은 batten: 작은 절빤지, 살찌게하다,
autumn: 가을, 가을의, 성숙이 balanced: 안정된, 완전 영양식, 균형 많이 먹다, 마루청을 깔다, 먹이다,
avail: 이익, 도움이되다, 소용이되다, 잡힌, 균형이 잡힌 좁은 널, 좁은 널을 붙이다, 잔뜩
 Homer
먹다, 바디 beautifully: 아름답게, 훌륭하게,
battered: 오래 써서 낡은, 지쳐서 훌륭히, 솜씨있게, 선명하게, 예쁘게,
초라해진, 박살난, 박사난 멋있게, 화창하게
battle-axe: 전부, 잔소리 많은 여자 beauty: 아름다움, 미, 아름다운 것,
battled: 총안이 있는, 흉벽이 있는 미인, 터무니 없는 것, 좋은 점,
battlement: 총쏘는 구멍이 있는 아름다운 동물, 미관, 아름다운것,
흉벽, 흉벽, 총안이 있는 흉벽 미점, 미인들
battlements: 총 쏘는 구멍이 있는 bedchamber: 침실, 침실용의,
흉벽 통근자가 사는
bawling: 외치기 bedight: 장식된, 차려 입다,
bay: 만, 궁지, 월계수, 후미, 월계관, 장식하다, 꾸민, 꾸미다
짖어대며 덤비다, 소리지르다, 영예, beech: 너도밤나무, 너도밤나무 목재
짖는 소리, 쫓겨서 몰린 상태-짖다, befall: 일어나다, 재난이 닥치다,
밤색의 닥치다, 생기다
beach: 모래, 물가, 바닷가, 냇가, befitting: 알맞은, 어울리는,
호반, 해변, 조약돌, 해수욕장, 상응하는, 적당한, 적합한
바닷가에 끌어 올리다, 바닷가에 befriend: 돕다, 친구가 되다, 사귀다,
끌어올리다, 뭍에 얹히다 돌보아주다, 의 편이 되다
beacon: 등대, 횃불, 경고하다, 봉화로 begging: 구걸, 구걸하는, 거지 생활
신호하다, 봉화, 수로표지-봉화를 beguile: 기만하다, 지루함을 잊게
올리다, 인도하다, 항공 표지, 하다, 사취하다, 즐겁게하다, 기쁘게
신호소, 봉홧불, 고지 하다, 속이다, 잊게 하다
beam: 광선, 선폭, 도리, 빛나다, beguiling: 속이는, 기분을
가로들보, 대, 성에, 대들보, 전환시키는, 기분 전환의,
번쩍이다, 미소짓다, 들보 심심풀이의, 기만하는
beaming: 빛나는, 기쁨에 넘친, behalf: 위하여, 이익
명랑한, 밝은, 희색이 만면한, 밝은 behead: 목을 베다, 참수형에 처하다
표정의, 화기가 도는 behold: 보다
bear: 곰, 견디다, 가지다, 지니다, bellied: 부푼, 팽창한, 배가 ...한
덮치다, 하기에 족하다, 받치다, bellow: 노한 목소리, 울다, 고함을
나르다, 난폭자, 배겨내다, 지탱하다 지르다-우는 소리, 큰 소리로 울다,
beard: 수염, 미늘-수염을 잡다, 노호하다, 소 우는 소리, 울부짖는
공공연히 반항하다, 미늘, 에게 소리, 큰 소리로 말하다, 크게 울리다
공공연히 반항하다, 의 수염을 bellows: 풀무, 주름상자, 폐, 주름
꺼두르다, 까락, 턱수염, 의 수염을 상자
잡아 뽑다, 경사면, 깎아 내다 belly: 배, 복부, 식욕, 위, 자궁-
bearded: 까끄라기가 있는, 수염이 부풀게하다, 태내, 불룩한 부분,
있는, 수염이 난, 비늘이 있는, 부풀다
미늘이 있는 belonging: 소지품, 성질, 재산, 재능,
bearer: 지참인, 짐꾼, 나르는 사람, 친척, 친숙함, 친밀감, 친밀, 부속물,
지위를 가진 사람, 운반인, 열매 맺는 귀속 의식, 귀속
초목, 교군꾼, 관직을 가진 사람 beloved: 가장 사랑하는, 애인, 남편,
bearing: 관계, 태도, 거동, 관련, 소중한-가장 사랑하는 사람, 아내,
낳음, 문장, 방위각, 인내, 축받이 가장 사랑하는 사람, 귀여운,
beast: 짐승, 가축, 짐승 같은 놈, 식용 애용하는, 여보, 사랑받아,
소, 동물, 짐승 같은 사람, 축생, 사랑스러운
네발짐승 belt: 띠, 때리다, 혁대, 지방, 벨트,
beat: 치다, 속이다, 순찰, 휘젓다, 해협, 줄 무늬, 띠로 붙들어 매다,
면하다-연거푸 치다, 지게 하다, 띠를 매다, 순환 도로, 에 띠를
특종기사, 박자를 맞추다, 박자, 두르다
뛰다-계속해서 치기, 치는 소리 bench: 판사석, 벤치, 지위에 앉히다,
beaten: 밟아 다져진, 두들겨 편, 퇴장시키다, 진열대, 착석시키다,
두들겨 맞은, 진, 세게 휘저은, 온실 안의 묘상에 심다, 계단,
패배당한, 완전히 지친, 얻어 맞은, 밑으로부터 파다, 작업대, 묘상
두들겨 늘인, 밟아 다진 bend: 구부리다, 굴복시키다, 굽히다,
beating: 고동, 때림, 날개치기, 타파, 굴곡, 주시하다-굽다, 결삭, 경향,
매질, 박정한 대우, 구타, 맥박, 패배, 힘을 쏟다-굽이, 당기다, 기울이다,
채찍질의 처벌, 지게 하기 굴복하다
beauteous: 아름다운, 우아한 bends: 잠함병, 케이슨병
375
beneath: 아래쪽에, 가치조차 없는,
못하여, 어울리지 않는, 바로 아래에,
의 바로 밑에, 아래에, 아래서, 바로
아래쪽에, 할 가치 없는, 땅 속에
bent: 굽은, 초원, 황야, 마음을
기울인, 열심인, 경향, 허리가 굽은,
성벽, 겨이삭속 또는 그와 비슷한
포아풀과의 잡초, 그 줄기, 기호
beseech: 간청하다, 탄원하다,
간원하다, 원하다, 청하다
beseeching: 간청하는, 간절히
원하는, 탄원하는, 청하는, 간청하는
듯한, 애원하는 듯한
beset: 공격하다, 꾸미다, 괴롭히다,
둘러싸다, 방해하다, 범하기 쉬운,
빠지기 쉬운, 습격하다, 포위하다,
장식하다, 에 박아 넣다
beside: 비교하여, 벗어나서,
떨어져서, 곁에, 빗나가서, 와
비교하여, 외에, 을 벗어나서, 의
곁에, 의 곁에서
besides: 제외하고, 그위에, 게다가,
게다가-더하여, 이외에, 을
제외하고, 외에는, 더하여, 그 위에,
그 밖에, 이외에도
besmirched: 손상하는, 욕되게 하는,
더럽히는
bestir: 분기시키다, 노력하다,
분기하다, 활약하다
bestridden: 흩뿌리다
bestride: 걸터타다, 걸리다, 가랑이를
벌리고 건너 뛰다, 걸터 타다, 걸터
앉다, 건너 넘다, 걸터앉다, 서다,
가랑이를 벌리고 걸터타다
betide: 발생하다, 생기다, 닥치다,
일어나다
betray: 나타내다, 누설하다,
배반하다, 저버리다, 유괴하다,
배신하다, 팔다, 속이다, 무심코
드러내다, 거역하다, 에 위배하다
betwixt: 이도저도 아니게, 중간에
beware: 주의하다, 조심하다
bias: 바이어스, 사선, 경향, 경사,
치우치게하다, 성벽-기울이다,
치우침, 편견을 갖다, 기울이다,
한쪽으로 치우치게하다, 성향
bid: 말하다, 입찰하다, 명하다,
입찰하다-값을 매기다, 입찰하다-
부른값, 초대하다, 값을 다루다,
값매기다, 공고하다-값을 매기다,
노력하다, 매기다
bidding: 초대, 입찰, 명령, 공고,
선언, 비드하기
bide: 살다, 기다리다, 멀물다, 참다,
때를 기다리다
bier: 관대, 관가, 묘
bind: 동이다, 덩굴, 감다, 제본,
구속하다-묶는 것, 속박하다-
굳어지다, 끈, 매다, 변비를 일으키게
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하다, 속박하다, 장정하다
binding: 제본, 동이는, 속박하는,
속박, 붕대, 묶는, 묶는 것, 변비를
일으키는, 선 두르는 재료, 동여
묶는, 꼭 졸라 맴
bird: 새, 엽조, 비행기-들새를
관찰하다, 야유, 녀석, 새를 잡다,
조롱하는 소리, 미사일, 형기, 사람,
빈정거리는 소리
birth: 탄생, 태어난 것, 출산, 출생,
혈통, 가문, 기원, 출신, 태생
bite: 물다, 부식하다, 물어뜯다, 물린
상처, 스미다, 한 입, 한 번 묾, 살을
에다, 깨물다, 열중시키다, 상하게
하다
bitter: 쓴, 모진, 격심한, 비참한,
쓴맛, 가엾은, 쓴맥주, 모진-쓴맛,
씁, 격렬한, 쓰라린
bitterly: 쓰게, 격심하게, 비참하게,
몹시, 살을 에듯이, 통렬히
bitterness: 씀, 비참함, 격심함, 고통,
신랄, 불황
bladder: 방광, 부레, 수포, 신문, 해초
등의 기포, 바람 주머니, 기포, 부푼
것 쓰게 된 것, 한 구획, 블록, 블록
blade: 칼날, 잎, 멋장이, 칼, 날개,
검객, 견갑골, 위세가 당당한 사내,
위세가 호탕한 사내, 혀끝, 노깃
blame: 책임, 나무라다, 비난하다,
비난, 허물, 의 탓으로 돌리다-비난,
탓, 지우다, 의 탓으로 돌리다, 책망
blamed: 지긋지긋한, 빌어먹을,
천벌받을, 빌어먹을 몹시, 지겹게
blameless: 나무랄만한, 비난할 점이
없는
blare: 외치는소리치는 소리, 외치다,
울다-울리다-울림, 울리는 소리,
울려 터지다, 요란하게 울리다, 요염,
울다, 울리다, 울림, 쾅쾅 울리다
blast: 소리, 한 바탕 부는 바람,
시들게 하다, 돌풍, 폭파하다,
울려퍼짐-폭파하다, 폭발, 한 줄기
강한 바람, 형편 없는 실패, 총을
쏘다, 폭풍
blaze: 포고하다, 빛나다, 드날림,
화염, 불같이 노하다, 알리다, 빛,
격발, 불타다, 광휘, 타오르다
blazing: 심한, 타는, 강렬한, 타는
듯한, 듯한, 타오르는, 뻔한
bleak: 으스스 추운, 황량한, 쌀쌀한,
쓸쓸한, 찬바람 나는, 싸늘한,
바람받이의, 침체된, 차가운
bleat: 매애, 매애 울다, 우는 소리,
매애하고 울다, 재잘재잘 말하다,
재잘재잘 지껄이다
bleating: 울음소리, 우는 소리
bleeding: 출혈, 방혈, 엄청난,
출혈하는, 피나는 느낌의
blemish: 흠, 손상하다, 결점,
The Iliad
완전함을 손상하다, 아름다움을 boeotian: 둔흔, 느리광이,
손상하다 보에오티아의 사람
bless: 찬미하다, 정화하다, 수호하다, boiled: 취한, 끓은
은총을 내리다, 신성케 하다, boiling: 비등, 비등하는, 끓음,
찬양하다, 축복하다, 신을 찬양하다, 사나운, 끓어 오르는, 일회분의 삶을
신을 하다, 은혜를 베풀다, 저주하다 거리, 푹푹 찌는 듯한, 격렬한
blessed: 축복을 받은, 행복한, 복된, boisterous: 사납게몰아치는, 난폭한,
신성한, 저주받은, 축복받은, 축성된, 야단법석의, 소란스러운, 사나운,
기쁜 몹시 거친, 거친
blind: 맹목적인, 눈먼, 발, 숨은, bold: 가파른, 대담한, 거리낌없는,
어리석은, 이성을 잃은, 차일, 커튼, 굵은, 뚜렷한, 굵게, 볼드체의,
문, 막다른-눈멀게 하다, 눈멀게 뻔뻔스러운, 힘 있는, 두드러진,
하다 뻔뻔한
blinding: 현혹시키는, 눈을 멀게 boldly: 대담하게, 뻔뻔스럽게,
하는, 자갈, 새 포장 도로의 틈새기를 뚜렷이
메우기 위한 모래, 눈을 어지럽히는, bolt: 볼트, 전광, 빗장, 굵은 화살,
사려 분별을 잃게 하는, 침상, 눈을 체질하다, 빗장으로 걸다, 번개불,
부시게하는, 눈을 멀게하는 음미하다, 뛰어나가다, 도주-
blindly: 맹목적으로, 무턱대고 뛰어나가다, 죔못
blindness: 맹목, 눈이 멀음, 무분별 bondage: 속박, 노예의 신분,
blithe: 유쾌한, 명항한, 쾌활한, 노예의신분, 감금, 농노, 농노의 신세
행복한, 태평스런, 즐거운 bone: 뼈, 해골, 골격, 뼈로만든것,
block: 막다, 봉쇄하다, 덩어리, 받침, 골분 비료를 주다-공부만 들이 파다,
모탕, 불록-방해하다, 한 장씩 떼어 몸-뼈를발라내다, 시체, 철저히,
줄의 맨 끝에 있는 사람, 주사위,
하다, 막는 것 열심히 공부하는 사람
bloodless: 핏기가없는, 냉혈의, boon: 부탁, 은혜, 유쾌한, 명랑한,
열정이 없는, 원기 없는, 피를 흘리지 기분이 좋은, 재미있는, 혜택
않는, 핏기 없는, 혈기 없는 boot: 장화를 신기다, 장화,
bloodstained: 살인을 한, 피묻은 구둣발질하다, 쓸모있다, 덤,
bloody: 피의, 피투성이를 만들다, 구듯발질, 이익, 덤으로-쓸모 있다,
심한, 피투성이의, 잔인한, 지독한, 도움이 되다, 구두닦이, 발길로 차다
피비린내 나는, 무척, 다루기 어려운, bootless: 무익한
굉장히, 살벌한 boots: 구두닦이, 구두 닦기, 구두닦기
bloom: 번영하다, 개화기, 꽃, 쇳덩이, booty: 전리품, 이득, 포획물, 노획품,
건강한-피다, 과분, 개화, 앵두빛, 벌이
특정 시즌의 꽃, 특정 식물의 꽃, border: 경계, 가장자리, 가선, 가를
특정 장소의 꽃 두르다, 가, 국경-접하다, 영토,
blow: 강타, 불다, 개화, 바람에 가장자리 장식, 국경, 테두리, 접하다
날리다, 취주, 타격, 한번 불기, bore: 구멍, 구멍을 뚫다,
휘몰아치다, 산란, 폭발하다, 싫증나게하다, 송곳구멍, 밀물,
낭비하다 총구멍, 해일, 뚫다, 구멍을 내다,
blowing: 취입 성형, 재즈 연주, 구멍이 나다, 따분한 것
분출하는 소리 boreas: 북풍의신, 북풍의 신, 북풍,
blown: 핀, 숨을 헐떡이는, 파리가 보레아스
알을 슨, 부푼, 불어서 만든 borne: 시야가 좁은, 마음이 좁은
boar: 멧돼지, 수퇘지 bosom: 가슴, 껴안다, 내부, 마음속에
boast: 자랑하다, 가지고 있다, 자랑, 간직하다, 믿고 있는, 품, 흉부,
뽐내다, 큰소리치다, 호언장담하다, 흉부슴속, 가슴속, 속, 표면
대강 다듬다, 과시하다, 가지다, 자랑 boss: 두목, 감독, 사마귀, 보스, 둥근
거리 돌기, 감독하다, 우두머리가되다,
boasting: 자랑하는, 자랑, 거만 보스가 되다, 두목이 되다, 돌기,
bode: 징조가 나쁘다, 조짐이되다, 양각
조짐을나타내다, 징조가 되다, bossed: 돌기물이 붙은, 양각 장식한,
조짐을 나타내다, 예감하다, 징조가 돋을새김이 붙은, 돋을 새김이 붙은
됨, 징조이다, 조짐이 되다 bottom: 기초, 밑바닥, 바닥의,
boding: 불길한, 징조, 불길한 전조 근거로하다, 기초를두다, 밑, 바다
전조의, 전조, 징조가 되는, 징조의, 밑, 바닥, 바닥을 대다, 배밑, 원인
흉조 bough: 큰가지, 교수대, 큰 가지
 Homer
bound: 범위, 경계, 행의, 열중하여, brawling: 떠들썩한, 시끄러운,
되튀다, 뜀, 밀접한 관계에, 한계, 에 요란한
가려고, 결심을 한, 확실한 brawny: 근골이 억센, 강건한, 근골이
boundary: 경계, 한계, 경계선 타에 늠름한, 센, 억센, 튼튼한
의한 득점, 경계선, 경계선 타 brazen: 뻔뻔스러운, 놋쇠처럼
boundless: 한없는, 무한한 단단한, 시끄러운, 뻔뻔스럽게하다,
bounteous: 풍부한, 활수한, 아낌없이 놋쇠빛의, 놋쇠로만든, 놋쇠로 만든,
주는 단단한
bow: 활, 이물, 구부리다, 절하다, breach: 위반, 절교, 파기, 깨뜨리다,
꾸부러지다, 나비넥타이, 만곡부, 깨뜨림, 갈라진 틈, 부서지는 파도,
인사하다, 켜다, 함수, 절 물 위로 뛰어 오름, 어기다
bowed: 굽은, 머리를 숙인, 활을 bread: 생계, 빵, 양식, 돈, 주식물,
가진, 활 모양의, 활 모양을 한 먹을것, 고용주, 주인, 현금, 에
bowels: 동정심이 깃드는 곳, 인정이 빵가루를 묻히다
깃드는 곳 breadth: 폭, 넓은도량, 나비, 넓이,
bowing: 운궁법, 절을 하는, 활 넓음, 외연, 전체 효과, 퍼짐, 폭으로
놀리는 법, 휘는, 보잉 재는 물건, 관용, 너비
bowl: 사발, 나무공, 큰잔, 볼링경기, breaker: 부서지는 파도,
대접, 굴리다, 공기, 저울의 접시, 깨뜨리는사람, 깨뜨리는 기계, 물통,
투구, 십주희, 론 볼링 조련사, 파쇄기, 파쇄자
bowman: 활의사수, 노 젓는 사람, breaking: 단선, 파괴, 길들이기, 음의
궁수, 앞노 젓는 사람, 이물노 젓는 분열, 조교
사람 breast: 가슴, 유방, 흉부, 무릅쓰다,
bows: 이물 가슴에받다, 가슴통을 달다, 가슴을
bowstring: 교수용 밧줄, 시위 대다, 가슴 모양의 부분, 대담하게
boxer: 권투선수, 복서, 실크해트, 맞서다, 젖퉁이, 헤치고 나아가다
실크 해트, 권투 선수 breastplate: 가슴받이, 복갑, 거북의
boxing: 권투, 포장, 창문틀, 상자 복갑, 흉패, 가슴걸이로 멘 마구,
재료, 상자 꾸리기, 두껍닫이, 복싱, 목걸이 없이 멘 마구
상자꾸리기 breath: 호흡, 숨, 순간, 선들거림,
boxwood: 회양목, 회양목재, 회양 생기, 향기, 한숨, 산들거림, 무성음,
목재 무성, 은은한 향기
boyish: 소년의, 소년 같은, 여자 breathe: 호흡하다, 속삭이다, 풍기다,
아이가 같은 휴식 시키다, 휴식하다, 털어놓다,
brag: 자랑하다, 자랑, 허풍떨다, 쉬다, 선들거리다-불어넣다,
허풍선이, 흰소리, 자랑꾼, 살아있다, 숨쉬다, 무성음으로
카드놀이의 일종, 허풍, 자랑거리 발음하다
braggart: 자랑꾼의, 자랑꾼, breathed: 무성음의
허풍선이, 자랑하는 breathing: 호흡, 동경, 발성, 열망,
bragging: 자랑하는 것 휴식, 미풍, 부동, 숨쉬는, 숨쉬는
brain: 두뇌, 뇌, 지력, 지적인 사람, 동안, 숨을 불어넣음, 호흡법
두뇌부, 지적 지도자 breathless: 죽은, 숨가쁜, 숨을 죽인,
brains: 뛰어난 지능을 가진 사람 바람 없는, 바람 한 점 없는, 숨도 못
branch: 가지, 지맥, 분가, 갈라지다, 쉴 정도의
지류, 출장소, 분파, 가지를내다, bred: 하게 자란
분기, 가지 모양의 물건, 가지를 breed: 품종, 종류, 기르다, 씨를 받다,
갈라지게 하다 임신하고 있다, 가르치다,
branches: 지점 번식시키다, 양육하다, 발생하다,
branching: 가지, 분기, 가지를 새끼를 낳다, 낳다
내뻗은, 갈래 breeze: 산들바람, 소문, 나아가다,
brandish: 휘두르다 법석, 산들바람이 불다, 소동, 싸움,
brass: 놋쇠, 금관악기, 철면피, 풍파, 등에, 미풍, 분탄
고급장교, 금전, 놋그릇, 창녀, brewing: 양조량, 폭풍우의 전조,
놋쇠빛, 축받이, 뻔뻔스러움, 돈 양조, 검은 구름, 앙조, 양조업
brave: 용감한, 용사, 화려한, bridal: 신부의, 새색시, 혼례, 혼례의,
도전하다, 훌륭한, 용감하게 해내다, 결혼식
전사 bride: 신부, 새색시
bravely: 용감하게, 화려하게 bridegroom: 신랑
bravery: 용감, 화려, 화미 bridging: 받침복, 버팀기둥, 교락,
377
가교, 교량 가설, 연결함
brief: 간결한, 요악하다, 훈령,
단시간의, 대의, 명령을 내리다,
짧은, 변호를 의뢰하다, 요령,
잠시의, 소송 사건의 적요를
작성하다
bright: 유망한, 화창한, 환한, 쾌활한,
밝게빛나는, 머리가좋은, 밝다,
영리한, 투명한, 빈틈없는, 선명한
brightness: 환함, 머리가 좋음, 빛남
brilliant: 훌륭한, 브릴리언트형의
다이아몬드, 찬란하게빛나는,
재기에넘치는, 번쩍번쩍하는,
찬란한, 재기가 뛰어난, 빛나는,
브릴리언트형의 보석, 브릴리언트형,
최소형 활자
brilliantly: 훌륭히, 찬연히,
번쩍번쩍, 찬한히, 빈들빈들하게,
재기가 넘쳐
brim: 가장자리, 양테, 가득채우다,
넘치다, 그릇의 가장자리, 가득 붓다
brimming: 넘쳐흐르는, 넘치게 따른,
가득 차게 부은, 넘칠 듯한
brimstone: 유황
brink: 가장자리, 찰나, 위기, 물가,
고비, 정상
bristling: 작은 청어, 청어속의 작은
물고기
broach: 꼬챙이, 꺼내다, 꼬치,
공표하다, 송곳, 입을 열다, 꼬챙이에
꾀다, 고기 굽는 꼬챙이, 교회의첨탑,
말을 처음 꺼내다, 첨탑
broad: 넓은, 광대한, 넓은 뜻의-넓은
곳, 호수, 마음이 넓은, 대강의,
밝은.대강의, 밝은, 음란한, 가득찬,
단번에 알 수 있는
broke: 무일푼의, 파산하여
bronze: 청동, 청동의, 갈색으로
만들다, 청동색의, 청동색으로
만들다, 청동빛으로 만들다, 청동
제품, 청동빛으로 되다, 청동색,
청동빛
bronzed: 청동빛으로 만든
brooch: 브로치
brood: 곰곰히 생각하다, 종류,
한배의병아리, 한배 새끼, 종족-알을
품다, 아이들, -숙고하다, 숙고하다,
한배 병아리, 품다, 알을 품다
brother-in-law: 자매의 남편, 자형,
형부, 남편 또는 아내의 형제
brothers: 형제
brow: 이마, 눈썹, 벼랑 꼭대기, 벼랑,
얼굴
bruise: 타박상, 감정을 상하게 하다,
흠, 흠-상처를 내다, 상처를 주다,
타박상을 주다, 찧다, 상처를 내다,
상처, 멍이 나다, 마음의 상처
brunt: 공격의 예봉, 공격의 주력, 의
정면에 맞서다
 378 The Iliad
brushwood: 베어낸 작은 나뭇가지, 통화중인, 참견 잘하는, 부지런히 신중한, 소중히하는
숲, 물거리, 잘라 낸 곁가지 일하는 careless: 경솔한, 부주의한, 무관심한,
brutally: 난폭하게, 야만스레, butcher: 도살하다, 판매원, 학살자, 괘념치 않는, 되는대로의, 마음 편한,
야만스럽게 학살하다, 도살업자, 외과의사, 권투 마음편한, 무심한, 정신차리지 않는,
brute: 짐승, 싫은 놈, 야수적인, 선수, 푸주한 조심성없는, 태평스러운
감각이 없는, 잔인한 buttock: 고물, 엉덩이, 허리치기, carelessness: 부주의, 경솔, 소홀,
buckled: 죔쇠 달린, 죔쇠가 달린 업어치기, 엉덩이의 한쪽 살 무사태평, 무심함, 속 편함
buckler: 둥근방패, 둥근 방패, 방패 허리치기로 돌리다, 허리치기로 caressing: 애무하는, 달래는 듯한,
bud: 싹, 눈, 꽃봉오리, 싹트게하다, 던지다 귀여워하는
발달하기 시작하다, 동료, 친해지다, buzz: 윙윙거리다, 기계의 소리, carnage: 대학살, 학살
자라기 시작하다, 어린이, 아체, 벌레의날개소리, 속삭임, 웅성거림, carpet: 양탄자, 융단, 깔개, 풀밭,
아접하다 확자지껄하다, 의 위를 닿을듯 말듯 양탄자를 깔다, 꾸짖다, 온통 깔림,
budge: 조금 움직이다, 낮게 날다, 와글와글, 에게 버저로 온통 뒤덮다, 꽃밭, 불러꾸짖다
조금움직이다, 어린 양의 모피, 알리다, 술병을 다 따라 마시다, carrying: 운송, 운송의, 적재의, 적재,
움직이게 하다, 움직이다, 분주하게 돌아다니다 목소리가 잘 들리는, 잘 들리는,
양보시키다, 생각을 바꾸다, 조금 bygones: 과거의 일, 과거 운수, 적재 운송의
움직이게 하다 cager: 농구 선수 casque: 투구
buds: 남성용 내의 calamity: 재난, 참화, 불행, 비참 cassandra: 믿어주지 않는 예언자,
buffet: 찬장, 치다, 싸우다, 일격, calf: 송아지, 장딴지, 종아리, 카산드라, 불행한 일의예언자
고투하다, 간이 식당, 타격 어리석은 젊은이, 송아지 가죽, cast: 던지다, 캐스트, 주조되다,
builder: 건물, 건축, 건축자, 건조자, 빙산에서 떨어져 표류하는 얼음 던지기, 해고하다, 향하다, 버리다,
건설자, 건축업자 덩어리, 멍청이, 머리 나쁜 아이 경향, 주조하다, 배정하다, 계산하다
bull: 황소, 수컷, 큰, 센, 경관, 교서, calling: 천직, 부름, 직업, 소집, 점호, castor: 비버, 비버 모자, 비버향,
쓸데없는소리, 사는편, 사는 쪽, 강한 충동, 하느님의 부르심, 방문, 해리가죽모자, 실크 해트, 카스토르,
황소자리, 쓸데없는 소리 울음소리, 외침, 소명 해리비버, 해리향, 해리, 던지는
bulwark: 누벽, 방어하다, 방파제, camp: 야영지, 수용소, 진영, 사람, 다리 바퀴
뱃전, 성채 군대생활, 천막을 치다, 캠프, cataract: 백내장, 큰폭포, 호우, 분류,
buoy: 띄우다, 뜨다, 부표, 지지하다, 캠프장, 산장, 동성애의, 꾸미는 수력 절등기, 큰 폭포
부이, 에 부이를 달다, 지탱하다, 태도, 지부 catch: 걸리다, 발견하다, 쥐다,
희망을 갖게하다 camping: 야영, 캠프생활, 캠프 생활, 붙들다, 잡기, 손잡이, 붙들려고
burden: 부담, 귀찮은, 요지, 천막 생활 하다, 사람을 속이는, 걸다, 얻고
귀찮은일, 무거운짐, 무거운짐을 canopy: 닫집, 하늘, 천개로 덮다, 싶은 것, 의 주의를 끌다
지우다, 무거운 짐, 괴롭히다, 노래의 천개, 천개처럼 덮는 것, 천개 모양의 catching: 전염성의, 전염하는, 마음을
반복구, 배의 적재력, 반복구 차양, 차양, 원개, 도대체, 닫집처럼 빼앗는, 매력있는, 매력 있는 것
burial: 매장 가리다 cattle: 소, 가축, 해충, 말, 짐승 같은
burn: 개울, 태우다, 열중하다, cap: 탈모하다, 뚜껑, 캡, 모자를 놈들, 개새끼들, 축우
산화시키다, 화끈거리다, 그슬리다, 씌우다, 모자, 열다, 덮다, 최고, caught: 사람을 속이는
흥분하다, 시내, 소작하다, 불에데다, 다투어 끄집어 내다, 피임용 페서리, cauldron: 가마솥
내리 쬐다 특수한 모자 cave: 동굴, 굴, 꺼지다, 녹초가 되다,
burning: 불타는, 긴급한, 격렬한, captain: 주장, 장, 육군대위, 함장, 동굴로 만들다, 움푹 들어가게 하다,
타고 있는 것, 타고 있는, 시급한 선장, 의 장이 되다, 우두머리, 거물, 탈당, 함몰, 굴복하다, 탈당-
burnt: 불에 덴, 탄 지휘자, 명장, 해군 대령 함몰하다, 항복시키다
burst: 파열하다, 돌발, 별안간 captive: 포로, 포로의, 모회사에 cavern: 동굴, 동굴에 넣다, 공동,
나타나다, 터지다, 폭발, 충만하다, 전속된, 매혹된, 사로잡힌 상태, 땅굴, 에 굴을 파다, 큰 동굴
찢다, 집중 사격, 파열시키다, 파열, 포로가된, 잡힌 사람, 사로잡힌, 빠진 cease: 그만두다, 그치다, 끝나다,
잡아 찢다 사람, 감금, 넋이 빠진 중지, 중지하다, 멎다, 멈추다-중지,
bury: 묻다, 몰두하게하다, captivity: 감금, 사로잡힌 신세, 끝내다, 중단
장사지내다, 몰두하다, 숨기다, 잊다, 사로잡힘, 포로, 포로의 신세, 포로의 ceasing: 중단, 중지
파묻다, 덮어서 숨기다 기간, 생포, 나포, 바빌론 포로 celadon: 청자색, 회청색, 청자,
burying: 매장, 묻음 capture: 포획물, 포획, 획득하다, 청자색의, 회록색, 청자의
bush: 관목, 삼림지, 숲, 점령, 사로잡다, 포착하다, 생포, celebrate: 찬양하다, 거행하다,
무성하게자라다, 부시, 담쟁이 가지, 지배권을 쥐다, 잡다, 포착, 점령하다 기념일을 축하하다, 세상에 알리다,
죠지 부시, 지방 프로 야구 연맹, carcase: 뼈대, 시체, 잔해, 형해, 몸통, 축제 기분에 젖다, 축하하다,
수풀 소이탄의 일종, 송장 찬미하다, 축하, 칭찬, 유명한, 식을
bustling: 부산스러운, 바쁜 듯한, carcass: 짐승의 시체, 형해, 시체, 올려 기념하다
떠들썩한, 소란한, 부산함, 분잡한 뼈대 celery: 셀러리
바쁨, 붐비는, 부산스러움 careful: 주의깊은, 꼼꼼한, 소중히 ceres: 케레스, 곡물의 여신
busy: 통화중인, 바쁜, 번화한, 참견 하는, 인색한, 조심성 있는, 철저한, chafe: 쓸려서 벗겨지게 하다,
잘 하는, 바쁘게 만들다, 전화가 조심스러운, 조소심스런, 정성들인, 약올리다, 찰상, 약오름, 약오르다,
 Homer
부딪히다, 비벼서 따뜻하게 하다, 격려, 격려하다, 기운이 나다,
몸을 비벼대다, 짜증, 몸을 비비다- 음식물, 기운을 북돋우다, 환성을
찰과상, 벗어지게하다 지르다, 음식
chaff: 여물, 왕겨, 놀리다, 놀림, 썰다, cheering: 갈채하는, 격려가 되는,
하찮은 것, 레이더 탐지 방해용 갈채, 기운을 돋우는
금속편, 마초, 야유, 호, 허섭쓰레기 cheese: 치즈, 일류품, 매력적인 젊은
chain: 쇠사슬, 연쇄, 굴레, 측쇄, 여자, 안성맞춤의 것, 치즈 비슷한
속박, 체인, 목걸이, 차꼬, 일련, 것, 보스, 중요인물, 그만둬,
회로, 사슬로 연결하다 그만두다, 튀어라, 조심해
chalice: 배상화, 성찬배, 성작, 굽달린 cherish: 품다, 귀여워하다, 소중히
큰 잔, 성배 하다, 소중히 키우다, 소중히 기르다,
chalk: 초크로 쓰다, 초크로 쓴 기호, 고이 간직하다
백악, 백악질의, 분유, 분필, 초크로 chest: 가슴, 궤, 금고, 밀폐 용기,
쓴, 호분, 초크, 색초크, 색분필 상자, 큰상자, 흉곽, 장롱, 자금, 가슴
challenger: 기피자, 도전자, 거부자, 속, 흉중
수하하는 사람, 첼린저, 챌린저 chestnut: 진부한 이야기, 밤, 밤색,
chamber: 약실, 방, 소실, 침실, 밤나무, 밤색의, 젖퉁이, 서양칠엽수,
변호사 사무실, 의원, 의회, 회의장, 밤색 털의 말, 구렁말, 밤나무목재,
회의실, 회의소, 회관 불알
chambers: 독신자용 셋방, 판사실, chide: 꾸짖다, 꾸짖어 쫓아내다,
변호사 사무실 미친듯이 날뛰다, 에게 잔소리하다,
champion: 일류의, 투사, 선수권 미친 듯이 날뛰다
보유자, 챔피언, 우승자, 옹호하다, chieftain: 두목, 족장, 지도자, 추장,
우승한, 전사, 뛰어난 사람, 투사로서 대장, 추장지도자
활동하다, 옹호자 childbirth: 분만, 해산
changing: 작고 보기 어리석은 동물, childish: 어린애 같은, 유치한,
작고 보기 어리석은 사람, 남몰래 어린이 같은, 어른답지 못한, 앳된,
바꿔치기한 어린애, 작고 보기 흉한 아동의, 어른이 같은
사람, 작고 보기 흉한 동물 chill: 오한, 냉기, 차가운, 한기, 춥게
channel: 수로, 강바닥, 해협, 경로, 하다, 냉담한, 냉장하다, 냉랭한,
채널, 루트, 통신로, 도랑, 홈, 방향, 풀죽음, 추위에 떨고 있는, 냉담
주파수대 chin: 턱, 지껄이다, 지껄임, 턱에
channels: 채널 갖다 대다, 잡담, 턱끝, 턱에 대다,
charged: 긴장된, 논쟁이 일어날 것 턱끝-지껄이다, 턱걸이 하다,
같은, 대전한, 마약에 취한, 턱걸이하다
실효전하를 가진, 일촉즉발의 chine: 등뼈, 산등성이, 산마루, 좁고
chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 깊은 골짜기, 등심, 협곡, 의등뼈를
꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 따라 찢다, 선율, 문 등의 차임, 탁상
사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차 시계 등의 차임, 돌출한 가장자리
charioteer: 차로 나르다, 몰다, 이륜 chirrup: 쯧쯧하다, 쯧쯧하여 어르다,
전차를 모는 사람, 이륜 전차를 몰다 짹짹, 갈채하다, 쯧쯧, 지저귀다
chase: 사냥, 추적, 뒤쫓다, 달리다, choked: 메인, 숨막히는, 진저리난,
홈, 달아나다, 사냥하다, 의 뒤를 막힌
쫓다, 쫓아내다, 을 추구하다, 떠나다 choking: 숨막히는, 숨막힘, 목이 멘
chastise: 벌하다, 을 몹시 비난하다, 듯한 숨막힘, 목메는 듯한, 색류의
혼내주다, 응징하다 chopped: 개조한
chattel: 동산, 소지품, 가재 chose: 재산, 물, 물건
chatter: 재잘거리다, 졸졸 흐르다, chosen: 선발된, 좋아하는, 뽑힌,
끽끽 우는 소리, 재잘거림, 선택한, 선택된, 신에게 선택된,
끽끽거리다, 달각달각 소리내다, 신에게 뽑힌
딱딱 맞부딪치다, 딱딱소리, 수다, churl: 최하층의 자유민, 신분이 낮은
수다쟁이, 잘 지저귀는새 사람, 구두쇠, 촌사람, 야비한
cheap: 싸게, 값싼, 시시한, 싼, 사나이, 심술꾸러기, 시골뜨기,
저리의, 노력하지 않고 얻은, 값싸게, 비천한 사람, 거친남자, 무뚝뚝한
할인의, 값이 싼, 인쇄한, 저속한 남자, 거친 남자
checked: 체크 무늬의, 바둑판 circle: 원, 권, 집단, 둘러싸다, 사회,
무늬의, 바둑판무늬의 원형의 물건, 위선, 전계통,
cheeks: 측면, 궁둥이 동그라미를 두르다, 에워싸다, 주기
cheer: 환호, 기분, 갈채, 갈채하다, circling: 빙글빙글돌기
379
circuit: 순회, 주위, 우회, 범위,
정기적 순회, 회로, 서킷,
다이아몬드, 체인, 회선, 흥행 계통
citadel: 성, 포대, 최후의 거점,
피난처, 도시를 지키는 요새, 요새,
거점
clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을
입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다
clamour: 아우성소리 와글와글
떠들다, 외치는 소리, 부르짖음,
시끄럽게 요구하다, 떨들썩함,
외치다
clank: 절거덕 소리나다, 절거덕 소리,
쇠사슬 따위가 쇠를 내다, 절거덕
소리나게 하다, 중풍성 섬망증
clarion: 클라리온, 클라리온의 소리,
밝게 울려 퍼지는, 낭랑한, 명쾌한
나팔 소리, 클라리온 음전
clash: 충돌, 전투, 겹침, 충돌하다,
땡땡 소리나다, 땡땡 울리는 소리,
부딪치다, 저촉되다, 우지끈, 불화-
충돌하다, 불일치
clasp: 껴안다, 죔쇠, 악수, 포옹, 에
휘감기다, 꽉 쥐다, 꼭 쥐다, 버클,
걸쇠, 전투 기장, 쥠
clatter: 떠들썩하게 지껄이다,
떠들썩함, 달가닥달가닥울리다,
떠들썩한 소리지껄임,
달가닥달가닥하는 소리,
덜걱덜걱소리, 달가닥달가닥울리게
하다, 소란스런 소리를 내며
움직이다, 수다, 수다스럽게,
재잘거리다
clay: 점토, 육체, 찰흙, 자질, 흙,
인격, 인품, 사기담뱃대, 천성, 진흙,
인체
clean: 완전한, 청결한, 깨끗한,
청소하다, 결백한, 깨끗해지다,
흠없는, 순결한, 새로운, 아주,
순수한
cleanse: 청결하게 하다, 고치다, 씻어
깨끗이 하다, 세척하다, 숙청하다,
씻다, 제거하다, 청결히 하다, 깨끗이
하다, 정화하다
cleaver: 쪼개는 것, 고기 베는 큰 칼,
고기 써는 식칼, 가르는 사람, 쪼개는
사람, 가르는 것
cleft: 갈라진, 쪼개진, 분열, 갈라진
틈, 오목한 자리, 단절, 갈라진 금,
쪼개진 조각
cleopatra: 클레오파트라, 이집트
최후의 여왕
cleverly: 완전히, 영리하게, 잘,
실수없이, 솜씨좋게, 솜씨 있게,
교묘하게
cliff: 절벽, 낭떠러지, 벼랑
climbing: 기어오르는, 등산,
상승하는, 기어 오름, 등산용의,
등산용의 기어오름, 기어오름
 380 The Iliad
clip: 클립, 자르다, 질주하다, 되는 사람, 이불, 즐거움, 편안하게 compass: 나침반, 이해하다, 한계,
둘러싸다, 잘라내다, 양털의 분량, 하다, 생활을 즐겁게 해 주는 것, 달성하다, 둘레, 에워싸다, 의 둘레를
오려내다, 재빠르게 움직이다, 마음 편안함, 원조하다, 안락 돌다, 적당한 정도, 컴퍼스,
재빠른 동작, 쥐다, 클립으로 comfortable: 안락한, 이불, 기분이 계획하다, 포위하다
고정되다 좋은, 마음 편한, 목도리, 기분좋은, compassion: 동정, 연민, 측은히
cloak: 외투를 입히다, 망토, 구실, 마음편한, 충분한 여김, 동정심
가면, 뒤덮다, 가리는 것, 덮어 comfortably: 기분좋게, 안락하게, compete: 경쟁하다, 맞서다,
가리다, 외투, 은폐하다, 소매없는 부족함이 없이 경합하다, 필적하다, 비견하다,
외투, 소매 없는 외투 comforter: 이불, 고무 젖꼭지, 위안을 겨루다, 사회를 보다
cloister: 수도원, 회랑, 수도원에 주는 사람, 털목도리, 성령, 위안물, compliment: 찬사, 경의, 칭찬하다,
가두다, 들어 박히다, 조용하고 위안자, 위안하는 사람, 조붓하고 긴 의례적인 인사말, 경의를 표하다,
외진곳, 은둔처, 은둔생활, 수녀원, 털실 목도리, 위안을 주는 것 경의의 표시, 아첨, 대갚음하다-
수도원 생활, 복도, 조용하고 외진 곳 comforting: 기분을 돋우는, 인사하다, 듣기 좋은 말을 하다,
closed: 폐쇄한, 업무를 정지한, 격려하는, 위안이 되는, 기분을 따리, 영광된 일
폐쇄적인, 지붕이 있는, 자음으로 돋구는 compunction: 양심의 가책,
끝나는, 자급의, 닫은, 교통차단한, command: 지휘하다, 명령, 지배하다, 양심의가책, 회한, 후회
비공개의, 배타적인, 금렵중인 지휘, 명하다, 의 값어치가 있다, comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료,
closely: 꽉, 열심히, 밀접하게, 지배력, 장악지, 차지하고 있다, 동료다운, 전우, 조합원
면밀히, 접근하여, 일심으로, 명령하다, 조망 concealed: 숨기는
알뜰하게, 친밀하게, 엄중히, 친밀히, commander: 사령관, 지휘관, 지휘자, concede: 인정하다, 양보하다,
엄밀히 해군 중령, 경시장, 상급 훈작사, 용인하다, 부여하다, 패배를
closer: 닫는것, 최종회, 폐색기, 닫는 부함장 인정하다, 핸디캡으로서 주다,
것 commanding: 전망이 좋은, 승인하다
cloth: 행주, 피륙, 돛, 옷감, 걸레, 지휘하는, 당당한, 위엄있는, conceive: 상상하다, 임신하다, 배다,
검은 성직복, 모직물, 범포, 클로스, 위풍당당한, 유리한 장소를 차지한 이해하다, 마음에 품다, 착상하다,
천, 헝겊 commands: 명령 마음에품다, 말로표현하다, 라고
clothe: 덮다, 부여하다, 싸다, 입히다, commit: 위탁하다, 범하다, 몸을 생각하다, 생각하다, 생각해 내다
표현하다, 의복을지급하다, 입다, 맡기다, 맡기다, 위원회에 회부하다, concerning: 에 관하여, -에 관하여
주다, 의복을 몸에 걸치다, 의복을 감금하다, 수용하다, 손상하다, concert: 합주, 협정하다, 제휴,
걸치다, 몸에걸치다 속박하다, 떠맡다, 넣다 연주회, 협화음, 협조, 협조하다,
clotted: 응고한, 순전한, 전적인, 엉긴 committed: 언질을 주어, 헌신적인, 협약, 콘서트용의, 콘서트에서
cloud: 구름, 흐림, 더럽히다, 구름 전렴하는, 꼼짝못할 입장이 되어, 연주되는, 음악회
무늬로 아로새기다, 구름으로 덮다, 명확한 태도를 가진, 약속하여, conciliate: 달래다, 회유하다, 존경을
흐리다, 흐리게 하다, 애매하게 전념하는 얻다, 환심을 사다, 화해시키다,
만들다, 부드러운 스카프, 먼지, 어둠 commune: 간담, 코뮌, 친교, 성찬을 조정하다, 제편으로 끌어들이다,
clouded: 흐린, 혼란된, 침울한, 받다, 지방 자치데의 주민, 친하게 호의를 얻다
애매한, 구름에 덮힌, 구름무늬의, 사귀다하다, 파리혁명정부, 지방 concourse: 집합, 경마장, 군중,
구름 모양의, 구름무늬가 있는, 자치체, 히피 부탁, 중공의 인민 경기장, 군집, 합류, 큰 길, 중앙광장,
흐릿한, 멍한 공사, 인민공사 중앙홀, 중앙 광장
clubfooted: 내반족의 compact: 계약, 아담한, 간결한, concubine: 첩, 내연의 처, 처
clutched: 초조한, 긴장한 굳히다, 소형 자동차, 치밀한, 으로 conduct: 행위, 지도, 수행하다,
coarse: 야비한, 조잡한, 결이 거친, 된, 계약을 맺다, 콤팩트, 꽉 들어찬, 지휘하다, 이끌다, 품행, 안내하다,
조제의, 하치의, 천한, 상스러운, 구성하다 행동하다, 전도하다, 지휘, 교목
추잡한, 눈, 굵은, 거친 companion: 동료, 동무, 동반자, 갑판 confident: 자부심이 강한, 대담한,
coat: 칠하다, 외피, 상의, 입히다, 승강구의 덮개문, 말동무, 안내서, 막역한 벗, 확신하고, 자신 만만한,
씌운 것, 가죽, 스커트, 덮개, 코트, 이야기 상대로 고용된 여자, 짝, 확신하여, 친구, 자신있는, 자신을
칠, 층 천창, 최하위 훈작사, 패 가진, 독단적인, 확신하고 있는
columns: 열 companionship: 교제, 동무로서 confidently: 대담하게, 자신 있게,
combat: 전투, 격투, 분투하다, 사귀기, 식자공동료, 친구로서 자신만만하게, 확신하여, 확신을
싸우다, 와 싸우다, 투쟁하다, 을 사귀기, 친구들, 최하위 훈작사의 갖고
제거하기 위해 노력하다, 을 위계, 교우관계, 교우, 식자공 동료, confirmation: 확인, 확정, 확증,
제거하기위해 싸우다, 격투하다, 최하위 훈작사 견진성사, 확립, 증언, 증거, 비준,
투쟁, 전투용의 comparable: 와 비교되는, 유사한, 견고하게함, 시인, 견진 성사
comeliness: 예쁨, 적합, 단정함 필적하는, 비슷한, 비교할수있는, conflict: 투쟁, 충돌, 다투다,
comely: 적당한, 알맞은, 걸맞는, 동등한, 에 필적하는 충돌하다, 전투, 다툼, 모순, 알력,
자색이고운, 아름다운, 어울리는, compare: 비교하다, 비유하다, 비교, 쟁의, 갈등, 서로 용납되지 않다
얼굴이 잘생긴, 미모의, 얼굴이 잘 맞 견주다, 대조하다, 견줌, 에 confound: 혼동하다, 꺾다, 저주하다,
생긴 비기다, 이나 마찬가지이다, 좌절시키다, 제기랄, 당황케하다,
comfort: 위로, 위안하다, 낙, 위로가 참조하다, 필적하다, 견주다 곤혹케 하다, 난처하게 하다, 당황케
 Homer
하다, 제기랄 가벼운 욕 망할 자식, 끊임없이, 계속적으로
제기랄 망할 자식 continuous: 연속적인, 끊임없는,
confused: 혼란스러운, 당황한, 마디 없는, 끊이지않는, 그칠줄
혼란한, 어리둥절한, 지리멸렬한, 모르는, 간단없는
낭패한 contrary: 반대의, 심술궂은, 상반하는
confusion: 당황, 혼동, 혼란, 혼미, 사물, 정반대, 반대로, 거꾸로, 역,
지리멸렬, 뒤죽박죽, 착란, 난잡 불리한, 거꾸로의, 반대명제,
conquer: 정복하다, 극복하다, 외고집의
손아귀에 넣다, 억누르다, 획득하다, contrive: 연구하다, 꾸미다,
승리를얻다, 타파하다, 공략하다, 고안하다, 계획하다, 일부러
이가다, 승리를 얻다 저지르다, 꾀하다, 꾸려나가다,
conquering: 정복하는 설계하다, 획책하다, 일부러
conscience: 양심, 도의심, 선악의 초래하다, 꾸려 나가다
관념 contumely: 모욕, 오만 불손, 오만,
consent: 동의, 동의하다, 승낙하다, 무례
승낙, 동의자, 찬성하다, 일치 conversant: 친교가 있는, 밝은, 친한,
consequence: 결과, 결론, 영향, 잘알고있는, 정통한
중대성, 귀결, 사회적 중요성, 자존, conversation: 회화, 담화, 대화,
중요성, 잘난체함, 결말, 중대함 비공식 회담, 성교, 좌담, 사교, 친교
consideration: 고려, 보수, 약인, converse: 담화, 교제, 반대, 뒤바뀐,
참작, 경의, 고려할 사항, 존중, 전환 명제, 친하게 사귀다, 함께
헤아림, 팁, 중요함, 중요성 이야기하다, 역, 거꾸로의,
considering: 치고는, 을 생각하면, 이야기하다, 회화
비교적, 그런대로, 에 비해서, convey: 양도하다, 전달하다, 나르다,
이므로, 을 고려하면, 고려한다면 전하다, 뜻하다, 알리다, 옮기다,
constantly: 끊임없이, 항상, 빈번히, 나타내다, 운반하다, 시사하다
노상, 자주, 변함없이 convulsively: 발작적으로
consult: 고려하다, 상의하다, cook: 요리하다, 요리되다, 요리사,
참고하다, 찾다, 의견을 묻다, 조작하다, 식사를 준비하다,
조사하다, 의견을 듣다, 상담하다, 지어내다, 일어나다, 녹초가 되게
진찰을 받다, 의논하다, 컨설턴트 하다, 쿡, 음식을 만들다, 지치게
직을 맡다 하다
consulting: 자문의, 진찰 전문의, cooling: 냉각, 냉각의
잔찰을 위한, 진찰의, 고문의 coon: 교활한 놈, 검둥이, 너구리의
consume: 소비하다, 다하다, 일종, 미국 너구리, 그모피
소멸하다, 소멸시키다, 바싹 여위게 copper: 구리, 구리빛의, 동, 동전,
하다, 소비되다, 마음을 좀먹다, 주홍부전나비속의 나비, 순경, 동화,
다써버리다, 다 먹어버리다, 동산주, 취사용 보일러, 구리의,
소모하다, 낭비하다 구리빛
consuming: 소비하는, 여위게 하는, coppice: 작은 관목숲, 잡목숲, 작은
태워버리는, 다 태워버리는, 관목 숲
애태우는, 여위게하는, 태워 버리는 corinth: 코린트
consummate: 완전한, 유능한, corn: 옥수수, 밀, 티눈, 곡물, 낟알,
마치다, 완성된, 완성하다, 이루다, 못, 귀리, 감상적인 음악, 곡초, 뿔이
극점에 달하게 하다, 더없는, 무상의, 있는의 뜻, 소금을 뿌리다
성취하다, 신방에 들어완성시키다 cornel: 산딸나무속의 식물,
contain: 포함하다, 참다, 견제하다, 산딸기나무속 관목의 일종,
끼다, 들어가다, 억누르다, 담고있다, 꽃층층나무
와 같다, 품다, 인수로 가지다, 이 corpse: 시체, 송장
들어가다 corruption: 부패, 타락, 전와, 순수성
contained: 억제하는, 조심스러운 상실, 개악, 매수, 폐풍, 퇴폐, 부정,
contented: 만족하고 있는, 흡족해 변조, 독직
하는, 달갑게 하는, 만족한 corslet: 허리에 두르는 갑옷, 곤충의
contention: 논쟁, 투쟁, 논쟁점, 흉부, 코르셋과 브래지어를 합친
말다툼, 논전, 주장, 경쟁 여성용 속옷, 갑옷의 동부
contest: 경쟁, 다투다, 경쟁하다, couch: 침상, 눕다, 초자체 전위를
논쟁, 다툼, 경연, 이의를 제기하다, 시술하다, 띄우다, 쌓이다, 말로
논쟁하다, 겨루다, 콘테스트, 경기 표현하다, 못자리, 잠복하다, 누이다,
continually: 빈번히, 줄곧, 계속해서, 침석, 휴식처
381
councillor: 참사관, 고문관, 의원,
평의원
counsel: 상담, 협의, 계획, 충고,
조언하다, 변호사, 결심, 법률고문,
사려, 조언, 평의
counselling: 카운슬링
counsellor: 고문관, 평의원, 시의
의원, 참사관, 법정 변호사, 상담역
countless: 무수한, 셀 수 없이 많은,
셀수 없는, 셀 수 없는
courage: 용기, 담력, 용감, 배짱
courageous: 용기 있는, 용감한,
대담한, 담력이 있는, 용기있는
courteous: 예의바른, 정중한, 친절한
courtesy: 호의, 예의, 예의상의,
정중함, 우대, 친절, 우대의, 공손,
인사, 정중한 행위, 특별 대우
courtyard: 안뜰, 안마당, 마당
cousin: 사촌, 같은 계통의 것, 친척,
경, 친한 친구, 봉, 사촌간, 얼간이,
일가, 종자, 종형
covenant: 계약하다, 계약, 서약, 계약
조항, 맹약, 날인증서, 날인 증서
계약, 날인 증서
covered: 덮개를 씌운, 뚜껑을 한,
모자를 쓴, 엄호물이 있는, 지붕이
있는, 차폐한, 감춰진
covering: 덮는, 지붕, 덮개, 덮음,
피복, 커버, 외피, 엄호의, 엄호-
덮는, 엄호, 덮어씌움
covert: 은밀한, 숨는 장소, 칼깃,
보호를 받고 있는, 비밀의, 잠복소,
우복우, 암암리의, 숨긴, 살며시,
숨은
covertly: 남몰래
covetous: 몹시 탐내는, 탐욕스러운,
열망하는
cow: 암소, 암컷, 으르다, 단정치 못한
여자, 위협하다, 겁을 먹게하다,
젖소, 축우
coward: 겁쟁이, 겁많은, 소심한,
비겁한, 비겁한 사람, 겁많은 말
cowardice: 겁, 비겁, 소심
cowardly: 겁을 내어, 겁많은, 비겁한,
비열한, 비겁하게도, 겁 많은
cower: 움츠리다, 움츠러들다,
웅크리다, 위축하다
cozen: 속이다
crack: 결점, 굴복하다, 변성,
갑작스런 날카로운 소리,
재치있는말, 시도, 지껄이다, 자랑,
날카로운 폭음을 내다, 떨어뜨리다,
갈라진 금
cracked: 금이 간, 깨진, 갈라진, 미친,
떨어진, 변성한, 손상된, 모소리가
변한, 뻐개진, 쉰, 어리석은
cracking: 굉장히 좋은, 매우, 열분해,
분류, 빠른, 굉장히, 아주 멋진,
철저한, 크래킹, 활발한, 맹렬한
 382 The Iliad
craft: 기능, 기술, 간지, 기교, 선박, crush: 붐빔, 진압, 압착하다, 눌러 것, 공기 쿠션, 가라앉히다, 허리띠에
교활, 동업자들, 직업, 동업 조합, 터뜨림, 과즙, 궤멸시키다, 짝패, 대는 헝겊받침, 쿠션을 달다,
교묘함, 교묘 혼잡, 분쇄, 서로 밀고 들어가다, 쿠션으로 받치다, 안석, 베이스, 방석
craftily: 교활하게 무너지다 custom: 풍습, 습관, 관습, 세관, 애고,
crafty: 교활한, 교묘한, 간사한, 나쁜 crushed: 진압하는, 압착하는, 쑤셔 관세, 규칙, 관례, 고객, 단골, 돌봐줌
꾀가 많은, 간사하게 넣는, 서로 밀고 들어가는, 밀어 cutting: 예리한, 신랄한, 절단, 싸게
cramped: 경련을 일으킨, 비좁은, 넣는, 무너지는, 눌러 부수는, 파는, 자른 가지, 필름 편집, 통렬한,
알아보기 힘든, 읽기어려운, 궤멸시키는, 구김살투성이로 만드는 살을 에는 듯한, 날카로운, 깎고 가는
배배꼬인, 갑갑한 crushing: 눌러 터뜨리는, 압도적인, 가공, 오려낸 것
crashing: 완전한, 철저한, 특별한, 박살내는, 결정적인, 분쇄하는, cyprian: 음탕한, 매춘부, 키프로스 섬
예외적인, 두려울만한, 두려운, 궤멸적인, 눌러 터뜨리는 것 사람, 음탕한 여자, 키프로스섬의,
놀라울만한, 최고의 cry: 부르짖다, 울다, 외침, 고함, 키프로스 섬 사람의, 사랑의 여신
creature: 생물, 창조물, 인간, 노예, 애원하다, 엉엉 울다, 큰소리로 베뉴스의, 키프로스 섬의, 베뉴스의
소산, 녀석, 사람, 가공의 동물, 지배 부르다, 큰소리로 알리다, 외치다, 숭배자
당하는 자, 여자, 부하 울며...하다, 함성 cyprus: 키프로스, 지중해 동부의 섬
creek: 작은 만, 후미, 작은 내, 크리크 crying: 외치는, 긴급한, 울부짖는, daedalus: 다이달로스
동맹, 크리크 말, 크리크족, 지류, 심한, 좌시할 수없는, 지독한 dagger: 단도, 칼표, 이중 칼표,
내포, 작은내, 크리크, 크리크 사람 crystal: 수정, 광석, 수정 제품, 무서운 눈초리로 노려보다,
crest: 꼭대기, 볏, 갈기, 도가머리, 수정의, 컷글라스, 결정체, 결정, 심한적의를 품고
물마루, 산꼭대기, 새깃 장식, 수정 구슬, 컷글라스로 만든 식기류, dainty: 우아한, 품위 있는, 성미가
용마루, 관모, 꼭대기 장식, 머리장식 수정점, 크리스털유리 까다로운, 맛좋은, 진미, 맛좋은-
crested: 볏이 있는 cudgel: 곤봉으로 때리다, 곤장, 곤봉 짐미, 우미한, 까다로운, 맛있는 것
crete: 크레타 섬, 크레타섬 cuirass: 동체 갑옷, 몸통 갑옷, 보호 dale: 골짜기
crew: 동아리, 패거리, 승무원, 크루, 골판, 에게 동체 갑옷을 입히다, dally: 빈둥거리다, 장난치다, 헛되게
승무원 전원, 반, 의 승무원의 장갑, 장갑하다, 흉갑 보내다, 희롱하다, 희룽거리다,
일원으로서 일하다, 일단, 일반 cunning: 교묘한, 교활한, 귀여운, 낭비하다, 빈둥빈둥 지내다
선원들, 대, 보트팀 노련한, 멋있는, 숙련, 솜씨, 현명한, dam: 댐, 어미 짐승, 막다, 저지하다,
crocus: 크로커스, 돌팔이 의사, 재간있는, 약삭빠른, 빈틈없음 어미, 아이 딸리나 여자, 둑으로
산화철 가루, 그 꽃, 산화철 cunningly: 교활하게, 교묘하게 막다-둑으로 막다, 둑으로 막다, 에
crooked: 부정직한, 마음이 비뚤어진, cupbearer: 술 따르는 사람, 잔 댐을 만들다
구부러진, 기형의, 비뚤어진, 드리는 자 damages: 손해액
부정하게, 부정수단으로 얻은, cure: 치유, 치료하다, 고치다, 치료, dance: 춤추다, 뛰다, 흔들거리다,
허리가 구부러진, 뒤틀린, 꼬부라진, 양생하다, 치료법, 영혼의 구제, 댄스, 춤을 추다, 춤추어 이르게
굴곡된 목사직, 낫다, 가황, 가황하다 하다, 춤추어 어떤 상태에 이르게
cross: 교차하다, 교배시키다, curious: 이상한, 호기심이 강한, 하다, 춤, 춤추게 하다, 무도술,
가로지르다, 십자가, 고난, 가로의, 진서인, 면밀한, 묘한, 호기심을 무도법
잡종의, 부정, 가로줄을 긋다, 끄는, 진기한, 정성들인, 캐기 dancer: 춤추는 사람, 댄서, 전문적인
건너가다, 비뚤어진 좋아하는, 외설한, 알고 싶어하는 무용가, 무희, 무용가
crossed: 횡선을 그은, 십자모양으로 curiously: 호기심에서, 기묘하게, dancing: 무도, 춤, 댄스 홀, 무도장,
놓은, 열십자로 된, 방해된, 지독하게, 신기한 듯이, 진기한듯이, 댄스 연습, 댄스
방해되는, 교차한, 교차된, 가로 기묘하게도 danger: 위험, 장애, 의 위험이 있다,
세로로 글씨를 쓴, 교차 curling: 컬링, 말리기 쉬운, 말림, 위험 상태, 위험물
crossing: 교차, 교차점, 횡단, 위축, 머리 지지는데 쓰이는, 말려 dangling: 에게 결과를 알리지 않고
이종교배, 건널목, 교잡, 횡선, 올라감, 말아 지지기 기다리게 하다, 을 애타게 하다
십자로, 방해, 횡단보도, 도항 curse: 저주하다, 월경, 저주, 재앙, dare: 도전하다, 위험을 무릅쓰다,
crowd: 패거리, 군중, 다수, 떼쓰다, 파문하다, 욕지거리하다, 천벌을 모험적으로 해보다, 감히 ~ 하다,
부대, 군집하다, 들어차게 하다, 꽉 내리다, 저주의 말, 파문, 괴롭히다, 용기가 있다, 도전, 무릅쓰다
들어차다, 녀석, 몰려들다, 독설 daring: 겁이 없는, 대담무쌍한,
밀치락달치락하며 들어가다 cursed: 저주할, 심술궂은, 대담한, 모험적인 기상, 모험적인
crowded: 붐비는, 혼잡한, 만원의, 저주스러움, 심술통, 지겨운, 심사 용기
파란 만장의, 다사다난한, 붐비다, 사나운, 저부받은, 천벌받은, darkness: 어둠, 암흑, 무지, 설명,
장소가 가득 차서, 가득 차서 지긋지긋한, 가증스러운, 저주 받은 애매, 불명료, 맹목, 흑심
crowned: 왕관을 쓴, 춤이 있는, curtain: 막, 커튼, 막을 치다, 휘장 darling: 가장 사랑하는 사람, 귀여운,
왕위에 오른, 관식을 단 꼴의 물건, 막으로 가리다, 한 권의 당신, 가장 사랑하는, 가장
cruel: 잔인한, 심한, 잔혹한, 아주, 끝, 막벽, 위장을 치다, 죽음, 칸막이, 귀여워하는 사람
몹시, 지독하게, 무정한, 무참한, 휘장 dart: 던지는 창, 돌진하다, 발사하다,
비차만, 비참한, 지독한 curved: 구부러진, 만곡한, 표창, 던지다, 침, 침-던지다,
cruelly: 잔인하게, 몹시, 지독하게, 곡선모양의 날아가다, 곤충 등의 침, 다트,
잔혹하게 cushion: 완충물, 쿠션, 쿠션 꼴을 한 던지는 살
 Homer 383
darts: 다츠 deed: 행위, 실행, 행동, 업적, 증서 deny: 부정하다, 면회를 거절하다,
dash: 대시, 끼얹다, 단숨에 하다, deem: 생각하다, 으로 생각하다 거절하다, 부인하다
내던지다, 단거리 경주, 기운, 기미, deeply: 철저히, 짙게, 깊이, 굵고 departed: 죽은, 과거의, 고인,
기를 꺽다, 허세, 충동, 위세 낮게, 대단히, 심각하게, 교묘히 지나간, 죽은사람
dashed: 괘씸한, 굉장히, 낙심한, deer: 사슴 deplore: 비탄하다
의기 소침한, 지독히 defeat: 패배, 타파, 격파하다, 지우다, deprived: 가난한, 가난한 사람들,
dashing: 기운찬, 멋부린, 화려한, 방해하다, 과기, 무효로 하다, 좌절, 불우한
기세 좋은, 위세 당당한 격파, 무효로 하다-격파, 쳐부수다 depths: 깊은 곳
daunt: 놀라게하다, 으르다, defeated: 쳐부수는 descendant: 자손
위압하다, 조금도 겁내지 않고, -의 defenceless: 방비 없는 descended: 유래한, 전해진
기세를 꺾다 defend: 변호하다, 지키다, 방위하다, descent: 내리받이, 상속, 하강, 가계,
dauntless: 대담한, 겁 없는 방어하다, 답변하다, 항변하다, 내리받이 길, 강하, 가문, 급습, 세습,
dawn: 밝아지다, 새벽, 동이 트다, 옹호하다 한 세대, 혈통
여명, 나타나기 시작하다, 날이새다, defiance: 도전, 반항, 무시 desert: 버리다, 당연한 응보, 사막,
동틀녁, 동틀영, 시초, 날이 새다 defile: 더럽히다, 종대로 행진하다, 도망하다, 불모의, 상을 받을 만한
dawning: 동쪽, 새벽, 여명, 동녁, 종대로 시키다, 애로 가치, 사막의, 지방의, 쓸쓸한, 불모
조짐, 징조, 출현, 새벽녘, 시작, defraud: 속이다, 편취하다, 속여서 시대, 불모 지대
여명기 빼앗다 deserted: 버림받은, 사람이 살지
daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘 deftly: 능란하게, 솜씨가 좋게 않는, 활페한, 황폐한
daylight: 일광, 주간, 낮, 틈, 눈, defy: 도전하다, 무시하다, 반항하다, desire: 원하다, 정욕, 욕구, 바라다,
이해, 의식 거부하다, 허용하지 않다 욕구-바라는 것, 바라다-소원,
dazzling: 눈부신 dejected: 기운 없는, 낙담한, 낙심한 바라는 것, 소원, 바람, 욕망, 희망
deadly: 치명적인, 심한, 몹시, 죽음 delay: 유예, 지연, 늦게하다, desired: 옳은, 훌륭한, 바랐던,
같은, 주검처럼, 용서 할수 없는, 지연시키다, 지체하다, 연기하다- 희망했던
용서 할수 없는-주검처럼, 죽음과 늦어지다, 연기하다, 늦어지다, desist: 그만두다, 단념하다
같은, 죽은 사람과 같은, 매우 지체하다-지연, 지연 기간, desolate: 황량한, 황폐케하다,
효과적인, 살려둘 수 없는 우물쭈물하다 황폐한, 음산한, 고독한, 사람이 안
dealing: 관계, 취급, 교제, 거래, delayed: 뒤 늦은, 지발의 사는, 시람이 안 사는, 쓸쓸한,
행동, 교섭, 도름 delicacy: 섬세함, 정교, 우미, 연약함, 내버려진
dearly: 값 비싸게, 끔찍이, 비싸게, 우아, 솜씨있음, 고움, 맛있는 음식, despair: 절망, 절망의 근원,
대정 깊이, 깊이, 극진히 날씬함, 동정심, 섬세 절망하다, 자포자기
debt: 빚, 죄, 부채, 은혜, 의리, 빚진 delicate: 섬세한, 허약한, 고상한, desperate: 필사적인, 자포자기의,
것 정묘한, 미묘한, 민감한, 우아한, 절망적인, 터무니없는, 극도의
deceitful: 거짓의, 기만적인, 속이는, 솜씨 좋은, 세심한 주의가 필요한, desperately: 필사적으로,
사기의 정밀한, 맛좋은 절망적으로, 지독하게, 생각다 못해,
deceive: 속이다, 미혹시키다, delicately: 미묘하게, 정교하게, 몹시, 자포자기하여
사기하다 섬세하게, 우아하게, 고상하게 despise: 경멸하다
deceived: 사기하는 delight: 기쁨, 기뻐하다, 즐기다, despiteful: 심술모은, 악의 있는,
deck: 갑판, 단장하다, 꾸미다, 평평한 즐겁게하다, 유쾌, 기쁘게 하는 것, 짓궂은
지붕, 갑판을 깔다, 지면, 갑판에 매우 기쁘게 하다 despoil: 약탈하다
나와서, 지면-갑판을 깔다, 다음 delightful: 매우 기쁜, 즐거운 destiny: 운명, 천명, 하늘, 하늘의 뜻
타자가 되어, 준비되어, 전투 준비를 deliver: 배달하다, 구해내다, 연설을 destitute: 결핍한, 군색한, 빈곤한
하다 하다, 넘겨주다, 석방을 하다, destroy: 멸하다, 파괴하다, 폐하다,
declare: 언명하다, 선언하다, 분만하다, 후보자을 위하여 표를 죽이다, 망치다, 논파하다,
성명하다, 신고하다, 공언하다, 모으다, 분만시키다, 넘겨 주다, 소실시키다
언명해 놓고 그만두다, 신고하다- 가하다, 해방시키다 destruction: 파괴, 멸망, 절멸, 파멸의
공언하다, 단언하다, 나타내다, deliverance: 구출, 해방, 진술, 원인
알리다, 포고하다 진술의 공표, 평결, 액막이, 석방, destructive: 파괴적인, 유해한,
declared: 공공연한, 숨김 없는, 발표, 구조, 공식 의견, 의견 파멸시키는, 파괴주의적인, 해를
공언한, 언명한, 신고한, 선언한 delivered: 인도의 끼치는
decline: 기울다, 쇠약병, 기욺, 쇠비, delivery: 배달, 인도, 교부, 석방, detailed: 상세한
사퇴하다, 물가의 하락, 쇠하다, 분만, 말투, 구조, 방출, 발송 detained: 유치하는, 감금하는,
늘그막, 아래로 향하게 하다, 기울어, dell: 작은 골짜기 구류하는
경사 demesne: 소유, 범위, 영지, 지역, determine: 결심시키다, 결정하다,
decorated: 장식식의, 훈장을 받은, 토지의 점유, 점유지, 저택에 따른 땅 한정하다, 결심하다, 측정하다,
훌륭하게 꾸민, 장식된 den: 굴, 소굴, 작고 아늑한 사실, 측정하다-결심하다, 끝나다, 정하다
decrees: 교령집 밀실, 사실, 유년단의 분대 determined: 단호한, 결정된, 확정된,
dedicated: 일신을 바친, 오로지 dense: 우둔한, 조밀한, 짙은, 농밀한, 결연한, 굳게 결심한
특정한 목적을 위한, 전용의 머리가 나쁜, 밀집한, 이해하기 힘든 devise: 궁리하다, 안출하다,
 384 The Iliad
유증하다, 유증, 유증하다-유증, 실패, 재앙 disposal: 처분, 배치, 처리, 양도,
부동산 유증, 고안하다 disastrous: 비참한, 재해의 처분의
devote: 바치다 disc: 편편한 원반, 편편한 원반 disposed: 배치된, 한 감정을 품고, 할
devoted: 헌신적인, 골몰하여, 모양의 물건, 원반의 뜻, 원반, 생각이 있는
저주받은, 몸을 바친, 애정이 깊은, 레코드의 뜻, 디스크, 디스코테크, disposer: 찌꺼기처리 장치, 처리자
열애하는, 골몰하는, 헌납된 날개 바퀴, 평원형의 표면 disposition: 성질, 처리, 배치, 성향,
devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, disconcerted: 당혹한, 당황한 처분, 배열
개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, discontent: 불만, 불만을 품게하다, disregard: 무시하다, 무시, 경시하다,
개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, 불만의 원인, 불만이 있는, 불평이 경시
게걸스레 먹다 있는 distaff: 실감는 막대, 여성, 실패,
devouring: 열렬한, 게걸스레 먹는, discord: 불일치, 불협화음, 일치하지 실톳대, 모계, 모계의
열중시키는, 맹렬한, 사람을 않다, 불화하다, 부조화, 불화, distant: 먼, 쌀쌀한, 어겸풋한,
괴롭히는, 탐하듯이 협화하지 않다 에두루는, 어렴풋한, 혈연이 먼,
dew: 이슬이 내리다, 이슬방울, discourse: 담화, 논설, 설교, 이야기, 거리를 두는, 닮은 관계 등이 먼,
이슬로 적시다, 이슬이 내리다- 강연, 강연하다, 논술하다, 강화 닮은 정도 등이 먼, 먼 데를 보는
이슬로 적시다, 이슬이 내린다, 이슬, discover: 발견하다, 밝히다, 듯한, 시간적으로 먼
신선함, 이슬로 젖다 찾아내다, 나타내다, 발견자, distinction: 특질, 구별, 차별, 명예,
diadem: 왕관, 왕위, 왕권, -에게 내색하다 탁월, 쓸데없는 구별짓기, 특징,
왕관을 주다, 왕관으로 장식하다 discretion: 신중, 행동의 자유, 분별, 차이, 저명, 유명해지다, 우수성
diana: 달의 여신, 달, 여자 이름, 여자 사려, 자유 재량, 마음대로, 분별 distinguish: 구별하다, 분류하다,
사냥꾼, 다이아나 연령, 판단의 자유, 선택의 자유 분간하다, 두르러지가하다, 수훈을
dice: 주사위, 야채 따위를 골패짝 disdain: 경멸, 경멸하다, 경멸하다- 세우다, 이름을 떨치다, 구별이 되다,
모양으로 썰다, 작은 입방체, 주사위 경멸적인, 경멸적인, 경멸감, 할 구별하는, 판별하다, 두드러지게
놀이를 하다, 주사위 노름으로 잃다, 가치가 없다고 생각하다 하다, 식별하다
작은 입방체-주사위 놀이를 하다- disfigured: 의 외관을 손상하는 distraction: 기분 전환, 주의 산만,
주사위 노름으로 잃다, 주사위꼴로 disgrace: 창피, 치욕, 욕보이다, 눈 정신의 홀어짐, 오락, 광기, 불화,
자르다, 주사위꼴로 하다, 서양 밖에 나 있음, 불명예, 수치가 되다, 정신이 흩어짐, 마음이 혼란
장기판 꼴로 하다, 거절하다, 총애를 잃게 하다, 망신시키는 것 distraught: 정신이 돈, 마음이 상한,
도박해서 잃다 disgraceful: 수치스러운, 욕된 몹시 고민한, 마음이 산란한, 정신이
die: 주사위, 죽다, 소멸하다, 거푸집, disguised: 속임수의, 술취한, 변장한 혼란하여, 미친
나사틀, 희미해지다, 화인, 죽을 것 disgusted: 메스꺼워찌게 하는 distress: 고난, 고통, 빈궁, 비탄,
같다, 주사위꼴로 자른 것, 주사위 dishonour: 굴욕, 불명예, 치욕, 고민, 심통, 피로하게 하다, 피로,
도박, 점점 작아지다 정조를 범하다, 인수거절, 의 명예를 괴롭히다, 압류-괴롭히다, 압류
dies: 날, 일 손상시키다, 어기다, 수칫거리, distribute: 분배하다, 분류하다,
dig: 파다, 탐구하다, 찌르다, 알다, 지불거절, 의 명예를 더럽히다 분포하다, 확충하다, 주연하다,
주의를 기울이다, 캐내다, 쿡 찌르기, disinclined: 하고 싶지 않은, 내키지 배급하다, 확충시키다, 살포하다,
파나가다, 파서 뚫다, 꾸준히 않는 주연시키다, 해판하다
공부하다, 꾸준히 공부하다- 한번 dislike: 싫어하다, 혐오, 미워하다, disturb: 방해하다, 어지럽히다,
찌르기 증오, 싫어함 소란하게 하다, 불안하게하다,
dignity: 존엄, 위엄, 관록, 품위, dismay: 당황, 경악, 깜짝 놀라게 불안하게 하다, 소란하게하다,
체면에 관계되다, 위풍, 위계, 고위 하다, 근심시키다, 당황케 하다, 놀람 교란하다, 저해하다, 침해하다
인사 disobey: 듣지 않다, 반항하다, ditch: 도랑, 을 버리다, 도랑에
din: 소음, 뇌고 되뇌이다, 소음이 불복종하다, 좇지 않다 빠뜨리다, 도랑에빠뜨리다, 죽을
나다, 소음으로 멍멍하게 하다, 귀를 dispenser: 약제사, 분배자, 조제사, 때까지 분전하다, 착수시키다, 치다,
멍멍하게 하다, 울리다 시여하는 사람, 시여자, 자동 판매기 도랑을 파다, 도랑에 떨어뜨리다,
dingle: 깊은 협곡, 깊고 좁은 골짜기 disperse: 흩뜨리다, 흩어지다, 영국 해협, 버리다
dire: 극도의, 긴급한, 무서운, 무서은, 분산하다, 흩어지게 하다 dive: 몰두, 몰두하다, 뛰어들다,
긴박한 dispersed: 흩어진, 분산된, 분산한 잠수, 갑자기없어지다, 다이빙,
dirge: 만가, 애도가 display: 전시, 과시하다, 진열, 급강하, 탐구, 짐수하다, 잠수시키다,
dirt: 진흙, 쓰레기, 오물, 비열한 울리다, 보이다, 표시, 펼치다, 짜고 하는 녹아웃
언사, 흙, 토지, 먼지, 욕, 굴욕을 진열하다, 돋보이게 하다, 드러내 divers: 약간의, 여러가지의, 몇 개의
참다, 폐석, 욕설 보이기, 디스플레이 diverse: 다른, 다양한, 여러가지의,
disabled: 불구가 된, 무능력하게 된, displease: 불쾌하게 하다, 성나게 다른 종류의
신체 장애자, 신체 장애자들 하다 diverting: 기분 전환이 되는,
disaffection: 불평, 불만, 모반심, displeased: 화난 재미있는, 즐거운, 심심풀이의,
민심 이탈, 이반 displeasure: 불쾌 재미나는
disallow: 허가하지 않다, 부인하다, disport: 놀이, 놀다, 즐거움, 즐겁게 dives: 부자
각하하다 하다, 즐겁게 하다-즐거움, 흥겹게 divide: 분배하다, 분리하다, 나누다,
disaster: 천재, 참사, 재해, 재난, 큰 놀다, 장난하다 갈라지다, 가르다, 대립시키다,
 Homer
표결하다, 표결하다-분수계, 분수계, downwards: 쇠미한, 쇠잔하여,
분류하다, 분계 아래쪽으로
divided: 분할된, 열개한, 갈라진, draft: 징병, 초안, 초고, 끌기, 뽑아냄,
분리된, 분배한, 각기 다른 빼기, 한그물, 중량, 설계안, 선발,
dividing: 나누는, 구분적인 견인
divination: 예언, 점, 전조, 예감 drafting: 선발, 제도, 기안, 기안
divine: 비범한, 신성한, 신의, 방법, 기초, 기초 방법
종교적인, 성직자, 예언하다, 신성의, drag: 발을 질질 끌며걷다, 끌리다,
신수의, 알아채다, 점치다, 신학자 당기다, 흙다, 써레, 끌기, 느릿느릿
divinely: 신처럼, 신과 같이, 신에 나아가다, 바퀴 멈추개, 바퀴멈추개,
의하여, 신의힘으로, 거룩하게 느릿느릿나아가다, 느릿느릿걷다
diviner: 점쟁이, 광맥을 찾아내는 dragging: 질질 끄는, 오래 걸리는,
사람, 예언자, 점치는 사람, 수맥, 질질 끄는 것, 오래 걸리는 것
수맥을 찾아내는 사람 drawing: 그림, 발행, 제도, 달여내기,
diving: 다이빙, 잠수업, 잠수의, 잠수 데상, 선화, 칼을 빼기, 잡아늘이기,
dizzy: 당혹케하다, 어질어질한, 그림의, 달이기
현기증나는, 현기증나게하다, 현기증 dread: 공포, 두려움, 두려워하다,
나는, 지각 없는, 마음이 들떠, 걱정하다, 격정하다, 무서운 물건,
현기증 나게 하다, 어지러울 정도의 무서운 사람
dock: 참소투쟁이속의 식물, 법정의 dream: 몽상, 꿈, 공상하다, 꿈꾸다,
피고속, 선창부두, 선거, 도크, 매력 있는 사람, 아름다운 사람,
우주선이 결합하다, 격납고, 짧게 훌륭한 사람, 꿈인가 싶은 사람,
자르다, 동물 꼬리의 심, 포부, 아름다운 것, 멍하니 세월을
무대장치창고, 피고석 보내다
doe: 암컷, 암사슴 dress: 의복, 정장하다, 예복, 드레스,
doings: 행동, 행실, 행사, 사건, 소행, 정열시키다, 다듬다, 입히다,
몸가짐 정장시키다, 무두질하다, 치료하다,
dolphin: 돌고래, 돌고래무늬, 계선 치장하다
말뚝, 돌고래자리 dressed: 요리 준비가 된, 옷을 입은,
don: 입다, 명사, 걸치다, 능수꾼, 과거분사, 손질을 한
스페인 신사, 돈 강, 대학교의 학장, dried: 건조한
님, 남자 이름, 남자이름 drinking: 음주의, 마시기의, 음용의
doom: 운명짓다, 운명, 선고하다, driver: 마부, 운전수, 조종자, 기관사,
죽음, 파멸, 최후의 심판, 재판, 치는띵 사람, 드라이버, 말 몰이꾼,
판정하다, 법령 박는 기계, 소 몰이꾼, 운전사, 감독
doomed: 운이 다한, 불운한 driving: 추진하는, 운전, 정력적인,
doris: 여자 이름 동력전달의, 혹사하는, 추진, 박기,
doting: 맹목적으로 사랑하는, 휘몰아치는, 사람을 혹사하는,
노망한, 사랑에 빠진, 애지중지하는, 운전법, 에서 멀리 치기
망령든, 지나치게 귀여워하는 drooping: 눈을 내리깐, 늘어진, 풀이
double-dyed: 악에 깊이 물든, 두 번 죽은
염색한, 두번 염색한, 철저한 drop: 낙하, 듣게하다, 소량, 드롭스,
double-edged: 두 가지로 이해되는, 물방울, 한방울, 낮아지다, 눈깔사탕,
모호한, 쌍날의, 양날의 그치다, 그만두다, 죽이다
doubt: 의심, 의심하다, 의심스러움, dropping: 낙하, 강하, 낙하물, 촛농,
의문, 의문-의심하다, 의혹을 품다, 듣기, 똑똑 떨어짐, 똥, 방울져
불확실함, 염려하다 떨어지는것, 적하, 탈모, 투하
doubting: 의혹을 품고 있는, 불안한 drops: 점적약
doughty: 용감한, 굳센, 대담한 drove: 몰려가는 가축 때, 떼지어
dove: 비둘기, 온유한사람, 비둘기의 가는 무리, 굵은 정
과거, 순결한 사람, 평화의 사자, drowsy: 졸린, 졸음오게하는, 조는
성령 듯한, 나른한, 졸리는
dower: 과부산, 천부의 재능, 재능을 drunk: 주정뱅이, 술취한, 취한,
부여하다, 지참금, 결혼 지참금, 술주정뱅이, 술좌석, 도취된
부여하다, 과부산을 주다 duck: 오리, 피하다, 수륙양용 트럭,
downward: 아래쪽으로, 내려가는, 오리의 고기, 돈을 물쓰듯하다,
이후, 이래, 쇠잔하여, 쇠미한, 귀여운사람, 귀여운 사람,
내리받이의, 이후의, 아래쪽으로의, 홱머리를숙이다, 물에 쑥
쇠퇴하여, 아래로 향한 잠기게하다, 물에쑥잠기게하다, 홱
385
머리를 숙이다
dudgeon: 분개, 성냄, 나무 자루가
있는 단도, 노여움
due: 할 예정인, 응당치러야할, 세금,
정식으로, 응당, 에 돌여야할,
마땅히, 때가 오면, 당연할, 당연할-
마땅히, 지불 기일이 된
dues: 부과금
dug: 젖꼭지, 젖퉁이
dull: 둔한, 무딘, 둔감한, 흐리게하다,
누그러뜨리다, 지루한, 둔해지다,
또렷하지 않은, 또렷하지않은,
지루한-무디게하다, 무디게하다
duly: 정식으로, 당연히, 제시간에,
바로, 적당히, 둔하게
dumb: 우둔한, 벙어리의, 말이없는,
말못하는, 무언의, 말문이 막힌,
아연케 하다, 말문이막힌, 깜작
놀라게 하다, 바보 같다, 소리없는
dun: 독촉장, 성화같이 독촉하다,
어둠침침한, 암갈색으로하다,
성화같이독촉하다, 암갈색으로 하다,
암갈색의, 암갈색 말, 암갈색,
밤색말, 거무스름한 파리낚시의
털바늘
dung: 똥거름, 똥, 거름을 주다
dupe: 속이다, 속기 쉬운 사람, 잘
속는 사람
dusky: 거무스름한, 어스레한, 음울한
dust: 먼지, 흙, 가루, 티끌, 인체,
유해, 쓰레기, 분말, 무덤, 먼지를
떨다, 굴욕을 받고
dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이
생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히
발음하다, 길게논하다,
곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다,
머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다
dweller: 거주자, 주민, 머뭇거리는 말
dwelling: 주거, 주소, 거처
dye: 물들이다, 물감, 색조, 염색,
물든 색, 염료, 염색되다
dyed: 물들인, 염색된
dying: 죽어가는, 임종, 임종의, 죽음,
꺼져가는, 사망, 죽을
eager: 열심인, 열망하여, 심한, 에
열성적인, 열망하는, 갈망하는
eagerness: 열의, 열망, 열심
eagle: 독수리자리, 수리, 수리표,
독수리, 옛 십달러 금화, 독수리
자리, 독수리 표, 표준보다 두 타수
적은 타수
ear: 귀, 청각, 경청, 보리 따위의
이삭, 귀꼴의 물건, 귓바퀴, 옥수수
열매, 옥수수열매, 귀 모양의 것,
이삭, 이삭이 패다
earn: 벌다, 감사 따위를 받을 만하다,
받다, 손에넣다, 얻다, 차지하다,
일하여 얻다, 일하여얻다, 수입을
낳다, 받을 만하다, 획득하다
 386 The Iliad
earnest: 진지한, 열심인, 진지, 진심, 사절단, 대사관 전원, 사절, 대사의 덮어가리다, 싸다
중대한, 정식, 성실한, 성실, 엄숙한- 사명, 대사관 직원, 사절 일행 ensign: 기수, 국기, 군기, 기장, 기
성실, 엄숙한, 계약금 embrace: 포함하다, 포옹하다, ensnare: 올가미에 걸어 넣다, 덫에
earnestly: 진지하게, 진정으로, 껴안다, 매수하다, 깨닫다, 포옹, 걸리게 하다, 유혹하다
진심으로, 열심히 채용하다, 서로 껴안다, 채용하다- entangled: 뒤얽히게 하는, 분규를
earnings: 소득, 수입, 벌이, 가득액, 서로 껴안다-포옹, 성교, 채택하다 일으키게 하는, 빠뜨리는
번것 embroidery: 윤색, 자수, 수놓기, enter: 참가하다, 시작하다, 들다,
earthquake: 지진, 대변동 자수품 에들어가다, 에들다, 에 들어가다,
ease: 안락, 안심시키다, 늦추다, 덜다, eminent: 현저한, 우수한, 유명한, 신고하다, 박히다, 떠오르다,
편안, 여유, 쉬움, 마음놓고, 뛰어난, 저명한, 돌출한 등장하다, 들어박히다
안심하다, 불안하여, 마음놓이지 empire: 제국, 절대 지배권, 대영제국, entertain: 대접하다, 품다,
않아 왕국, 제 일프랑스 제국 시대풍의, 즐겁게하다, 유쾌한, 재미있는,
eating: 먹기, 식용의, 식품, 식품- 제왕의 주권 즐겁게 하다, 간직하다, 호의로써
좀먹어들어가는, 좀먹어 들어가는, empty: 배고픈, 공허한, 빈, 비우다, 받아들이다, 환대하다
음식, 물 무의미한, 비어있는, 비다, 에 entertaining: 재미있는, 유쾌한
eats: 먹을것, 음식물 흘러들다, 물 등을 내보내다, 옮기다, entertainment: 마음에 품음, 대접,
effrontery: 뻔뻔스러움, 뻔뻔스런 없는 여녜, 연회, 오락, 여응, 환대, 연예,
행위 enamoured: 매혹된 주연
egyptian: 이집트의, 이집트사람, enclosed: 에워싸는, 둘러막는, entrails: 내장, 내부
이집트 말의, 이집트 사람, 이집트 동봉하는, 넣는 entreat: 탄원하다, 간절히부탁하다,
담배, 이집트 궐련, 집시, 이집트 encourage: 조장하다, 간청하다, 취급하다
사람의 기운을북돋아주다, 격려하다, 용기를 entreaty: 간원, 간청
eighth: 여덟 번째, 팔도, 팔 분, 북돋우다, 장려하다, 기운을 envoy: 결구, 사절, 전권공사, 공사,
제8의, 제 팔, 여덟 분의 하나 의, 북돋우다 시의 결구, 외교관, 특히 전권 공사
여덟 번째의, 여덟 분의 하나 encouraging: 유망한, 격려의, 힘을 equitable: 형평법상의, 공평한,
eighty: 여든 북돋아 주는, 격려되는, 장려하는, 공정한
elated: 의기 양양한심명이 난, 의기 장려의 equitably: 공정하게, 정당하게,
양양한 endow: 기금을기부하다, 자질, 형법상으로 유효하게
elbow: 팔꿈치, 기역자 관-팔꿈치로 부여하다, 능력 따위를 부여하다, ere: 하기 전에, 오히려
찌르다, 몰두하여, 분주하여, 의복이 재산을 증여하다 erebus: 에레보스
팔꿈치가 뚫어져, 팔꿈치로 찌르다, endurance: 인내, 내구성, 지구력 erect: 건립하다, 꼿꼿이 세우다,
기역자 관, 가난하여, 밀어 제치고 endure: 지탱하다, 견디다, 참다, 꼿꼿이선, 똑바로 선, 세우다,
나아가다, 엘자 모양의 것, 팔꿈치 겪다, 인내하다, 받다, 받다- 승격시키다, 서다, 조립하다,
모양의 것 인내하다, 허용하다 직립시키다, 창설하다, 곤두서서
elder: 장로, 원로, 손위의, 연장자, enemy: 적, 적군적함, 원수, 악마, erewhile: 조금전에
연장의, 고참, 고참의, 양딱총나무, 적병, 적의, 해를 주는 것, 적국의 errand: 심부름, 볼일, 사명, 심부름의
딱총나무, 이전의, 이전의-연장자 engage: 약속하다, 교전하다, 걸리다, 내용, 내용
elders: 선배 예약하다, 고용하다, 정치에 관계된, escape: 도망, 달아나다, 도피,
eldest: 가장나이많은, 가장 나이 많은 속박하다, 당기다, 종사시키다, 면하다, 탈출하다, 새다, 남지않다,
eleven: 열한사람의, 축구팀, 열하나, 교전시키다, 관계된 탈출, 샘, 야생으로 돌아가다,
열한, 십일 engaged: 바쁜, 약속된, 교전중인, 흐려지다
eleventh: 제11의, 열한 명 한조의 것, 고용된, 약혼중인, 용무중인, escaped: 도망한, 탈주한
제 십일, 제 11, 오전 열한 시 경에 통화중인, 약혼인, 연동의, 종사하는, eschew: 피하다
먹는 가벼운 식사, 오전 열한 시 벽에 반쯤 묻힌 escort: 호위자, 호위하다, 호위, 호송,
경에 먹는 가벼운 다과, 열한 시, engagement: 약혼, 고용, 약속, 초빙, 호송하다, 남성 동반자, 호위대,
열한 개 한벌의 것, 열한, 십일, 용무, 교전, 맞물림, 연대성, 일, 계약 경호하다, 동행하다
십일의 engulf: 삼키다, 빨아들이다, 던져 especial: 특별한, 각별한
elsewhere: 어딘가딴곳에, 어떤 넣다, 들이키다, 휘말아들이다, esquire: 귀하, 님, 향사, 치안 판사,
딴곳으로, 어떤 딴곳에, 어떤 심연에 던지다 씨님, 시골의 대지주에 대한 칭호,
딴곳에서 enjoyment: 향락, 기쁨, 보유, 향유 숙녀를 에스코트하는 사람, 시골의
elsewhither: 다른 곳에, 다른 경우에 enmity: 적의, 증오 대지주, 기사의 종자
elude: 벗어나다, 피하다, 몸을 돌려 enrage: 격노하게하다, 성나게 하다, essay: 수필, 소론, 시도하다, 시도,
피하다, 빠져나가다 화나게 하다 시험하다, 시론, 평론, 하려고 하다,
embank: 둑으로 두르다, 둑을 쌓다, enraged: 성나게 하는, 화나게 하는 기도
제방을 쌓다 enrich: 농축하다, 영양가를 높이다, estate: 재산, 소유지, 사회적 지위,
embark: 투자하다, 배를타다, 짙게하다, 풍부하게하다, 부자가 유산, 재산권, 소유권, 사회적 신분,
출범하다, 배에 태우다, 착수하다, 되게 하다, 장식하다, 풍부하게 하다, 토지, 처지, 계급, 살림살이
태우다, 배에 타다, 비행기에 타다 풍성하게 하다, 높이다 eve: 전야, 저녁, 이브, 직전, 밤,
embassy: 대사관, 대사의 임무, enshroud: 수의를 입히다, 명절의 전날 밤, 하와, 전날 밤, 전날,
 Homer 387
여자 이름 뽐내는, 환희의, 승리를 뽐내는 famed: 유명한, 유명하게 하는
evenly: 평등하게, 공평하게, 고르게, exulting: 미칠듯이 기뻐하는 familiar: 친한, 흔한, 길들여진,
평평하게, 평탄하게, 균일하게 eyed: 눈구멍이 달린, 눈 모양의 부담없는, 뻔뻔스러운, 스스럼없는,
everlasting: 영구한, 영원한, 끝없는, 얼룩이 있는, 눈을 한 탁터놓은, 잘 알고있는, 잘
변함없는, 영원, 영겁, 지루한, 떡쑥, eyesight: 시력, 시각, 시야 알려져있는, 잘알고있는,
영구, 영원히 계속되는, 튼튼한 나사 faced: 한 얼굴을 한, 둥근 얼굴의, 잘알려져있는
evermore: 항상, 언제나, 영구히, 정변을 향한, 활자가 굵은, 표면이 famine: 기근, 대부족, 식량 부족,
영원히 ..한 고갈, 굶주림
everywhere: 어디에나, 도처에, 모든 facile: 고분고분한, 손쉬운, 경솔한, famished: 굶주림
곳 용이한, 잘 돌아가는, 힘들지 않는, fancy: 변덕, 공상하다, 취미, 공상,
evil: 해악, 불길한, 나쁜, 악, 악행, 잘 지껄이는, 유창한, 양순한, 쉽사리 애호가들, 좋아하다, 도락, 터무니
해로운, 해롭게, 사악하게, 불운한, 얻을 수 있는, 쉬운 없는, 공상력, 공상의, 애호물로
불행하게, 사악한 facing: 겉단장, 면함, 외장, 마무리, 색다른 동물 등을 기르다
evildoer: 악인 깃달기, 향, 치장된 면, 마무리 치장, fare: 음식물, 가다, 먹다, 지내다,
ewe: 암양 외장재, 방향전환, 가선두르기 승객, 일어나다, 요금, 여행하다,
examine: 심문하다, 심사하다, faded: 시든, 빛깔이 바랜, 색이 바랜 대접받다, 운임, 되다
시험하다, 검사하다, 진찰하다, fail: 실패하다, 부족하다, 낙제하다, farewell: 안녕, 고별, 작별의 인사,
조사하다, 검정하다, 검토하다, 게을리하다, 파산하다, 모자라다, 작별의인사, 작별 인사를 하다, 작별
심리하다 약해지다, 파산하다-실망시키다, far-famed: 널리 알려진
exceeding: 대단한, 굉장한, 엄청난, 없다, 흉작이 되다, 약속 따위를 farther: 더먼, 좀더, 그위에, 더욱더,
과도한 태만히 하다 더멀리, 더욱이, 더 앞선, 더 멀리, 더
exceedingly: 대단히, 엄청나게, 매우, failed: 실패한 먼, 더 뒤의, 더 나중의
굉장히 failing: 실패, 이 없어서, 결점, 부족, farthest: 가장먼, 가장멀리, 가장 먼,
excel: 능가하다, 뛰어나다, 빼어나다 이 없을 경우에는, 약점, 애 없는 가장 멀리
excellence: 장점, 우수, 미점, 탁월 경우에는, 쇠약, 낙제, 파산, 실패의 fascinating: 매혹적인
except: 제외하다, 반대하다, fain: 기꺼이, 하고 싶어하는, 쾌히, fashion: 유행, 형, 방법, 종류,
기피하다, 을 제하고는, 외에는, 하기를 바라는, 하고싶은, 이고싶은, 형성하다, 유행아-형성하다, 처럼,
빼다, 이의를 내세우다 부득이, 기꺼이 하는, 기꺼이..하는 맞추다, 인기있는 사람, 인기있는
excepting: 말고는, 을 제외하면, 을 faint: 어질어질한, 희미한, 연약한, 물건, 상류 사회의 사람들
빼고, -을 빼고, 을 제외하고 기절하다, 쇠약해진, 약해지다, fashioned: 식의
exert: 미치다, 활동시키다, 내다, 활기없는, 졸도하다, 엷은, 가냘픈, fast: 빠른, 빨리, 단단한, 저항력이
끼치다, 발휘하다, 쓰다 힘없는 있는, 굳게, 방탕하여, 착착,
exhaustion: 피로, 고갈, 소모, 배출, fainthearted: 소한, 마음이약한, 단식하다, 푹, 재빠른, 고감도의
철저한 연구, 철저한 검토, 다 겁많은, 뱃심 없는, 소심한 fasten: 잠기다, 멈추다, 잠그다,
써버림, 배기 fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, 고착하다, 꽉달라붙다, 꽉 달라붙다,
exhort: 훈계하다, 권고하다, 기철의, 의기소침 단단히 고정시키다,
열심히권하다, 간곡히 타이르다 fair-haired: 금발의, 마음에 드는 단단히고정시키다, 붙들어 매다,
expert: 전문가, 숙련자, 숙달된, faithful: 성실한, 신뢰할 수 있는, 붙들어매다, 고정하다
노련한, 노련가, 기사, 감정인, 신자들, 정확한, 충실한, 충실한 fastening: 죔, 잠그기, 닫음, 붙임,
교묘한, 숙련가, 숙련된 신도들, 정확 잠그는 도구, 잠금, 채우는기구,
exploit: 착취하다, 개척하다, falcon: 송골매, 매, 새매 고정시키기
개발하다, 미끼삼다, 이용하다, fallen: 타락한, 쓰러진, 파멸한, 죽은, fasting: 단식의, 금식의, 단식, 절식,
채굴하다, 부당하게 이용하다, 공훈, 떨어진, 전복된 금식, 단식으로
공적 falling: 낙하, 타락, 함락, 떨어지는, fastness: 요새, 신속, 고착, 난봉,
exposed: 드러난, 노출된, 비바람을 전도, 내리는, 추락, 하락하는, 방탕, 빠름, 정착, 견고, 방종, 성채
맞는, 노출한 타락하는, 강하, 붕괴 fat: 지방, 살찐, 기름기, 살찌다,
expound: 설명하다, 상술하다, fallow: 유휴하다, 담황색의, 묵히고 지방이 많은, 풍부한, 유복한,
상세히 설명하다 있는, 유휴, 연한 황갈색의, 놀리다, 둔감한, 비옥한, 윤택, 비만
expressly: 특별히, 명백히, 일부러, 경작하지 않은, 연한 회갈색의, fate: 운명, 운, 죽음, 숙명, 파멸,
분명히, 표정이 풍부하게 갈아만 놓고 놀리다, 휴경지, 수양을 운명의 삼여신
extreme: 극도의, 과격한, 극도, 극단, 쌓지 않은 fated: 숙명적인, 저주받은, 운명
맨끝의, 양극단, 극단적인 수단, false: 가짜의, 가락이 맞지 않는, 지워진, 운명이 정해진
극단의, 맨 끝에 있는 것, 최후의, 거짓의, 틀린, 부정의, 가의, 임시의, father-in-law: 시아버지, 장인
최후의.극단 불성실한, 꾸민, 그릇된, 의사의 fatherless: 아버지가 없는, 작자
extremity: 말단, 수족, 선단, 곤경, falsely: 거짓으로, 속여서, 미상의, 아버지를 알 수 없는
비상수단, 끝, 극한, 극단, 극도, 불성실하게, 부실하게, 부정하게, fatted: 살찌운
극단책, 앞끝 잘못하여 fattened: 살찌우는, 살찌는
exultant: 의기 양양한, 크게 fame: 명성, 유명하게 만들다, 평판, fault: 과실, 결점, 책임, 단층, 테니스
기뻐하는, 몹시 기뻐하는, 이겨 인기 폴트, 단점, 실수, 흠, 냄새 자취를
 388 The Iliad
잃음, 잘못 우정, 교우, 대학의 특별 연구원의 조제하다, 충족시키다
favour: 호의, 정실, 이익, 친절, 은혜, 지위, 대학의 특별 연구원의 연구비, filled: 차는, 충족시키는, 흡족하게
은고, 부탁, 호의를 보이다, 친구간임, 같이하기 하는, 흙으로 돋우는, 팽팽하게 하는,
편애하다, 편애, 즐겨 착용하다 fen: 소택지, 늪지대, 지대, 펜, 소택 차지하는, 채우는, 가득 따르는,
favourable: 유리한, 승낙의, 알맞은, 지대, 극동 방송망, 늪, 싫음 조제하는, 섞어 넣는, 바람을 가득
찬성의, 호희를 보이는, 유망한, fence: 검술, 변론의 교묘함, 받는
호의를 보이는 방어하다, 울타리, 담을 뛰어넘다, filling: 충전, 충전재, 속에 넣는 것,
favourably: 순조롭게, 유리하게, 담, 검술을 하다, 장물 취득인, 펜싱, 쌓아 올린 흙
호의적으로, 호의를 가지고 울타리를하다, 울타리를 하다 filly: 암망아지, 말괄량이
favoured: 혜택을 받고 있는, 호감을 fenced: 매매하는, 펜싱하는, filth: 오물, 외설, 추잡, 음담패설
사고 있는, 호의를 사고 있는 뛰어넘는, 잘얼버무리는, 에 finding: 발견, 사실 인정, 조사결과,
favourite: 마음에 드는 것, 인기 있는 울타리를 치는, 에 담을 치는, 평결, 여러 도구 및 재료, 발견물,
사람 마음에 드는, 마음에 드는, 인기 얼버무리는, 고매하는 인정, 조사 결과, 여러 가지 도구 및
있는 말, 좋아하는 사람, 특히 ferret: 흰족제비, 흰족제비로 사냥을 재료
잘하는, 특히 좋아하는 물건 하다, 찾아내다, 흰족제비를 써서 finger: 손가락, 손가락을 대다,
fawn: 엷은 황갈색의, 새끼사슴, 사냥하다, 몰아내다, 사냥하다, 가는 탄주하다, 켜다, 손가락 모양의 물건,
아첨하다, 재롱떨다, 해롱거리다, 테이프, 가는 리본 만지다, 을 손가락으로 젖히다, 을
엷은 황갈색, 새끼를 낳다, 아양떨다 fertile: 번식력이 있는, 비옥한, 손가락으로 넘기다, 악기가
fearful: 무서운, 지독한, 걱정하여, 다산하는, 풍부한, 다산인, 창조력이 손가락으로 연주되다, 손가락으로
두려워하여, 신을 두려워하는, 풍부한, 핵분열 물질의 원료가 될 수 만지다, 손가락 폭
두려워, 심한 있는 firebrand: 횃불, 선동자, 열렬한
fearfully: 몹시, 무서워하며, 무섭게, fervently: 뜨겁게, 열렬하게, 열심히 정력가, 불붙은 관솔, 불타는 나뭇
굉장히, 지독히, 벌벌 떨며, festival: 축제의, 축제, 축제소동, 조각
거정스럽게, 지독하게 행사, 축제 행사, 축일, 축일의, firewood: 장작
fearless: 무서워하지 않는, 겁 없는, 축하의, 잔치, 제전 firing: 발포, 점화, 발사, 불에 쬠,
무서워하지 않은, 두려움을 모르는, fetch: 가져오다, 도달하다, 내다, 불을 땜, 해고, 연료, 석탄, 발화,
대담무쌍한, 대담 무쌍한 오게하다, 불러오다, 팔리다, 가하다, 땔감, 구워내기
feast: 축연, 잔치를 베풀다, 대접, 가하다-물건을가져오다, 갖다 주다, firmament: 창공, 하늘
대접을 받다, 즐거움, 즐기다, 경연, 물건을가져오다, 의 마음을 firmly: 굳게, 견고하게, 단단하게,
기쁘게 하다, 마음껏 즐기다, 잔치에 사로잡다 확고하게, 단단히, 단호하게
참석하다, 즐겁게 하는 것 fetching: 사람의 눈을 끄는, 매혹하는 firstling: 첫수확, 맏배, 맏물, 최초의
feature: 특징, 인기 거리로 내세우다, fever: 열병, 열, 발열시키다, 열광, 결과, 최초의 산물, 햇것
특징을 이루다, 특집기사, 용모, 열광적인, 열병의, 열이 있는, 흥분 fitted: 장비하여, 을 갖추어, 꼭 맞게
특종, 얼굴의일부, 얼굴의 일부, 주요 상태, 흥분, 열병에 걸리게 걸리다, 만들어진
프로, 특별 기사, 지세 열병에 걸리게 하다 fitting: 입혀보기, 비품, 부속품, 가구,
fed: 연방 정부, 연방 수사관, 연방 fewer: 보다 소수의 설치, 적합, 적당한, 어울리는, 건구,
준비 은행 fickle: 변덕스러운, 변하기 쉬운 형, 입어보기
fee: 요금을 치르다, 보수, 행하, fierce: 지독한, 흉포한, 맹렬한, fixed: 부정하게 결정된, 응고된,
상속재산, 영지, 요금, 세습지, 팁, 사나운, 싫은, 열렬한 짬짜미의, 고정된, 내밀히 결정된,
봉토 fiercely: 맹렬하게, 지독하게, 사납게 결정된, 충분히 마련되어, 충분히
feeble: 약한, 연약한, 희미한, 의지가 fierceness: 사나움, 맹렬, 흉포 지급되어, 응고한
박약한 fiery: 불의, 염증을 일으킨, 불빛의, fixing: 고정, 설비, 정착, 비품, 설치,
feed: 공급하다, 먹이를 먹다, 불같은, 불타고있는, 격하기 쉬운, 조정
만족시키다, 기르다, 공급재료, 먹을 작열하는, 열렬한, 얼얼한, 인화하기 fixity: 고정물, 불변성, 영구성, 정착,
것을 줌, 사료, 식사공급, 쉬운, 폭발하기 쉬운 부동, 정착물
음식물을주다, 식사, 음식물을 주다 fifth: 다섯분의 1, 제5, 제 오의, 제 flame: 정열, 애인, 발끈하다, 광휘,
feeding: 급송, 급수, 송전, 목초지, 오번째의, 다섯번째의 사람, 정열을 드러내다, 빛나다, 불길,
먹음, 사양, 거세지는, 급송하는, 다섯분의 한갤런, 다섯분의 하나 의, 훨훨타다, 화염, 불꽃, 태우다
음식물을 섭취하는, 섭식 오 등품, 오도 음정, 다섯번째의 것, flaming: 과장된, 열렬한, 타는 듯한,
felled: 경사지는, 함락되는, 제오 열정에 불타는, 불타는, 현란한,
공그르는, 구르는, 나빠지는, fighting: 싸움, 전투의, 전투, 논쟁, 타오르는, 눈이 이글이글 빛난는,
내려가는, 내리는, 넘어가는, 다툼, 투쟁 싸우는, 회전, 전투용의, 불을 뿜는, 색채가 타는듯이 빨간,
분류되는, 쓰러지는, 아래를 향하는 화이팅 타는 듯이 붉은
felloe: 테, 모피점 file: 파일, 서류철, 명부, 철하다, flank: 측면, 측면을지키다, 옆구리,
fellow: 한 쪽, 평의원, 자식, 일원, 퇴고하다, 목록, 정리카드, 철하기, 구리, 부대의측면, 부대의 측면,
애인, 놈, 동지, 동료, 동무, 한패, 세로줄, 줄, 파일북 측면의, 의 측면에 서다, 측면에
녀석 fill: 채우다, 차지하다, 가득참, 위치하다, 측면을 공격하다
fellowship: 단체, 친교, 보충하다, 가득차다, 충분, 차다, flapping: 상하 방향의 회전 운동
특별연구원의 지위, 친구, 조합, 흡족하게 하다, 흙으로 돋우다, flare: 너울너울타오르다, 발끈하다,
 Homer 389
플레어가 되다, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다, 확 흐르게하다, 흐르다, 머리칼이 기초, 좋아하는
타오름, 플레어, 폭발의, 폭발, 늘어지다, 냇물 fondly: 어리석게도, 무르게,
섬광으로 신호하다, 돌발하다, flower: 꽃, 개화, 꽃이 피다, 화초, 다정하게, 상냥하게, 맹신적으로,
너울거리다 번영하다, 만개, 꽃으로 꾸미다, 에 귀여워하여, 귀여워해서
flaring: 나팔꽃 모양의, 현란한, 꽃을 피우다, 월경, 사화, 꽃을 fool: 바보, 속이다, 농담하다,
벌어진, 타오르는, 저속하고 피우다 어리석은 짓을 하다, 어릿광대,
번지르르한, 너울너울 타는, 활활 flowery: 화려한, 꽃 같은, 꽃이 많은, 우롱하다, 희롱하다, 풀, 놀리다,
타는 꽃같은, 꽃이많은 낭비하다, 바보 취급을 받는 사람
flash: 플래시, 섬광, 허식, 번득임, flowing: 흐르는, 유창한, 늘어진, foolhardiness: 무작정성
번득이다, 방류수, 빛나다, 획 미끈하게 머리, 물 흐르는 듯한, foolish: 하찮은, 바보같은, 미련한,
지나가다, 홱 나오다, 순가, 가짜의 미끈하게 처진, 조수가 밀려 어리석은
flashing: 섬광, 막아둔 물, 막아놓은 들어오는, 넘치도록 많은 foolishness: 어리석음
물 번쩍이는, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, fluent: 유창한, 능변의, 완만한, 변량, footstool: 발받침, 발판, 발 올려 놓는
번쩍이는, 섬발, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다, 부드러운, 변수, 흐르는 듯 한, 대
번쩍이다 흐르는듯한 forage: 마초, 꼴, 징발, 에게서 마초를
flat: 노골적인, 맛없는, 김빠진, flute: 플루트, 피리, 세로골, 피리같은 징발하다, 마초를 주다, 약탈하다,
광택없는, 단조로운, 편평한, 음을 내다, 플루트를 불다, 피리 같은 마초를 찾아 다니다, 식량을주다,
불경기의, 납작한, 납죽엎드린, 소리로 노래하다, 세로 홈, 피리 식량을 주다, 식량을 찾아헤맴,
공기가빠진, 평평하게 모양의 것, 가늘고 긴 프랑스 빵, 식량을찾아헤맴
flattering: 아첨하는, 유망한, 피리 음전, 홈 같은 주름 foray: 침략하다, 침략, 약탈하다,
실물보다 좋게 보이는, 알랑거리는, fly: 날다, 파리, 날리다, 조종하다, 약탈
빌붙는, 비위 맞추는, 기쁘게 하는, 달아나다, 순식간에없어지다, forbearance: 인내, 관용, 자제, 참음,
발림말하는 비행하다, 비행, 도망하다, 달리다, 보류, 용서
flattery: 아첨, 감언, 치렛말, 빌붙음 펄럭이다 forbidden: 금지된, 금단의
flecked: 얼룩이 있는, 반점, 주근깨가 flying: 나는 듯이 빠른, 나는, 질주, forcing: 발육 촉진, 강제, 폭행, 탈취,
잇는 비행, 공중에 뜨는, 급히 서두르는, 촉성, 발육 촉진법
fleece: 털을 깎다, 양털 모양의 것, 솜나부랑이, 공중에 떠도는, ford: 여울, 걸어서 건너다, 여울을
양털, 한 마리에서 한번 깎는 양털, 흩날리는 것, 펄럭이는, 뛰어 건너다, 포드, 포드형 자동차, 시내
보풀이 보드라운 피륙, 양털 모양의 달아나는 fore: 전면, 전방에-전방, 전방에,
것으로 덮다, 빼앗다 foal: 망아지를 낳다, 망아지, 기수에, 이 위험하다, 의 에, 앞쪽,
fleet: 빠른, 함대, 선대, 기단, 후미, 당나귀의 새끼, 낳다, 노새의 새끼 전방, 이물에, 앞 전방의, 앞 앞면의
빨리, 차량, 지나가 버리다, 강어귀, foam: 거품, 바다, 거품을 일게 하다, forecast: 예상하다, 예상, 예보, 예정,
비행대, 선단 거품을 내뿜다, 거품이 일다, 거품을 예측하다, 의 전조가 되다, 예보하다,
flesh: 고기, 육체, 살, 인류, 육욕, 내뿜으며 화내다, 거품을 일으키며 미리 계획하다
식육, 생물, 살집, 살색, 과육, 친척 흘러가다, 거품을 일으키며 forecourt: 앞마당, 포어 코트, 마당,
fleshy: 살의, 다육질의, 육질의, 살찐, 흘러들다, 거품이 인 땀, 거품 이는 급유장, 포코트
육욕의, 살집이 좋은, 뚱뚱한, 육체의 바다, 구슬땀을 흘리다 forefront: 최전부, 맨앞, 최전방,
flight: 날기, 도주, 비행, 패주, 고양, foe: 적, 적군, 원수, 상대 중심, 맨 앞
경과, 우주여행, 항공여행, 비행술, foiled: 박으로 뒤를 붙이는, 뒤엎는 forehead: 이마, 전부, 앞부분, 부분,
떼, 떼지어 날다 foiling: 꽃잎 장식, 냄새 자국, 취적 앞 부분
fling: 시도, 내던지다, 돌진하다, fold: 주름, 접다, 싸다, 접음, 끼다, foremost: 일류의, 맨앞의, 맨 먼저,
뿌리다, 메어치다, 방종, 갑자기 안다, 접히다, 습곡, 주름살, 켜, 접은 맨 처음의, 으뜸가는, 일류가는
내뻗다, 태질치다, 욕, 발질, 시험 금 foresee: 예견하다, 미리알다
flit: 훌쩍날다, 훌쩍 날기, 지나가다, foliage: 잎, 잎장식, 잎 무늬 장식, foretell: 예고하다, 예언하다, 예고
이리저리 날아다니다, 야반 도주, 잎전부 하다, 예시 하다, 예언 하다
날아지나감, 사뿐히 지나가다, folk: 가족, 사람들, 민족, 국민, forever: 영원히, 언제나, 끊임없이,
급속히 지나다, 훨훨날다, 휙휙날다, 민속풍의 영구히, 영원, 항상, 장황히
이사하다 follower: 종자, 추적자, 애인, 수행자, forfeit: 상실하다, 벌금, 몰수되다,
flock: 신도, 모이다, 무리짓다, 무리, 선봉자, 부하, 수행원, 여자 뒤를 몰수물, 상실, 박탈, 몰수된, 상실한,
군중, 떼지어 오다, 떼, 털 따라다니는 사람, 의 신봉자, 종동부, 벌금 놀이
부스러기를 채우다, 털솜부스러기, 뒤쫓는 사람 forgive: 용서하다, 삭치다,
한뭉치의 양털, 털뭉치 folly: 어리석음, 어리석은 짓, 빚을탕감하다, 빚을 탕감하다,
flocking: 무뉘에 플록가공을 함, 어리석게 돈만 많이 들인 물건, 우론, 면제하다, 삭히다, 관대히 봐주다
융모화 막대한 돈을 들인 어처구니없는 큰 forgo: 없이때우다, 절제하다, 삼가다,
flood: 홍수, 범람, 범람하다, 건축, 글래머 걸 출연자, 어리석은 끊다, 없이 지내다
관개하다, 만조, 밀어닥치다, 넘쳐 행동 forgotten: 망각된
흐르다, 쇄도, 호수, 대해, 강 fond: 어리석은, 다정한, 정에 무른, fork: 포크, 갈래, 쇠스랑, 아귀,
flow: 흐름, 유출량, 범람시키다, 사랑에 빠진, 실없는, 애정있는, 가랑이꼴이 되다, 포크 모양으로
밀물, 밀다, 많이있다, 쓸리다, 좋아서, 토대, 레이스의 바닥 천, 하다, 포크로 찌르다, 포크를 쓰다,
 390 The Iliad
쇠스랑으로 던지다, 벗으로서 사귐, 벗으로서의 사귐 gain: 획득하다, 이득, 더 가다, 늘다,
쇠스랑으로던지다, 서서 먹는 fright: 돌연한 공포, 우스운 사람, 증가, 이익, 잘되다, 진보, 벌이,
formed: 생물적 특징을 갖춘, 형성된 추악한사람, 추악한 사람, 끌어들이다, 나아가다
forsooth: 정말, 참말이지 우스운사람, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 보기 gainsay: 반박하다, 부정, 반론,
forth: 앞으로, 밖으로, 보이는곳에, 흉한 물건, 도깨비 같은 사람, 도깨비 부정하다
에서 바깥에, 보이는 곳에, 이후 같은 물건, 공포, 보기 흉한 사람 gait: 보조, 걸음걸이, 걷는 모양,
forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 frightened: 깜짝 놀란, 겁먹은 걸음걸이를 조련하다, 심사원 에
실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로 frightening: 놀라운, 무서운 걷게하다, 심사원 앞에 걷게 하다,
fortress: 요새, 안전지대, 요새로 fringe: 가두리, 가장자리, 술장식, 말의 보조
방어하다, 요새지, 요새 도시 술을달다, 술, 가를 두르다, galatea: 갈라테아
fortune: 행운, 부, 운, 재산, 운명, 가를두르다, 에 술을 붙이다, 주변, gale: 강풍, 큰바람, 흥분 상태, 환희,
운수, 재산을 주다, 우연히 일어나다, 술 장식, 드리운 앞머리 폭소, 실바람, 버드소귀나무의 일종,
운명의 여신 fro: 이리저리, 저쪽에, 앞뒤로, 폭풍, 정기 지불금, 미풍, 광희
foul: 반칙, 엉클어진, 더럽히다, 저쪽으로 gall: 뻔뻔스러움, 담즙, 찰과상, 쓴것,
더러운, 더러워지다, 반칙하다, frontlet: 이마, 이마장식, 제단 정면 증오, 담낭, 애태우다, 진절머리,
꽉막힌, 악취있는, 충돌하다, 반칙의, 휘장 위쪽에 드리우는 길다란 천, 쓸개, 스쳐서 벗겨진 상처, 걱정거리
엉클어지다 이마 부분을 장식하는 띠, 정면 장식 galley: 게라, 군함, 대형보트, 갤리배,
foundation: 기초, 창설, 근거, 토대, frowning: 언짢은, 찌푸린 얼굴의, 취사실, 남포의 등피받치개
설립, 보강 재료, 뜨개바탕, 기본금, 찌푸린얼굴의, 험한 gallop: 급속도, 갤럽, 갤럽으로
파운데이션 fruit: 과일, 자손, 결과, 생산물, 소산, 달리다, 급속도로 나아가다,
foundations: 토대 과실, 에 열매를 맺게하다, 열매를 전속력으로 달리다, 갤럽으로 물다,
founded: 기초가 ...한 맺다, 과일이 생기다, 수확물, 수확 갤럽으로 말을 몰기, 갤럽으로 달리,
fountain: 분수, 샘, 기름통, 원천, fruitful: 비옥한, 다산인, 열매가잘 갤럽으로, 빨리 지나가다, 서두르다
잉크 통, 분출하다, 쏘다 분수, 액체 열리는, 열매가잘열리는, 이익이 ganymede: 가니메데이성, 술시중꾼,
저장 용기 많은, 수확이 많은, 열매를 많이 신들의 술시중을 드는 미소년
fountainhead: 수원, 근원 맺는, 풍작을 가져오는 garment: 의복, 옷, 외피, 의복 한 점
fourfold: 사중의, 사중의로 fulfil: 이행하다, 적합하다, 힘을 garnish: 문식, 고명, 장식, 장식하다,
foursquare: 견고한, 솔직한, 완전히 발휘하다, 완수하다, 자신의 고명을 곁들이다, 통고, 채권 차압
정사각형, 정사각형으로, 견고히, 소질을 충분히 발휘하다, 종료하다, 통고를 하다, 장식물
정사각형의, 정방형 달성하다, 다하다 gasping: 숨결이 가쁜, 경련하는,
fourth: 제 사, 네번째, 네번째의, fulfilment: 달성, 이행, 수행, 완료, 헐떡거리는
네분의, 네분의 하나의, 네째, 성취, 실행 gate: 수문, 문, 입장자수, 입장권
네째의, 독립 기념일, 사 등품, 제 fulness: 비만, 충만, 참, 풍부, 만족, 매상총액, 문짝, 금족을 명하다,
4의 차 있음, 풍부함 출입구, 차단기, 시가, 법정, 방법
fowl: 가금, 새, 닭, 들새를 잡다, funeral: 장례식의, 장례행렬, 장례식, gatehouse: 수위실, 누대, 문지기 집
새고기, 엽조를 사냥하다 장례의, 싫은 일 gateway: 길, 출입구, 수단, 대문, 에
fragrant: 상쾌한, 냄새가좋은, 냄새가 furious: 맹렬한, 격노한, 사납게 이르는 길
좋은, 향기로운 날뛰는, 노하여 펄펄 뛰는, gather: 채집하다, 모으다, 개더,
frankincense: 유향 미쳐날뛰는, 미쳐 날뛰는, 거두어들이기, 긴장시키다,
fraught: 충분한, 고민하는, 충만한 소란스러운 증가하다, 내다, 찌푸리다, 짜내다,
fray: 풀다, 해지다, 다툼, 닳아 빠지게 furiously: 미친듯이 노하여, 맹렬히 수금, 추측하다
하다, 문지르다, 떠들 썩 한 싸움, furnace: 용광로, 시련, 화덕, 몹시 gatherer: 주름잡는 장치, 모으는
마모되다, 해어지다, 싸움, 풀리다, 더운 곳, 작열하는곳, 작열하는 곳, 사람, 채집하는 사람
소모시키다 어려운 시련의 장소, 난방로, 노, gathering: 모임, 채집, 종기, 수확,
freedom: 자유, 특권, 면제, 자유독립, 아궁이 주름, 곪음, 접지 맞추기, 집회, 개더,
해면, 자유사용권, 자유 자재, furrow: 주물살이 생기게 하다, 농양, 부어 오름
솔직함, 뛰어난 승차감, 제멋대로 함, 두둑을 짓다, 보습자리, 항적, geese: 재봉사의 대형 다리미, 야유,
해방되어 있음 밭고랑, 이랑을 짓다, 주름살이 지다, 구즈, 거위, 바보
freely: 아낌없이, 마음대로, 인심 주름살, 쟁기로 갈다, 고랑, 주름살- generation: 세대, 자손, 산출, 발생,
후하게, 자유로이, 자유롭게, 쟁기로 갈다 동시대의 사람들, 생식, 시대, 일대,
허물없이 furrowed: 헤치고 나아가는, 에 출생, 일족, 젊은이들
frenzied: 열광한, 격앙한, 격노한, 주름살지게 하는, 이랑을 짓는, gentleness: 친절, 온순, 과격하지
열광적인 주름살이 지는 않음, 온화함, 상냥함, 부드러움,
freshly: 새로이, 신선하게 furtherance: 조장, 촉진 안은, 정다움
friendly: 친한, 친절한, furthermore: 그 위에 더, 더욱 더, gently: 점잖게, 부드럽게, 서서히,
호의를보이는, 형편좋은, 붙임성 더욱이, 게다가 양반답게, 조용히, 완만하게,
있는, 우정이있는, 친구의, 친절, fury: 격노, 격렬, 표독한 여자, 온화하게, 예의범절이 바르게,
친구처럼, 우호적인, 친선경기 표독한여자, 복수의 여신의 하나, 우아하게, 천천히, 친절히
friendship: 우정, 친목, 친선, 교우, 표독스러운 계집 ghastly: 무시무시한, 지독한,
 Homer 391
송장같은, 핼쑥한, 파랗게 질린, glittering: 빛나는, 반짝이는 막는 집적물
무섭게, 무서운, 할쑥한, 심한, gloat: 황홀한 듯이 바라보다, 흡족한 gorgeous: 호화스러운, 화려한,
무시무시하게 듯이 바라보다 훌륭한
gibe: 조롱, 비웃음 glorify: 칭찬하다, 영광을 더하다, gorgon: 지독한 추녀, 무서운 여자,
gift: 선물, 재능, 천분, 부여하다, 찬미하다, 장식하다, 꾸미다, 고곤, 두려운 사람, 고르곤
선사하다, 선사하다부여하다, 증여, 미화하다, 영광을 찬송하다, grace: 우미, 은혜, 유예, 은총, 미덕,
천부의 재능, 천부 칭송하다 장식음, 장점, 애교, 우아, 매력, 천혜
gild: 금을 입히다, 장식하다, glorious: 영광스러운, 유쾌한, graceful: 우미한, 우아한
금도금을 하다, 을 실물보다 빛나는, 장려한, 현란한, 기분좋은, graces: 애고
아름답게 꾸미다, 금빛으로 영예스러운, 거룩한 gracious: 상냥한, 친절한, 정중한,
물들이다, 싫은 것을 보기좋게 gloriously: 멋지게, 빛나게, 훌륭히, 우아한, 기품 있는, 자비로운,
만들다, 금박을 도금하다, 에 금을 기분이 썩 좋게, 근사하게 관대한, 존귀한, 품위있는, 우미한,
입히다 glory: 장관, 기뻐하다, 영광, 후광, 유익한
gird: 조롱, 허리에 차다, 허리띠로 명예, 번영, 죽다, 송영, 자랑하다, grain: 곡물, 낟알, 그레인, 미량,
졸라매다, 주다, 을 허리에 두르다, 찬미, 성조기 성질, 나뭇결, 돌결, 알로 만들다,
몸에 붙이다, 둘러싸다, 조롱하다, glow: 백열, 열정, 선명함, 열중하다, 특성, 성미, 껄걸한 면
차다, 허리띠로 졸라 매다, 둘러 싸다 기쁨, 달다, 만족감, 백열빛을 내다, grandson: 손자
girded: 대비하는, 둘러 싸는, 불붙다, 작열, 빛을 발하다 grant: 허가, 인가, 하사, 승낙하다,
조롱하는, 차는, 허리띠로 졸라 매는 glut: 포식, 식상, 공급 과잉, 과다, 인정하다, 수여하다, 교부, 양도,
girdle: 거들, 두르는것, 둘러싸다, 의 물리게 하다, 배불리 먹이다, 상품을 양도하다, 교부금, 내리다
나무껍질을 고리모양으로 벗기다, 과도하게 공급하다 grapes: 포도
띠, 띠로 조르다, 일주하다, 황도대 gnawing: 쏠기, 갉기, 쏘는, grasp: 잡다, 지배, 쥐다, 쥠, 잡으려
girlhood: 소녀임, 소녀들, 소녀 시절, 괴롭히는, 부단한 고통, 근임없는 하다, 자루, 이해하다, 이해,
소녀 시대 고통, 갉는, 가책 갉아먹는, 에일 달려들다, 손잡이, 이해력
give-and-take: 주고받기, 주고받음 듯한, 에는 듯한 grasping: 붙잡는, 쥐는, 잡는,
giver: 주는 사람 goad: 자극, 막대기, 격려, 격려 탐욕스러운, 구두쇠의, 남욕스러운
glad: 기쁜, 유쾌한, 기쁜 듯한, 자극하다, 뾰족한 막대기, 막대기로 grass: 풀, 잔디, 봄, 목초, 풀 위에
글라디올러스, 기뻐서 몰다, 막대기로 찌르다 펴다, 풀 돋는 계절, 포아풀과의 풀,
gladden: 기쁘게 하다, 기뻐하다, goal: 목적지, 결승점, 골, 결승표, 목초지, 풀로 덫다, 때려 눕히다,
기쁘게 되다 결승점으로 향하다, 결승선, 목표, 목초를 먹이다
glade: 숲 속의 빈 터, 숲속의 빈 터, 목표로 향하다 grassy: 풀 같은, 풀의, 풀이 무성한,
습지, 숲 사이의 빈터 goat: 색골, 악인, 여소, 염소자리, 풀이 많은
gladly: 기꺼이, 즐거이, 쾌히 희생, 호색한, 염소, 속죄의 염소, grated: 일반용의
gladness: 기쁨, 즐거움 염소 별자리 grateful: 감사히 여기는, 고마운,
glance: 빗나가다 흘긋 돌리다, 훑어 goatskin: 염소 가죽 기쁜, 즐거운, 기분 좋은, 고맙게
보다, 잠깐 언급되다, 잠깐 보아서, goblet: 받침 달린 컵, 고블릿 생각하는
흘긋 봄, 일견하다, 흘긋 돌리다, go-by: 못 본체하다, 못 본체함, grater: 강판, 채치는 사람,
스치고 지나가 다, 흘긋, 일견, 번쩍 지나쳐 감 문지르는사람, 가는 사람
빛나다 goddess: 여신 grave: 수수한, 무덤, 명심하다,
glare: 눈에 띄다, 번쩍이는 빛, godlike: 신같은, 신 같은, 위엄있는, 새기다, 중대한, 진지한, 묘혈,
날카로운 눈씨, 노려 흘겨 보다, 존엄한, 신과 같은 심각한, 중요한, 예사롭지 않은,
눈부신 빛, 현란함, 얼어 붙은 얼음의 gold: 금, 금의, 금도금, 부, 황금, 침침한
표면, 야함, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다, 금으로 만든, 금빛, 금화, 금제품, graze: 스치기, 찰과상, 목초, 풀을
현란하다, 눈을 부릅뜨고 나타나다 과녁의 한복판, 금색 먹이다, 스치다, 스쳐 벗기다, 목축,
glaring: 눈부신, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, golden: 금빛의, 금의, 귀중한, 약간 닿다, 생풀을 먹다, 생풀을
눈에 띄는, 명백한, 흘겨보는, 야한, 절호의, 훌륭한, 황금, 금으로 반든, 먹이다, 스쳐 지나가다
빤한, 현란한, 빤짝빤짝 빛나는, 금이 가득찬, 누런빛의, 융성한, grazing: 목초지, 목장, 목축, 방목,
쏘아보 전성의 목초, 목초의, 목초지의
gleam: 번득이다, 번적임, 희미한 goodly: 잘생긴, 상당한, 용모가 greatly: 위대하게, 매우, 크게,
징조, 희미하게 번쩍이다, 어렴풋한 단정한, 훌륭한, 잘 생긴, 큰 대단히, 훨씬, 숭고하게, 심히,
빛, 번득임, 빛, 번쩍이다 goodwill: 호의, 영업권, 단골, 동정 관대하게
glee: 환희, 유쾌, 합창곡, 기쁨, 삼부 gore: 삼각형의 헝겊 조각, 응혈, greatness: 큼, 탁월, 위대, 다대함,
또는 그 이상의 합창곡, 환회 찌르다, 흘린피, 무를 달다, 꽂다, 무, 저명, 웅대, 다대, 거대, 거대함,
glen: 협곡, 작은 골짜기, 산골짜기 삼각형의 토지, 핏덩어리, 엄니로 중대, 다량
glib: 말솜씨가 훌륭한, 유창한, 받다, 에 이음천을 대다 greave: 정강이받이, 정강이 받이
행동이 스마트한, 말 잘하는 gorge: 게걸스레 먹다, 불쾌, 골짜기, greaves: 굳기름 찌끼, 굳기름찌끼,
glibly: 유창하게, 그럴싸하게, 줄줄, 좁은통로를 막는 물건, 삼킨 음식, 기름 찌끼
유창히, 입심좋게 가득 채우다, 배불리 먹다, 대로를 greedy: 탐욕스러운, 걸신들린,
glistening: 반짝이면서 막는 집적물, 목구멍, 불쾌함, 통로를 열망하는, 게걸스러운, 대식하는
 392 The Iliad
greeting: 인사말, 인사, 인사장, 환영 추측하다, 직각하다, 라고 생각하다, handful: 한웅큼, 한 손 가득, 소량,
grey: 회색의, 회색, 노년의, 쥐색 풀어맞히다, 생각해맞히다, 한 움큼, 한줌의 양, 힘에 겨운 일
옷감, 쥐색의 그림 물감, 태고의, 추단하다, 어림 짐작으로 말하다 handiwork: 짓, 수세공, 소행, 제작물
회색 옷, 회색 옷감, 회색으로 되다, guest: 손님, 빈객, 내방자, 숙박인, handle: 핸들, 자루, 기회, 대우하다,
회색의 그림 물감, 회색의 그림 염료 기생 동물, 기생 식물 손잡이, 장사하다, 구실, 논하다,
grief: 재난, 실패하다, 비탄, 불운, guide: 안내자, 가이드, 지도자, 처리하다, 철저히, 지휘하다
깊은 슬픔, 고통 지도하다, 정찰대, 지휘자, 길잡이, handled: 자루가 달린, 핸들이 있는
grieve: 괴롭히다, 괴로워하다, 도표, 소녀단, 움직이다, 안내 handling: 취급, 수법, 조종, 손에
슬퍼하다, 몹시 슬퍼하다, 가슴 guided: 안내를 받은 대기, 운용, 처리, 손을 댐
아파하다, 농장 관리인, 마음 guile: 교활, 배신, 간교한 책략, 간지 hand-to-hand: 육박전의
아파하다, 관리자, 슬픔에 잠기게 guilt: 죄, 비행, 유죄, 죄의식 hang: 교살하다, 걸다, 조금도, 벽에
하다 guiltless: 모르는, 경험 없는, 죄없는, 바르다, 걸림새, 취지, 늘어뜨리다,
grieved: 슬퍼하는, 슬픈 갖지않은, 죄가 없는 방식, 사용법, 요령, 늘어지다
grievous: 슬픈, 비통한, 괴로운, guilty: 죄가 있는, 죄가 있는 듯한, hanging: 교수형, 임박한, 매달린,
쓰라린, 심한, 애처로운, 괴롭게 죄를 범한, 죄에 대한 가책을 느끼는, 커튼, 걸린 것, 교살, 내리막,
하는, 한탄할 만한 죄에 해당하는, 죄의식에 사로잡힌 교수형에 처할, 급경사, 급경사의,
grim: 엄한, 무서운, 불굴의, 상태, 죄의 자각이 있는, 저지른, 의 매달기
험상궂은, 잔인한, 얼굴이 무서운, 죄를 범한 hapless: 불행한, 불운한
완강한 guise: 외관, 모습, 옷차림, 가면, haply: 우연히, 아마, 어쩌면
grimy: 때묻은, 때으로 더러워진, 복장, 을 가장하여, 을 구실삼아, happening: 사건, 우발사, 해프닝,
더러운, 검댕으로 더럽혀진, 때로 태도, 구실 사고
더럽혀진 gulf: 만, 심연, 화방수, 큰 간격, happily: 행복하게, 우연히, 운좋게,
grinding: 가는, 갈기, 삐걱거리는, 소용돌이, 깊은 구멍, 소용 돌이, 다행하게도
제분, 지루한, 매우 아픈, 압제의, 보통 급제 harass: 괴롭히다
주입식 교수, 타기, 타는, 힘드는 gush: 복받침, 과시, 용솟음, harassed: 성가신 듯한, 초조한, 매우
grip: 손잡이, 핸들, 핸드백, 잡기, 분칠하다, 분출, 분출 하다, 용솟음쳐 지친몹시 시달린
이해하다, 암호적인 악수, 쥐는 기계, 나오게 하다, 지껄여대다, harassing: 괴롭히는, 귀찮게 구는
소형 여행가방, 고착하다, 마음을 흘러나오다 harbinger: 선구자, 예고, 을 미리
사로잡다, 불유쾌 gushing: 넘쳐 나오는, 지나치게 알리다
grit: 용기, 중덜거리다, 이를 갈다, 잔 감상적인, 용솟음쳐 나오는, harbour: 피난처, 항구, 은신처
모래, 담력, 조립사암, 모래 솟아나오는, 분출하는, 내뿜는, 숨기다, 품다 정박하다, 숨겨 주다,
groan: 신음하다, 그 소리, 감정을 과장해서 나타내는 잠시 묵다, 정박하다
괴로워하다, 으르렁거리다, hack: 잘게 썰다, 고용된, 자르다, harden: 경화하다, 단련하다, 굳히다,
열망하다, 불평의 소리, 가 넘칠 난도질하다, 택시, 삯말을 타다, 굳어지다, 무정하게 하다, 단다하게
정도로 많이 있다, 갈망하다, 삯말, 승용말, 써서 낡게 한, 쳐서 하다, 단단하게 하다, 단단해지다,
신음하는 듯한 목소리로 말하다, 자르다, 파서 헤치다 무감각하게 하다, 강하게 하다
신음 소리, 삐걱거리는 소리 hacked: 안달난, 곤혹스러운, 당혹한 hardship: 고난, 학대, 고생, 곤란
groin: 궁릉, 샅, 그로인, 고간, 교차한 hades: 저승, 명부, 황천, 지하계 hare: 산토끼
두개의 원기둥, 궁륭 hail: 싸락눈, 퍼붓다, 빗발치듯 harm: 해, 손해, 된서리 맞다, 해악,
grove: 작은 숲 쏟아지다, 이라 부르며맞이하다, 손상, 상해, 해치다
grovelling: 설설 기는, 넙죽 큰소리로 부르다, 인사, 환호, 의 harmlessly: 해가없게, 순진하게
엎드리는, 굽실거리는 출신이다, 인사하다, 우박, 싸라기눈 harness: 마구, 마구를 채우다,
grow: 점점 더해지다, 성장하다, hale: 정정한, 잡아 끌다, 잡아당기다, 이용하다, 갑옷, 설비, 집무중에,
늘다, 재배하다, 자라게 하다, 근력이 좋은, 건장한 동력화하다
자라다, 크다, 강해지다, 생장시키다, halo: 후광, 무리, 영광 harpy: 탐욕스러운 사람, 여자 얼굴에
나다, 점차로 -하게 되다 halt: 망설이다, 정지, 정지시키다, 새의 몸을 가진 괴물, 하피, 지독한
grudge: 주기 싫어하다, 원한, 유한, 정류소, 다리를 절다, 불완전하다, 욕심쟁이
아까워 하다, 싫어하다, 샘내다, 휴지시키다, 절름발이, 서, 멈추다, harsh: 거친, 엄한, 가혹한, 껄껄한,
악의, 인정치 않다 간이역 야한, 귀에 거슬리는, 호된
grudging: 인색한, 마지못해서 하는 hammer: 해머, 망치, 연달아 때리다, harshly: 거칠게, 엄하게, 귀에
guard: 망보다, 차장, 방어 자세, 망치로 두드리다, 두들겨넣다, 거슬릴만큼, 거치게
지키다, 보호자, 감시하다, 파수병, 나무망치, 부지런히 일하다, harvest: 수확, 수확기, 수확하다,
경계, 근위대, 흙받기, 난로의 불어리 공이치기, 애써서 생각해 내다, 추수, 결과, 보수, 거두어 들임, 소득,
guarded: 조심성 있는, 신중한, 쇠망치, 생각해 내다 수확물, 수확기의, 수확물의
감시되어 있는, 방어되어 있는 hammered: 해머로 단조한 haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다,
guardian: 보호자, 후견인, 관리인, hammering: 망치로 침, 해머로 치는, 서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함
보호하는, 수호자, 감시인 맹타, 두드려 만든 무늬, 탕탕치는, hastily: 급히, 허둥지둥, 서둘러서,
guards: 근위 연대 망치로 치는 소리 경솔하게, 성급하게, 조급하게,
guess: 추측, 생각하다, 알아맞히다, handed: 손이 있는 서둘러
 Homer
hasty: 급한, 성급한, 지레짐작, 정중히, 매우, 배불리, 마음으로,
경솔한 기운차게
hatched: 흙다, 빗기다 hearty: 친절한, 튼튼한,
hatching: 선영, 해칭, 평행선의 음영, 마음으로부터의, 배부른, 풍부한,
선영긋기 열심인, 원기왕성한 사람, 충분한,
hate: 미워하다, 증오, 좋아하지 않다, 친구, 마음속으로부터의, 활기찬
몹시 싫어하다, 따돌리다, 증오의 heat: 열, 뜨거워지다, 발정, 노력,
대상, 미움 더위, 흥분, 상기, 열심, 클라이맥스,
hated: 미워하는 뜨겁게 하다, 따뜻해지다
hateful: 미운, 싫은, 증오에 찬, heated: 격한, 뜨거워진, 흥분,
지긋지긋한, 가증스런, 가증스러운, 가열된, 흥분한
미워할만한 heave: 오르다, 토하다, 천식, 들어
hatred: 증오, 혐오, 몹시 싫어함, 올리다, 들어서 던져 넣다, 융기,
미움 움직이다, 부풀리다, 들리다,
haughtiness: 오만 높아지다, 수평 전위
haunt: 소굴, 출몰하다, 나오다, heaven: 하늘, 천국, 상공, 하느님,
자주가다, 마음에 붙어 다니다, 천제, 어머나
자주가는 장소, 에 자주 가다, heavenly: 하늘의, 천국 같은, 훌륭한,
나타나다, 끊임없이 출입하는 장소, 천부의, 거룩한, 근사한, 타고난,
자주 나타나다 천국의, 멋진, 천국과 같이
haven: 항구, 피난처 heavenward: 천국을 향해서
havoc: 파괴, 황폐, 대대적으로 heavenwards: 하늘을 향하는
파괴하다, 큰 파란 heavily: 느릿느릿, 무겁게, 묵직하게,
hawk: 매, 매사냥을 하다, 힘에겨운듯이, 무겁게 육중하게,
돌아다니며팔다, 알리며 다니다, 무거운 듯이, 답답하게, 몹시,
강경론자, 매를 부르다, 기침, 매파, 엄숙하고 무게있게
탐욕한사람, 기침하다, 기침하여 heaviness: 무거움, 무게, 나른함
내뱉다 무기력, 힘겨움, 활발치 못함, 슬픔,
hazard: 우연, 위험, 운, 모험, 걸다, 낙담, 맥없음, 가쁨, 답답함, 비애
주사위 놀이의 일종, 해보다, hebe: 청춘의 여신
위태롭게 하다, 위험을 무릅쓰고 hecatomb: 대학살, 큰희생, 황소 백
하다, 주사위 도박의 일종 마리의 제물, 다수의 희생
headgear: 머리장식, 모자, 머리 장식 hector: 허세를 부리다, 약한 자를
heading: 헤딩, 표제, 제목, 비행방향, 괴롭히다, 남자 이름, 소리지르는
수평갱, 순치기, 연재, 목베기, 방향 사람, 소리지르다, 헥토르
headland: 곶, 갑 heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다,
headless: 어리석은, 지도자 없는, 유의하다, 주의하다
머리 없는, 목이 없는, 머리가 없는 heedfully: 주의 깊게
headlong: 거꾸로, 곧바로, 성급한, heedless: 부주의한, 경솔한
무모하게, 거꾸로의, 곤두박이의 heel: 뒤축을 대다, 기울이다,
headpiece: 투구, 두뇌, 머리 쓰개, 뒤꿈치로 춤추다, 뒷발, 의 바로 뒤를
모자, 지능, 헤드폰, 머리에 쓰는 따르다, 바로 뒤따르다, 뒤꿈치,
수화기, 머리, 장 처음에 있는 꽃무늬 기울어지다, 굽, 경사, 비열한놈
장식 heifer: 암소, 어린 암소
heads: 머릿 수 height: 높이, 고도, 고지, 둔덕, 절정,
headstrong: 완고한 한창, 극치, 높은 곳, 높음, 이
headway: 전진, 천정 높이, 진척, 한창이어서, 하늘
배의 속도, 간격 heir: 후계자, 계승자, 사자, 상속인,
heal: 고치다, 낫다, 낫게하다, 후계하다, 남자 상속인
회복되다, 화해시키다 heirloom: 법정 상속 동산, 조상
healing: 치료의, 치유, 치료 전래의 가보
heap: 기가 푹 꺽이다, 느닷없이, helen: 여자 이름
많이, 퍽, 쌓다, 쌓아 올리다, 더미, hell: 지옥, 마굴, 지옥과 같은 장소,
매우, 수북이 담다, 쌓아올리다, 빌어먹을, 이세상의 지옥, 저승
쌓아올린 것 hellas: 그리스의 옛이름
hearing: 청력, 듣기, 들어주기, hellespont: 헬레스폰트
들리는 거리, 청각, 경청, 가청거리, helm: 키, 자루, 지도, 지도하다, 키를
청위, 청취, 들리는 범위, 심문 잡다, 의 키를 다루다, 지배권, 지배
heartily: 마음으로부터, 열의를 갖고, helmet: 헬멧, 투구, 투구형, 투구
393
모양의 물건
helper: 조수, 지지자, 조력자, 거드는
사람, 위안자, 원조자, 돕는사람,
구조자, 협력자, 돕는 사람
helping: 도움, 조력, 거들어줌, 조력
구원의, 한번담는 분량, 돕는 도움이
되는, 거들기
helpless: 의지할 데 없는, 무력한,
어찌할 도리 없는, 의지할 사람이
없는, 어찌할 수 없는, 의지할 곳이
없는
helter-skelter: 난잡하게, 나선형
미끄럼틀, 당황하여, 당황함
hem: 가선, 에워싸다, 두르다,
감치다, 에헴, 감침질, 경계, 헛기침,
에헴 하고 소리내다, 헛기침 소리,
가선을 두르다
hence: 그러므로, 사라져, 이제부터,
여기서 부터, 그 결과, 여기서부터,
금후, 이 세상에서 떠나라, 이런
까닭에
henceforth: 차후, 이후, 금후
henceforward: 차후, 이후, 금후
herald: 전령관, 문장관, 의전관, 사자,
신문의 이름, 고지자, 보도자,
전달하다, 포고자
herb: 풀, 초본, 목초, 풀잎, 향료
식물, 남자 이름, 약용 식물, 식용
식물
herbage: 목초, 초본류, 방목권, 풀
hercules: 헤프쿨레스 자리, 초인적인
힘을 가진 사람, 헤르쿨레스, 힘이
매우 센 사람, 헤라클레스
herd: 군중, 몰아 모으다, 지키다,
무리, 떼지어 모이다, 민중.목자,
목자, 민중, 떼를 짓다, 떼를 모으다,
군중의
herdsman: 목자, 목동자리
hereafter: 내세에서, 금후, 앞으로,
이후
hereby: 이로 말미암아, 이에 의하여,
이것에 의하여
heretofore: 이제 까지, 지금까지,
현재 까지, 지금 까지, 이때까지
hero: 영웅, 주인공, 용사, 신인
heron: 왜가리, 왜라기
hers: 그 여자의 것
hesitate: 주저하다, 망설이다
hesitating: 주저하는, 망설이는
hew: 찍어 넘기다, 자르다, 잘라
만들다, 베어 만들다, 치다, 찍다
hewn: 찍은
hidden: 숨겨진, 숨은
hide: 숨다, 피혁, 때리다, 짐승의
가죽, 숨기다, 심하게 매질하다, 짐승
가죽, 숨기기, 숨는 장소
hideous: 오싹해지는, 끔찍한,
무서운, 섬뜩한, 보기만 해도 무서운
hiding: 매질, 은닉, 은닉처, 은신처,
 394 The Iliad
후려갈김, 숨김, 숨는 곳 주다, 인수하다 hue: 색조, 빛깔, 색상, 고함,
hiding-place: 은신처 honourable: 고귀한, 명예로운, 외침소리, 비난의 소리, 색채,
hie: 서두르다, 급히가다 존경할만한, 고위의, 영광의, 존경할 고함소리, 특색
highest: 제일 높은, 최고 만한 hug: 껴안다, 접근하여 지나다, 꼭
high-handed: 고압적인 honoured: 명예스러운, 명예스럽게 껴안음, 고집하다, 끌어안기, 포옹,
highlands: 고지 생각하여, 영광스럽게 생각하여, 품다, 닿을 듯이 하여 나아가다, 꼭
hillside: 산허리, 산중턱 명예를 받은 껴안다, 접근해서 나아가다
hilt: 완전히, 칼자루, 자루 hoodwink: 속이다, 눈을 가리다, hugely: 거대하게, 크게, 매우, 대단히
hind: 머슴, 고라니의 암컷, 농장 얼떨떨하게 하다, 가리개를 씌우다 hull: 선체, 정체, 덮개, 껍데기,
일꾼, 뒤의, 시골뜨기, 맨뒤의, hook: 갈고리, 훅, 코바늘, 낚시, 덮개를 벗기다, 선체를 궤뚫다,
암사슴, 후부의 갈고리 모양의 곶, 굴곡부, 걸쇠, 껍데기를 제거하다, 외피
hinder: 방해하다, 뒤의, 뒤쪽의, 갈고리 모양으로 굽다, 갈고리 hum: 콧노래를 부르다, 우물우물
방해가 되다, 방해가되다, 후방의 낚시에 걸다, 갈고리 모양으로 말하다, 윙울리다, 윙윙하다, 경기가
hindermost: 맨뒤의, 최후부의, 가장 구부리다, 훅을 먹이다 좋다, 나쁜 냄새가 나다, 입속에서
뒤쪽의 hooked: 갈고리 모양의, 훅이 달린, 우물거리다, 윙윙거리다
hindmost: 맨 뒤의 마약 중독의, 고리가 달린, 갈고리 humour: 기분, 해학, 유우머, 익살,
hindrance: 방해, 장애, 방해물 모양으로 구부러진 액, 변덕 비위를 맞추다, 기질, 잘
hip: 엉덩이, 장미의 열매, 허리, 우울, horn: 뿔, 촉각, 촉수, 뿔제품, 뿔이 다루다, 만족시키다
정보통의, 최신 유행의, 히피의, 나다, 뿔로 받다, 주제넘게 나서다, hunger: 굶주림, 갈망하다, 굶주리다,
갈채의 첫소리, 잘 알고 있기, 에 뿔이 나게 하다, 쑥 나온 끝, 양도 공복, 갈망, 기근, 배가 고프다,
들장미의 열매, 사정에 밝은 논법의 뿔, 각제품 열망하다, 굶주리게 하다, 열망
hire: 임차료, 고용되다, 세내다, horned: 뿔이 있는 hungry: 갈망하는, 배고픈, 공복의,
고용하다, 세놓다, 임대료, 사용료, horns: 어느 한 쪽 굶주린, 메마른, 몹시 원하는,
임차하다, 임차, 임대하다 horrid: 무서운, 지독한 불모의, 식욕을 일으키는
hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, horror: 공포, 열등품, hunt: 찾다, 사냥, 사냥하다,
여기에 소름끼치게하는, 염오, 무서운것, 몰이하다, 사냥을 하다, 사냥에 쓰다,
hitherto: 지금까지는, 지금까지 공포의 전율, 치가 떨리는 기분, 추적하다, 괴롭히다, 박해하다, 쫓아
hoar: 흰, 회색의, 흰서리, 백발의, 무서운 것, 참으로 지독한 것 버리다, 쫑아 버리다
흰백색, 회백색, 흰 서리, 하얗게 된 horsehair: 말총, 마소직, 말총의 hunter: 사냥꾼, 탐구자, 사냥개,
hog: 돼지, 더러운 사람, 욕심쟁이, horseman: 승마자, 마술가, 기수, 양딱지 회중 시계, 뚜껑이 앞 뒤로
탐내어 제몫 이상으로 갖다, 기병 달린 회중시계
자동차를 함부로 몰다, 돼지같은 놈, horsemanship: 마술 huntress: 여자사냥꾼, 여자 사냥꾼
머리를 숙이고 등을 둥글게 하다, hospitable: 극진한, 따뜻하게 huntsman: 사냥개지기, 사냥꾼,
자기의 배당 이상으로 차지하다, 대접하는, 기꺼이 받아들이는, 수렵가
중앙부가 돼지 둥처럼 구부러지다, 대접이 좋은 hurl: 퍼붓다, 내던지다, 내던짐,
짧게 깎다 hospitality: 환대, 후대, 친절한 대접, 던지다, 세게 던지기, 차로 운반하다
hole: 구멍, 결점, 틈, 구멍을 뚫다, 굴, 친절히 대접하기 hurling: 던짐, 헐링
궁지, 토굴 감옥, 흘, 공을 구멍에 쳐 host: 숙주, 주인, 천사의 떼, 군세, hurly-burly: 대소동
넣다, 꼼짝할 수 없는 곤경, 굴에 다수, 많은 떼, 군, 여럿, 호스트역을 hurricane: 폭풍, 열대의 구풍, 폭팔,
몰아넣다 맡다, 주최국을 맡다, 주인역을 맡다 허리케인 전투기, 격렬
hollow: 구멍, 우묵한 곳, 공허한, hostile: 적의, 적대하는, 적의 있는 hurried: 매우 급한, 재촉하는
골짜기, 거짓의, 도려내다, 속이 hotly: 뜨겁게, 열심히, 열렬히, 몹시, hurriedly: 매우 급히, 서둘러서
텅빈, 우묵 들어가다, 힘없는, 우묵 흥분하여, 맹렬히, 매우 성을 내어, hurry: 서두르다, 서두름, 허둥대어,
들어간, 공복의 골나서, 노기를 띠고 급함, 서두르게하다, 쉽사리, 서두를
holy: 신성한, 거룩한, 성인 같은 hound: 사냥개, 열중하는 사람, 필요, 사구, 서두르게 하다, 진음곡,
homestead: 자작농장, 집과 부속지, 맹렬히 쫓다, 비열한자, 사냥개로 열심
자작 농장, 주택, 택지 사냥하다, 비열한 사나이, 개 hurt: 상처, 고통, 다치다, 부상,
homeward: 귀로의, 본국으로 household: 가족, 가사의, 가족의, 온 부상을 입히다, 상처를 입히다,
향해서, 집으로, 집으로 돌아가는, 집안 사람, 가정, 동지, 왕실 아프다, 상처를 입다, 해를 입다, 에
집쪽으로 householder: 호주, 세대주, 가장 상처를 내다, 상하게 하다
honest: 정직한, 섞지않은, 성실한, housekeeper: 가정부, 주부, 하녀 hussy: 말괄량이, 반짇고리
진짜의, 평판이 좋은, 거짓이 없는, 우두머리, 관리인 hyacinth: 보라색, 풍신자석,
기특한 howbeit: 그렇지만, 하지만 히아신스
honey: 벌꿀, 감미로운, 화밀, 정다운 huddle: 난잡, 되는대로 해치우다, hyde: 하이드씨
말을 하다, 발림말하다, 벌꿀의, 급히 입다, 뒤죽박죽 섞어 모으다, hymen: 처녀막, 결혼의신, 결혼,
귀여운 사람, 단것 붐비다, 쳐넣다, 밀담, 쌓아 올리다, 결혼의 축가, 결혼의 노래, 혼인,
honour: 명예, 도의심, 면목, 명성, 어중이떠중이의 집단, 아무렇게나 히멘
우등, 존경, 끗수가 가장 높은 패, 포개어 쌓다, 선수들이 상의하기 ibex: 아이벡스, 야생 염소
명예가 되는 것, 명예상, 에 영광을 위해서 스크럼선 뒤에 모이다 ice: 얼리다, 얼음, 당의, 다이아몬드,
 Homer 395
아이스크림, 차가움, 쌀쌀함, 보석, 모습을 한, 성육한, 육체를 입은, 의 informed: 지식이 있는, 지식의
암표 장수가 극장측에 내는 수수료, 화신이 되다, 구현시키다 필요한, 소식통의, 견문이 넓은,
얼음판의 얼음, 얼음의 incessant: 끊임없는, 간단 없는, 사정에 밝은, 학식이 있는
ichor: 농장, 영액, 이코르, 피와같은 그칠새 없는, 끊임 없는 infuriated: 격노한
액체, 신의 몸안에 혈액처럼 incessantly: 끊임없는, 간단 없이, inglorious: 불명예스러운, 창피한,
흐른다는 영액, 아이코어, 신들의 끊임 없이 수치스러운, 무명의, 면목없는,
맥관 속을 흐르는 영액 incite: 자극하다, 격려하다, 선, 이름도없는, 불명예, 이름도 없는
ides: 버름, 십오 일 선동하다, 일으키게하다, 고무하다 ingloriously: 무명의, 불명예스럽게,
idiot: 백치, 바보, 천치, 얼간이, 병신 incline: 기울이다, 기울다, 경사, 창피하게
idle: 한가한, 일이 없는, 활용되지 굽히다, 내키다, 에 가깝다, 의 inhabited: 사람이 살고 있는
않고 있는, 쓸모 없는, 무용의, 까닭 경향이 있다, 의 경향이 생기게 하다, inherit: 상속하다, 유전하다,
없는, 태만한, 쉬고 있는, 놀고 으로 돌리게 하다, 숙이다, 내키게 물려받다, 계승하다, 재산을
보내다, 공전하다, 게으름 피우다 하다 상속하다, 재산을 물려받다, 이어
idly: 무익하게, 멍하니, 게으르게, incur: 입다, 분노, 비난, 에 부딪치다, 받다
헛되이, 빈둥거려, 빈둥거리며, 위험을 초래하다, 초래하다 iniquity: 부정, 부정행위, 죄악, 죄,
하는일 없이, 게을리, 한는 일 없이 indifferent: 무관심한, 공평한, 불법
ignoble: 불명예스러운, 야비한, 중성의, 치우치지 않는, 개의치 않는, inlaid: 상감의, 박이 넣은, 상감
신분이 천한, 시시한, 멸시할 만한, 평범한, 좋지도 나쁘지도 않은, 세공을한
저열한, 비천한, 천한, 하등의 변변치 않은중성의, 중립의, 중요치 inland: 국내, 오지, 내지의,
ill: 서투른, 병든, 나쁜, 나쁘게, 불행, 않은, 시원치 않은 내륙으로, 내륙, 국내의, 내지,
악, 불친절하게, 불친절한, 고난, indignant: 분개한, 성난 내륙의, 국내에 한정된, 국내에,
병고, 형편이 나쁜 indiscretion: 무분별, 비밀누설, 국내로
ill-disposed: 성질이 고약한 지각없음, 무분별한 행위, 근신하지 inner: 내부의, 안의, 정신의, 영적인,
ill-favoured: 못생긴 않는 행위, 경솔한 언동, 무분별의 밥통, 비밀의, 위, 영혼, 안쪽의,
ill-omened: 불길한 indomitable: 굴복하지 않는, 불굴의 과녁의 내권내권 명중, 식욕
ill-starred: 액운을 타고난 지지 않으려고 하는, 굽히지 않는 innermost: 맨 안쪽의, 가장 깊숙한
immortal: 영원한, 신의, 죽지 않는, induce: 야기하다, 유도하다, 곳, 가장 깊은 속의
불후의, 불사의, 죽지 않느 사람, 권유하다, 귀납하다, 일으키다, inordinately: 과도한, 무절제한,
불후의 명성이 있는 사람, 불멸의 인공적으로 출산시키다, 인공적으로 지나친
불후의, 죽지않는 사람, 불멸의, 일으키다, 유발하다, inquire: 문의하다, 묻다, 조사하다,
명성이 사라지지 않는 사람 설득하여..시키다, 인공분만하다, 질문하다
impart: 전하다, 곁들이다, 나눠 인공분만을 하다 insatiable: 탐욕스러운, 만족할줄
주다덧붙이다, 말해버리다, 알리다, indulge: 빠지다, 탐닉하다, 모르는, 물릴 줄 모르는, 탐욕한,
주다, 첨가하다, 나누어주다 지불유예를 주다, 실컷 마시다, 만족할 줄 모르는
imperishable: 불멸의, 불후의, 어하다, 마음대로 하게하다, 술을 insatiably: 만족할줄 모르고,
부패하지 않는, 불사의, 영원한 많이 마시다, 버릇없이 가르다, 탐욕스럽게
impetuous: 격렬한, 맹렬한, 열렬한, 만족시키다, 대사를 베풀다, insatiate: 만족할 줄 모르는
성급한, 충동적인, 성급함 기쁘게하다 insolence: 오만, 무례, 거만함,
impetuously: 맹렬한, 성급한, 격렬한 ineffable: 말로 표현할 수 없는, 건방진, 건방진태도, 거만
implacable: 달래기 어려운, 말해서는 안될 insolently: 무례한, 안하무인의
무자비한, 화해할수 없는, 달랠 수 inexorable: 냉혹한, 무정한, 움직일수 inspired: 영감을 받은, 숨을
없는, 앙심깊은, 준엄함, 집요한 없는, 용성없는굽힐수없는, 용서 들이마신, 영감으로 쓰여진, 사실에
implore: 간청하다, 애원하다, 없는, 냉흑한 기인하지 않는, 내의를 받은, 뜻을
탄원하다 infant: 유아, 유아의, 초기의, 소아, 반영한, 영감을 느낀, 사주를 받은
imploring: 애원하는, 탄원의, 미성년의, 미성년자, 유치한, 유아용, instant: 순간, 절박한, 즉시, 즉각의,
탄원하는 소아의, 아이 긴급한, 즉석의, 즉각, 즉석식의,
imploringly: 애원적으로, 탄원하여 infatuated: 미친, 얼빠진, 홀린, 인스턴트식품, 인스턴트커피, 이달의
impregnable: 난공 불락의, 확고한, 열중한, 흘린, 흘림 instantly: 즉석에서, 즉시, 즉시로,
도덕심이 견고한, 수정가능한, inferior: 하위의, 하급자, 손아랫사람, 당장에, 곧, 하자마자
굴치않는, 지지않는, 끄떡 않는, 난공 후배, 하등의, 열등한 사람, 하급품, instruct: 지시하다, 알리다, 가르치다,
불락 하급의, 이하위의, 열등한, 밑에 붙은 통고하다, 교육하다, 명령하다, 에게
imprison: 감금하다, 교도소에 넣다, infinite: 무한의, 막대한, 끝없는, 교수하다, 에게 명령하다, 에게
가두다, 수감하다, 투옥하다, 무한대, 부정의, 부정형의, 무한한 지시하다, 보고하다
교도소에 집어 넣다 공간, 무한량, 완전무결한, 무한, instruction: 교수, 명령, 교육, 지시,
imprisoned: 교도소에 집어 넣은 무수한 훈령, 교훈, 소송위임장, 지령, 지식,
inasmuch: 때문에, 이므로, 인 한은 inflamed: 염증을 일으킨, 충혈한, 가르침
incarnate: 육체를 갖춘, 육체를 얼굴이 빨개진, 흥분한 instructions: 훈령
부여하다, 구체화한, 화신의, inflict: 가하다, 과하다, 주다, insult: 모욕하다, 모욕, 모욕적 언동,
구체화하다, 사람 모습을 한, 사람의 괴롭히다, 짊어지우다 무례, 손상, 에게 무례한 짓을 하다,
 396 The Iliad
욕보이다 주사위, 상아제품, 피아노의 건, keepsake: 기념품, 유품, 선물용
insulted: 모욕한 상아유사품 장식책 같은, 선물용 장식책
insure: 보증하다, 보험에 들다, jagged: 톱니 모양의, 들쭉날쭉하게 ken: 시계, 지식 범위, 시야, 남자
확실하게 하다, 보험에 가입하다, 된, 들쭉날쭉한, 이상하게 된, 바위 이름, 발견하다, 안계, 소굴, 알다,
지키다, 의 보험을 맡다, 을 방지할 따위의 톱니와 같은, 톱니와 같은 지력의 범위, 인정하다
수단을 강구하다, 안전하게하다, jar: 충돌, 삐걱거리는 소리, 거슬리다, kids: 키드 장갑, 키드 구두
보험을 걸다, 보증이되다, 보험 진동하다, 단지, 갈리다, 항아리, kill: 죽이다, 기세를 꺾다, 시내, 잡은
증서를 발행하다 충격, 아가리 넓은 병, 싸움, 신경에 것, 수로, 살생, 보내다, 말라
intent: 의미, 의지, 열심인, 취지, 거슬리는 것 주게하다, 말살하다, 살인하다, 말라
목적, 의향, 사실상, 열중하여, javelin: 창던지기, 창, 던지는 창 죽게하다
집중된, 여념이 없는, 여념없는 jaw: 턱, 수다, 입부분, 잔소리하다, killing: 큰 벌이, 죽이는, 도살,
inter: 매장하다, 상호 등의 뜻, 의 잔소리, 어귀, 군소리하다, 입 부분, 뇌쇄적인, 사냥에서 잡은 것, 힘겨운,
사이의, 중에, 의 뜻 설교하다, 남에게 설교하다, 골짜기 죽이는 일, 우스워 죽일 지경인,
interrupt: 방해하다, 가로막다, 따위의 좁다란 입구 살해, 우스워서 견딜 수 없는, 죽을
중단하다, 중단시키다, 끼어들다, jaws: 입 부분, 좁다란 입구 것 같은
일시 정지, 도중에서 방해하다, jealous: 불신앙을 용서치 않는, kindle: 타오르게 하다, 빛나다,
저지하다 샘내는, 질투많은, 경계심이 강한, 점화하다, 불을 붙이다, 밝게 하다,
interrupted: 중단된, 가로막힌, 다른 신을 섬기는 것을 허락지 않는, 불이 붙다, 흥분하다, 얼굴 따위가
단속적인, 중절된 지키는데 급급한, 질투심 많은 빛나다, 정열 따위를 타오르게 하다,
intolerable: 견딜 수 없는, 과도한, jeopardy: 위험 불붙다, 태우다
참을수 없는, 애타는, 약오르는 jointed: 마디가 있는, 이음매가 있는, kindly: 친절한, 쾌히, 기꺼이,
invade: 침입하다, 침해하다, 접합의, 관절이 있는 상냥하게, 상냥한, 온하한, 쾌히
침략하다, 쳐들어가다, 퍼지다, jot: 소량, 미소, 대강 적어두다, 공동 받아들이다, 친절히, 기후 따위가
밀어닥치다, 충만하다, 감시 소조, 극히 조금, 조금 온화한, 온화한, 자연히
몰려들다침범하다, 대거몰려오다, journey: 여행하다, 여정, 여행, 보통 kinship: 유사, 혈족 관계, 친척관계,
내습하다 육로의 여행 성질 따위 유사
inveigle: 유인하다, 꼬드기다, jove: 천만에, 맹세코, 목성, 주피터 kinsman: 남자 친척, 친척의 남자,
비위맞추어, 속이다, 얻어내다, 꾀다 joy: 즐거움, 기쁨, 기뻐하다, 기쁘게 혈족의 남자
invincible: 무적의, 정복할수없는, 하다, 기쁨거리, 행복, 기쁘게 knavery: 사기, 무뢰한의 행위, 속임,
극복할수 없는, 불굴의, 완강한, 해주다, 기쁨을 주는 것 부정, 속임수
정복할수 없는 joyous: 즐거운 knee: 무릎, 무릎으로 대다,
inviolate: 침범되지 않은, 더럽혀지지 joyously: 기쁘게 무릎모양의 것, 무릎 모양의 것,
않은, 신성한, 모독되지 않은 judgement: 판단, 의견, 재판, 정의, 무릎으로 건드리다, 무릎 모양의
invitation: 초대, 유언, 유혹, 유인, 처벌, 비판, 신의 심판으로서의 천벌, 물건
초빙, 권유, 도전, 매력, 안내장 재판과 확정된 채무, 최후의 심판, kneeling: 무릎을 꿇는
invite: 초대장, 초대하다, 끌다, 판결과 확정된 채무, 판결의 결과 knees: 무릎
가져오다, 초래하다, 간청하다, 확정된 채무 knife: 나이프, 메스, 식칼, 단도로
자아내다, 부탁하다, 끌다 judgment: 판단, 천벌, 재판, 판결, 찌르다, 나이프로 베다, 비겁한
쏠리게하다, 야기시키다, 청하다 분별, 심판, 비관, 감정, 견식, 의견, 수법으로 해치우려 하다, 칼, 수술용
inward: 내적인, 안으로, 내장, 내부, 비판 칼, 해치우려고 하다, 헤치며
내부의, 낮은, 창자, 안의, 내심, juice: 전기, 가솔린, 액, 즙, 원기, 나아가다, 음흉한 수단으로
마음의, 수입의 고기 따위의 국물, 야채의 국물, 해치우려고 하다
inwardly: 내부에, 마음속에 몰래, 분비액, 본질, 과일의 국물 knight: 나이트, 기사, 나이트작의
마음속으로, 안으로, 작은 목소리로, jump: 뛰다, 뛰어 오르게 하다, 사람, 나이트작을 주다, 중세의 기사,
안쪽으로, 내부로 일치하다, 뛰어 넘다, 뛰어오르다, 회원, 주의에 헌신적으로 일하는
inwards: 안으로, 마음속으로, 내부에 폭등하다, 에서 벗어나다, 움찔하다, 용사, 자선 단체 따위의 회원, 우애
iris: 홍채, 붓꽃, 이리스, 참붓꽃속의, 비약하다, 생략하다, 뛰어 옮기다 따위의 회원, 용사, 사상에
훈색의 석영, 여자 이름, 붓꽃속의 juno: 주노 헌신적으로 일하는 용사
식물, 무지개 여신, 무지개, justly: 바르게, 정당하게, 공정하게 knightly: 기사의, 기사다운, 용감한,
아이리스, 무지개 빛 jut: 뿌다구니, 돌출부, 돌출, 기사답게, 훈작사의
iron: 냉혹한, 철, 에 수갑을 채우다, 튀어나오다, 돌기 knit: 뜨다, 찌푸리다, 밀착시키다,
쇠의, 쇠, 다리미, 쇠로 덮어 싸다, jutting: 튀어나온 짜다, 편물하다, 접합하다, 뜨개질을
철제 기구, 철제의, 수갑, 장갑하다 keen: 열심인, 예민한, 날카로운, 하다, 합하다, 눈살을 찌푸리다,
irritated: 따끔따끔한, 신경질이 난, 예리한, 살을 에는 듯한, 통곡하다, 팔자로 찌푸려 지다
자극받은, 염증을 일으킨 산란한, 모진, 곡성, 격렬한, 강한 knob: 혹, 손잡이, 작고 둥근 언덕,
ithaca: 이타카 keener: 곡꾼 마디, 설상가상으로, 혹이 생기다,
ivory: 상아, 상아색, 상아로 keenly: 예민하게, 날카롭게 작고 둥근 덩어리, 에 손잡이를 달다
만든것이, 상아로된상아 같은, keeping: 부양, 유지, 조화, 관리, knot: 혹, 무리, 매듭, 매듭을 짓다,
상아로 만든, 기다란 앞니, 치아, 보존, 축하, 보관, 일치 매다, 곤란, 난국, 떼, 나비 매듭,
 Homer 397
마디, 매어지다 lately: 요즈음, 최근 leopardess: 암표범
knowing: 멋진, 빈틈 없는, 아는 lather: 비누거품, 땀투성이가 되다, lesson: 학과, 교훈, 일과, 과업, 연습,
체하는, 알고 있는, 지식, 멋있는, 외 만드는 사람, 후려갈기다, 에 비누 수업, 훈계하다, 연속적인 수업, 과,
사물을 아는, 앎, 잘 알고 있는, 모자 거품을 칠하다, 비누가 거품이 일다, 교과서 중의 과, 교습
따위 멋있는, 빈틈없는 거품이 일다, 비누 거품 lest: 을 두려워하여, 하지 않도록,
laboured: 억지의, 어려운, 애쓴, laugh: 웃다, 웃음, 흥겨워하다, 하지나 않을까 하고
공들인, 곤란한, 문장 따위 고심한 시키다, 조모하다, 웃으며 ...하다, letting: 셋집, 임대, 전세아파트
흔적이 있는, 고심한 흔적이 있는 곡식 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 소리내어 liar: 거짓말쟁이
lacking: 이 결핍된, 결핍되어 웃다, 경치 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 lick: 핥다, 속력, 에 이기다, 조금,
lad: 젊은이, 소년, 남자, 녀석, 소리내어 웃다, 물 따위가 유쾌한 넘실거리다, 한번 핥기, 핥음,
일반적으로 남자 듯이 소리내어 웃다, 소리를 내어 해내다, 일격, 급속히 번지다,
lag: 지연, 뒤떨어지다, 시간의 착오, 웃다, 웃어서 이르게 하다 너울거리다
뒤떨어짐, 느릿느릿 걷다, 복역 기간, laughing: 우스운, 기쁜듯한, 웃는, lid: 뚜껑, 눈꺼풀, 모자, 덮개, 규제
죄수, 통의 널판, 겉씌우개로 싸다, 웃을, 웃고 있는, 웃을 만한, 웃음 lie: 거짓말, 방향, 눕다, 위치, 있다,
투옥하다, 더디다 laughingly: 비웃듯이, 웃으며 기대다, 향, 거짓말하다, 통해 있다,
lagging: 단열용 피복시공, 보온, laughter: 웃음, 웃음소리 사기, 소굴
보온재 lawgiver: 입법자 lifeless: 죽은, 생명없는, 생명이
laid: 집에 틀어박힌, 몸져 누워 있는 layer: 층, 놓는 사람, 까는 사람, 쌓는 없는, 활기가 없는, 생물이 살고 있지
lair: 숨는 장소, 쉬는 장소, 야수의 굴, 사람, 알 낳는 닭, 휘묻이, 돈을 거는 않은
침상, 굴, 야생 짐승의 굴 사람 lift: 승강기, 승진, 향상시키다, 올림,
lake: 호수, 레이크, 못, 다홍색 laying: 부설, 조준, 쌓음, 꼬는 법, 도둑, 위로 향함, 높아지다,
lamb: 새끼양, 새끼양 고기, 애벌칠, 쌓기, 놓기, 한 배에 깐 알, 제거하다, 올라가다, 걷힘, 캐내다
순한사람, 낳다, 풋내기, 램, 어린 끌어 댐, 설치, 한 번에 까는 알 lighted: 불이 켜진
양고기, 양이 새끼를 낳다, 새끼양의 lazy: 느린, 게으른, 태만한, 귀찮은 lighting: 조명, 그림 등에서 빛의
모피, 비평가, 교회의 어린 신자 듯한 배치, 빛의 배치, 사진 등에서 빛의
lame: 절름발이의, 절름발이로 leaderless: 지도자가 없는 배치, 조명법, 점화
만들다, 불충분한, 앞뒤가 맞지 않는, leadership: 지휘자, 유도심문, 주장, lightly: 가볍게, 명랑하게, 부드럽게,
절름발이가 절룩거리다, 절름발이가 지도자, 지도, 수령의 지위, 지휘자의 쉽사리, 민첩하게, 경솔히, 사뿐히,
되다, 운율이 불완전한, 불완전한, 임무, 수령의 임무, 지휘자의 지위 약간, 얕게, 홀가분하게, 조용히
불구의, 라메 leads: 지붕을 잇는데 쓰는 함석 lightning: 번개, 전광, 번개와 같은,
lament: 비탄, 슬퍼하다, 한탄하다, leaf: 잎, 잎이 나오다, 꽃잎, 박, 번개의
비가, 애석해 하다 페이지를 넘기다, 얇은 판자, 한장, lights: 가축의 허파, 허파, 양 따위의
lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 풀잎, 흔히 꽃잎, 한 장, 책의 한 장 허파, 돼지 따위의 허파
애가 lean: 의지하다, 야윈, 기대다, 살코기, like-minded: 같은 마음의, 같은
landed: 소유지의, 토지를 갖고 있는, 빈약한, 의 경향이 있다, 지방 없는, 의견의, 같은 취미의
토지의, 토지를 소유한, 양륙한, 수확이 적은, 굽다, 기욺, 기울이다 likeness: 비슷함, 상사성, 외관, 초상,
토지로 된 leaning: 경향, 경사, 기호 흡사한 것, 흡사한 사람
languish: 고생하다, 그리워하다, leap: 뛰기, 도약하다, 뛰다, 약동하다, likewise: 마찬가지로, 또한, 똑같이,
약해지다, 번민하다, 괴롭게 살다, 그 거리, 뛰어 넘다, 일사천리로, 그리고 또한
노곤해지다, 시들다, 여위다 껑충뛰다, 뛰어넘다, 뛰게 하다 liking: 기호, 좋아함
lap: 무릎, 싸다, 핥다, 기르는 환경, learned: 학구적인, 학식 있는, limb: 수족, 날개, 팔, 의
한바퀴 돌다, 아랫자락, 기꺼이 듣다, 학자의, 학문상의, 학문이 있는, 가지를자르다, 앞이, 가장자리, 구,
접어겹치다, 한번감기, 처진 부분, 학식이 있는 달 따위의 가장자리, 문장의 구,
무릎부분 learning: 학문, 박식, 배우기 엽변, 의 손발을 끊다
lard: 돼지기름을 바르다, 돼지기름, least: 하다못해, 가장적게, 최소, 가장 limpid: 맑은, 투명한, 깨끗한
돼지기름을바르다, 이야기 따위를 적게, 가장 작은 limping: 절뚝거리는
윤색하다, 윤색하다, 라드, 돼지 비계 leather: 가죽, 가죽 끈으로 때리다, lineage: 혈통, 부족, 민족, 일렬 정렬,
혹은 베이컨 조각을 끼워 넣다, 고기 가죽제품, 가죽을 씌우다, 가죽 제품, 일렬 정돈
따위에 돼지 비계 혹은 베이컨 가죽으로 만든, 가죽의, 사람의 피부, lined: 안을 댄, 선을 그은
조각을 끼워 넣다, 문장 따위를 피부, 가죽을 무두질하다 linen: 아마포, 린네르처럼 흰,
윤색하다 leathern: 가죽의 린네르제품, 아마실, 린네르,
lash: 채찍질하다, 세차게 움직이다, left-hand: 왼손의, 왼편의 린네르류, 린네르제의, 리넨 제품,
비난, 챗열, 채찍질, 빈정댐, 비꼼, leg: 다리, 달리다, 버팀대, 걷다, 옥양목 제품, 리넨 종이, 리넨제의
충격, 부딪치다, 빈정대다, 묶다 자락, 지주, 한 진행 구간, 한 lining: 안감, 안대기, 안, 포켓 따위의
lashed: 속눈썹이 있는, 속눈썹이 직행구거리, 컴퍼스 따위의 다리, 알맹이, 켓 따위의 알맹이, 지갑
...한 걸상 따위의 다리, 타자의 왼쪽 뒤편 따위의 알맹이, 위 따위의 알맹이,
lasting: 영속하는, 영원한 영속, leisure: 여가, 천천히, 안일, 한가한, 안을 대기, 알맹이
오래가는, 일종의 튼튼한 나사 한가한 시간 lion: 사자, 용사, 명사, 아이온,
lastly: 최후에, 최후로 lengthways: 세로로, 길게 인기의 중심, 명소, 라이온, 라이온스
 398 The Iliad
클럽의 회원, 사자 별자리, 사자문장, 불안스럽게 다가오다 madly: 미쳐서, 극단으로, 몹시,
사자인 loose: 풀다, 풀린, 쏘다, 엉성한, 미친듯이
lion-hearted: 용맹스러운 총포를 쏘다, 포장이 나쁜, madman: 미친 사람, 광인
liquid: 액체, 유음, 맑은, 유창한, 헐렁헐렁한, 헐거워지다, 흐트러진, madness: 광기, 열광, 광희, 정신
돈으로 바꿀 수 있는, 유음의, 낙낙한, 놓다 착란
유동체, 액체의, 투명한, 유려한, 시 lordly: 귀족다운, 당당한, 왕후와 maiden: 처음의, 아가씨, 처녀,
따위 유려한 같은, 군주다운 미혼녀, 미혼의, 소녀, 단두대,
listen: 듣다, 따르다, 경청하다, loser: 손실자, 유실자, 진편, 실패자, 단두대... 미혼의, 처녀인, 처녀의
도청하다, 귀를 기울이다, 들리다, 패자, 경기에서 진편, 장애 구역 mail: 우편물, 우편낭, 우편, 사슬미늘
들어 주다, 처럼 들리다 losing: 승산없는, 실패의, 패배의, 갑옷, 우편제도, 쇠사슬 갑옷,
lit: 문학의, 빛나는, 문학 실패, 지는 우송하다, 우체, 쇠사슬 갑옷을
lithe: 나긋나긋한, 유연한 loth: 싫은, 싫어하여 입히다, 우편물 집배, 우편으로
litter: 난잡, 가마, 깔짚, 깃을 깔다, lots: 훨씬 더, 매우 보내다
들것, 난잡하게 어지르다, lotus: 망우수, 연꽃, 연, 연꽃 무늬, mail-clad: 쇠미늘 갑옷을 입은
어수선하게 흩어진 물건, 잡동사니, 로터스 maimed: 불구의, 상한
낳다, 쓰레기, 물건을 흩뜨리다 loud: 큰소리로, 화려한, 떠들썩한, mainland: 본토
lived: 생명이 ...한 극성스러운, 소리가 큰, 주제넘는, majesty: 주권, 폐하, 위엄, 장엄
livelong: 오랜, 꼬박, 내내, 온, 긴, 불쾌히, 좀 지나치게 화려한, 높은, maker: 조물주, 제조업자, 하느님,
오래 야비한, 야하게 시인, 만드는 사람, 약속 어음 발행인
liver: 생활자, 거주자, 간장, 적갈색, loudly: 큰소리로, 화려하게, malicious: 악의 있는, 속 검은, 적의
간, 사는 사람, 닭 따위의 간, 돼지 고성으로 있는
따위의 간, 송아지 따위의 간, 의 lover: 애호자, 연인, 애인, 찬미자, manage: 처리하다, 다루다, 조종하다,
생활을 하는 사람, 간장 색깔 문예 따위의 애호자 경영하다, 관리하다, 조교하다,
lo: 보라 loves: 사랑 취급하다, 헤쳐나가다, 먹다,
load: 짐, 하중, 적재량, 근심, lowermost: 최하의, 맨 밑바닥의, 어거하다, 어겨하다
섞음질을 하여 독하게 만들다, 최저의 mane: 갈기, 말이나 사자의 갈기
무거운 짐, 부담, 싣다, 무겁게 하다, lowest: 최하의, 최소의 manes: 조상의 영혼
부하, 총에 장전하다 lowing: 소의 울음소리 음매하고 manger: 여물통, 구유
loaded: 탄알을 잰, 감정적이 된, 납을 우는, 음매하고 우는, 소의 울음 소리 manhood: 남자임, 남자다움, 인간임,
박은, 짐실은, 취한, 화약을잰, 의미 luck: 행운, 불행히도, 운, 불운 성년 남자 전체, 남성기, 성년, 인격,
심장한, 다른 것을 섞은, 만취한, lull: 잠잠함, 달래다, 가라앉히다, 인성, 성인, 성인 남자
박은, 술 따위 다른 것을 섞은 진정시키다, 두절, 뜸함, 소강 상태, maniac: 미친, 미친 사람, 미치광이,
loathe: 몹시 싫어하다, 싫은 어르다, 자다, 잠깐 쉼, 가라앉다 미친 광이, 광란의
lock: 자물쇠, 챙겨넣다, 타래, lure: 매력, 유혹, 미끼, 유혹하다, manifold: 다양한, 다방면의, 복사를
끌어안다, 총기, 한 줌의털, 자물쇠를 불러들이다, 미끼새, 매를 뜨다, 여러가지의, 다수의, 사본,
채우다, 제륜장차, 가두다, 불러들이다, 매혹 다양성, 복사 지로 복사한 사본,
고착시키다, 자물쇠가 채워지다 luscious: 맛있는, 보기에 즐거운, 복사기로 복사한 사본
lofty: 거만한, 고상한, 당당한, 지루한, 감미로운, 맛이 단, 색이 mankind: 남성, 인간, 인류
치속은, 대단히 높은, 숭고한, 칙칙한 manner: 방법, 방식, 풍습, 태도,
거드럭거리는, 매우 높은 lust: 육욕, 열망, 색정, 강한 욕망, 다소, 작풍, 예절, 양식, 생활 양식,
loin: 허리, 허리 고기, 허리부분, 갈망, 열망하다, 색욕을 일으키다, 종류, 예의
짐승의 허리 고기 갈망하다 mansion: 대저택, 성수, 아파트
loins: 허리, 허리부분 lustily: 튼튼하게 mansions: 아파트
lone: 외로운, 쓸쓸한, 고독한 lusty: 튼튼한, 원기 왕성한 mantle: 덮개, 맨틀, 망토, 덮다,
lonely: 쓸쓸한, 고립한, 고독한, lycia: 러시아 여자의 소매 없는 외투, 망토로 싸다,
외톨이, 외로운, 인적이 드문, lying: 거짓말의, 거짓말쟁이의, 벽난로 선반, 벽난로의 앞장식,
고독하게 드러눕기, 거짓말하기, 거짓말하는, 액체에 더껑이가 앉다, 더껑이가
longing: 갈망, 갈망하는, 사모, 고대, 드러누워 있는 앉다
고향을 몹시 그리워하고 있다, lyre: 리라, 서정시, 거문고, 고대 mar: 망쳐놓다, 손상시키다, 흠내다,
그리움 갈망하는, 동경, 몹시 그리스의 리라, 거문고 별자리 번지 레지스터, 흠을 내다
그리워하는 mace: 권표, 최루 신경 가스, 갈고리 marble: 대리석, 공기돌, 조각, 대리석
loo: 카드놀이의 일종, 화장실 철퇴, 육두구 껍질을 말린 향료, 무늬를 넣다, 대리석제, 책 가장자리
lookout: 관심사, 감시, 전망, 경계망, 지대지 핵 유도탄, 불능 화학제, 직장 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 종이
전도, 조망, 망보기, 감시소, 임무 당구봉, 메이스, 끝이 납작한 공을 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다,
loom: 베틀, 직기, 어렴풋이 보다, 치는 막대, 메이스로 공격하다, 아이들의 공기돌, 비누 따위를
어렴풋이 나타나다, 어렴풋이 철퇴의 일종 대리석 무늬로 하다, 대리석 무늬로
나타남, 불안스럽게 다가오다, 위험 mad: 미친, 무모한, 열중한, 들떠서 하다, 대리석의 조각물
따위가 불안스럽게 다가오다, 흥청거리는, 공수병에 걸린, 미친 것 mare: 바다, 암말, 암컷, 말 따위의
직조기, 걱정거리 따위가 같은, 성난, 열광한, 분노 암컷
 Homer 399
marine: 바다의, 선박, 해운의, measure: 법안, 치수, 운율, 한도, 성미
선박용의, 바다에 사는, 해사의, 측정, 측량, 척도, 수단, 크기, 박자, mid: 중앙의, 중간의, 중부의, 중순
거짓말도 작작 해라, 함대, 해병대, 표준 midday: 정오, 대낮, 대낮의
해운력, 한 나라의 선박 measured: 신중한, 정확히 잰, middlemost: 한가운데의, 한복판의,
marked: 현저한, 기호가 붙은, 눈에 정연한, 고려한, 표준에입각한, 한 가운데의, 제일 한가운데의
띄는, 저명한, 두드러진, 기호가 정확하게잰, 율동적인, 박자가맞는, midriff: 횡경막, 횡격막
있는, 주의를 끄는, 표가 있는 박자가 맞는, 알맞은, 운을 다는 midst: 한가운데, 중앙
marrow: 골수, 순수한, 정수, 서양 meat: 고기, 식사, 음식, 살, 알맹이, midway: 중도의, 복도, 통로,
호박, 원기, 자양이 풍부한 음식 음식물, 식용 짐승고기 오락장거리, 중간쯤에, 중도에
marry: 굳게 결합시키다, 와 meddle: 주물럭거리다, 참견하다, mien: 풍채, 태도
결혼하다, 결혼시키다, 결혼하다, 만지작거리다, 공연히 만지작거리다, mightily: 힘차게
꼬아 합치다, 밧줄 따위를 꼬아 간섭하다 mighty: 거대한, 강대한, 굉장한,
합치다, 시집가다, 의 결혼식을 meed: 보수, 포상, 당연히 받아야 할 힘센, 위대한, 몹시, 센, 물체가 센,
거행하다 것 사람이 센
marshal: 안내하다, 육군 원수, meekly: 온순하게, 유화하게 milk: 젖, 우유, 유체, 젖 모양의 액체,
의전관, 정렬하다, 경찰서장, 연방 melting: 녹는, 감상적인, 감동적인, 통신을 도청하다, 젖이 나다,
재판소의 집행관, 사법 비서관, 용해, 융해, 녹기 시작한, 전선에서 통신을 도청하다, 유제,
정렬시키다, 영국 문장원 총재, 녹기시작한, 누그러지게 하는, 유액, 에서 젖을 짜다, 에서 착취하다
시경찰서장, 모임의 접대계 부드러운, 상냥한, 감동시키는 millstone: 맷돌
marshy: 늪의, 소택이 많은, 늪 같은, memorial: 기념하는, 추도의 기억의, minded: 할 마음이 있는, 마음이
늪 습지대의, 늪 습지의, 늪에서 기념의, 각서, 기억의, 기념물, 있는, 한 마음의, 하고 싶은 마음이
나는, 늪이 많은 청원서 있는
marvel: 경이, 놀라운 것, 경탄, menacingly: 협박적으로 mindful: 주의 깊은, 마음에 두는,
놀라운 일, 불가사의하게 여기다, mend: 고치다, 개선하다, 정정하다, 유의하는
놀라다, 놀람 걸음을 빠르게 하다, 수선하다, 수선, minerva: 미네르바, 지혜의 여신
marvellous: 훌륭한, 불가사의한, 행실 따위를 고치다, 사태가 mingle: 섞다, 섞이다, 사귀다,
놀라운, 놀랄만한, 기이 호전되다, 개량하다, 꺼질듯한 불을 어울리다, 뒤섞이다
marvellously: 굉장하게, 신기할 만큼 살리다, 개심하다 mingled: 섞는, 뒤섞이는
masonry: 석조 건축, 프리메이슨 menelaus: 메넬라오스 minstrelsy: 음유 신인들, 음유시인의
조합, 석공직, 석공 직, 벽돌공사, mentor: 경험, 신용 있는 조언자, 연예, 음유악인의 연예
벽돌공 직, 콘크리트 공사, 멘토르, 좋은 조언자, 좋은 지도자 mire: 진흙, 수렁, 진창, 궁지,
콘크리트공 직, 돌공사 mercilessly: 무자비하게, 무정하게 진흙으로 더럽히다, 궁지에
mass: 덩어리, 미사, 다수, 집단, 다량, mercury: 수은, 머큐리신, 수은제, 몰아넣다, 진창에 빠지다
한 덩어리로 하다, 태반, 집중시키다, 웅변, 수성, 수은주, 숙련, 산쪽풀, mischief: 장난, 해, 손해, 위해, 고자,
질량, 매스, 크기 머큐리, 사자 익살, 재난의 씨, 장난꾸러기, 도대체
massive: 크고 무거운, 묵직한, mercy: 자비, 행운, 고마움, 연민 miserable: 비참한, 불쌍한, 초라한,
실팍한, 육중한, 덩어리 모양의, mere: 호수, 단순한, 에 불과한, 못, 딱한, 빈약한, 천박한
대량의, 대규모의, 당당한, 큼직한, 명색뿐인, 에 지나지 않는, 전적인 miserably: 비참하게, 불쌍하게,
굳센, 크고무거운 호수 형편없이, 비참할 만큼, 초라하게,
mast: 돛대, 마스트, 도토리, merrily: 즐겁게, 명랑하게, 흥겹게 지독히
평수부로서, 기둥, 돛대를 세우다, merry: 즐거운, 명랑한, 유쾌한, misery: 불행, 비참, 빈곤, 고통,
떡갈나무 따위의 열매, 너도밤나무 거나한, 흥겨운, 거나하게 취한 정신적 고통, 육체적 고통
따위의 열매, 모양의 기둥, 밤나무 기분의 misfortune: 불행, 불운, 재난
따위의 열매 mess: 혼란, 잡탕, 혼합식, 실책, 회식 misgiving: 의심, 불안, 걱정
masterful: 제멋대로 하는, 거드름 동료, 한끼분, 북새, 한 접시분의 mishap: 재난, 불행
부리는, 거만한, 남을 부리려 하는, 음식, 희식하다, 흩어져 어수선함, missing: 보이지 않는, 있어야 할
능란한, 명수의, 명인다운, 주인티를 흔란 곳에 없는, 행방 불명인, 없어진,
내는, 대가 다운, 건방진, 명인 다운 messenger: 심부름꾼, 선구, 연줄에 분실한, 행방불명의, 분실된
masters: 석사 달아 바람에 울게 하는 종이, 전조, mist: 안개, 어린아이, 조금, 적으나마
matrimonial: 결혼의, 부부의 사자 성의있는 기부, 아주작은것, 금액의
meadow: 목초지, 강변의 낮은 풀밭 metal: 금속, 밤자갈, 소질, 레일, 에 단위, 소액, 흐림, 이슬비가 내리다,
meal: 식사, 거칠게 간 곡식, 굵은 금속을 입히다, 궤조, 도로에 까는 안개로 덮다, 안개가 덮이다
가루, 한 끼, 식사시간, 한끼, 자갈, 도로에 자갈을 깔다, 자갈을 mistake: 잘못 생각하다, 틀리다,
일회분의 착유량, 곡물의 체에 치지 깔다, 지금 오해, 잘못, 오해하다, 그르치다,
않은 굵은 가루, 한끼 분, 체에 치지 mete: 재다, 할당하다, 경계석, 경계, 착각하다
않은 굵은 가루 주다, 경계석표, 보수 따위를 mistress: 정부, 애인, 여교사, 주부,
meanwhile: 그동안, 그 동안에, 할당하다, 상벌 따위를 할당하다 부인, 여지배자, 여주인, 연인, 여왕,
이야기는 바뀌어, 한편 이야기는 meteor: 유성, 대기현상 한 집안의 안 주인, 주인
바뀌어 mettle: 용기, 기질, 정열, 성질, 열정, mix: 섞다, 사귀게하다, 혼합하다,
 400 The Iliad
혼란, 난투, 혼동하다, 혼합, 혼합물, mound: 석가산, 작은 언덕, 투수판, narrow: 제한된, 해협, 좁히다,
혼합해서 만들다, 인스턴트 식품, 흙무덤, 둑, 둑덕지게 하다 좁아지다, 가는, 가까스로의, 마음이
섞이다 mount: 언덕, 산, 대지, 오르다, 궁, 좁은, 한정된, 좁은, 협로, 하협
mixed: 남녀 혼합의, 섞인, 혼합된, 타다, 박다, 보석의 대좌, 붙이다, narrowly: 좁게, 간신히, 가까스로,
혼성의, 남녀 혼성의, 머리가 앉히다, 포가 편협하게, 엄밀히, 정밀하게, 도량이
혼란해진, 여러 잡다한 인간으로 mountain: 산, 산더미 같은, 좁게
이루어진 산더미처럼 큰 것, 산악당, native: 원주민, 토착의, 자기나라의,
mixing: 혼성, 음량조정, 믹싱, 음량 프랑스사의 산악당 출생의, 타고난, 미개인, 그 지방
조정, 영상 조정 mounted: 기동력이 있는, 기마의, 고유의, 토착의 동식물,
moan: 신음하다, 한탄하다, 말탄, 박힌, 붙박이한, 대를 붙인, 오스트레일리아 태생의 백인,
끙끙거리다, 신음, 슬픔의 신음, 불행 말에 탄, 자전거에 탄, 탈것에 탄, 토인의, 양식한 영국산굴
따위를 한탄하다, 고통의 신음, 신음 계획되어 있는 naught: 무, 제로, 무가치한, 영, 나쁜,
소리 mounting: 포가, 설치, 마구, 박제, 무용의, 망한, 무가치, 붕괴한,
mock: 모조의, 조소하다, 우롱, 장비, 총가, 대포 따위의 설치 사악한, 아무것도 아님
흉내내어 우롱하다, 조소의 대상, mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, nave: 바퀴통, 본당, 중앙부, 회중석,
조롱하다, 무시하다-조소의 대상, 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, 교회당 안의 본당, 차의 바퀴통
무시하다, 모방, 흉내내어 우룡하다, 탄식하다 navel: 배꼽, 중앙, 중심, 네이블,
모조품 mourning: 상, 애도, 슬픔, 상복, 비탄 배꼽의
moisten: 습하게 하다, 적시다, mow: 베다, 건초 곳간, 건초 더미, nay: 아니, 거절, 반대 투표, 거부, 그
축축하게 하다, 습기차다 깎다, 쓰러뜨리다, 건초 두는 곳, 뿐만아니라, 불가능하다, 그렇기는
moisture: 습기, 수분 더미, 마른 곡식의 더미, 마른 풀의 커녕, 그렇기는 하나, 라기보다는,
monger: 상인, 상, 장수 더미, 무차별하게 대량살육하다, 반대, 뿐만아니라
monster: 괴물, 거수, 도깨비, 거대한, 보리 따위를 베다 necessity: 필수품, 궁핍, 필요,
악독한 사람, 악독한 사람-거대한, mown: 나우의 과거 분사 필요성, 필연, 필요물, 불가피,
괴상한 모양을 한 것, 극악 무도한 mt: 쾌속 어뢰정, 타는 말, 언덕, 대지, 긴급한 필요, 궁상, 궁경, 불가결한
사람, 슈퍼스타 가수, 신경 중추에 산 것
작용하는 마약 mud: 진흙, 보수적이다, 발전이 없다, neck: 목, 지협, 목의 길이, 옷깃,
monstrous: 거대한, 기괴한, 진창 해협, 좁은곳, 서로 목을 껴안고
괴물같은, 극악 무도한, 어처구니 mule: 노새, 잡종, 고집쟁이, 슬리퍼, 애무하다, 목옷깃, 목부분, 목덜미살,
없는, 괴이한, 대단히 얼간이, 외고집쟁이, 뒤축 없는 목덜미 살
monument: 기념비, 기념물, 기념관, 슬리퍼, 동식물의 잡종, 뮬 정방기 nectar: 넥타, 감로, 꽃의 꿀, 달콤한
기념문, 기념상, 문서, 불후의 업적, multiply: 곱하다, 번식하다, 늘리다, 음료, 신들의 술, 신주과즙, 미주
경계표, 기념탑, 불후의 저작, 런던 번식시키다, 증가시키다 needy: 매우 가난한, 궁핍한 사람들,
대화재의 기념탑 multitude: 다수, 군중 가난한, 아주 가난한
mood: 기분, 법, 마음, 음계법, murderer: 살인자, 모살자 neglect: 태만, 게을리하다, 소홀,
시무룩함, 선법, 서법, 일시적인 murderous: 살인의, 잔인한, 무시하다, 무시, 하지 않다,
기분, 변덕스러움, 방법, 논식 살인적인 태만하여, 소홀히하다, 부주의한,
moon: 달, 멍하니 시간을 보내다, murmur: 시내의 졸졸거리는 소리, 경시하다, 간과하다
위성-멍하니 바라보다, 위성, 멍하니 속삭임, 불평, 파도의 출렁거리는 neglected: 게을리한
바라보다, 행성의 위성, 초승달 소리, 졸졸 소래내다, 웅성대다, 중얼 neighbour: 동포, 이웃의, 이웃하다,
모양의 것, 월광, 빈둥거리다, 멍하니 거림, 투덜거리다, 투덜거리다-중얼 같은 종류끼리서로 이웃하는 것,
보내다, 일개월 거림, 속삭이다, 나뭇잎 따위의 서로 이웃하는 것, 이웃 사람
moreover: 더욱이, 그 위에 살랑거리는 소리 neptune: 해왕성, 바다의 신, 대양,
morn: 아침 muse: 시적 영감, 시심, 심사 넵투누스
morsel: 소량, 한조각, 한입, 한 입, 묵고하다, 골똘이 바라보다, 명상에 nerve: 신경, 용기, 잎맥, 기력,
음식물의 한 입 잠기다, 시인, 뮤즈 의 신, 뮤즈신, 뻔뻔스러움, 근원, 담력, 날개맥,
mortal: 치명적인, 인간의, 인간, 숙고하다, 시신, 생각에 잠기면서 정력, 중추, 우울
불치의, 길고 긴, 생각할 수 있는, 말하다 nerved: 대담한, 신경이..한, 잎맥이
지루한, 죽어야 할, 죽어야 할 것, mycenae: 미케네 있는, 활기있는
사람, 가능한-죽어야 할 것 myrmidon: 앞잡이, 졸개, 부하, 수하, net: 올가미, 그물, 정가, 함정, 그물을
motion: 움직임, 동작, 신청, 몸짓, 미르미돈 치다, 정량, 그물로 잡다, 순량, 순익,
움직이지 않는, 의회 등에서의 동의, naked: 적나라한, 벌거벗은, 잎이 네트, 에누리 없는 정미
정지한, 동의, 제의, 운동, 운전 없는, 무방비의, 있는 그대로의, nether: 아래의, 지하의, 지옥의
mould: 지면, 옥토, 곰팡이, 거푸집, 꾸밈없는, 안경등에 의존하지 않은, never-ending: 끝없는
틀에 넣어 만든 것, 형, 본뜨다, 벌거숭이의, 드러난, 나체의, 가리개 newly: 다시, 새로이, 최근에, 요즈음,
부식토, 성격을 형성하다, 성질, 양토 없는 최근
mouldy: 진부한, 곰팡이 같은, 나쁜, named: 유명한, 지명된, 지정의 nigh: 인색한, 가까운, 근친의, 바람을
곰팡난, 곰팡이가 핀, 지겨운, 질이 namely: 즉, 말하자면 옆으로 받으며, 아주 비슷한,
나쁜 nape: 목덜미 아슬아슬한, 시간적으로 가까이,
 Homer
시간 따위 가까운, 이해 관계가 깊은, 이름도 없는 존재, 무명, 별볼일 없는
왼쪽인, 정밀하게 numerous: 다수의, 곡조가 아름다운,
nights: 밤마다, 밤에 많은, 셀수 없이 많은, 수많은
nimble: 재빠른, 영리한, 현명한, nurse: 간호하다, 유모, 젖을 먹이다,
잘된, 민첩한, 빈틈없는, 잘 생각해 젖을 먹다, 보모, 공을 모아놓기,
낸, 재주있는, 융통성있는, 재치있는, 간호사로 일하다, 간호사로서
재치가 풍부한 근무하다, 간호인, 보호목, 보호하다
nineteen: 열아홉, 십구, 십구의 nursing: 육아, 양육하는, 양육받는,
ninety: 세기의 구십년대, 아흔, 젖먹이기, 보육, 병구완간호,
구십의, 아흔의, 구십 간호하는, 간호사의일, 양육되는,
ninth: 아홉번째로, 제 9, 제구, 육아 업무, 직업으로서의 육아 업무
제구의, 제구번째의 사람, nymph: 아름다운 소녀, 님프,
제구번째의 것, 제구번째의, 제구로, 어린벌레, 님프같은, 강, 애벌레,
제 9의, 구도, 아홉분의 하나의 요정
nipple: 젖꼭지, 고무 젖꼭지, 그리스 oak: 떡갈나무, 오크나무, 오크의,
주입구, 젖꼭지 모양으로 생긴것, 오크의 잎, 오크제의, 오크 재목의
파이프 이음쇠, 젖꼭지 모양의 것 제품
noble: 고귀한, 훌륭한, 귀족, 고결한, oaken: 떡갈나무제의, 오크재의
귀중한, 당당한, 숭고한, 유명한, oath: 맹세, 선서, 저주, 신의 이름을
뛰어난, 독선가, 노블금화파업 남용하기, 욕설
파괴지도자 obedience: 복종, 귀의, 교회의 권위,
noise: 소음, 잡음, 소리, 평판, 소리를 지배
내다, 시끄러움, 야단, 떠들다, 소란, obedient: 순종하는, 유순한,
소문을 내다, 소문을 퍼뜨리다 고분고분한
noisome: 해로운, 싫은, 불쾌한, obey: 복종하다, 시키는대로
악취가나는 움직이다, 명령대로 복종하다, 에
nonsense: 무의미한 말, 어리석은 복종하다
생각, 어리석은, 시시한 것, 의시, observance: 준수, 습관, 규율, 지켜야
허튼소리, 넌센스시, 어리석은 말, 할 의식, 경의, 관찰, 의식, 관찰력,
무의미한, 어리석은 행위넌센스, 이행
되지 않은 소리 occasion: 기회, 일으키다, 원인,
nook: 피난처, 구석, 외딴곳, 특수한 경우, 이유, 근거, 용무, 때,
구석구석진 곳, 숨는 곳, 은신처 유인, 특별한 사건, 특정한 때
noon: 정오, 정오의, 전성기, 점심을 occupied: 점령된, 에 종사하고 있는,
먹다, 한밤중, 한낮, 야반, 결정, 낮 가득차 있는
휴식을 취하다절정에 달하다, ocean: 대양, 끝없이 넓음, 막대한 양,
정오에 하는, 최고점 많음, 양
noontide: 전성기, 정오, 정오의 oceanus: 오세아노스
northward: 북방, 북을 향하여, odds: 가망, 우열의 차, 차이, 가능성,
북쪽으로, 북쪽으로의, 북, 북을향한, 불평등, 상대방보다 돈을 더 많이
북으로 향한, 북쪽으로 향해서, 걸기, 싸움, 은혜, 내기에서
북쪽으로 향한, 북으로 향해서 상대방보다 돈을 더 많이 걸기
nose: 코, 돌출부, 후각, 전진하다, oedipus: 어머니를 아내로 한
냄새맡다, 코를 비벼대다, 찾다, 그리스의 왕, 모르고 아버지를
냄새를 맡아내다, 직각적 식별력, 죽이고, 오이디푸스
냄새 맡다, 잡이 offal: 겨, 기울, 부스러기, 찌꺼기,
notch: 단, 오늬, 급, 애로, 새긴 금, 찌꺼기 고기, 하치 생선
산길, 꿰다, 기록하다, 벤자리, 재다, offend: 싫은, 감정을 해치다, 죄를
금을 그어 기록하다 범하다, 예의 따위를 위반하다, 죄를
noted: 유명한, 저명한, 악보가 붙은 짓게 하다, 정의감 따위를
notify: 통지하다, 공고하다, 손상시키다, 감정을 상하게 하다,
통보하다, 공시하다, 발표하다, 위반하다, 감각 따위를 손상시키다,
신고하다, 계출하다, 정식으로 과오를 범하다, 남의 감정을 상하게
통지하다, 정식으로 통보하다 하다
notwithstanding: 에도 불구하고, offending: 불쾌한
그런데도 불구하고, 할지라도, offering: 헌금, 봉납, 헌납, 선물,
불구하고, 한데, 그럼에도 불구하고, 제의, 신청, 제공, 봉납물, 연보,
함에도 불구하고, 이라 할지라도 매출, 제공 작품
nowhere: 시시한, 어딘지 모르는 곳, offing: 난바다
401
offshoot: 지맥, 지류, 분지, 파생물,
씨족의 갈라짐, 갈라짐, 곁가지
offspring: 자식, 자손, 결과
ofttimes: 가끔, 왕왕, 자주, 종종
oiled: 기름을 바른, 기름에 적신,
기름을 칠한, 얼근히 취한, 취한,
얼큰히 취한, 기름에 담근, 기름을
먹인
ointment: 연고
olive: 올리브색, 올리브, 올리브
나무, 올리브 열매, 올리브의,
올리브나무, 올리브나무의 가지,
올리브 빛깔, 어린아이, 얇게 썬
쇠고기를 야채에 싸서 찐 요리,
올리브 빛깔의
olympian: 올림푸스산의, 하늘의,
올림픽 대회 출전 선수,
올림푸스산의 신, 당당한, 올림포스
산의, 올림포스 제신의, 올림포스의
제신, 올림포스 산의 십이신의 하나,
올림포스 산에 살던 그리스의 제신,
올림픽 경기의
olympus: 올림푸스산, 하늘,
올림포스 산, 신들이 사는 하늘
omen: 전조
onion: 양파, 양파냄새, 머리가 돈,
인간, 눈을 양파로 비벼서 눈물나게
하다, 양파로 비벼서 눈물나게 하다
onset: 개시, 공격, 습격
onslaught: 맹공격
onward: 전방으로, 전방에, 전진의,
전진적인
onwards: 전방으로의, 전방으로
opening: 개시, 열기, 개시의, 광장,
구멍, 취직자리, 통로, 개통, 서두,
숲속의 공지, 틈
openly: 공공연하게, 터놓고,
숨김없이, 공공연히, 솔직하게
openmouthed: 욕심 사나운,
시끄러운, 입을 벌린
opportunely: 마침 좋은 시기에
opposed: 반대의, 적대하는, 대립된,
반대하는
opposite: 반대의, 역의, 반대의 것,
마주보는, 의 맞은쪽의, 반대쪽에,
반대쪽의, 반대자, 대생의, 정반대
말, 반대 사람
oppress: 압박하다, 압제하다,
우울하게 하다, 에게 압박감을 주다,
에게 답답한 느낌을 주다
oracle: 신탁, 현인, 사람, 철인,
오러클, 신명
orator: 연설자, 웅변가
orb: 천체, 구체, 구, 눈알, 세계, 안구,
눈, 공 모양으로 하다, 보주
orchard: 과수원, 과수원의 전체 과수
ordain: 신, 운명이 정하다, 규정하다,
지시하다, 신 따위가 정하다, 운명
따위가 정하다, 성직자를 임명하다,
 402 The Iliad
정하다, 임명하다 극복해 내다 포장하다, 꾸러미, 꾸리다, 일당,
ordered: 정연한, 질서 바른, 정돈된 overhead: 머리 위의, 전반적인, 짐짝, 묶음, 짐을 꾸리다, 운송용의
orderly: 전령, 순종하는, 순서바른, 경상비, 위층에, 고가의, 상공에, packed: 만원의, 꽉 찬, 가 가득
명령의, 연락병, 유순한, 순서 바른, 위로, 총경비, 일반의, 간접비, 채워진
규율이 바른, 당번병 라켓을 사용하는 경기의 머리 paean: 승리의 노래, 찬가, 기쁨의
orders: 명령, 성직 위에서 내려치는 타구 노래, 승리 감사의 노래,
orion: 오리온, 오리온 자리, 오리온 overjoyed: 기쁨에 넘친, 매우 아폴로신에게 바친 승리 감사의
별자리 기뻐하는 노래
ornament: 장식품, 장식, 광채를 overlaid: 과거분사형, 의 과거 paeon: 사음절의 운각
더하는 사람, 꾸미다, 꾸밈음, overleap: 빠뜨리다, 뛰어넘다, pained: 아파하는, 감정이 상한, 싱처
예배용품, 빛을 더해주는 것, 빛을 생략하다 입은, 화난
더해주는 사람, 장식하다, 교회의 overpower: 압도하다, 깊이 painful: 아픈, 괴로운, 쓰라린,
예배용품 감동시키다, 이겨내다, 지우다, 보다 고통스럽게, 애써서
ought: 영, 하기로 되어있다, 해야만 강한 힘으로 지우다, 보다 강한 painless: 공들인, 부지런한, 수고,
한다, 하기로 되어 있다, 빚이 있다, 힘으로 상대를 지우다, 상대를 힘드는, 고심, 고통이 없는, 아픔이
하여야 한다, 지고 있다, 의무를 지고 지우다 없는
있다, 을 지불할 의무가 있다, 을 overreach: 지나쳐 가다, 퍼지다, pains: 고생
반제할 의무가 있다, 일 것이다 속이다, 두루 미치다, 감쪽 같이 pair: 한 쌍, 부부, 한자루, 두 필의 말,
ours: 우리의 것, 우리의 가족, 우리의 속이다, 남을 감쪽 같이 속이다, 둘이 한 쌍, 약혼한 남녀, 한 쪽, 한
연대 따위, 우리의 임무, 우리의 회사 지나치게 뻗다, 손발 따위를 쌍의 남녀, 한 쌍이 되다, 한 쌍으로
ourselves: 우리자신, 우리 스스로, 지나치게 뻗다, 지나쳐 넘다 하다, 한쪽
우리들 자신에게, 우리들 자신을, override: 짓밟다, 이겨내다, palace: 궁전, 큰 저택, 측근의,
평상시의 우리들, 평소의 우리들 무시하다, 타고 넘다, 말을 타고 궁전의, 훌륭한 저택, 궁정의
outdone: 의 과거분사 가다, 무효로 함, 보다 우선하다, 유력자들
outer: 바깥쪽의, 외면의, 밖의, 과녁 보다 우월하다, 보수, 세일즈맨의 pale: 창백한, 창백하게 하다, 엷게
밖, 표적의 중심권 이외의 부분, 매상고에 따라 총대리점에 수수료를 하다, 어슴푸레한, 엷은, 경계,
중심권 이외의 부분, 객관적인 지불하다, 어떤 장소를 말을 타고 창백해지다, 한계, 중앙의 세로줄
outermost: 정상의, 맨 뒤의, 맨 가다 무늬, 어둠침침한, 약한
꼭대기의, 가장 밖의, 가장 먼, 가장 overshadow: 에 그림자를 던지다, pall: 물리다, 관 덮는 천, 관 씌우개로
바깥쪽의 무색하게 만들다, 그늘지게 하다 덮다, 맛이 없어지다, 막, 음침한 막,
outlaw: 무법자, 상습범, 법률의 overtake: 갑자기 덮쳐오다, 에 관 덮는 보, 싫증이 나게 하다
보호를 빼앗긴 사람, 비합법적으로 뒤따라 미치다, 만회하다, 뒤떨어진 palm: 손바닥, 승리, 우승하다,
하다, 법률의 보호를 빼앗다, 추방자, 일 따위를 만회하다, 상회하다, 을 종려나무의 가지, 종려, 장갑의
법률상의 보호를 박탈당한 사람, 뒤따라 잡다, 재난 따위가 손바닥, 야자, 손바닥 모양의 부분,
법률상의 은전을 박탈당한 사람, 엄습해오다, 차가 추월을 하다, 속여서 안기다, 수척, 종려나무
불량배, 사회에서 추방된 사람, 에 추월을 하다, 추월하다, 폭풍우 panic: 공황적인, 공황, 열광케 하다,
대하여 법률의 효력을 소멸시키다 따위가 엄습해오다 당황, 낭패, 낭패의, 공포, 당황하다,
outrage: 폭행, 범하다, 격분, 윤리 overthrow: 뒤집어 엎다, 전복, 파괴, 목신 팬의, 갈팡질팡하다, 당찮은
따위를 어기다, 에게 폭행하다, 타도하다, 타도, 전복시키다, 정복 panic-stricken: 공황에 휩쓸린
어기다, 법률 따위를 어기다, 불법, overweening: 교만한, 뽐내는, panoply: 갑주 한 벌, 완전한 장비,
불법적인 행동, 격분시키다 자부심이 강한 갑옷의 한 벌, 투구의 한 벌
outvie: 에 경쟁해서 이기다, owe: 빚이 있다, 빚지고 있다, 은혜를 pant: 열망하다, 헐떡이다, 확 내뿜다,
경쟁에서 이기다, 경쟁에서 입고 있다, 을 반제할 의무가 있다, 숨이 참, 두근거리다, 동계, 헐떡임,
능가하다 을 지불할 의무가 있다, 의무를 지고 바지의, 헐떡거리다, 갈망하다,
outwit: 손수치다, 의 허를 찌르다, 의 있다, 지고 있다 헐떡거리며 말하다
의표를 찌르다 owing: 빚지고 있는, 지불해야 할, 에 panther: 표범, 퓨마, 아메리카 표범,
overall: 전반적인, 끝에서 끝까지의, 기인하는 싸구려술, 흑표범당원
작업용 바지, 끝에서 끝까지, 끝에서 owned: 이 소유하는 parch: 볶다, 타다, 태우다, 바싹 마른,
끝까지 전부의, 노동용 겉옷, owner: 임자, 소유자, 화주 바싹 마리다, 바싹 말리다, 바짝
더러워짐 따위를 막기 위한 ox: 수소, 소 마르다
가슴받이가 있는 바지, 전부의, oxen: 소의 복수형 parched: 목이 마른, 목마른, 구운,
전체로, 전체로서, 가슴받이가 있는 oxhide: 쇠가죽 바짝 마른, 볶은, 지면 따위 말라
바지 pace: 속도, 걷는 속도, 보폭, 보조, 있는, 말라 있는, 목이 칼칼하게 마른
overcome: 이겨내다, 극복하다, 대속으로가다, 진도, 한 걸음, 걸음, pard: 동아리, 짝패, 표범
압도하다, 지치다, 곤란 따위를 포족, 발걸음, 포족걷다 parent: 조상, 모체, 근원, 어미,
이겨내다, 약화시키다, 극복해 내다, pacify: 달래다, 평화를 수립하다, 어버이, 원인, 부모, 부모의, 원인이
나쁜 버릇 따위를 이겨내다, 나쁜 가라앉히다, 가라않히다 되는 것
버릇 따위를 극복해 내다, 곤란 pacing: 보측 parentage: 가문, 혈통, 태생, 부모임
따위를 극복해 내다, 적 따위를 pack: 싸다, 짐을 지우다, 다발, paris: 파리, 프랑스의 수도, 파리스
 Homer 403
parted: 나뉜, 부분으로 나뉜, pelasgian: 펠라스기족 pierce: 통찰하다, 감동시키다,
흐트러진, 갈라진 pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한, 관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 에스며들다-
parting: 이별, 고별, 나누는, 출발, 엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 들어가다, 에 구멍을 뚫다, 돌입하다,
분리, 별세, 고별의, 떠나가는, 머리 가다 꿰찌르다, 고함 소시 다위가
따위의 가리마, 저물어 가는, 이별의 pent: 다섯의 뜻의 결합사, 갇힌 날카롭게 울리다, 고함 소리 따위가
partnership: 합명회사, 조합, 상사, perchance: 아마, 우연히, 어쩌면 날카롭게 울리다, 에 구멍을 둠다
공동, 협력, 공동협력, 조합 영어, perfectly: 완전히, 더할 나위 없이, piercer: -하는 사람, 곤충의 산란관,
조합계약, 조합 계약 몹시, 굉장히, 더할 나위없이, 매우, 꿰뚫는 사람, 찌르는 사람, 찌르는
passage: 통로, 여행, 통행권, 통행, 이상적으로, 완전하게, 아주 것, 날카로운 눈, 꿰뚫는 것, 구멍
뱃삯, 격투, 밀담, 진행, 논쟁, perforce: 부득이, 무리하게, 뚫는 기구, 곤충의 방란관, 방란관
출입구, 통과 필연적으로, 억지로 piercing: 꿰찌르는, 날카로운, 뼈에
passing: 통행하는, 합격의, 대충의, perform: 연주하다, 성취하다, 사무치는, 통찰력 있는, 꿰뚫는
목전의, 삽시간의, 소멸, 통행, 실행하다, 하다, 실행자, 연주자, pigeon: 비둘기, 속기 쉬운 사람, 을
통과하는, 통과, 의안 따위의 통과, 행하다, 공연하다, 극을 공연하다, 사취하다
사건 따위의 발생 약속 따위를 이행하다, 동물이 pile: 전퇴, 솜털, 양털, 말뚝 박기, 큰
passion: 열정, 격정, 정욕, 정열, 재주를 부리다 말뚝, 대건축물, 보풀, 재산,
수난, 감정의 폭발, 울화, 수동, performing: 공연을 요하는, 실행할 축적하다, 전지, 원자로-쌓아 올리다
열렬한 사랑, 감탄하는 것, 열망하는 수 있는, 재주 부릴 수 있는, 재주 pillar: 기둥, 주석, 기둥 모양의 것,
것 부릴줄 아는, 실행하는, 성취할 수 기둥 모양의 우체통, 기둥으로
passionate: 열렬한, 감정적인, 감정에 있는 받치다, 붉은 기둥 모양의 우체통
지배되는, 성 잘 내는, 열렬하다, perfumed: 방향을 내는, 에 향수를 pilot: 조종사, 지도자, 수로 안내인,
열렬하는, 인정에 무른, 화내기 쉬운 뿌리는 지도하다, 키잡이, 도선사, 예비거인,
passionately: 열렬히, 격노하여, peril: 위험, 위험에 빠뜨리다, 모험 안내의, 비행기를 조종하다,
격심하게 perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 비행기를 조종하다-시험적인,
pasture: 방목하다, 목장, 목초, 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, 시험적인
목초지, 야구장, 야구장의 외야, 풀을 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 pin: 다리, 핀, 못, 병모양의 표주,
뜯어먹다, 방목장, 가축을 방목하다 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, 밧줄을 비끄러매는 말뚝, 볼링핀,
patient: 환자, 인내력이 강한, 근면한, 의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다 장식 핀, 줄조르개, 못바늘, 노받이,
병자, 의사쪽에서 보아서 환자, perished: 매우 곤란한, 지친, 하찮은 것-핀을 꽂다
인내심이 강한, 허용하는, 참을성이 초췌해진 pine: 소나무, 수척해지다, 갈망하다,
있는, 참을성이 강한, 인내심이 있는 perishing: 몹시, 지독하게, 추위 따위 그재목, 몹시 그리다, 애타게 그리다
patroness: 후원자의 여성형 혹독한, 죽는 pinnacle: 높은 곳에 두다, 높은
pause: 휴지, 중지, 단락, 휴지 하다, perjure: 위증하다, 거짓 맹세한, 산봉우리, 작은 뾰족탑, 작은 뽀족탑,
머뭇거리다, 지체, 일시적인 중지, 위증자, 거짓 맹세하다, 위서하다 작은 첨탑, 첨탑에 설치하다
휴지하다, 구절, 일시 중지 permit: 허락하다, 가능하게 하다, pipes: 기관
paved: 포장된 가능하게하다, 면허, 하게 내버려 pit: 씨, 함정, 지옥, 구덩이, 곰보를
paying: 지불하는 지불, 지불하는 두다, 허가, 여유가 있다, 용납하다, 만들다, 아래층 뒤쪽 좌석, 채굴장,
돈이 벌리는, 수지가 맞은, 지불하는, 허가증 움푹한 곳, 얽은 자국, 싸움 붙이기,
돈이 벌리는 perseus: 페르세우스자리, 메두사를 구덩이를 만들다
payment: 지불, 납입, 납부, 보수, 퇴치한 영웅, 페르세우스 pitch: 던지다, 고정 위치, 투구,
불입, 지급, 지불 금액, 결제, 변제 persistently: 부득부득 투구하다, 피치, 수지, 송진, 아래로
peaceably: 평화롭게 persuade: 납득시키다, 주장하다, 기울다, 치다, 투수를 맡다, 뒷질하다
peak: 첨단, 봉우리, 뾰족한, 최고점, 설복하다, 설득하다 piteous: 애처로운, 불쌍한
산꼭대기, 챙, 앞챙, 산꼬대기, persuasion: 설득, 확신, 종류, 종파, piteously: 가련하게
돌출부, 피크, 사형의 앞쪽 끝 신념, 종지 pitiable: 비천한, 가엾은
peer: 동등한 사람, 귀족, 동배, pestilence: 페스트, 평화를 파괴하는, pitiful: 불쌍한, 인정 많은, 비루한,
응시하다, 보이기 시작하다, 치명적인, 악성 유행병, 성가신 가련하게 여겨야 할, 인정이 많은,
희미하게 나타나다, 비길 데 없는, pestilent: 전염하는, 치명적인, 불쌍히 여겨야 할, 동정심이 많은
상원 의원, 동료, 에 필적하다, 해로운, 귀찮은, 위험한, 사회적으로 pitiless: 무정한, 무자비한
자세히 들여다보다 위험한, 성가신 pity: 동정, 연민, 애석한 일, 가엾게
peeress: 귀족 부인, 여자 귀족, 작위 phalanx: 방진, 지골, 결사, 밀집대, 여기다, 유감의 원인-가엾게 여기다,
있는 사람의 부인 밀집 대형 가엾게 생각하다, 불쌍히 생각하다,
peerless: 비길 데 없이, 유례없는, phoebus: 태양, 태양신, 해, 포이보스 불쌍함
무쌍의, 비길 데 없는, 비할 데 없는, phoenix: 불사조, 봉황새, 피닉스, pitying: 동정하는, 불쌍히 여기는
비길데 없는 대천재, 봉황, 봉황새 별자리 plague: 역병, 천재, 괴롭히다, 재해,
peg: 안정시키다, 부지런히 일하다, phrygia: 프리지아 귀찮은 일, 성가신 사람, 천벌, 말썰-
줄조르개, 나무못, 마개, 이유, 위가 physician: 의사, 내과 의사 역병에 걸리게 하다, 역병에 걸리게
넓고 아래가 좁아진, 겨누다, 공 picked: 정선한, 깨끗이 한, 쥐어뜯는 하다, 페승, 재화 따위를 당하게 하다
따위를 던지다, 급, 나무로 만든 의족 pieces: 산산조각 plain: 명백한, 평이한, 쉬운, 보통의,
 404 The Iliad
솔직한, 소박한, 평탄한, 단순한, 연기나 구름 따위의 기둥, 영예 표시, 일하다, 공 치는 사람, 꾸물거리며
예쁘지 않은, 무늬없는, 평지 깃 모양의 털, 새가 깃털을 다듬다, 하는 일, 놓는 사람, 놓는 물건
plainly: 솔직하게, 명백히, 검소하게, 깃털로 꾸미다, 깃털로 장식하다, pounce: 급습, 지림분, 붙잡으려
간소하게, 뚜렷하게 다듬다, 명예 표시 들다, 갑자기 덮치다, 갑자기
plains: 평지, 야지 plunder: 약탈, 약탈하다, 착복하다, 덮치다-붙잡으려 덤벼듦, 붙잡으려
plaintive: 애처로운, 슬픈, 슬픈 듯한 약탈품, 노략질하다, 사람들로부터 덤벼듦, 남의 결점 따위를 심하게
planting: 심기, 파종, 식수 조림, 기초 물건을 약탈하다, 장소로부터 책망하다, 잘못 따위를 심하게
밑층, 재배 물건을 약탈하다 책망하다, 갑자기 달려들다,
plate: 감광판, 금속판, 전기판으로 plunge: 돌진, 돌진하다, 다이빙하다, 달려들어 붙들다, 심하게 책망하다
하다, 판금으로 덮다, 도판, 접시, 던져넣다, 뒷질하다, 뛰어들다, 말이 pour: 호우, 쏟다, 많이 베풀다, 유출,
벽위의 도리특수판, 요리 한 접시, 뒷다리를 들고 뛰어오르다, 찌르다, 퍼붓다, 붓다, 도도히 말하다-흘러
접시 모양의 것, 쇠미늘 갑옷, 배의 뒷질, 큰 도박을 하다, 어떤 나오다, 도도히 말하다, 억수같이
도금하다 상다태로 몰아 넣다-뛰어들다 퍼붓다, 억수같이 퍼붓다-유출, 흘러
plated: 도금한, 장갑의 ply: 경향, 에 열성을 내다, 부지런히 나오다
player: 배우, 자동 연주 장치, 연주자, 일하다, 두께, 음식등을 강요하다, pouring: 붓는 것, 붓는 것의
경기자, 직업 선수, 노는 사람, 올, 부지런히 일하게 하다, 버릇, practised: 연습을 쌓은, 경험이 있는
게으름뱅이, 노는 동물, 자동 피아 질문 등을 퍼붓다, 겹, 가닥 pranks: 농담
노의 자동 연주 장치, 도박꾼 pointed: 뾰족한, 가시돋친, 노골적인, prate: 수다 떨다, 쓸 데 없는 말,
plead: 답변하다, 탄원하다, 변호하다, 두드러진, 말씨가 명쾌한, 명쾌한 수다, 종알종알 지껄이다, 재잘재잘
주장하다, 변명으로 말하다, poisonous: 유독한, 악의 있는, 지껄이다
변명으로 말하다-변호하다, 유해한 prattle: 수다, 졸졸하는 소리,
변론하다, 간청하다, 변명하다 polished: 닦은, 광택이 있는, 세련된, 혀짤배기 소리, 어린애 같이
pleasantly: 유쾌하게, 상냥하게, 우아한, 닦아 낸, 갈아 낸 지껄이다, 말을 더듬거리기, 말을
즐겁게, 쾌활하게 ponder: 숙고하다 더듬거리다
pleased: 기뻐하는, 만족한 poorly: 가난하게, 부족하게, pray: 빌다, 제발, 기원하다,
pleasure: 기호, 오락, 의지, 쾌락, 불충분하게, 신통치 않게, 건강이 간원하다, 기원하여 이루어지게
즐거움, 욕구, 유쾌, 즐기다, 특히 좋지 않은 하다, 기도하다, 기도하다-바라다,
육체적 쾌락, 육체적 쾌락, poplar: 그 재목, 사시나무, 포플라, 바라다, 에게 기원하다, 에게
만족시키다 포플러 간청하다
plenitude: 풍부, 완전, 충분 poppy: 양귀비, 진홍색, 그 prayer: 기도식, 기도의 문구, 기원,
plenty: 많음, 풍부, 충분한, 많은, 엑스트랙트, 아빠, 양귀비 빛깔, 간원, 기도하는 사람, 탄원, 기도,
충분히, 충분, 충분히-많은, 충분한- 심홍색 기도의 목적물 기
충분히, 가득함, 다량 populous: 인구 조밀한, 인구가 preceding: 선행하는, 앞의, 전술한
plight: 상태, 서약, 서약하다, 곤경, 조밀한 precious: 귀중한, 귀여운, 순전한,
보통 나쁜 상태, 맹세하다, 맹세 pore: 숙고하다, 기공, 세공, 지독한, 소중한, 비싼, 점잔빼는,
plot: 음모, 도면을 작성하다, 토지를 몰두하다, 털구멍, 털구명, 눈을 꾀까다로운, 대단한, 몹시, 소중한
구획하다, 줄거리-계획하다, 음모를 독서로 혹사시키다, 자세히 보다, 사람
꾸미다, 계획, 도면에 기입하다- 독서로 혹사시키다, 책 따위를 precipice: 절벽, 벼랑
음모를 꾀하다, 음모를 꾀하다, 자세히 보다 precise: 정확한, 세심한, 꼼꼼한,
도면에 기입하다, 작은 터, 획책하다 porridge: 죽, 오트밀죽 조금도 틀림없는, 규칙대로의, 바로
plough: 갈다, 경작지, 쟁기, 쟁기 port: 항구, 태도, 포트 와인, 좌현, 그
모양의 도구, 길을 애써서 나아가다, 좌현으로 향하다, 항구 도시, 자세, preeminence: 발군, 탁월, 걸출
충돌하다, 애써서 나아가다, 붉은 포도주, 무역항, 좌현의, 앞에 preference: 우선권, 편애, 특혜,
쟁기질하다, 얼굴 따위에 주름이 총의 자세 좋아하는 것, 선택, 유산 따위에 대한
잡히다, 북두칠성, 낙제시키다 portent: 전조, 흉조, 불길한 일의 우선권, 더 좋아함, 기호물, 배당
ploughman: 농부 조짐, 중대한 일의 조짐, 조짐 따위에 대한 우선권
plow: 경작지, 쟁기, 두둑을 만들다, portentous: 놀라운, 불길한, 이상한, premises: 가옥, 앞서 한 말, 토지 및
파도를 헤치고 나아가다, 제설기, 전조의, 놀랄만한, 장중한 부속물이 딸린 가옥
갈듯이나아가다, 낙제시키다, 쟁기로 portion: 운명, 분배하다, 부분, 몫, prepare: 준비하다, 각오시키다,
갈다, 갈다, 북두칠성-쟁기질 하다, 상속재산, 일인분, 배당으로 주다, 조리하다-준비하다, 각오하고 있다,
낙제시키다-쟁기로 갈다 배당, 남에게 분여 재산을 주다, 남을 준비시키다, 불협화음을 조화
pluck: 잡아당기다, 담력, 용기를 분할하다, 인분 음으로 하다, 불협화음을 조화된
불러 일으키다, 용기, 꽃과 과일 possessed: 침착한, 홀린, 미친, 음으로 하다, 조화 음으로 하다,
따위를 따다, 털을 잡아 뽑다, 흘려버린 준비하고 있다, 준비시키다, 조화된
잡아채다, 현악기의 튕겨 소리내다, possession: 소유, 영지, 점유, 편애, 음으로 하다
낙제, 낙제시키다, 낙제시키다-획 선입관, 속령, 소유물, 자제, presently: 현재, 이내, 목하, 곧,
당기다-잡아당김 소유물.재산, 재산, 흘림 이윽고, 얼마 안되어, 곧바로
plume: 깃털, 깃털로 장장식하다, possessions: 재산 preside: 사회하다, 의장이 되다,
물기둥-새가 부리로 깃털을 고르다, potter: 도공, 옹기장이, 꾸물거리며 통솔하다, 주인 노릇을 하다,
 Homer
통할하다, 우두머리가 되다 profit: 이윤, 남다, 벌이, 이익, 이익을
pressed: 바쁜, 모자라서, 눌린, 다린 얻다, 득, 금전상의 벌이, 이익이
pressing: 긴급한, 무리하게 조르는, 되다, 의 이익이 되다
프레스한 레코드, 화급한, 압착물, profound: 깊은, 마음으로부터의,
억누름, 졸라대는, 압착하기, 긴급의 심원한, 정중한, 마음에서 우러나는,
presuming: 주제넘은, 뻔뻔스러운, 충심의, 의미 심장한, 심해, 깊은
염치없는 속마음, 심연, 충분한
prevail: 이기다, 우세하다, 설복하다, projecting: 돌출한
유행되다, 잘 되다, 설득하다 promise: 약속, 천국, 촉망, 희망의
prey: 괴롭히다, 먹이, 밥, 희생, 땅, 약속하다, 가망이 있다, 가망,
해하다, 포식, 약탈품, 잡아먹다, 가망-약속하다, 의 희망이 있다, 의
약탈품- 먹이로 하다, 약탈하다, 가망성이 있다, 약속한 일
먹이로 하다 promising: 장래성 있는, 유망한,
priceless: 돈으로 살 수 없는, 장래가 촉망되는
어처구니 없는, 말도 아닌, 대단히 prophet: 예언자, 예언서, 신의 뜻을
귀중한, 값으로 따질 수 없는, 아주 알리는 사람, 구약 성서의 예언서,
재미있는 마호메트, 대변자, 사물을 예지하는
pride: 자부, 자존심, 자랑, 자만, 사람, 주의 따위의 대변자
만족, 득의의 모습, 득의, 경멸, 거만, propitiate: 달래다, 화해시키다, 비위
한창, 자랑거리 맞추다
priest: 성직자, 목사, 사제, 성직자로 propose: 제안하다, 추천하다,
만들다, 목사에 임명하다, 봉사자, 청혼하다, 신청하다, 기도하다,
성직자로 임명하다, 목사로 계획하다, 기도하다-계획하다,
임명하다, 목사로 만들다 구혼하다, 제언하다
prince: 왕자, 공작, 친왕, 황자, 제후, props: 소품
왕, 군주, 대가, 태자, 인품이 좋은 prosper: 번영하다, 을 번영시키다,
사람, 대군 사업 따위가 번영하다, 번영시키다
princely: 왕자에 어울리는, 기품 prosperity: 번영, 행운, 성공
높은, 장려한, 왕자의, 왕자같은, protect: 보호하다, 막다, 지키다,
왕자 같은, 왕자답게, 관대한, 기품 어음의 지불 준비를 하다, 국내
놓은, 왕후 다운, 왕후의 산업을 보호하다, 기계에 보호
princess: 공주, 왕녀, 황녀, 왕자비, 장치를 달다, 기계에 보호 장치를
황족, 왕족, 공작 부인황족, 왕비, 시설하다, 보호 장치를 달다, 지불
몸에 꼭끼는 원피스, 공주님, 친왕비 준비를 하다, 보호 장치를 시설하다
prisoner: 죄수, 포로, 붙잡힌 protected: 보호된
사람모르고 잡아두다, 자유를 protectress: 보호자의 여성형
빼앗긴 사람, 죄인, 자유를 빼앗긴 protest: 항의하다, 단언하다, 거절
것, 붙잡힌 것, 붙잡힌 사람 증서, 단언, 이의, 지불을 거절하다,
prize: 포획물, 입상한, 상품, 지레로 지불을 거절하다-이의, 결의 따위에
올리다, 포로, 비집어 열다, 목적물- 이의를 제기하다, 이의를 제기하다,
상품으로 주어진, 현상의, 경품, 나포 주장하다
함선, 포획하다 proud: 자존심이 있는, 거만한,
proceed: 나아가다, 계속하다, 자랑하고 있는, 영광으로 여기는,
발생하다, 생기다, 착수하다, 자랑으로 생각하는, 자랑할 만한,
시작하다, 매상고, 처분하다, 자랑하다, 당당한, 교만한, 일이
속행하다, 수입, 소송 절차를 밟다 자랑할 만한, 물건이 자랑할 만한
prodigious: 거대한, 놀랄 만한, prove: 입증하다, 시험하다,
놀라운, 막대한 검산하다, 이라 판명되다, 인정하다,
prodigy: 천재, 경탄, 비범, 장관, 인하다, 임이 알려지다, 이라는 것을
불가사의한 것, 비범의 알다, 의 교정쇄를 내다, 을
profess: 공언하다, 직업으로 삼다, 검산하다, 알다
신앙을 고백하다, 을 신앙한다고 provoke: 자극하다, 성나게 하다,
공언하다, 라고 자칭하다, 학문, 인 불러 일으키다, 일으키다, 야기하다,
체하다, 기술 따위를 지니고 있다고 화나게 하다
공언하다-공언하다, 기술 따위를 prow: 이물, 기수, 용감한,
지니고 있다고 공언하다, 언명하다, 용맹스러운, 뱃머리
대학 교수로 있다 prowess: 용기, 훌륭한 솜씨, 용감한
proficient: 숙련된, 숙달한, 능수, 행위
달인, 숙달된 prudent: 신중한, 조심성 있는, 분별
405
있는, 조심스러운
pry: 애써서 얻다, 엿보다, 지레,
일일이 알고 싶어하다, 지레로
올리다, 꼬치꼬치 캐기 좋아하는
사람, 일일이 알고 싶어하다-
꼬치고치 캐기 좋아하는 사람, 캐기
좋아하는 사람, 지레-지레로 올리다,
지레로 움직이다, 형편을 살피다
pull: 뽑다, 끌다, 당기다, 제어하다,
마시다, 따다, 당기어 손상시키다,
당겨지다, 찢다, 잡아 당기다, 끌어
당기다
pulled: 건강이 쇠약해진, 딴, 털을
뜯은
pulse: 맥박, 의향, 고동, 움직임,
느낌, 진동하다, 두류, 순간 파동, 뜀,
펄스, 맥이 뛰다
punish: 혼내주다, 벌하다, 호되게
해치우다, 응징하다, 사람을 벌하다,
죄를 벌하다, 상대방을 혼내주다
punishing: 고통을 주는, 처형하는,
심한 타격, 벌하는, 상처, 지치게
하는, 징벌하는
punishment: 학대, 처벌, 형벌, 벌,
강타, 가혹한 처사, 경기 등에서
지치게 함, 징벌, 지치게 함
puny: 아주 작은, 미약한, 보잘것
없는, 자그마한
purchase: 사다, 기중 장치, 노력하여
얻다, 구입품, 수익, 구입물, 산 물건,
구매, 지레, 구지레를 울리다-구입,
구지레를 울리다
pure: 순수한, 순혈의, 단순한,
순전한, 더러움 없는, 오점 없는,
깨끗한, 순이론적인-순수한 것,
순이론적인, 완전한, 고결한
purify: 심신을 깨끗이하다, 깨끗이
하다, 정련하다, 정화하다
purple: 화려한, 제왕의, 자줏빛,
왕위, 호화로운, 자주빛의, 고위-
자주빛의, 자주빛이 되게하다,
자줏빛의, 호화로운-자주빛이
되게하다, 고위
purposely: 고의로, 일부러, 고외로
pursue: 추구하다, 수행하다,
추적하다, 속행하다, 찾아 가다,
쫓아가다, 따라가다, 소송하다, 길을
따라가다, 계속해서 말하다
pursuit: 추적, 종사, 직업, 수행, 추구,
추격, 연구, 속행, 하는 일
push: 밀다, 절박, 쑥 내밀다, 적극성,
위기, 억지로 떠맡기다, 억지, 밀어
움직이다, 밀고 나아가다, 추진,
강하게 주장하다
pylon: 목표탑, 철탑, 탑문, 고대
이집트의 탑문, 고압선용의 철탑,
비행장의 목표탑
pyre: 화장용의 장작더미, 장작더미
quail: 메추라기, 기가죽다, 주눅들다,
 406 The Iliad
매력적인 여자, 여자, 기가 죽다 발하는, 방사의, 방사점, 방산 rattling: 활발한, 굉장한,
quake: 흔들리다, 떨림, 흔들림, 분포의, 방사되는 덜거덕거리는, 훌륭한, 아주, 성가신,
떨리다, 진동하다, 덜덜떨다, 요동, rage: 맹위를 떨치다, 격노, 열망, 매우, 딸랑거리는, 대단히, 기운찬,
지진, 부들부들떨다 격노하다, 고조에 달하다, 감흥, 귀찮은
quantity: 다량, 분량, 양, 수량, 대유행, 감동, 열광, 격렬, 날뛰다 ravening: 먹이를 찾아다니는,
다량으로, 다수, 어떤 특정의 분량, raging: 격노한, 맹렬한, 미친듯이 탐욕스러운, 게걸스럽게 먹는,
양적인, 양을 나타낸는 숫자, 양을 사나운, 사납게 날뛰는, 맹위를 탐욕스런
나타낸는 부호 떨치는, 거칠어지는 ravenous: 굶주린, 게걸든,
quarrel: 싸움의 원인, 싸움, 불평, rail: 가로장, 레일, 철도, 울타리, 게걸스럽게 먹는, 탐욕스런, 마구
말다툼, 네모진 촉이 달린 화살, 궤조, 난간, 문란하여, 현장의 먹어대는
불화의 씨, 불화, 불평하다, 윗부분, 궤도, 흰눈썹뜸부기류, raving: 굉장한, 헛소리, 광란, 대단한,
싸움하다, 말다툼하다, 말다툼의 비웃다 대단히, 노호, 헛소리하는, 헛소리를
원인 railer: 꾸짖는 사람, 욕하는 사람 하는, 미쳐날뛰는, 광란의, 광란하는
quarrelsome: 싸움 좋아하는, 싸움을 railing: 난간, 레일, 폭언, 놀림, raw: 껍질이 벗겨진, 가공하지 않은,
좋아하는 울타리, 가로장, 울, 욕지거리, 미숙한, 날것의, 노골적인, 물타지
quarters: 병사 레일재료, 그 자료, 욕설 않은, 가공하지 않은 것, 생것, 원료
quench: 끄다, 억제하다, 풀다, 물에 raiment: 의류, 의복 그대로의, 버릇없는 사람, 심한
넣어 식히다, 빛 따위를 없애다, raise: 세우다, 제기하다, 올리다, ray: 가오리, 번득이다, 광선, 열선,
가열한 것을 물에 넣어 식히다, 승진시키다, 일으키다, 지르다, 방사하다, 방사선, 서광, 반지름,
동작을 잃게 하다, 반대자의 입을 높이다, 소생시키다, 늘리다, 기르다, 복사선, 번득임, 번쩍이다
막다, 불 따위를 끄다, 불 따위를 모으다 razor: 면도칼, 면도기, 에 면도칼을
없애다, 속력을 잃게 하다 rally: 회복하다, 대회, 규합하다, 대다
quest: 탐색, 탐색하다, 탐구, 찾다, 회복, 시위 운동, 재집합, 집중하다, reader: 독본, 강사, 리더, 독자,
특히 사냥개가 사냥감의 뒤를 밟아 재거, 놀리다, 고무하다, 조롱하다 독서가, 판독기, 낭독자, 교정원,
찾다, 사냥감의 뒤를 밟아 찾다 ram: 숫양, 충각, 때려 박다, 자동 읽는 사람, 대학 조교, 교정자
quick: 빨리, 재빠른, 성급한, 민감한, 양수기, 램, 다져 굳히다, 등속 추출 readily: 쾌히, 손쉽게, 쉽사리,
살아 있는, 이해가 빠른, 급소, 기억장치, 달구로 다지다, 달구, 기꺼이, 서슴없이, 선뜻, 쉽게
서둘러서, 상처의 붉은 살, 빠른, 피스톤, 충각으로 들이받다 readiness: 신속, 준비, 쾌락, 준비성,
중요 부분 rancour: 심한 증오, 적의, 깊은 원한, 준비가 되어 있음, 용이, 자진해서함,
quietly: 조용히, 수수하게, 얌전하게, 사무친 한 재빠름
평온하게, 살짝, 침착하게 rank: 열, 계급, 지독한, 병졸, 고관, realm: 범위, 왕국, 영역, 부문, 영토,
quit: 그만두다, 사퇴하다, 포기하다, 평가하다, 횡렬, 군대, 고위, 등급을 권, 국토, 계, 분야, 세계, 대
놓아버리다, 면하여, 자유로와, 매기다, 나란히 세우다 reap: 베다, 획득하다, 베어들이다,
떠나다, 떠나가다, 일을 중지하다, 일 ransom: 몸값, 속죄하다, 공갈, 의 수확하다, 받다, 얻다, 거두다, 보답
따위를 그만두다, 용서받은 몸값을 요구하다, 의 배상금을 따위를 받다
quits: 승패 없이 대등하여, 피장 장이 요구하다, 포로의 몸값, 몸값을 rear: 뒤, 기르다, 변소, 세우다, 후위,
된, 갚거나 또는 보복하여 피장 치르고 석방됨, 배상금을 치르고 올리다, 배후, 일으키다, 변소에
장이 된 사람을 되찾다, 사람을 되찾다, 에게 가다, 사육하다, 후위의
quiver: 떨림, 떨게 하다, 화살통, 몸값을 요구하다, 에게 배상금을 reassure: 재보증하다, 안심시키다,
진동, 전통, 떨다, 전동, 흔들리다 요구하다 다시 자신을 갖게하다, 다시 용기를
quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는, rapid: 빠른, 가파른, 신속한, 급한, 내게 하다, 에게 힘을 북돋우다
떨리는 여울, 민첩한, 날랜, 재빠른, 신속, rebuke: 비난, 힐책, 징계, 비난하다,
quoit: 쇠고리, 쇠고리 던지기, 고리 속도, 급류 꾸짖다, 견책하다, 견책
던지기를 하다, 고리 던지기용의 rare: 드문, 희박한, 진기한, 설익은, recall: 취소, 상기시키다, 취소하다,
고리, 고리 던지기처럼 던지다, 고무 설구워진, 매우, 극히, 참좋은, 소환, 해임하다, 회상, 소환하다,
따위의 고리 던지기용의 고리, 금속 희귀한, 희한한, 귀한 소생시키다, 생각나다, 상기, 다시
따위의 고리 던지기용의 고리, 로프 rash: 무모한, 발진, 뾰루지, 지각없는, 불러 들이다
따위의 고리 던지기용의 고리 성급한, 무분별한, 부스럼, 빈발, reck: 개의하다, 관계하다, 중대하다,
rabble: 무질서한 군중, 뒤죽 다발, 경솔한, 조급한 마음을 쓰다, 주의하다
박죽된것, 오합지중, 교반봉, rashness: 무모, 분별, 무모함 reckless: 개의치 않는, 무모한, 분별
교반봉으로 휘젓다, 되는 대로 일을 rated: 정격의 없는, 앞뒤를 가리지 않는
하다, 떼, 빨리 말하다, 떼를 지어 ratify: 비준하다, 실증하다, 재가하다 recklessly: 무분별하게, 무모하게
습격하다, 어중이 떠중이, 와글대는 rations: 식료품, 하루분의 양식 recognized: 인정하는
어중이 떠중이 rattle: 놀라게 하다, 혼란시키다, recoil: 뒷걸음질, 반동, 뒷걸음질치다,
races: 경마 대회 수다스러운 사람, 딸랑이, 힘차게 되튀다, 위축, 되튀기, 진저리침,
radiance: 광휘, 빛남, 광채, 발광, 차를 몰다, 상소리로 꾸짖다, 공무니빼다, 혐오, 다시 감다,
눈.얼굴의 빛, 방열 흥분시키다, 향음기관, 퇴각하다
radiant: 빛나는, 즐거운 듯한, 광점, 척척해치우다, 일사천리로 recollection: 회상, 기억, 추억,
빛을 내는, 복사의, 찬란한, 빛을 통과시키다, 을덜컥덜컥 움직이다 회고록, 상기, 회고, 옛날을 생각케
 Homer
하는 것, 마음의 평정, 기억력 권력, 고삐로 다루다, 제어의 수단,
reconciliation: 화해, 조정, 복종, 견제, 보통 가죽으로 만든 고삐
조화, 체념, 일치, 단념 reins: 신장, 허리, 감정과 애정, 콩팥,
reconsider: 재고하다, 재의하다, 다시 신장부분, 고삐, 제어의 수단
생각하다, 재심하다, 재의에 부치다 reject: 거절하다, 토하다, 물리치다,
recount: 계산을 다시하다, 다시세다, 받지 않다, 버리다, 거부된 사람, 흠
열거하다, 이야기 하다, 이야기하다, 있는 물건, 퇴짜놓다, 불합격자,
자세히 말하다, 재계산, 재계표, 다시 받아들이지 않다, 거절된 것
세기, 상세히 말하다, 투표 따위의 rejoice: 기뻐하다, 기쁘게 하다,
다시 세기 축하하다, 향유하다, 가지고 있다,
recover: 회복시키다, 회복하다, 좋아하다, 을 누리고 있다, 즐기다,
벌충하다, 되찾다, 보상하다, 승소, 괴상한 이름을 가지고 있다
완쾌, -의 덮개를 갈아 붙이다, 회복, rejoicing: 기쁨, 환호, 환희, 축하,
되찾음, 승소하다 축하하여, 환호하여, 환락, 축연
recovered: 회복한, 병 등에서 회복한 relent: 누그러지다, 마음이
recruit: 보충하다, 신병을 모집하다, 누그러지다, 마음이 부드러워지다,
신회원, 신병, 보양하다, 원기가 측은하게 생각하다, 가엾게 여기다,
회복되다, 회복시키다, 증가하다, 상냥해지다
신입사원, 원기를 북돋우다, 에 relentless: 잔인한, 냉혹한, 가차없는,
신병을 넣다 무자비한
reddening: 붉어지는 것 relieve: 구제하다, 해직하다,
redoubtable: 무서운, 외경스러운, 안심시키다, 덜다, 경감하다, 대조
존경할 만한, 당당한, 가공할, 가공할 시키다, 덜어주다, 돋보이게 하다,
만한 두드러지게 하다, 교대하다,
reek: 김, 악취, 기미가 있다, 악취를 구출하다
풍기다, 김을 내다, 연기, 냄새가 relish: 조미료, 식욕, 좋아하다, 향기,
나다, 연기나다, 의 냄새가 나다, 흥미, 기호, 양념, 풍미, 즐기다,
증기, 악취가 나는 공기 맛보다, 기미
reel: 얼레, 릴, 비틀거리다, 잣다, rely: 의지하다, 믿다, 기대를 걸다,
감는 틀, 실패, 술술, 실을 뽑다, 신뢰하다
얼레에 감다, 현기증 얼레에 감다, remind: 생각나게 하다, 상기시키다,
현기증나다 깨우치다, 생각나게하다, 일깨우다
refrain: 후렴, 참다, 자제하다, remiss: 무기력한, 태만한, 부주의한,
삼가다, 그만두다, 반복구, 억제하다, 해이한, 게으른
억누르다, 멀리하다, 그만두다 remorseless: 무자비한, 뉘우치지
억제하다 후렴, 상투문구 않는, 무정한, 잔인한, 가차 없는,
refreshment: 원기 회복, 원기를 냉혹한, 후회없는
회복시키는 것, 휴양, 다과, 원기를 removed: 떨어진, 먼, 촌의, 관계가
북돋우는 것, 음식물, 피로 풀기, 먼, 등친의, 제거된, 죽은, 거리가
가벼운 음식물, 기분을 상쾌하게 함, 떨어진
특히 간단한 음식물, 간단한 음식물 rend: 쪼개지다, 째지다, 강탈하다,
refuge: 피난처, 은신처, 피난, 비틀어 떼다, 찢다, 찌르다,
안전지대, 핑계, 도피처, 구실, 의지, 분열시키다, 쥐어 뜯다, 괴롭히다,
의지가 되는 사람, 의지가 되는 물건, 떼어놓다, 산란하게 하다
위안자 renew: 재개하다, 갱신하다,
refuse: 폐물, 거절하다, 쓰레기, 갱생시키다, 고쳐 쓰다, 다시
사퇴하다, 폐물의, 인간 폐물, 시작하다, 일신하다, 되풀이하다,
퇴짜놓다, 지질한, 찌끼, 멈춰서다, 회복하다, 다시 시작되다, 되찾다,
안 뛰어넘으려 하다 되풀이 하다
regards: 문안 인사, 편지 따위의 문안 renown: 명성, 고명, 영명
인사 renowned: 유명한, 명성있는
reign: 지배, 군림하다, 통치, 권세, rent: 지대, 임대되다, 분열, 집세,
주권을 잡다, 군림, 널리 퍼지다, 불화, 임차료, 협곡, 균열, 방세, 에
치세, 통치하다, 통치권, 널리 지대를 물다, 임대
성행하다 repel: 쫓아버리다, 반발하다,
reigning: 군림하는, 널리 퍼져 있는, 격퇴하다, 불쾌감을 주다, 물리치다,
널리 유행하는, 세도를 부리는 튀기다, 반박하다, 받지 않다,
rein: 고삐, 제어하다, 자유를 주다, 저항하다, 쫓아내다, 튀겨 내다
억제, 속력을 늦추다, 그만두다, repent: 후회하다, 포복성의,
407
기어다니는, 뉘우치다, 유감으로
생각하다, 회개하다, 유감스럽게
생각하다
repose: 눕히다, 쉬다, 침착, 휴식,
두다, 영면하다, 자다, 휴지, 영면,
걸다, 조화
reproach: 불명예, 비난, 질책, 치욕,
꾸짖다, 비난의 말, 비난하다,
책망하다, 체면을 손상시키다, 망신,
의 체면을 손상하다
reputation: 평판, 명성, 세평, 호평,
덕망
requital: 보답, 보상, 보복, 복수, 벌
requite: 보답하다, 보복하다,
답례하다, 복수하다, 보상하다, 에
보답하다
rescue: 구조하다, 구출, 구조의, 해방,
도와주다, 불법으로 탈환하다,
불법탈환, 구제하다, 구제의,
불법석방, 돕다
resent: 원망하다, 분개하다, 에
골내다, 을 분개하다, 괘씸하게
생각하다, 화내다
reserve: 보류, 제한, 예비의,
보류하다, 준비금, 자제, 운명짓다,
보유하다, 침묵, 제외, 적립금
reside: 존재하다, 주재하다, 살다,
거주하다, 속하다, 있다, 귀속하다,
성질이 존재하다
resistless: 저항하지 않는,
불가항력의, 저항할 수 없는, 저항 할
수 없는
resolute: 단호한, 굳게 결심한,
의연한, 불굴의, 할 결의인,
굳은결의의
resolutely: 단호하게, 단호히, 결연히
resolved: 단호한, 결심한, 깊이
생각한, 숙고한, 결의한
resource: 자원, 자력, 수단, 재원,
기지, 물자, 기략, 자산, 방책, 방편,
공급원
respect: 존경, 경의, 존경하다, 인사,
관계, 관심, 고려하다, 주의, 고려,
점, 관련되다
respected: 훌륭한, 소문난,
높이평가되는
respecting: 에 관하여
respite: 유예, 연기, 휴식, 일시적
중지, 에게 형의 집행을 유예하다,
상환 독촉을 유예하다, 일시적으로
덜어주다, 정지하다, 집행유예,
휴식기간, 휴지
resplendent: 빛나는, 눈부신,
눈부시게빛나는, 찬란한, 찬연한
resting: 휴면하고 있는, 휴식하고
있는, 증식하지 않고 있는
restive: 반항적인, 침착성이 없는,
고집센, 나아가기를 싫어하는,
다루기 힘드는, 다루기 힘든, 들떠
 408 The Iliad
있는, 불안해하는, 앞으로 나아가려 구하다, 벗어나다, 끝마치다, 없애다, 더운, 쬐어 볶기, 쬐어 굽기, 심하게
않는, 침착하지 못한, 하기 힘든 으로부터 자유롭게하다, 면하게하다, 비난하기, 굽는 데 알맞은
restore: 회복하다, 복구하다, 구축하다 rob: 강탈하다, 강도질을 하다,
회복시키다, 복직시키다, ridge: 이랑, 산등성이, 산마루, 훔치다, 남자 이름, 약탈을 하다,
복위시키다, 본래대로 하다, 이랑이 되다, 등, 등줄기, 산맥, 잃게하다, 의 속을 뒤져 훔치다,
반환하다, 되찾다, 되돌려주다, 산맥마룻대, 산봉우리, 융기, 콧날 강도질하다, 약탈하다, 빼앗다, 에서
돌려주다, 부활시키다 righteous: 공정한, 당연한, 바른, 빼앗다
restrain: 구속하다, 억제하다, 정당한, 고결한, 정의의, 정직한, robe: 예복, 법복, 긴 유아복, 의복,
제지하다, 감금하다, 자유를 빼앗다, 바른사람, 지당한, 올바른, 올바르다 덮개, 길고 헐거운 겉옷, 옷, 예복을
속박하다, 못하게 하다, 누르다, righteously: 공정하게, 당연하게, 입다, 관복, 장식하다, 예복입히다
말리다, 수감하다, 방지하다 바르게, 정당하게 rocky: 바위가 많은, 불안정한,
restrained: 자제된, 억제된, 삼가는, righteousness: 공정, 정의, 정직, 완고한, 흔들흔들하는, 암석으로 된,
차분한, 절도있는, 절도 있는 방정, 올바름, 정당성 바위많은, 태연한, 암석질의,
retire: 회수하다, 퇴직하다, 물러나다, right-hand: 오른쪽으로 꼬인, 비슬거리는, 불안한, 바위의
물러나게 하다, 자다, 아웃시키다, 오른쪽, 심복의, 오른손의, 가장 쓸모 roll: 굴리다, 구르다, 굽이치다, 감다,
은퇴시키다, 아웃 시키다, 퇴각하다, 있는, 믿을 만한, 우측의, 오른편의, 두루마리, 늘어지다, 롤러로 고르다,
입후보를 단념하다, 지폐 따위를 오른쪽의, 오른손을 쓰는, 심복이 소용돌이 무늬, 연타, 좌우로
회수하다 되는 흔들리다, 희번덕거리다
retired: 외딴, 퇴직한, 궁벽한, rim: 가장자리, 수면, 속이다, 테두리, rolled: 압연한
사양하는, 은퇴한, 구석진, 삼가는, 언저리, 둘러싸다, 테두리 쇠, 큰테, rolling: 구르는, 굴리기, 회전
퇴역한, 시골 구석의 외륜, 변두리, 해면 roof: 지붕, 집, 최고부, 에 지붕을
retreat: 퇴각, 묵상, 퇴각하다, 은퇴, ringing: 울리는, 울려퍼지는, 울림, 이다, 꼭대기, 보호하다, 위턱,
은퇴처, 쑥 들어가다, 정수, 공명, 이명 지붕모양의 물건, 지붕으로덮다,
물러나다, 뒤로 물리다, 귀영 riot: 폭동, 폭동을 일으키다, 소동, 지붕을 해 덮다, 차의지붕
나팔소리, 특히 말을 뒤로 물리다 방종, 야단법석, 아주 유쾌한 사람, rooms: 한조의 방
reveal: 보이다, 계시하다, 시현, 창틀, 방탕, 난봉, 방탕생활을 하다, roost: 홰, 잠자리, 휴식처, 홰에 앉은
나타내다, 드러내다, 문설주, 폭로, 떠들다, 대성공 한 떼의 새, 홰에 앉다, 보금자리에
밝히다, 계시, 들추어내다 ripe: 익은, 원숙한, 난숙한, 화농한, 들다, 닭장, 숙소, 휴식소를 마련해
revenge: 원한, 복수하다, 복수심, 붉고 탐스러운, 상스러운, 잘발달된, 주다, 침실, 침상
앙갚음, 원수를 갚다, 복수, 보복, 준비가 다 된, 천한, 푹 곪은, 한창의 root: 뿌리, 어근, 근원, 찾다,
설욕의 기회, 복수의 기회, 원한을 ripple: 웨이브, 잔물결, 잔물결이 정착하다, 자손, 시조, 뿌리박다,
갚다, 의 복수를 하다 일다, 파문, 웅성웅성하는 소리, 근절하다, 초목, 뿌리의
reverence: 존경, 존경하다, 위덕, 님, 삼바디, 물결모양, 잔 물결, roses: 장미빛의 안색
경례, 숭상, 숭상하다, 신부님, 경의, 잔물결소리, 찰랑찰랑, 파문을 rot: 부패, 썩다, 썩음, 썩어
위엄, 경계 일으키다 문드러지다, 부패물, 타락시키다,
reverend: 목사, 성직의, 거룩한, risen: 일어난, 부활한, 오른 부패시키다, 부패하다, 부패병,
성직자, 숭상할 만한, 신부, 존경할 rising: 기립, 상승, 오르는, 승진하는, 헛소리, 타락
만한, 존귀한, 님 기상, 올라가는, 오르막의, 종기, rough: 거칠게, 귀에 거슬리는,
reverently: 경건하게, 겸손하게, 이상의, 에 가까운, 뾰루지 껄껄한, 거친, 사나운, 학대, 떫은,
경의를 갖고, 공손하게, 삼가 rival: 경쟁하다, 호적수, 적수, 난폭한, 거칠게 하다, 미가공,
revile: 욕하다, 의 욕을 하다, 매도, 경쟁자, 와 경쟁하다, 경쟁하는, 거칠거칠한
욕설, 을 헐뜯다 라이벌, 경쟁 상대, 대항하는, 서로 roughly: 거칠게, 대충, 귀에
reward: 보답하다, 보수, 보수를 주다, 겨루다, 맞겨루다 거슬리게, 난폭하게, 대강, 버릇없이,
벌, 현상금, 사례금, 보상하다, 보상, riverbed: 하상, 강바닥 개략적으로
이익, 보복하다, 응보 roadside: 길가, 노변, 길가의, 대로변, rounded: 둥글게 한, 세련된, 완성된,
rhea: 레아, 타조, 아메리카 타조, 대로변의 원순음의, 끝수가 없는, 둥글린,
여자 이름 roar: 으르렁거리다, 울리다, 노호, 낭랑한, 어림수의, 완벽한, 입술을
rhesus: 원숭이의 일종, 붉은 포효, 폭소, 외치다, 노호하다, 둥글게 하여 발음되는
털원숭이 고함치다, 반향하다, 소리쳐 말하다, rounding: 회전하는, 둥글게 하는데
rhodes: 로도스섬, 로즈 왁자그르르 웃다 쓰는, 주위를 둘러싸는, 원순화,
riches: 부, 많음, 재물, 재보, 재산, roaring: 떠들썩한, 포효, 활발한, 둥글어진 것, 둥글게 함, 둥글어지는
풍부 으르렁거림, 술마시며 떠드는, 소리, rouse: 각성, 격려하다,
richly: 부유하게, 충분히, 풍요하게, 경기가 좋은, 굉음, 극도로, 날아오르게하다, 일어나다, 술판,
값지게, 농후하게, 풍부하게, 노호하는, 굉굉히 울리는 일으키다, 성나게 하다, 분발, 잠이
자양분있게 roast: 불고기, 굽기, 구워지다, 굽다, 깨다, 휘젓다, 고무하다
richness: 귀중, 부유, 풍부, 비옥, 데우다, 구운, 조롱, 볶다, 익히다, rouser: 교반기, 깜짝 놀라게 할 만한
풍요, 훌륭함, 자양분, 윤택, 맛좋고 심한 조롱, 생선을굽다 일, 소리큰 사람, 심한 거짓말, 큰
실속있음 roasting: 타는듯이, 굽기, 타는듯한, 소리, 환기시키는사람, 환기자,
rid: 제거하다, 면하다, 치우다, 볶음, 몹시덥게, 몹시 비난함, 몹시 각성자
 Homer
rout: 패주시키다, 패주, 궤주, 호밀의, 라이 위스키
무질서한 군중, 끌어내다, 떠들썩한 sack: 약탈, 마대, 약탈하다, 해고,
군중, 볼온 집회, 사교적인 모임, 잠자리, 주머니 부대, 부대, 침낭, 누,
참패 패주시키다, 코로 파헤집다, 큰 자루, 퇴짜
큰야회 sacking: 결정적 승리, 즈크지, 약탈,
roving: 이동하는, 방랑하는, 헤매는, 자루감
연방, 먼과녁쏘기, ㅏ랑, 조방사, sacred: 신성한, 종교적인, 모신,
산만한 바쳐진, 바친, 신성 불가침의, 신의
row: 젓다, 거리, 열, 줄, 소동, 법석, 사자인, 전용되는
말다툼하다, 가로수, 노젓기, 떠들다, sacrifice: 희생타, 희생, 투매하다,
배를 젓다 헌신, 싸구려로, 그로 인한 손실,
rowing: 로잉, 배젓기, 저정용의, 제물, 희생타로 진루시키다, 희생적
조정 행위, 희생하다, 희생타를 치다
rubbing: 마사지, 마찰, 탁본, 안마, sad: 진지한, 슬픈, 어두운, 지독한,
연마, 문지름, 탑본, 비명 따위의 우중충충한, 설구워진, 어이없는,
탑본, 문지르기 슬퍼하는, 칙칙한, 언어도단의, 잘
rudely: 조잡하게, 무례하게, 부풀지 않은
버릇없이, 거칠게, 불쑥, 격력하게 sadly: 슬프게, 한탄할 정도로,
rue: 후회하다, 슬퍼하다, 비탄, 후회, 치사한, 천한, 진지한, 우중충충한,
유감으로 여기다, 회오, 연민, 지독한, 절망적인, 유감스럽게도,
뉘우치다, 운향, 한탄하다, 어두운, 애처롭게
안했더라면 하고 여기다 sadness: 어이없는, 진지한,
rug: 깔개, 양탄자, 무릎덮개, 융단, 우중충충한, 어두운, 슬픈, 비애,
까는 모피, 무릎 덮개, 바닥의 깔개 슬퍼하는, 설구워진, 지독한, 슬픔
rugged: 울퉁불퉁한, 엄격한, 괴로운, safeguard: 호위, 보호, 보호하다,
귀에 거슬리는, 험악한, 껄껄한, 안전 통행권
주름진, 세련되지 못한, 튼튼한, safely: 몹시 조심하는, 무사한, 믿을
폭풍우의, 거친 수 있는, 틀림없는, 안전한, 안전하게
ruin: 파멸, 폐허, 손해, 파산, 몰락, saffron: 사프란색, 사프란, 사프란
파멸시키다, 피해, 잔해, 파괴하다, 색, 사프란색의
영락, 몰락한 사람 sail: 돛, 범주, 척의 배, 돛배, 범주력,
ruined: 몰락한, 파멸한, 황폐한, 해를 항정, 날개, 달리게 하다, 범주하다,
입은, 타락한, 멸망한, 파산한 돛단배, 건너다
ruler: 통치자, 지배자, 주권자, sailing: 범주, 출범, 항행, 항해술,
자부기봉, 괘선을 긋는 기구, 순조로운 진행, 항행력, 항해의
통치자의 지위, 괘를 치는 사람, 자, sake: 목적, 위함, 이유, 제발, 을 위함
괘선을 긋는 사람 salt: 소금, 소금에 절인, 식염, 식탁용
ruling: 우세한, 지배, 통치하는, 소금 그릇, 풍자, 기지, 자극, 흥미,
일반적인, 지배하는, 판정, 통치, 염, 의 손님이 되다, 뱃사람
재정, 괘를 그음, 일반의, 주요한 salvation: 구제, 구조, 구조자, 구원,
rumour: 소문, 풍설 소문을 내다, 구세, 구제물
소문을 내다, 소음 sanction: 재가, 제재, 지지, 인가,
runaway: 도망, 쉽게 이긴, 도망친, 국제적 제제, 상벌, 인가하다, 제재
탈주자, 도망자, 달아난, 탈주, 낙승, 규정을 두다, 법의 강제력, 재가하다
사랑의 도피, 급히 오르는, 가출소년 sanctuary: 성역, 보호, 피난처,
runner: 달리는 사람, 덩굴, 밀수업자, 지성소, 신전, 성소, 성당, 예루살렘
순경, 활주부, 활주삭, 굴대, 포복지, 신전, 금렵구, 예루살렘 신전의
훈눈썹뜸부기, 주자, 활주면 지성소, 안식처
rush: 돌진시키다, 돌진, 등심초, sand: 모래, 용기, 모래를 뿌리다,
돌진하다, 골풀, 돌격하다, 쇄도, 설탕, 모래톱, 수명, 백사장 모래,
돌격, 하찮은 물건, 쇄도하다, 시각, 모래벌판, 모래 사장, 모랫빛
급행하다 sandals: 샌들
rushing: 러닝 플레이로 나아간 거리, sands: 사주
러싱 sandy: 불안정한, 모래의,
ruthless: 무정한, 무자비한, 잔인한, 모래투성이의, 연한 갈색의, 여자
가차없는, 냉혹한 이름, 스코틀랜드 인의 별명,
ruthlessly: 무정하게, 냉혹하게, 모랫빛의, 모래빛의, 꺼칠꺼칠한,
무자비하게 남자 이름
rye: 호밀, 호밀 흑빵, 호밀 위스키, sapling: 젊은이, 어린 나무, 묘목,
409
그레이하운드
sate: 물리게하다, 물리게 하다
sated: 넌더리나도록 물린, 넌더리나
있다
satisfaction: 사죄, 이행, 결투 신청에
응하다, 만족, 만족시키는 물건,
속죄, 사죄하다, 결투, 결투를
신청하다, 만족함, 만족을 주는 것
satisfied: 만족한, 흡족한
satisfy: 만족시키다, 풀게하다,
채우다, 가라앉히다, 갚다,
안심시키다, 이루다, 지불하다, 풀다,
충족시키다, 만족을 주다
saturn: 농사의 신, 도성, 우주선 추진
장치, 토성, 납, 농업의 신
savage: 야만적인, 야만인, 잔인,
사나운, 잔인한, 황량한, 세련되지
못한, 최고의, 야만적인 사람, 물어
뜯다, 나체의
saving: 저금, 구조, 절약, 절약하는,
구제, 제외하는, 저축, 을 더는, 보상,
구하는, 외에는
saviour: 구조자, 구세주 그리스도
savour: 맛, 기미, 의 기미가있다,
다소 -의 맛이나다, 흥미, 맛을 내다,
맛보다, 맛이 있다, 아취, 풍미
scabbard: 칼집, 권총집, 집, 칼집에
꽂다
scalded: 끓는
scaled: 비늘이 덜어진, 껍질이
벗겨진, 비늘이 있는, 비늘을 벗긴,
눈금이 있는
scales: 저울
scandal: 중상, 추문, 반감, 의옥,
치욕, 악평, 험담, 불명예, 소동
scant: 인색한, 가까스로의, 모자라는,
불충분한, 인색하게 굴다, 좀 부족한,
경시하다, 아껴서, 아까워하다,
부족한
scare: 겁냄, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 겁을
집어먹다, 으르다, 놀람, 깜짝 놀라는
일, 겁, 놀라게 하여 쫓아버리다,
소동, 위협하다, 겁내다
scared: 깜짝 놀란, 겁에 질린, 겁을
집어먹은, 하기가 겁나는
scarlet: 주홍색, 주홍빛, 진홍색의,
진홍색, 죄많은, 진분홍 빛의 옷,
죄악을 상징하는 진홍빛
scatheless: 해를 입지 않고, 무난한,
무사한, 상처없는, 무사하여
scatter: 흩뿌리다, 쫓아버리다,
뿔뿔이 흩어지다, 산발하다, 소수,
흩뜨려진 것, 흩뜨림
scattered: 뿔뿔이 흩어진, 산발적인,
산만한, 산재해 있는, 드문드문 있는
scattering: 흩어진, 산재한, 성긴
scent: 냄새, 향수를 뿌리다, 향수,
흔적, 향기, 냄새 맡다, 냄새를
풍기다, 냄새자취, 실마리, 알아채다,
 410 The Iliad
후각 구하다, 가두다, 획득하다, 튼튼한 servant: 하인, 봉사자, 고용인, 머슴,
scented: 햐수룰 뿌린, 향료가 든 sedition: 치안 방해, 동란 선동 부하, 공무원, 종업원, 하인의
sceptre: 왕권, 왕위, 왕위에 앉히다, seducer: 유혹하다, 꾀어내다, serve: 섬기다, 봉사하다, 차려내다,
홀 부추기다, 황홀케하다, 유혹자 시중하다, 접대하다, 제공하다,
sceptred: 왕권을 가진, 흘을 가진 seed: 씨, 시드하다, 씨를 뿌리다, 충분하다, 취급하다, 근무하다, 서브
scheming: 흉계가 있는, 계획적인, 자손, 종자, 알, 성숙하다, 시드된 방법, 채우다
교활한 음모, 책략적인, 교활한 경기자, 원인, 종자가 되는 것, 정액 serviceable: 쓸모 있는, 오래쓸수
scold: 꾸짖다, 앵앵거리다, seeing: 이므로, 인 사실을 생각하면, 있는, 튼튼한, 사용할 수 있는,
잔소리하다, 잔소리꾼 봄 소용에 닿는, 기꺼이 도와주는,
scorn: 경멸하다, 경멸, 떳떳하게 seek: 찾다, 와의 교제를바라다, 쓸모있는
여기지 않다, 냉소하다, 경멸받는 것, 탐구하다, 구하다, 에 가다, setting: 짐, 식자, 작곡, 둠, 박아
거절하다, 조소하다, 경멸받는 사람 하고자하다, 추구하다, 수색하다, 넣기, 날세움, 악보, 한 배의 알,
scourge: 천벌, 몹시 괴롭히다, 노력하다, 얻으려 하다, 탐색하다 환경, 놓음, 마무리칠
매질하다, 채찍, 벌하다, 매, seemly: 적당한, 점잖은, 알맞은, 품위 settle: 해결하다, 진정시키다,
징벌하다, 채찍질하다 있게 가라앉다, 결정하다, 놓다, 식민하다,
scouring: 연마, 설사, 정련, 오물, seer: 보는 사람, 예언자, 점쟁이, 자리잡게 하다, 안정시키다, 주다,
인간쓰레기, 진흙, 쓰레기, 인간 폐물 환상가, 시어, 천리안 결심하다, 이주하다
scout: 정찰하다, 정찰병, 코웃음치다, seething: 격렬한, 혹독한, 펄펄 끓는, settled: 고정된, 기틀이 잡힌, 안정된,
물리치다, 신인을 물색하는 사람, 용솟음치는, 심한, 속이 끓어 오르는, 정주한, 청산된
소년 단원녀석, 놈, 스카우트, 비등하는소용돌이치는, 동요하는, settling: 앙금, 침전물, 식민, 결정,
정찰하기, 수색하다, 찾다가 들끓는 내려앉음, 고정, 맑아짐
발견하다 seize: 잡다, 압류하다, 침범하다, sevenfold: 일곱시, 칠배로, 칠배의
scream: 소리치다, 날카로운 소리, 이용하다, 움켜쥐다, 이해하다, seventh: 일곱째의, 일곱 번째로,
깔깔대다, 매우 익살스런 사람, 큰 잡아매다, 잘 알고 있다, 붙들어 제칠, 제칠의, 칠도, 칠분의 하나,
소리를 지르다, 번지르르하여 매다, 덮치다, 엄습하다 칠분의 하나의, 칠일, 일곱번째의
어울리지 않다, 깔깔거리며 웃다, seized: 점유한 사람, 일곱번째의 사물
센세이셔널 글을 써대다, 소리질러 seizing: 압류, 잡기, 동여맴, sever: 떨어지다, 절단하다, 단절하다,
말하다, 우스꽝스러운 것, 동여매는 밧줄, 점유, 움켜짐, 꼭쥠, 가르다, 끊다, 떼어놓다, 자르다,
우스꽝스러운 사람 빼앗음, 소유, 붙잡기 끊어지다
screaming: 깜짝 놀라게 하는, self: 자기, 본인, 사욕, 이기심, severally: 각자에, 따로따로
번지르르한, 이목을 끌게 하는, 단일의, 진수, 귀사, 자아, 귀점, severely: 수수한, 간소한, 격렬한,
우스워 못 견디는, 날카롭게 외치는, 자신, 나 엄밀한, 군더더기 없는, 엄숙한,
선정적인, 깔깔 웃는, 킥킥거리는, self-confidence: 자신, 자신 과잉, 호된, 중한, 심하게, 간소하게,
외치는, 삑삑 우는, 쇳소리를 지르는 자신감, 자부 엄하게
scud: 질주, 지나가는 비, 질주하다, self-confident: 자의식이 있는, 자신 severity: 괴로움, 엄격, 간소, 격렬,
날아가는 구름, 소나기, 휙 날아감, 있는, 남의 앞을 꺼리는, 수줍어하는 모진 경험, 통렬함
휙 달림, 장거리 지대지 유도 self-reliance: 자립, 독립 독행, 자기 shade: 그늘, 망령, 땅거미, 차양,
미사일의 나토 코드명 의존 색조, 저승, 그늘지게하다, 색의
scurvy: 괴혈병, 상스러운 selfsame: 꼭 같은, 동일한 뉘앙스, 바림하다, 으로부터 빛을
search: 찾다, 뒤지다, 검색, 조사하다, selling: 판매에 종사하는, 팔리는, 막다, 어둠
탐색하다, 몸수색하다, 구하다, 판매하는 shady: 수상한, 희미한, 뒤가 구린,
속속들이 스며들다, 살피다, 유심히 semblance: 유사, 외관, 겉꾸밈, 외형, 그늘의, 좋지않은, 그늘이 많은,
보다, 조사 허울 떳떳하지 못한, 드러내 놓을 수 없는
seashore: 해안, 해변, 해안의, 해변의 seniority: 고참, 선임, 연장, 선배임, shaft: 샤프트, 수갱, 통로, 화살, 굴대,
seaside: 해변의, 해안의, 해안 선임 순위, 손위임 축대, 창자루, 광선, 배기 구멍,
seasoning: 조미, 건재, 조미료, sensible: 분별 있는, 현명한, 지각할 화살대, 축
완화제, 익힘, 양념 수 있는, 알아채고, 알아챈, 느낄 수 shaggy: 털복숭이의, 털이 더부룩한,
seated: 걸상이 ~한, 앉는 부분이 있는, 느끼기 쉬운, 감각의, 털 북숭이의, 길고 부드러운 털이
~한, 엉덩이가~한 신용본위의, 눈에 띌 정도의 있는, 털이 많은, 풀숲이 많은,
seaward: 바다쪽의, 바다쪽으로, sepulchre: 무덤, 매장, 지하 매장소, 얽히고 설킨
바다를 향한, 바다쪽 무덤에 인치하다 shake: 악수하다, 휘두르다,
secret: 비밀의, 비밀을 지키는, 비결, serene: 고요한, 맑게 갠, 평화로운, 떨어버리다, 흔들다, 흔들어 깨우다,
음부, 숨은, 신비스러운, 비법, 신비, 온화한, 잔잔한, 맑게 갠 하늘, 평온, 흩뿌리다, 흔들어 떨어뜨리다,
외딴, 불가사의, 비밀 고귀하신, 맑게 하다, 침착한 진동하다, 전음을 쓰다, 흔들리게
secretly: 비밀히, 소리를 내지 않고, serpent: 뱀, 뱀자리, 악마, 유혹자, 하다, 떨다
몰래 음험한사람, 세르팡, 뱀 같은 사람, shaker: 흔드는 사람, 후춧가루병,
securely: 안전히 하다, 안전한, 뱀좌 진교도, 교반기, 소금담개,
보증하다, 단단히 잠그다, 보험에 serrated: 톱니 모양의, 톱 모양의 셰이커교도, 흔드는 것
들다, 붙들어 매다, 확신하는, serried: 밀집한, 빽빽이 들어찬 shaking: 흔들림, 진동, 흔들리는,
 Homer
흔듦 두들기고 압축시켜 슬래그를
shalt: 직설법 현재 제거하다, 지붕널로 이다, 작은 간판,
shame: 치욕, 불명예, 수치, 창피한 연철 조각, 싱글 컷, 두들기고
일, 부끄럼, 부끄러워 하게 하다, 압축시켜 불순물을 제거하다, 싱글
모욕하다, 부끄럽게 하다, 부끄러움, 컷으로 하다
심한 짓, 잡된 행실 ship: 수송하다, 배, 을 배에 싣다,
shamefacedness: 부끄러워하는 배에 타다, 배로 가다, 설비하다, 전
shamefully: 부끄러운, 창피한 승무원, 쫓아버리다, 파도를 뒤집어
shameless: 파렴치한, 부끄러움을 쓰다, 함, 선원으로 고용하다
모르는, 수치를 모르는, 풍속을 shipboard: 배
문란케 하는 shipwright: 조선공, 배 목수, 배 대목
shaped: 모양지어진 shirt: 와이셔츠, 성내지 않다, 셔츠,
shapely: 모양이 좋은, 모양 가좋은, 내의, 포장천, 남자 잠옷
형태 가좋은 shoot: 쏘다, 쑥내밀다, 발사하다,
sharp: 날카로운, 활발한, 교활한, 내려가다, 퍼붓다, 질주하다, 나다,
갑자기, 날카롭게, 무성음의, 반음 곧게 밀다, 촬영하다, 사출하다,
높은, 드높은, 빠른, 새된, 선명한 슈트하다
sharply: 날카롭게, 빈틈없이, 갑자기, shooting: 촬영, 사격, 총사냥, 발사,
또렷하게, 세게, 민첩하게, 심하게 격통, 수렵, 사출, 사냥터, 쿡쿡
shatter: 파편, 분쇄하다, 상하다, 쑤시는 아픔, 수렵 구역
깨지다, 부서지다, 부수다, 의 마음에 shore: 육지, 지주, 해안, 육지로,
충격을 주다, 파괴하다, 약화하다, 언덕, 뭍, 나라, 떠받치다, 물가,
산산이 부수다, 산산 조각이 나다 지주로 받치다, 양륙하다
shaved: 불필요한 부품, 액세서리를 short-lived: 단명한, 일시적인
떼낸 shortly: 곧, 간단히, 쌀쌀하게, 얼마
sheath: 칼집, 엽초, 씌우개, 의 시초, 안 있어, 가까이, 직전에,
딱지날개, 여자 드레스, 외장, 잎집, 무뚝뚝하게, 이내, 즉, 퉁명스럽게,
집, 돌로 쌓은 제방 가까이서
shed: 벗다, 발하다, 격납고, 갈다, shoulder: 어깨, 어깨고기, 어깨에
깃털을 갈다, 내다, 헛간, 의지간, 총의 자세, 어깨에 해당하는 부분,
탈피하다, 흘리다, 태양열 교환 추진 어깨로 밀다, 짊어지다, 어깨살, 을
shedding: 나누기, 흘리기, 벗은 어깨로 밀다, 어깨 같은 것, 을
허물, 오두막 어깨로 밀치다, 견각
sheen: 빗남, 광채, 광택, 윤, 광휘 shout: 외침, 외치다, 승부는 났다,
sheep: 양, 신자, 양가죽, 어리석은 소리침, 소리치다, 부르짓다, 떠들어
사람, 교구민, 온순한사람, 겁쟁이 대다, 고함치다, 큰소리로 말하다,
sheer: 수직으로, 얇은, 속이 비치는 한턱낼 차례, 큰소리
얇은, 수직의, 순전한, 아주, 가파른, shouting: 외침, 환호, 고함 소리
전혀, 현호, 벗어나다, 침로를 바꾸다 shower: 소나기, 많음, 쏟아짐, 선물,
sheet: 시트, 돛, 얇은 판, 시트감, 소나기로 적시다, 빗발치듯 내리다,
판금, 판자틀, 돛의 아딧줄, 편지, 한 소나기가 쏟아지다, 뿌리다, 빗발
장, 홑이불, 펴진면 치듯함, 샤워, 소나기가 오다
shelter: 방공호, 보호하다, 피난하다, showing: 전시, 외관, 새가 좋다,
보호물, 은신처, 차페물, 주거, 진열, 꾸밈, 모양새, 전람, 상영,
햇빛을 피하다, 비호하다, 비호, 성적, 전시회, 정세
대피호 shrewd: 빈틈없는, 기민한, 모진,
shepherd: 목사, 이끌다, 양치는 심한, 약빠른, 날카로운, 짓궂은,
사람, 지키다, 양치기, 치다, 얘민한, 영리해 보이는
인도하다, 목양견 shrill: 새된 소리로, 강렬한, 날카로운
shield: 방패, 보호물, 수호하다, 무늬, 소리, 날카롭게, 높은 소리로, 새된
방패가 되다, 실드, 방패꼴, 목소리, 새된 목소리로 말하다, 새된
보호하다, 보호자, 숨기다, 순상부 목소리로, 날카로운 소리를 내다,
shifting: 이동하는, 바뀌는, 속임수, 날카로운, 과장된
협잡의, 이동, 수책을 부리는, 술책을 shrink: 뒷걸음질, 정신과 의사,
부리는 뒷걸음질 치다, 움츠리다, 추측,
shine: 햇빛, 빛나다, 장난, 닦다, 줄어들다, 줄어들게 하다, 방축
비치다, 빼어나다, 좋아함, 윤기, 가공하다, 수축, 오그라들다,
애착, 퍼렇게 멍든 눈, 일광 움츠러지다
shingle: 지붕널, 조약돌, 치깎기, shrivel: 시들다, 주름살지게 하다,
411
주름살지다, 주름지게 하다,
주름지다
shudder: 떨다, 떪, 몸서리치다, 떨림,
몸서리
shun: 차렷, 기피하다, 피하다
shuttle: 북, 우주 왕복선, 왕복 운동,
정기 왕복 버스, 정기 왕복 비행기,
정기 왕복 열치, 정기 왕복편,
우주선, 왕복하다, 좌우로 움직이다,
왕복하는 것
sick: 창백한, 병의, 병자용의,
욕지기가 나는, 그리워하는, 넌더리
나는, 상태가 좋지 않은, 싫증이
나는, 토하다, 병자의, 싫증이 나서
sift: 체질하다, 새어들다, 체를 빠져
떨어지다, 정사하다, 받다, 선별하다,
엄밀히 조사하다, 을 엄밀히
조사하다, 체로 치다, 뿌리다
sigh: 한숨, 탄식, 을 슬퍼하다,
한숨쉬며 말하다, 그리워하다,
살랑거리다, 슬퍼하다, 한숨 쉬다,
한숨 지으며 말하다, 한숨 짓듯
산들거리다, 사모하다
silence: 묵살, 무소식, 침묵, 침묵을
지킴, 침묵시키는 사람, 침묵 지키다,
잠잠하게 하다, 소음장치, 비밀,
망각, 조용히
silent: 조용한, 활동하지 않는,
묵음의, 무언의, 무언으로, 침묵하는,
조용히, 잠자코, 익명의, 침묵을
지키는, 소식이 없는
silently: 잠자코, 조용히, 아무 말
않고, 묵묵히, 고요하게
silly: 어리석은, 바보 같은, 천진한,
아연한, 단순한, 백치의, 순진한,
기절한, 바보
silt: 침니, 미사, 막다
silver: 은, 은의, 은화, 은을 입히다,
은으로 만든, 은그릇, 은도금 하다,
질산은, 질산은을 칠하다, 은실, 은
같은
silvery: 은빛의, 은과 같은, 은을
함유한, 은 같은, 은의, 은방울을
굴리는 듯한
simpleton: 바보, 얼간이
sin: 잘못, 죄, 칠죄종, 짓다, 위반,
저지르다, 벌받을 일, 죄를 짓다,
사인, 신
sincerity: 성실, 성의, 정직
sinew: 근육, 건, 힘, 돈,
근력을북돋우다, 건으로 잇다,
건으로 연결하다
sinful: 죄많은, 버력입을, 죄있는,
죄가 있는, 벌받을
sing: 노래하다, 지저귀다, 울다,
울리다, 윙윙거리다, 픽픽하다, 시를
짓다, 노래가 되다, 소리치다,
자백하다, 노래를 짓다
singe: 실패하다, 털을 그스르다, 태워
 412 The Iliad
그스르다, 탐, 눌음, 털을 태워 slayer: 살해자 snow: 눈, 순백, 백발, 코카인 가루,
없애다, 그을음, 그을다, 의 표면을 sleeping: 수면 적설, 백발로 하다, 눈이 내리다,
태우다 slew: 많음, 회전, 습지, 진창, 눈으로 파묻히게하다, 눈같이
singer: 노래하는 사람, 시인, 우는 새, 수두룩함, 돌다, 돌리다, 늪 뿌리다, 겨울, 설백
표면을 태우는 사람, 털을 그을리는 sling: 매다는 사슬, 매달다, 삼각 snowy: 오점이 없는, 눈의, 눈이
것 붕대, 투석기로 던지다, 멜빵, 메달아 오는, 눈이 쌓인, 눈이 썅 눈같은,
singing: 노래하기, 노래, 노래하는, 올리다, 투석, 투석기, 투석기로 설백의, 눈이 많은, 순백의
지저귐, 귀울림, 노래부름, 명음 쏘다, 돌을 쏨, 걸빵 soaked: 스며든, 흠뻑젖은
singlehanded: 한손의, 단독의 slip: 스르르 빠지다, 전표, soar: 높이 날기, 높이 올라가다,
single-handed: 한 손의, 한 손으로, 살짝들어가다, 몰래 달아나다, 폭등하다, 부풀다, 치솟다, 일정한
홀로, 단신 미끄러지다, 쑥 걸쳐 입다, 쑥 높이를 활공하다, 활공의 고도,
singleness: 단일, 성실, 독신, 단독 집어넣다, 의 가지를 자르다, 부전, 활공의 범위, 솟구치다, 높이 치솟다,
singly: 단독으로, 혼자서, 제 힘으로, 미끄러 뜨리다, 풀어 놓다 날기
하나씩, 한 사람씩 slope: 경사지다, 경사도, 비탈, soaring: 상승, 우뚝 솟은, 높이 날기,
singularly: 단수로, 단수, 이상하게, 경사면, 경사지게 하다, 경사, 높이 나는, 고원한, 우뚝 솟음, 날아
훌륭한, 각각의 단수의, 개개의, 단 달아나다, 어깨 총의 자세, 자체의 오르는, 활상
하나의, 독특한, 멋진, 이상한, 기울기 socket: 소켓, 소켓에 끼우다, 구멍,
현저한 sloth: 나태, 나무늘보, 게으름 접속하다, 클럽의 힐, 꽂는 구멍,
sinking: 가라앉음, 내려앉는, 쇠약 slow: 느린, 느리게, 둔한, 더딘, 끼우는 구멍, 에 소켓을 달다, 와,
가라앉는, 쇠퇴하는, 가라앉는 더디게 하다, 늦은, 재미없는, 클럽의 힐로 치다
sire: 폐하, 아버지, 아비말, 노년자, 느릿느릿, 대범한, 늦게 가는, 늦게 sodden: 설구워진, 술에 젖은,
전하, 아비, 낳게 하다 하다 잠그다, 얼빠진, 잠기다, 물기를
sirrah: 이봐, 어이, 여봐, 이 자식아 slumber: 휴지하다, 잠, 잠자다, 빨아들여 무거운, 흠뻑 젖은, 술에
sister-in-law: 제수, 형수, 시누이, 잠자면서 보내다, 활동을 쉬다, 젖게 하다, 무표정한, 말랑말랑
올케, 처제 무기력 상태, 혼수 상태 해지다, 적시다
sisyphus: 그리스의 못된 왕 smart: 스마트한, 날카로운, 고통, softly: 조용한, 수월한, 흐릿한,
sixteen: 십육세, 십육의, 열여섯, 괴로워하다, 비통, 빈틈없는, 아픔, 온화한, 연한, 상쾌한, 부드럽게,
열여섯 개, 십육세의 약삭빠른, 똑똑한, 욱시욱신 아프다, 손쉬운, 부드러운 물건, 부드러운,
sixthly: 여섯번째로 욱신욱신 쑤시는 매끈한
sixty: 예순 개, 육십세의, 육십의, smashed: 술취한 soil: 오물, 더러워지다, 더럽히다, 흙,
육십일불 어음, 육십대, 육십년대, smashing: 맹렬한, 굉장한, 분쇄하는 토양, 비료, 타락시키다, 얼룩을
육십, 육십세, 예순 개의 smell: 냄새, 의 냄새가 나다, 후각, 묻히다, 생육지, 토지, 더럼
skilful: 숙련된, 잘 만들어진 낌새, 냄새 맡음, 냄새맡고 다니다, sojourner: 머무르는 사람, 체재인
skill: 솜씨, 술련, 교묘, 문제가 되다, 악취가 나다, 알아채다, 냄새맡다, soldier: 용사, 군대에 복무하다, 군인,
숙련, 이해하다, 기능 맡아내다, 냄새가 나다 꾀부리다, 전사, 빤들거리다, 사병,
skilled: 숙련된, 기술이 좋은, 숙련이 smiling: 방긋거림, 미소, 은혜, 냉소 용병, 군인이 되다, 훈제 청어, 병사
필요한, 솜씨를 요하는, 숙련을 smite: 괴롭히다, 치밀다, 죽이다, sole: 유일한, 단독의, 발바닥, 미혼의,
요하는, 특수 기술을 요하는 매혹하다, 덮치다, 때리다, 강타하다, 독점적인, 혀가자미, 신바닥, 밑부분,
skirting: 스커트 감, 걸레받이, 시도, 강타, 때림, 세게 때리다 혀넙치, 바닥, 창을 대다
옷자락, 스커트 천, 굽도리널 smitten: 깊이 감동된, 세게 맞은 solemn: 엄숙한, 정식의, 격식 차린,
skull: 두개골, 머리, 두뇌, 머리를 smoke: 얼굴을 붉히다, 궐련, 김이 신성한, 종교 상의, 진지한, 심각한
때리다, 일류 인물 나다, 그을리다, 대마초를 피우다, 잘 표정의, 종교상의, 중대한
skull-cap: 작은 테두리 없는 모자 타지 않고 내다, 흑인, 훈제로 하다, solemnly: 엄숙하게, 장엄하게,
sky: 하늘, 날씨, 천국, 느닷없이, 덧없는 것, 여송연, 연기 진지하게
기후, 창공, 높이 날리다, 경관, 천장 smooth: 유창한, 매끄러운, 반드럽게 solid: 고체, 견실한, 입체의, 고체의,
가까이에 진열하다 함, 부드러운, 입에 당기는, 평지, 사이가 좋은, 멋진, 완전한, 순수한,
slack: 느린, 늦추다, 늘어진, 침체된, 반드러운 부분, 수염없는, 반드러운, 속이 비지 않은, 연속된, 하이픈없이
분탄, 느즈러진 곳, 느즈러진, 멋진, 귀에 거슬리지 않는 된
느슨한, 좋지 못한, 약해지다, 슬랙스 smooth-tongued: 감언이설의, 구변이 sombre: 수수한, 어두컴컴한, 음침한,
slacken: 느슨해지다, 늦추다, 좋은 침울한, 거무칙칙한, 어둠침침한
늘어지다, 게을리하다, 감소시키다, snake: 뱀, 뒤틀다, 꿈틀거리다, somehow: 웬일인지, 그럭저럭,
늦어지다 꿈틀꿈틀 움직이다, 음흉한 사람, 좌우간, 어떻든지, 어떻게 든지 하여,
slanderer: 헐뜯는 사람 잡아 끌다, 말 살며시 가벼리다, 말 어쩐지, 어떻게든지
slaughter: 학살, 도살, 학살하다, 없이 가벼리다, 묶다, 뱀 같은 인간, somewhat: 얼마간, 다소, 어느 정도,
완패, 도살하다, 대학살, 대승리를 와이어로 하수관을 청소하다 약간
거두다 snatch: 와락 붙잡다, 잡아챔, 작은 song: 노래, 가곡, 가창, 시, 지저귐,
slay: 죽이다, 파괴하다, 학살하다, 조각, 강탈, 급히 먹다, 한입, 단시간, 변명, 설명, 창가, 을 자랑하다,
끔찍하게 죽이다, 살해하다, 몹시 단편, 잡으려고 하다, 용하게 얻다, 무가차한 것, 물끓는 소리
웃기다 움켜잡으려들다 son-in-law: 사위
 Homer 413
sooner: 선구적 이주자, 선구이주민, 창으로 찌르다 오점, 조금, 발견하다, 결점,
선수치는 사람 spearing: 상대방이 멈춘후 헬멧으로 산재시키다, 지점
soothe: 달래다, 완화시키다, 박치기하기, 스틱끝으로 상대를 spotted: 반점이 있는, 얼룩덜룩한,
가라앉히다, 위로하다, 진정시키다, 찌르기 손상당한, 흠이 있는, 더럽혀진,
만족시키다 spearman: 창병 오점이 있는, 티가 있는
soothing: 누그러뜨리는, 달래는 specially: 임시로, 특히, 특별한 spouse: 배우자, 부부, 와 결혼하다
듯한, 달래는 방법으로, 특별히, 일부러, 특제로, sprawling: 불규칙하게 넓어지는,
soothsayer: 점쟁이, 예언자 각별히, 모처럼 아무렇게 휘갈긴, 팔다리를 흉하게
sore: 상처, 아픈, 언짢은 추억, speechless: 말을 못하는, 잠자코 쭉 뻗은, 기어가는 듯한, 불규칙하게
지독한, 성마른, 슬픈, 아프게, 있는, 말 못하는, 말문이 막힌, 뻗는
얼얼한, 비통, 힘차게, 진무른데 말하지 않는, 이루 형언할 수 없는 spray: 물보라, 분무기, 작은 가지,
sorely: 슬픈, 따끔 따끔 쑤시는, speeding: 속도위반, 속도를 위반한, 흡입기, 안개를 뿜다, 물보라를
고통을일으키는, 상처, 성난, 비통, 고속으로 움직이는, 고속 진행 일으키다, 산탄을 퍼붓다, 가지 무늬,
힘사게, 아프게, 진무른데, 지독한, spin: 낙제시키다, 질주하다, 잣다, 퍼붓다, 가지 모양의 무늬, 가지
격심한 방적하다, 짓다, 회전시켜 만들다, 모양의 장식
sorrow: 불행, 슬픔, 고난, 슬픈, 어질어질하다, 눈이 핑 돌다, 토하다, spread: 펴다, 퍼지다, 유포,
슬퍼보이는, 아쉬움, 슬퍼하다, 후회, 뱅글뱅글 돌다, 급락 퍼뜨리다, 미치다, 보급, 뻗다,
고생 spine: 등뼈, 척주, 가시, 돌기, 책의 유포하다, 흩뿌리다, 펼치다, 큰 기사
sorrowful: 슬픈, 가슴아픈, 등, 바늘 spring: 봄, 샘, 용수철을 달다, 튀다,
슬퍼보이는, 애처로운, 슬퍼하는, spiral: 나선형의, 나선, 연속적 변동, 폭발시키다, 도약하다, 뛰다,
슬프게 하는, 슬픔에 젖은, 후회하는 나선 비행, 나선형으로 하다, 뛰어넘다, 반동, 원천, 청춘
sorrowfully: 슬픈, 애처로운, 소용돌이선, 나선형으로 상승하다, springing: 도약운동, 스프링
슬퍼보이는, 가슴아픈 나선형을 그리다, 나선형으로 sprinkle: 끼얹다, 조금, 뿌리다, 비가
soul: 영혼, 정수, 정신, 확실히, 기백, 강하하다, 나선상 진행 과정, 뿌리다, 부슬비, 붓다, 뿌림, 물을
단연코, 열정, 화신, 사람, 흑인이 나선비행 뿌리다, 살수, 흩뿌림, 드문드문함
전하는 강렬한 느낌, 흑인 본래의 spiritless: 생기 없는, 마음내키지 sprinkling: 살포, 흩뿌리기, 소량,
sounder: 음향기, 울리는 것, 전음 않는, 기운 없는, 생명 없는 잠깐 동안의 흩뿌림, 후두두내림,
발신기, 측심원, 소리내는 것, spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 소수, 살수, 드문드문, 부슬부슬
소식자, 울리는 사람, 측심기, 산돼지 짓궂게 굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 내림, 후두두 내림
떼 불구하고, 짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다 sprout: 싹양배추, 기르다, 싹이 트다,
sounding: 수심, 과장된, 측연선으로 spitefully: 에 짓궂게 굴다, 앙심으로, 의 싹을 따다, 싹트게 하다, 갑자기
잴 수 있는곳, 거창하게 들리는, 원한, 을 돌보지 않고, 악의, 에도 자라다, 새싹, 싹, 싹을 따다, 젊은이,
소리를 내는, 울려 퍼지는, 측심, 불구하고 싹트다
조사, 측연이 미치는 측정 범위, 수심 spleen: 비장, 지라, 우울, 노여움, sprung: 얼근한
측량, 소리나는 언짢음, 원한, 의기소침, 기분이 spun: 자은, 실 모양으로한,
soundly: 충분히, 건전한, 확실한, 언짢음 잡아늘인, 잡아 늘인, 지칠 대로 지친
합리적인, 철저한, 강하지않은, splendid: 화려한, 빛나는, 훌륭한, spur: 박차, 격려하다, 며느리발톱,
안전한, 건전하게 굉장한, 근사한, 멋진, 눈부신 돌출부, 격려, 박차를 가하다,
sovereignty: 주권, 독립국, 주권자의 splendour: 빛남, 광채, 호화, 훌륭함, 아이젠, 짧은 가지, 자극, 지선,
지위 현저함, 장려, 현저, 광휘를 나타내는 박차를 달다
spacious: 넓찍한, 넓은, 드넓은 것, 광휘를 주는 것 spurn: 일축, 퇴짜, 자빡, 일축하다,
span: 뼘으로 재다, 한 쌍의 말, 한뼘, split: 분할, 갈라진, 갈라진 금, 걷어차다, 걷어차기, 쫑아버리다,
짧은 길이, 전장, 경간, 한쌍의 말, 밀고하다, 분열시키다, 쪼개다, 불화, 쫓아버리다, 딱 거절하다, 차버림,
전폭, 걸치다, 한 뼘, 한 멍에에 매인 균열, 쪼개진, 반병, 분리 차다
한 쌍의 소 spoil: 관직, 망치다, 이권, 약탈하다, spurred: 박차를 단, 쇠발톱이 있는,
spare: 절약하다, 할애하다, 용서하다, 발굴물, 약탈품, 아이를 응석받이로 독촉을 받은, 다그쳐진
나누어 주다, 예비품, 아끼지 않다, 키우다, 못쓰게 되다, 손상케하다, spy: 스파이, 찾아내다, 탐정하다,
아끼다, 없는대로 지내다, 억누르다, 상하다, 약탈 면밀히 조사하다, 염탐하다,
검약하다, 삼가다 spoken: 구두, 입으로 말하는, 스파이짓 하다, 알아보다
sparkling: 반짝이는, 번득이는, 구두의, 담화에 사용되는, 말에 squeaky: 굉장히 깨끗한, 삐걱거리는,
거품이 이는, 불꽃을 튀기는 사용되는 찍찍소리내는, 삐꺽거리는,
sparrow: 참새, 스패로 sponge: 해면, 해면으로 닦다, 식객, 앙앙우는, 찍찍거리는, 굉장히
sparta: 스파르타의, 검소하고 굳센 술고래, 해면 모양의 물건, 해면에 청결한, 끽끽 소리 내는, 찍찍 소리
speaking: 말하기, 연설, 정치적 집회, 흡수시키다, 해면을 따다, 흡수하다, 내는
이야기 하기에 적합한, 담화, 스펀지, 패배를 자인하다, 등치다 squire: 기사의 종자, 시골 유지,
이야기를 할 정도의, 생생한, 말하는, sport: 운동가, 농담, 운동회, 노름꾼, 대지주, 여자를 모시고 다니는 신사,
말이라도 할 것 같은 낭비하다, 장난, 과시하다, 오락, 모시고 다니다, 치안판사, 치안 판사,
spear: 창, 싹, 싹이 트다, 어린 가지, 경기, 시원시원한 남자, 사냥꾼 에스코트하다, 시골의 대지주,
창처럼 꽂히다, 창병, 작살, 싹트다, spot: 점, 반점, 얼룩, 당장의, 흑점, 숙녀를 에스코트하는 사람, 변호사
 414 The Iliad
stag: 수사슴, 남자들만의, 수짐승, 뒤덮인, 둘러싸인 보관하다, 백화점, 저장소, 저장,
여자를 동반치 않은 남자, 수컷, stem: 생기다, 종족, 줄기, 어간, 기억시키다, 저축하다, 비축,
남자만으로, 남자만의, 여자 동반 거슬러 나아가다, 막다, 자루, 대, 떼어두다, 넣을 여지가 있다
없이 가는 사람, 권리주 매매상, 저항하다, 혈통, 줄기 모양의 부분 storehouse: 창고, 보고
권리주 매매인, 남성용 포르노의 stepmother: 의붓어머니, 계모, storm: 폭풍우, 강습, 강습하다,
stain: 얼룩, 오점, 더러워지다, 착색, 의붓어미 날뛰다, 호통치다, 빗발치듯 하는
착색하다, 흠, 더럽히다, 손상시키다, stern: 황량한, 엄격한, 고물, 쓸쓸한, 총알, 큰비, 폭발, 돌진하다,
얼룩지다, 얼룩을 묻히다, 더럼 선미, 굳은, 준엄한, 단호한, 고물 험알해지다, 심한 천둥
stake: 내기, 이해 관계, 말뚝, 상금, 별자리, 피할 도리가 없는, 엉덩이 stormer: 돌격 대원, 급습자, 마구
말뚝에 매다, 화형주, 내기에 건 돈, sternly: 엄숙하게, 단호하게, 날뛰는사람
걸다, 의식을 공급하다, 내개 경마, 피폐하게, 엄격하게, 엄하게 stout: 뚱뚱한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 살찐,
화형 sternness: 단호함, 준엄함, 엄숙함, 흑맥주, 억센, 비만형의 옷, 끄떡도
stallion: 씨말, 종마, 확실한 대답을 냉혹, 황량함, 엄함, 엄격함 않는, 독한, 스타우트
피하다 stew: 뭉근불로 끓이다, 마음 졸이다, stoutly: 용감하게, 튼튼하게
stalwart: 충실한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 근심, 초조, 약한 불로 끓이다, 스튜 straggler: 낙오자, 우거져 퍼지는 풀,
키가 크고 늠름한 사람, 매우 충실한 요리, 스튜, 매춘굴, 애타우다, 불규칙하게 뻗어나간 가지, 미조
사람, 매우 충실한, 키가 크고 늠름한 애타게 하다, 애타다 straightway: 곧, 당장에, 직접
standing: 지위, 상비의, 서 있음, steward: 간사, 집사, 기선, 여객계원, 일직선의, 즉시, 즉각, 일직선으로,
영구적인, 존속, 괴어 있는, 명성, 식사 담당원, 식사 담당자, 사환, 직선의, 일직선의
입목, 관에 박힌, 베지 않은, 서 있는 회계 strain: 긴장시키다, 거르다, 종족,
star: 별, 스타, 스타의, 인기 배우, stick: 붙이다, 찌르다, 잔가지, 경향, 혈통, 기미, 남용하다,
지구, 튀어나다, 훈장, 주요한, 을 조종간, 단장, 나무토막, 지팡이 접질하다, 잡아당기다, 성격, 너무
주역으로 하다, 운수, 별로 장식하다 멍청이, 연속 무하 폭탄, 고착 써서 손상 시키다
staring: 응시하는, 야한, 혼란한, 시키다, 엄청난 값을 부르다, 걸리게 strained: 억지의, 팽팽한, 긴박한,
전혀, 노려보는 하다 긴장한, 긴장된, 억지로 지어낸,
starry: 별이 많은, 별처럼 빛나는, sticking: 끈적거림, 끈적끈적한, 부자연스러운
별빛의, 별의, 별모양의, 별 모양의 늘어붙는, 개탕 대패로 깎기 straitly: 엄격하게, 좁게, 답답하게
stars: 별빛 stickle: 망설이다, 완고하게 straits: 궁핍
starting: 출발, 개시 주장하다, 하찮은 일에 이의를 strangely: 이상하게, 기묘하게,
stated: 정해진, 진술된 말하다, 과장해서 요란스럽게 서먹서먹하게, 기묘하게도,
stately: 위엄 있는, 장엄한 떠들어 대기, 완강하게 주장하다 색다르게, 이상하게도
stature: 발달, 신장 성장, 키, 성장, stiff: 시체, 딱딱한, 빡빡한, 독한, stranger: 손님, 제삼자, 낯선 사람,
성장도 강세의, 완고한, 뻣뻣한, 되게 새로 온 사람, 무 경험자, 모르는
staunch: 물이 새지 않는 반죽된, 딱딱한사람, 잘움직이지 사람, 을 쌀쌀하게대하다, 여보세요,
stave: 통널, 보표, 장대, 부서지다, 않는, 경직한 팽팽한 문외한
디딤대, 시구, 절, 통널을 붙이다, 연, stillness: 침묵, 조용한 환경, 정적, strap: 가죽끈, 가죽숫돌, 기죽
막대, 깨지다 고요, 평온, 소리 없는 곳, 고, 고요함 손잡이, 띠쇠, 혁지, 혁지로 갈다,
stead: 대신, 장소, 이익, 도움, 남에게 stir: 활동, 움직이다, 움직임, 휘젓다, 손잡이 가죽끈, 가죽끈으로 때리다,
쓸모가 도움이 되다, 남에게 쓸모가 뒤섞다, 흥분, 찌르기, 휘젓기, 가죽으로 묶다, 견장, 반창고를
있다 유통하다, 흥분시키다, 활동하다 붙이다
steadfast: 견실한, 부동의, 고정된 stirring: 감동시키는, 붐비는, 활발한, straw: 짚, 밀짚, 가짜의, 하찮은,
steadfastly: 확고부동하게, 불변으로 활약하는 하찮은 물건, 짚한 오라기, 짚으로
steady: 침착한, 착실한, 흔들리지 stockyard: 가축 수용장, 가축우리, 만든, 스트로, 밀짚모자, 하찮은 것,
않는, 변치 않는, 간단없는, 이미 가축 수용소, 가축 우리, 가축을 짚으로 만든 것
정해진친구, 한결같은, 꾸준한, 견고 가두어 두는 곳 strayed: 길을 잃는
하게 하다, 견고한, 안정시키다 stole: 여자용 어깨 걸이, 영대, 스톨, stream: 시내, 흐르다, 흐름,
steal: 훔치다, 도둑질하다, 도루하다, 길고 헐거운 겉옷, 주부용 외투 펄럭이다, 풍조, 경향, 흘리다,
훔침, 횡재, 도둑질, 도루, 몰래 손에 stolen: 훔친 유출시키다, 정보의 흐름, 펄럭이게
넣다, 훔친물건, 몰래가다조용히 stomach: 위, 식욕, 욕망, 참다, 먹다, 하다, 물결
움직이다, 싸게 산 물건 삼키다, 소화하다, 기호, 기분, 복부 stress: 강세, 압박, 강조하다, 노력,
steam: 힘, 증발하다, 김, 증기, stony: 돌의, 돌이 많은, 무표정한, 강조, 긴장, 압력, 중요성, 중점을
증기로 움직이다, 찌다, 기선 여행, 무정한, 돌같은, 부동의, 냉혹한, 두다, 스트레스, 강세를 두다
증기를 쐬다, 원기, 증기을 내다, 망연자실하게 하는, 씨가 많은, stretch: 기지개를 켜다, 펴다, 뻗다,
김이 서려 흐리다 돌처럼 단단한 펴지다, 펼치다, 뻗치다, 억지로 갖다
steed: 말, 기운찬 말 stoop: 새우등, 현과의 툇마루, 허리가 붙이다, 잡아당기다, 에 미치다,
steep: 담그는 액체, 험한, 엄청난, 굽다, 전락하다, 굽히다, 굴종, 겸손, 손발을 뻗다, 긴장
가풀막, 적시다, 담그다, 담금, 몰두 구부러지다, 몸을 굽히다, 하다, stretched: 잡아당기는
시키다, 급경사진, 가파른, 적심 자신을 낮추어 stricken: 맞은, 다친, 덮친, 습격당한
steeped: 깊이 스며든, 액체에 담근, store: 축적, 공급하다, 창고에 strict: 엄한, 절대적인, 정확한,
 Homer
엄격한, 긴장된, 엄밀한, 완전한 재산, 물건, 본질, 사실상,
stride: 쉽사리 헤어나다, 한걸음, 실질적으로, 자산, 거의 대부분
활보하다, 큰걸음, 큰 걸음으로 걷다, subtle: 미묘한, 포착하기 어려운,
성큼넘다, 급히 가다, 큰 걸음, 걸터 희박한, 음흉한, 예민한, 미세한,
앉다, 한걸음의 폭, 걸터 서다 서서히 효과가 나타나는, 교활한,
strife: 싸움, 투쟁, 다툼 묽은, 파악하기 어려운, 세밀한
strike: 때리다, 치다, 찌어내다, succeed: 에 계속하다, 성공하다,
부딪다, 발견하다, 느끼게 하다, 잇따라 일어나다, 계속되다,
뜻밖에 만나다, 푹 찌르다, 맞히다, 입신하다, 의 뒤를 잇다, 계승하다,
가하다, 공격하다 의 자리를 계승하다, 후임이 되다
striking: 치는, 파업중인, 인상적인, succour: 돕다, 구원, 구원하다, 구조
현저한, 두드러진, 눈에 띄는 구조하다, 구조, 원조자, 원조하다,
string: 현, 일렬, 속이다, 긴장시키다, 구조자
끈, 부대 조건, 실이되다, 섬유를 sudden: 돌연한, 갑작스런, 돌연
떼다, 실, 의 현을 조르다, 일렬로 suffer: 입다, 견디다, 당하다, 병에
늘어세우다 걸리다, 괴로워하다, 손해를 입다,
strip: 벗기다, 옷을 벗다, 길고 겪다, 고생하다, 허용하여, 아파하다,
가느다란 조각, 장비를 떼다, 활주로, 하게 하다
벌거숭이로 만들다, 빼앗다, 철판 suffering: 괴로움, 고통, 피해, 고생,
활주로, 연재만화, 의 덮개를 없애다, 수난, 재난, 재해, 괴로운
줄거리를 떼어내다 suffice: 에 충분하다, 충분하다,
strive: 노력하다, 싸우다, 겨루다, 만족시키다, 족하다
애쓰다 sufficiently: 충분히
strongly: 강하게, 튼튼하게, 열심히, suffuse: 뒤덮다, 채우다
맹렬히, 공고히, 강경히, 강경하게, suit: 형편이 좋다, 청원, 소송, 한 벌,
격심하게 적합하다, 탄원, 구애, 적합하게
struck: 파업으로 폐쇄된 하다, 에 어울리다, 남하는 대로
struggle: 노력, 고투, 버둥질, 밀어 하다, 의 마음에 들다
헤치고 나아가다, 고투하다, 격투, suitable: 적당한, 어울리는
노력하다, 발버둥질, 허위적거리다, suited: 의 슈트를 입은, 슈트를 입은,
몸부림, 몸부림치다 적합하여, 어울려
struggling: 분투하는, 생활고와 sulkily: 셀쭉하여, 심술나서,
싸우는, 기를쓰는, 발버둥치는, 부루퉁해서, 부구퉁하여, 토라져서
노력하는 sulphur: 유황, 유황색
stubborn: 완고한, 완강한, 다루기 sum: 금액, 합계, 요점, 총계, 절정,
어려운, 말 안 듣는, 단단한 개략, 요약하다, 이 도, 개요, 합집합,
stubbornly: 완강히, 완고하게 의 개요를 설명하다
stumble: 말을 더듬다, 실책, summit: 절정, 정상, 수뇌회담,
비틀거림, 비틀거리게 하다, 수뇌부, 모서리, 정상 회담, 정점,
망설이다, 실수, 더듬거리다, 꼭대기, 수뇌 회담, 수뇌급, 수뇌급의
마주치다, 헛딛어 곱드러지다, summon: 소집하다, 불러 일으키다,
망설이게 하다, 비틀거리다 요구하다, 호출하다, 에게 항복을
stump: 유세하다, 의족, 그루터기, 권고하다, 소환하다, 에 권유하다
괴롭히다, 뿌리, 의족으로 걷다, summons: 소환, 소집, 호출, 법정에
곤경에 빠져, 꼬투리, 난처하게 하다, 소환하다, 호출하다, 소환하다, 출두
도전하다, 쿵쿵 걷다 명령
sturdy: 억센, 불굴의, 완강한, 건전한, sunk: 침몰된, 물밑의, 움푹한
우람스러운 sunlight: 햇빛, 일광
styx: 삼도내 sunset: 말기, 해질녘, 일몰, 저녁놀,
subdue: 정복하다, 억제하다, 이기다, 종말, 일물
복종시키다, 누르다, 부드럽게 하다 sunshine: 햇빛, 맑은 날씨, 명랑,
subjection: 복종, 정복, 종속, 양지, 쾌활
좌지우지됨, 의존함, 좌우됨 supper: 저녁 식사, 밤참
submit: 복종시키다, 제출하다, supple: 유순한, 나긋나긋한, 유연한,
복종하다, 공손히 아뢰다, 부탁하다 경쾌한, 아첨하는, 유연하게 하다,
subsist: 생존하다, 존재하다, 유순하게 하다, 유순하게 되다
급양하다, 밥을 대다, 생활하다, suppliant: 탄원하는, 애원하는 듯한,
존속하다, 에게 양식을 공급하다 탄원자, 탄원하는 듯한
substance: 실체, 물질, 실질, 요지, supplication: 기원, 탄원, 간청
415
supreme: 최후의, 지고의, 최고도,
최고위의, 절대의
surf: 밀려오는 파도, 파도를 타다,
바닷가에 밀려서 부서지는 흰 파도
surfeit: 식상하다, 과다, 과식, 식상,
포만, 과도, 과식시키다, 과식하다,
과음시키다, 과음하다
surgeon: 군의관, 외과 의사, 선의
surpass: 보다낫다, 보다 낫다
surpassing: 뛰어난, 비상한, 우수한,
빼어난
surprise: 기습, 놀람, 놀라게 하다,
불시의 공격, 불시에 습격하다, 현행
중에 붙잡다, 놀라운 일, 뜻밖의,
시키다, 불시에 쳐서, 놀라운 사건
surprised: 놀란, 놀라다
suspect: 의심하다, 용의자,
의심스러운, 알아채다, 느끼다, 이
아닌가 생각하다, 의심을 품다
sustained: 지속된
swallow: 참다, 제비, 식도,
빨아들이다, 취소하다, 삼킴, 한
모금, 삼키다, 받아들이다, 억누르다,
곧이듣다
swans: 백조의 솜털
swarm: 떼짓다, 무리, 군중, 떼지어
분봉하다, 떼, 다수, 꿀벌떼, 기어
오르다, 부유 세포군, 분봉하다, 벌
떼
swart: 햇볕에 타게 하는, 유독한,
가무잡잡한, 찰싹 때려 잡다, 찰싹
때림
swathe: 붕대, 붕대로 감다, 포위하다,
싸다, 싸는 천, 붕대를 감다
sway: 흔들다, 동요, 지배하다,
좌우하다, 지배, 의 결의를 움직이다,
흔들리다, 좌우 하는 힘, 자유로이
하는 힘, 의 의견을 움직이다
swear: 맹세하다, 저주, 선서시키다,
선서하다, 단언하다, 벌받을 소리를
하다, 서약하다, 욕, 욕지거리하다,
한 상태로 하다, 맹세코
sweat: 땀, 고역, 혹사하다, 걱정하여,
땀 흘려 일하다, 열심히 일하여,
고문하다, 땀으로 적시다, 땀을
흘리게 하다, 땀을 흘리다, 물기
sweated: 저임금 노동의
sweating: 고문, 고역, 발한, 착취당함
sweep: 옷자락을 끌며 걷다, 털다,
청소하다, 엄습하다, 길고 큰 노,
굴뚝 청소부, 타다, 만곡, 먼지, 한 번
휘두르기, 청소
sweet: 단 것, 사탕, 캔디, 친절한,
신선한, 상냥한, 상냥하게, 향기로운,
맛있는, 귀여운, 순조롭게
sweetly: 상냥하게, 달게, 귀엽게,
향기롭게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 잘
들어, 아름답게
swell: 멋쟁이, 부풀다, 멋진, 달인,
 416 The Iliad
붇다, 증대, 명사, 훌륭한, 맵시 있는, 괴롭히다, 돌진하다 직조하다, 질감 묘사, 직조법, 기질,
늘다, 높이다 tearfully: 슬프게, 눈물어린 채로 색조 묘사
swerve: 빗나감, 빗나가다, 벗어남, tearing: 찢는, 괴로운, 냅다, thalia: 미의 세여신 그레이시스의
바른 길에서 벗어나다, 빗나가게 미친듯이, 사납게 날뛰는, 잡아뜯는, 하나, 희극의 여신, 목가의 여신
하다, 곡구, 바른길에서 벗어나다 맹렬이, 쥐어 뜯는, 쥐어뜯는 듯한, thankful: 감사하고 있는, 감사의,
swift: 즉석의, 빠른, 칼새, 하기 쉬운, 맹렬한, 맹렬히 감사하는
빨리, 순식간의, 스위프트, 잽싸게, tease: 괴롭히기, 조르기, 놀려대기, thanks: 고마워요, 감사합니다,
동작이 빠른 사람, 동작이 빠른 것 조르는 사람, 놀려대는 사람, 고맙습니다, 감사
swiftly: 빨리, 신속히, 즉시, 즉석에서 괴롭히다, 괴롭히는 사람, 조르다, thebes: 테베
swollen: 부푼, 물이 불은, 과장된 놀려대다, 곯리는 사람, 곯리기 thee: 너를, 너에게
swoon: 기절, 차츰 사라져 가다, teeth: 이 theirs: 그들의 것
졸도, 졸도하다, 기절하다, 약해지다 telamon: 남상주 theme: 테마, 주제, 주선율, 과제
swoop: 잡아채다, 위로부터의 습격, telling: 효과적인, 현저한, 인상적인, 작문, 주제 음악, 화제, 논제, 어간,
위에서 와락 덮치다, 급습하다, 드러내는, 뚜렷한, 유효한, 현저한 작문
움켜잡다, 급습, 내리 덮치다 이야기하기, 감정을 나타내는, 말함, themis: 테미스, 정의
sword: 검, 무력, 전쟁, 칼, 총검 이야기함 thence: 그때부터, 그러므로,
sword-cut: 칼에 베인 상처 temper: 기분, 기질, 침착, 평정, 굳기, 거기서부터, 그런고로, 그곳에서부터
sworn: 맹세한, 선서한 되불림, 알맞은 조합정도, 적당한 thenceforth: 그때 이래, 그러므로,
swung: 흔들거리는, 물결 모양의 정도, 반죽하다, 부드러워지다, 그래서, 그곳에서부터, 그때부터,
tablet: 정제, 서판, 메모장, 평판, 되불리다 거기서 부터, 그때이래
타블렛, 편지지 첩, 태블릿, 직사각형 tempest: 대소동, 사나운비바람, thenceforward: 그래서, 그러므로,
판, 정제로 하다, 갓돌, 판 폭풍우, 대폭풍우, 대폭설, 몹시 그곳에서부터, 그때부터, 그때이래
tackling: 태클 동작, 도르래 장치, 사나워지게 하다 thereafter: 그것에 의해서, 그 이후,
도구의 한벌, 밧줄, 배의 삭구, temple: 신전, 관자놀이, 성단, 절, 그 뒤로, 그에 따라, 그후에
붙잡고 방해함, 고패 장치 교회, 사원, 전당, 쳇발, 고대 유대의 therefrom: 거기서부터
tail: 계사 한정, 한사의, 꼬리, 3신전의 하나, 안경 다리, 성령의 전 therein: 그 속에, 그 점에서, 그
꼬리를자르다, 화폐의 뒷면, 한사 tempt: 유혹하다, 무릅쓰다, 가운데에
상속 재산, 의 꼬리를 잡아 당기다, 시도하다, 성나게 하다, 꾀다, 당기게 thereof: 그것의, 거기서부터, 그것에
에 꼬리를 달다, 미행하다, 잇다, 하다, 할 생각이 나게 하다, 시험하다 관해서, 그것으로부터
꼬리 모양의 것 tempting: 유혹하는, 황홀하게 하는, thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시
tale: 이야기, 총수, 거짓말, 험담, 부추기는, 마음이 당기는 thereto: 그밖에 다시, 거기에, 거기에
전체, 수, 소문, 비밀을 퍼뜨리다, tender: 허약한, 간호인, 부드러운, 더하여, 또, 게다가 또, 그것에
고자질, 계산, 객담 제출하다, 입찰하다, 부속선, 감시인, thereupon: 그위에, 그러므로,
talent: 재능, 연예인, 재능 있는 입찰, 제공, 친절한, 탄수차 그리하여, 거기서, 그 위에, 그 후
사람들, 인재, 고대 그리스, 재주, tent: 텐트, 주거, 천막으로 덮다, 빨간 즉시
탤런트, 히부리의 무게 이름, 재능 포도주, 텐트 모양의 물건, 휴대 therewith: 그것과 함께, 곧, 그
있는 사람, 자기 마음대로 거는 암실, 거즈심을 넣어 벌려두다, 까닭에, 그것으로 써, 그리하여,
사람들 텐트로 덮다, 집, 진홍색의 포도주, 그래서
tall: 과장된, 높은, 높이의, 엄청난, 키 상처 구멍에 넣는 거즈심 theseus: 아테네의 영웅
큰, 키가 큰, 거창하게, 거창한, 긴, tenth: 운량 단위 기수, 열번째로, thick: 가장 두꺼운부분, 두껍게,
많은 열번째의 것, 열번째의 사람, 제 10, 우거진 수풀, 만난을 무릅쓰고, 한창
tamarisk: 위성류 제십, 제십의 때, 굵은, 진하게, 두꺼운, 빽빽한,
tamely: 거칠게, 길들어서, termagant: 쨍쨍대는 여자, 잔소리가 짙은, 진한
야성적으로, 유순하게 심한, 괄괄한 여자, 사나운 thicket: 덤불, 잡목숲
tamer: 길들이는 사람 이슬람교도의 신, 입정사나운 thickly: 불명료하게, 빽빽하게, 탁한
tarry: 늦어지다, 기다리다, 타르의, terrible: 무서운, 몹시, 극히 서투른, 목소리로, 두껍게, 굵게, 무성하게,
망설이다, 타르로 더럽혀진, 타르를 호된, 무서운 사람, 대단한 잔뜩, 짙게
칠한, 머무르다, 체재, 체재하다 terribly: 무섭게, 무시무시하게, 몹시, thief: 도둑
tartarus: 지옥, 타르타로스 지독하게, 심하게 thieves: 도둑
taste: 시식, 취미, 맛보다, 맛, 미각, terrific: 무서운, 굉장한, 대단한, thigh: 넓적다리, 가랑이, 대퇴골,
기호, 의 맛이 나다, 풍미, 한 입, 이상한, 훌륭한, 무시무시하다, 허벅다리
풍미가 있다, 한 번 맛보기 무섭다, 소름이 끼치다 thin: 드문드문한, 얇은, 가는, 묽은,
taunt: 조롱, 조롱거리, 욕설, 냉소, terror: 공포, 무서운사람, 무서움, 빈약한, 야위다, 천박한, 얼마
욕하여...시키다, 높고 잘 정비된, 성가신 녀석, 몹시 들볶아대는 것, 안되는, 얇게하다, 약해지다, 약하게
조롱하다, 의장을 갖추고 공포 정치, 테러 하다
tawny: 황갈색, 황갈색의 testimony: 증명, 항의, 십계, 증언, thirdly: 세 번째로, 세번째로, 세째로,
tear: 눈물, 쥐어뜯다, 찢다, 증거, 신의 가르침, 신앙 성명, 성서, 제3으로, 제삼으로
분열시키다, 비애, 할퀴다, 질주하다, 십계명, 고백, 증엄 thirst: 갈증, 갈망, 갈망하다, 목마름,
잡아뜯다, 미친듯이 날뛰다, texture: 직물, 결, 조직, 감촉, 천감, 한잔 마시고 싶다, 목마르다
 Homer 417
thirteen: 십삼세, 십삼세의, 십삼의, 하고 치다, 추락, 쿵 올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다,
열세개, 열셋 thump: 심하게 때리다, 두근 거리다, 짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을
thirteenth: 열세번째의, 제13의, 탁 부딪치다, 탁하고 떨어지다, 애써 이룩하다
제십삼의, 십삼번째의 사람, 강력히 변호하다, 강력히 선전하다, token: 기념품, 표, 이름만의,
십삼분의 일, 십삼분의 일의, 제십삼, 강력히 지지하다, 두근거리다, 대용화폐, 명목상의, 암호, 유물,
십삼번째의 것 쿵쿵거리며 걷다, 때림, 탁하고 치다 점점, 증거, 전조, 신호
thither: 저기에, 저쪽에, 저쪽의, thunder: 위협, 우레, 천둥, 비난, tomb: 무덤, 매장하다, 묘비, 죽음
저쪽으로 호통, 장기를 가로채다, 요란한 울림, tongs: 집게, 부젓가락, 화젓가락
thong: 가죽끈, 회초리끈, 가죽 끈, 천둥치다, 위협하다, 호통치다, tongue: 말, 혀, 국어, 탕, 혀를
가죽 끈으로 때리다, 가죽 끈을 달다 요란한 소리를 내다 사용하여 불다, 혀를 사용하다,
thou: 너는, 네가, 달러, 당신은, 천개, thunderbolt: 벼락, 청천 병력, 뇌전, 널름거리다, 혀 모양의 것, 말하다,
파운드 성미가 벼락 같은 사람, 번개 혀 모양의 가장자리를 만들다,
thousands: 오만 thunderer: 벼락 같은 소리를 지르는 혀처럼 생긴 것
thrace: 트라키아 사람, 뇌신, 호통치는 사람, 고함치는 tools: 도구
thracian: 트라키아 사람 사람, 일대경세지 topmost: 최고의, 절정의, 최상의
thrash: 때리기, 도리깨질, thundering: 엄청나게, 터무니없는, tops: 최상의
도리깨질하다, 채찍질하다, 뒹굴다, 우뢰같이 울리는, 우뢰같은, torch: 횃불, 빛, 막대 모양의 회중
때리다, 탈곡하다, 록 음악의 한 터무니없이, 매우, 뇌성같이 울리는, 전등, 토치램프, 회중 전등, 지식의
형식, 두드리다, 파도를 거슬러 뇌성 같은, 거대한, 우뢰 같은 등불, 방화범, 문화의 등불, 토치
나아가다, 파도를 헤치고 나아가다 thwart: 반대하다, 카누의 창막이, torchlight: 횃불빛, 횃불의, 횃불의 빛
thrashing: 타작, 탈곡, 도리깨질, 좌절시키다, 보트나 카누의 가로장, torrent: 연발, 분류, 억수같이 쏟아짐,
대패, 채찍질 가로질러, 가로지른, 방해하다, 억수, 급류
thread: 실, 실에 꿰다, 실을 꿰다, 훼방놓다, 가로놓인, 보트 젓는 tossing: 야당, 변명, 아웃, 탈락, 외부,
재봉실, 나삿니를 내다, 섬유, 끈 실, 사람의 좌석, 을 가로질러서 수비측
섬조, 누비듯이지나가다, 연속, 가는 thy: 그대의 touched: 감동한, 머리가 약간 돈,
것 tide: 풍조, 때, 경향, 극복하다, 조수, 감동된, 조금 미친, 조금미친
threat: 흉조, 위협, 협박, 강적 흐름, 조수를 타고가다, 헤어나게 tough: 강인한, 곤란한, 고된,
threaten: 위협하다, 할 듯하다, 하다, 성쇠, 나르다, 견뎌내게 하다 구부려도 꺾이지 않는, 난폭한,
닥치고 있다, 의 우려가 있다, 할 tidings: 소식, 통지, 사건, 기별 다루기 힘든, 괴로운, 차진, 믿어지지
우려가 있다, 협박하다, 임박하다 tightly: 단단히, 팽팽하게, 꾀, 꽉 않는, 혹심한, 참고 견디다
threatening: 험악한, 위협적인, 죄어져, 꼭 toward: 에 대하여, 을 위하여,
일너날 듯이, 찌푸린, 협박하는, till: 까지, 갈다, 돈궤, 서랍, 귀중품함, 가까이, 온순한, 으로의, 의 쪽으로,
위험한, 일어날 듯한, 협박적인 할 때까지는, 하여 마침내, 표석 무렵, 쪽으로, 바야흐로 일어나려는,
threefold: 삼면 장치, 삼배로, 삼배의, 점토, 배양하다, 땅을 갈다, 까지줄곧 에 가까이, 전도 유망한
삼부분이 있는, 삼중로, 요소이 있는 timber: 재목, 큰 재목, 재목으로 tower: 탑, 성채, 성루, 높이 솟아
three-legged: 다리가 셋인 건축하다, 인품, 선재, 용재, 소질, 오르다, 요새, 우뚝 솟다, 철도
threshold: 문지방, 역, 문간, 시초, 수목, 삼림, 목조 장애물, 삼주문 신호소, 곧추 올라가다, 일직선으로
입구, 출발점, 발단, 역역 timid: 겁많은, 수줍어하는, 날아오름, 솟다, 끄는 것
thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고 머뭇거리는 towering: 높이 솟은, 격렬한, 큰
throat: 좁은 통로, 목소리, 목, 기관, tin: 주석, 양철, 주석을 입히다, 주석 원대한, 위대한, 큰, 높이 치솟은
목구멍, 에 홈을 만들다, 에 홈을 그릇, 양철 깡통, 주석으로 만든, trace: 선, 발자국, 봇줄, 나아가다,
파다, 좁은 입구, 좁은 출구, 목구멍 통조림하다, 돈, 경찰관의 배지, 발견하다, 그리다, 흔적, 베끼다, 의
모양의 물건 경찰관, 한 깡통 유래를 조사하다, 조금, 추적하다
throne: 왕좌, 왕위, 옥좌, 왕권, tire: 타이어, 지치다, 피로하게하다, track: 추적하다, 경주로, 통로,
교황의 자리, 즉위시키다, 왕좌에 넌더리나게 하다, 머리 장식, 발자국, 에 발자국을 남기다, 신발에
앉히다, 교황의 성좌, 좌품천사, 싫증나게 하다, 장식을 하다, 지겹게 묻혀 들이다, 육상경기, 선로, 지나간
군주, 왕위에 앉다 하다, 타이어를 달다, 피곤해지다, 자국, 찾아내다, 흔적
throng: 군중, 쇄도하다, 혼잡, 싫증 나다 trail: 기다, 오솔길, 질질 끌리다, 질질
모여들다, 중압, 에 모여들다, 많은 tired: 피곤한, 진부한, 물린, 지친, 끌다, 점점 사라지다, 자국, 길게
것의 집합, 떼를 지어 모이다, 가득 싫증난, 케케묵은, 싫어진, 세상이 이야기하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, 늘어지다,
메우다 싫어져서, 낡아빠진, 타이어를 단 밟아서 길을 내다, 발을 끌며 걷다
throw: 던지다, 움직이다, 흔들어 tiring: 지루한, 지치게하는, 피로하게 trailing: 길게 나부끼는, 질질끌리는,
떨어뜨리다, 스카프, 던지기, 갑자기 하는 기는
움직이다, 빠뜨리다, 얹히게 하다, titular: 표제의, 이름뿐인, tramp: 매춘부, 부정기 화물선,
분리, 가벼운 두르개, 행정 직함이있는, 직함만의 사람, 터벅터벅 걷다, 방랑자, 방랑하다,
thrust: 밀다, 찌르다, 찔러넣다, 공격, 명의만의 사람, 명의상의, 이름만의, 도보 여행하다, 쿵쿵걷다, 짓밟다,
습격, 돌진하다, 찌르기, 혹평, 존칭의, 직함의, 칭호가 있는 사람, 짖밟다, 긴 도보 여행, 무거운 발소리
밀치다, 밀기, 돌격 칭호의 trample: 짓밟다, 짓밟음, 유린하다,
thud: 꽝, 털썩, 털썩 떨어지다, 쿵 toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다, 심하게 다루다, 짓밟는 소리,
 418 The Iliad
무시하다, 내리 밟다 소리를 내다, 나팔 모양의 물건, 나팔 티루스, 머리 장식
transfix: 그 자리에서 꼼짝 못하게 불다, 나팔형 확성기, 나팔로 알리다, umpire: 심판원, 중재인, 심판하다,
하다, 꿰뚫다, 고정시키다, 그 자리에 퍼뜨려 알리다, 소라고둥, 나팔을 엄파이어, 재정인, 판정자, 판정자
못박히게 하다, 찌르다 휴대한 전령, 퍼뜨리다 중재의 노릇을 하다, 판정자 노릇을
treachery: 배반, 배신, 반역 trusting: 믿는, 사람을 의심하지 하다, 중재의 판정자, 심판을 경기의
tread: 밟아 뭉개다, 걷다, 짓밟다, 않는, 믿고있는, 남을 의심하지 않는 보다, 심판
밟다, 걸음걸이, 밟기, 교미하다, trusty: 모범수, 믿을 수 있는, 신뢰할 unaided: 도움을 받지 않은, 남의
가로장, 밟는 소리, 억누르다, 디딤판 수 있는, 신용할 수 있는, 믿을 만한 도움이 없는
treasure: 보물, 보배, 비장하다, 사람 unarmed: 무장하지 않은, 무기가
명기하다, 재보, 재산을 던지다, tuft: 술, 술을 달다, 타래, 송이져 없는, 방호 기관이 없는, 무기를
진중히 여기다, 귀여운 너, 금전, 나다, 꽃의 송이, 덤불, 황제 수염, 지니지 않은, 무기를 갖지 않은
명심하다 술이 되다, 술로 장식하다, 금빛 unattended: 치료를 받지 않은,
treat: 대접하다, 논하다, 대우하다, 수실, 숲 방치된, 수행원이 없는, 돌봄을 받지
간주하다, 취급하다, 한턱, 향응하다, tug: 끌다, 잡아 당기다, 분투, 예인선, 않은, 수반하지 않은, 출석자가 적은,
향음, 한턱내다, 즐거운 일, 처리하다 끄집어 내다, 배를 끌다, 당기다, 출석자가 없는, 참가자가 적은,
tremble: 진동, 흔들리다, 조바심하다, 장학생, 짧은 가죽 끈, 힘껏 당김, 참가자가 없는
전율하다, 떨하다, 떨림, 예인선으로 끌다 unawares: 뜻밖에, 알지 못하고,
전전긍긍하다, 전율, 떨다, 떨게 하다 tumbling: 텀블링 불시에, 모르는 사이에, 모르고,
trembling: 전율하는, 떨림, 떨리는, tumult: 흥분, 혼란, 소동, 떠들썩함, 무심히, 부지중에
전율, 떨기, 전율 떠는 소란, 소요, 격동 unbidden: 명령받지 않은, 초대받지
trench: 참호, 도랑, 에 도랑을 파다, tumultuous: 떠들썩한, 혼란한, 않은, 자발적인, 초청받지 않은,
잠식하다, 참호를 만들다, 파헤치다, 흥분한, 동요한 요청받지 않은
새기다, 도랑을 파다, 침해하다, tune: 협조, 상태, 조율하다, 곡조, unblemished: 흠이 없는, 오점이
참호를 파다, 에 가깝다 조화시키다, 노래하다, 곡, 조화, 없는, 결백한, 깨끗한, 흠집 없는,
trice: 순간, 끌어올리다, 끌어 올려서 장단이 맞음, 음조를 맞추다, 갑자기 더러운 데가 없는
묶다, 밧줄로 달아 올리다 겸손해지다 unborn: 후세의, 미래의, 아직
trick: 장난, 버릇, 비결, 속이다, 계교, turmoil: 혼란, 소동, 소란 태어나지 않은, 아직 태어나지않은,
요술, 요술부리다, 장난감, 모양내다, turning: 굴곡, 선회, 회전, 변화, 태내의, 장래의
의 기대를 저버리다, 계략 변절, 녹로세공, 형성, 선반 세공법, unbridled: 구속이 없는, 방일한,
trickster: 사기꾼, 트릭스터 녹로 세공법, 녹로 세공, 선반 세공 굴레를 매지 않은, 말굴레를 매지
trident: 삼지창, 세 갈래진, 세 twelfth: 제12, 팔월 십이일, 제십일, 않은, 억제되지 않은
갈래난, 세 갈래난 작살, 삼차 곡선 열두번째의 것, 열두번째의, 열두도, unbroken: 파손되지 않은, 길들여
tripod: 삼각, 삼각 걸상, 삼각의, 삼각 십이분의 한의, 십이분의, 지지 않은, 중단되지 않은, 완전한,
의자, 삼각기, 삼각대, 그 모조품 열두번째의 사람 미개간의, 꺽이지 않은, 꺾이지 않은,
trippingly: 경쾌하게, 발걸음을 twilight: 황혼, 여명, 희미한 빛, 중단되지 않는, 손상되지 않은,
가벼이, 가벼운 발걸음으로 땅거미, 어둑새벽, 어스레하게 밝은, 깨어지지 않은, 경작되지 않은
triumph: 성공하다, 이기다, 승리, 여명기, 미광, 어슴푸레한 짐작, unburied: 아직 매장되지 않은,
개선식, 승리감, 승리를 기뻐하다, 어스름, 희미하게 비추다 무덤에서 발굴된
승리를 자랑하다, 대성공, 승리의 twin: 쌍둥이의, 쌍둥이, 닮은, 짝을 uncertain: 불확실한, 일정치 않은,
기쁨, 정복, 공적 이루다, 쌍둥이를 낳다, 짝이 되게 흔들거리는, 믿을 수 없는, 분명치
triumphant: 의기양양한, 승리를 하다, 쌍둥이의 한 뻑坡, 쌍둥이자리, 않은, 의심스러운, 변하기 쉬운,
거둔, 의기 양양한, 승리를 얻은 쌍정, 쌍정을 이루게 하다, 미국의 확신이 없는, 확정되지 않은
trojan: 용사, 정력가, 트로이 사람, 이인승 우주 비행 계획 uncle: 아저씨, 숙부, 백부, 고모부,
트로이의, 근면가 twinkling: 경쾌한, 어른거림, 이모부, 삼촌, 큰아버지, 전당포
troops: 군대 반짝반짝 빛나는, 반짝임, 번득이는, 주인, 작은아버지, 이웃집 아저씨,
trophy: 전리품, 트로피, 상품, 전승 순간, 번쩍거리는, 번드거임, 외삼촌
기념비, 상배, 우승 기념품, 반짝거리는, 깜ㅃ가임, 깜빡임 undaunted: 용감한, 불굴의, 겁내지
전승기념물, 사슴의뿔, 사자 가죽 twins: 쌍 않은, 겁내지 않는
troubled: 난처한, 거칠은, 소란한, twist: 꼰 실, 새끼, 혼합주, 꼬다, undefended: 변호인이 없는, 항변이
교란된, 근심스러운 곡해하다, 구부리다, 구부러지다, 끈, 없는, 방비가 없는, 옹호되지 않은,
troy: 금형, 소아시아 북서부의 감다, 한 번 꼬기, 기벽 변호되지 않은
옛도시, 트로이 형 twisted: 일그러진, 황홀해진, 꼬인, underneath: 의 밑에, 아래에, 하면,
truce: 휴전, 중지, 휴전 협정에 의해 술취한, 비틀어진 하면에, 낮은
중지하다, 휴지, 휴전 협정, two-edged: 쌍날의, 두 가지로 undertake: 약속하다, 떠맡다,
휴전하다, 휴전에 의해 중지하다 이해되는 보증하다, 인수인, 인수하다,
truly: 참으로, 정확히, 바르게, twofold: 이중으로, 이배의, 둘로 기도하다, 청부인, 장의사, 맡다,
성실히, 정확하게, 사실을 말하자면, 접히는 무대 배경, 두요소의, 싸우다, 장례식을 떠맡다
정말로, 진실로, 충실히 두부분의, 두배로 underwood: 총림, 큰나무 밑에 관목
trumpet: 트럼펫, 나팔, 나팔 같은 tyre: 고대 페니키아의 도시, 타이어, undismayed: 태연한
 Homer 419
undone: 풀어진, 파멸한, 하지않은 unsoiled: 더럽혀지지 않은, 청결한 upland: 고지, 고지에 사는, 고지의,
미완성의, 하지 않은, 푼, 영락한 unspeakable: 이루말할수없는, 심한, 산지
uneasy: 불안한, 걱정되는, 거북한, 언어도단의, 형언하기 어려운, uplift: 들어올리다, 향상시키다,
어색한 말하기 싫은, 입에 담기도 싫은 고양하다, 들어올림, 향상, 고양,
unerring: 잘못이 없는, 틀림 없는, unsteady: 불안정한, 미덥지 못한, 브래지어의 일종, 외치다, 융기, 의
틀리지 않는 변하기쉬운, 소행이 나쁜, 변하기 정신을 앙양하다
unfailingly: 꼭, 틀림없이, 확실히 쉬운, 불안정하게 하다, 행실이 upper: 상위의, 후기의, 상부의,
unfavourable: 형편이 나쁜, 불리한, 단정치 못한, 몸가짐이 단정치 못한 초라한 모습으로, 위의, 갑피,
불길한, 호의적이 아닌, 못생긴, unsupported: 받쳐지지 않은, 가난하여, 각성제, 구두 갑피, 높은,
바람직하지 못한 지지되지 않은 높은 쪽에 있는 것
unflinching: 움츠리지 않은, 단호한 untied: 묶이지 않은, 제한되지 않은 uppermost: 최상의, 최초로, 가장
unforgiving: 앙심 먹은, 용서 없는, untimely: 때 아닌, 철 아닌, 때아닌 눈에 띄는, 맨먼저 마음에 떠오르는,
용서없는, 용서치 않는, 용서하지 때에, 계제가 나쁘게, 계제가 나쁜, 최고위에, 최상에, 최고의, 맨 먼저
않는, 집념이 강한 때에 맞지 않게, 시기 상조의, 계제 마음에 떠오르는, 맨 앞에, 맨 위에,
ungovernable: 제어가 어려운, 나쁜 맨 먼저
제어할 수 없는, 다스리기 어려운 untiring: 지치지 않는, 불굴의, uprear: 올리다, 키우다, 기르다,
unhappy: 불행한, 부적당한, 끈질긴 일으키다
적절하지 못한, 계제 나쁜 unto: 까지, 에, 에게로 upright: 올바른, 똑바로, 골포스트,
unharmed: 무사한, 상하지 않은 untouched: 언급되지 않은, 손대지 곧게선, 곧은, 곧추 서서, 수직,
unheeded: 무시된, 돌봐지지않는, 않은, 감동되지 않은, 논급되지 않은 정직한, 직립, 곧은 물건, 똑바로 선
배려되지 않는, 고려되지 않는 untrue: 진실이 아닌, 불성실한, 맞지 uprightly: 똑바로, 정직하게
unite: 결합하다, 일치하다, 하나로 않는, 성실하지 않은, 올바르지 않은, uproar: 소음, 큰소란, 소동, 소란
하다, 결혼시키다, 겸비하다, 일치 표준에 맞지 않는, 충실하지 않은, upset: 전복, 불화, 뒤집힌, 혼란,
시키다, 하나로 되다, 합병하다, 치수에 맞지 않는, 본에 맞지 않는 혼란한, 지게하다, 패배, 망치다,
결혼하다, 제휴하다, 맞잡다 unused: 익숙하지 않은, 쓰지 않는, 뒤집어 엎다, 몸을해치다, 당황케
universe: 우주, 만물, 전세계, 영역, 사용한 적이 없는, 사용하지 않은 하다
세계, 모집단, 다수, 만유 unutterable: 발음할 수 없는, 말도 upshot: 결과, 요지, 결론
unjust: 부정한, 불공평한 안되는, 이루 말할 수 없는, 말로 upward: 상승하는, 위로 향하는,
unkindness: 불친절, 몰인정, 무정, 표현할 수 없는, 철저한 이상, 위쪽으로, 위를 향해서, 위로
매정 unwashed: 씻지 않은, 불결한, 향한, 위로 향하여, 에서 위쪽으로
unloose: 풀다, 늦추다 물결에 씻기지 않은, 하층 사회, upwards: 향상 지향의, 에서
unman: 남자다움을 잃게하다, 하층민의 위쪽으로, 위로 향하여, 이상
용기를 꺾다, 승무원의 수를 줄이다, unwearied: 지치지 않은, 끈덕진, urge: 몰아대다, 충동, 주장하다,
의 남자다움을 잃게 하다 불굴의 자극, 좨치다, 강요하다, 격려하다,
unmindful: 마음에 두지않는, unwed: 미혼의, 독신의 권고하다, 재촉하다, 자극하다,
무관심한, 부주의한, 염두에 없는, unwelcome: 싫은, 달갑지 않은, 충동을 받다
염두에 두지 않는 환영받지 못하는, 환영받지 못 하는, urn: 항아리, 무덤, 납골단지, 커피
unmolested: 평온한, 곤란받지않는 반갑지 않은, 환 영받지 못하는 끓이개, 유골 단지, 납골 단지에
unnoticed: 눈에 띄지 않는, unwilling: 마음 내키지 않은, 바라지 넣다, 대형 커피 포트, 납골 단지
돌보아지지 않는, 주의를 끌지않는, 않는, 마음 내키지 않는, 반항적인 useless: 쓸모없는, 무익한, 속절없는,
주목되지 않는, 주의되지 않는 unworthy: 의 가치 없는, 가치없는, 편치 않은
unperceived: 눈치채지 않은, 눈치 부끄러운, 비열한, 가치 없는, 변변치 utmost: 최대의, 가장먼, 극한, 최대
채이지 않은 못한 사람, 알맞지 않은 한도, 최고의 것, 가장 떨어진,
unpractised: 미숙한, 실행되지 않은, unyielding: 굴하지않는, 굽지 않는, 최대한도, 최대한의, 최상의 것
미경험의, 실지로 쓰이지 않는 단단한, 단호한, 완고한, 유연성이 utter: 말하다, 전적인, 절대적인,
unprotected: 무방비의, 보호 없는, 없는, 탄력성이 없는 완전한, 행사하다, 나타내다,
관세의 보호를 받지 않는, 보호자가 unyoke: 멍에를 벗기다, 떼다, 발음하다, 순전한, 무조건의,
없는, 보호가 없는, 보호를 받지 않는 분리하다, 속박을 풀다, 분리시키다, 발언하다, 입 밖에 내다
unrighteous: 사악한, 죄많은, 부정한, 일을 그만두다 utterance: 말, 말씨, 발성, 발언, 발음,
공정하지 않은, 악인들, 옳지 않은 upbraid: 꾸짖다, 비난하다, 책하다, 말로 나타내다, 소리, 말함, 어조,
unsay: 취소하다 비판하다, 신랄하게 비난하다, 언설, 입 밖에 냄
unseemly: 꼴사나운, 꼴사납게, 신랄하게 비판하다, 신랄하게 utterly: 아주, 완전히, 완전한, 전혀,
보기흉한, 부적당한, 보기 흉한, 보기 힐책하다, 에게 구역질나게 하다, 을 순전히
흉하게, 부적당하게 비난하는 결과를 가져오다 vagrant: 방랑하는, 변하기 쉬운,
unseen: 눈에 보이지 않는, upbraiding: 비판, 비난, 비난하는, 부랑자, 방랑성의, 변덕스러운,
보이지않는, 본적이없는, 아직 본 나무라는, 비난하는 질책 방랑의, 유랑하는, 방랑자
일이 없는, 즉석의, 보이지 않는 것 uphold: 받치다, 시인하다, 확인하다, vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한,
unshorn: 가위로 다듬지 않은, 후원하다, 고무하다, 단언하다, 들어 자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게,
감소되지 않은, 거둬들이지 않은 올리다, 유지하다, 지지하다 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는
 420 The Iliad
vainly: 헛되이, 자만하여, 공연히, 동요시키다, 괴롭히다, 초조하게 vulcan: 불과 대장일의 신, 불카누스
자랑하여, 뽐내어, 자만심에 부풀어, 하다, 격랑이 일게 하다 vulture: 독수리, 욕심쟁이, 무자비한
헛되어 vexed: 안절부절 못하는, 곤란한, 사람, 욕심 많은 사람, 대머리수리
valiant: 용감한, 훌륭한, 용맹스런 마음 아픈, 성난, 머리를 이프게 하는 wage: 임금, 급료, 갚음, 보답, 하다,
valorous: 씩씩한, 용감한 victim: 희생, 피해자, 밥, 봉, 산 재물, 값, 수행하다, 벌어지다, 임금의
valorously: 씩씩하게, 용감하게 희생자 wager: 내기, 걸다, 내기에 건 돈,
valour: 용기, 무용, 용맹 victorious: 승리의, 승리를 가져오는, 노름, 내기를 걸다
valued: 존중되는, 평가된, 가치를 이긴, 승리를 거둔, 전승자의, 승리를 waggon: 짐마차로 운반하다, 물건
가진, 의 가치를 가진 나타내는, 이겨서 의기양양한, 파는 수레, 배달용 트럭, 북두칠성,
van: 전위, 선도자, 선구, 유개 화차, 전승의 짐마차로 여행하다, 짐마차로
유개트럭, 선진, 부가 가치 통신망, victory: 승리, 승리의 여신, 정복 수송하다, 짐마차, 왜건, 무개 화차,
유개 운반차에 싣다, 유개로 victual: 식량을 공급하다, 식료품, 광차
운반하다, 키, 유개 트럭 식료품을 공급하다, 식료품을 wail: 울부짖다, 비탄하다, 울부짖는
vanquish: 정복하다, 에 이기다, 사들이다, 음식물, 음식을 먹다 소리, 처량하게 울리는 소리, 구슬픈
극복하다, 이기다 vie: 경쟁하다, 다투다, 우열이 없다 소리를 내다, 비탄, 한탄하다,
vapour: 허풍떨다, 증기, 침울, vigor: 활기, 정력, 활력, 원기, 울부짖듯 윙윙대는 소리
증발하다, 부질없는 공상, 구속력, 힘 wain: 짐마차, 북두칠성, 광차, 물건
발산시키다 vigorously: 원기있게 파는 수레, 무개 화차, 배달용 트럭,
vase: 꽃병, 병, 단지, 병 장식 vile: 지독한, 빈약한, 야비한, 왜건
vast: 광대한, 막대한, 거대한, 대단한, 부도덕한, 대단히 나쁜, 하찮은, waist: 허리, 블라우스, 요부, 몸통옷,
굉장한, 광활한 넓이 변변찮은, 상스러운, 비열한, 몹시 가운데의 잘룩한 곳, 허리의 잘룩한
vault: 둥근 천장, 둥근 지붕, 지하실, 나쁜, 비참한 곳, 여성복의 치수, 여성복의 허리,
둥근 천장이 있는 장소, 푸른 하늘, villain: 악한, 놈, 악인, 이 자식, 녀석, 중앙의 잘룩한 부분
지하 납골소, 귀중품 보관실, 뛰어 천민, 이놈, 농노 waistband: 허리띠
넘다, 뛰다, 도약, 창공 vineyard: 포도밭, 포도원, 활동 범위, waiting: 기다리는 시간, 기다리는,
vaunt: 자랑, 자랑하다 일터 기다림, 시중듦, 시중드는, 시중들기,
vaunted: 과시되고 있는, 자랑의 vintage: 포도 수확량, 포도 수확, 대기 시간
vaunting: 자랑 생산품, 수확, 거기서 나는 포도주, wake: 경야, 활기띠다, 각성시키다,
veil: 베일, 감추다, 가리개, 구실, 기운나게 하는 것, 포도 수확기, 철야제, 일으키다, 지나간 자국,
너울, 덮어 가리는 물건, 막, 싸다, 판매용 제품, 풍작의 해의 포도주, 밤샘, 깨우다, 되살아나다, 일어나다,
베일을 걸치다, 덮개, 연구개 포도주 파티, 포도주 용제 잠깨다
veiled: 분명치 않은, 가면을 쓴, violation: 위반, 위배, 방해, 강간, wakeful: 방심하지 않는, 자지 않는,
감추어진, 베일로 덮인, 숨겨진 모독, 침입, 침해 잠 못이루는, 잘 깨는, 깨어 있는,
vein: 기질, 정맥, 시맥, 광맥, 혈관, violence: 폭력, 모독, 폭행, 난폭, 불침번의
특질, 엽맥, 성격, 맥을내다, 돌결, 손해, 침해, 맹렬, 격렬함, 격렬 wand: 지휘봉, 지팡이, 과녁판, 관장,
나뭇결 virtuous: 정숙한, 선량한, 도덕적인, 직표, 표적판
vengeance: 복수, 극단으로, 덕이 있는, 덕 있는, 효력이 있는, wander: 헤매다, 옆길로 벗어나다,
철저하게, 원수 갚기, 원수갚기 고결한 체하는 헛소리하다, 오락가락하다, 두서없이
vent: 환기용 작은 창, 항문, 터진 visible: 눈에 보이는, 명백한, 면회할 되다, 길을 잘못 들다, 걸어
구멍, 터뜨리다, 에 구멍을 내다, 수 있는, 눈에 보이는 것, 방문자를 돌아다니다, 꾸불꾸불 흐르다,
손구멍, 빠지는 구멍, 배출구를 면회할 수 있는, 빈번하게 뉴스에 꾸불꾸불 이어지다, 종잡을 수 없게
찾아내다, 배출구, 바람 구멍, 나갈 나오는, 곧 쓸 수 있는, 시각적으로 되다, 거닐다
구멍을 터주다 표시된 wandering: 만유, 헛소리, 헤매는,
venture: 투기, 모험, 되는 대로, visiting: 방문, 방문용의 어슬렁어슬렁 걷기, 옆길로새는,
결행하다, 위험을 무릅쓰고하다, visor: 챙, 복면, 마스크, 얼굴 가리개, 두서없는, 방랑, 산책, 꾸불꾸불한,
걸다, 위험을 무릅쓰고 해보다, 미스크, 면갑, 선바이저 돌아다니는, 방랑하여
용기를 내어 발표하다, 위험에 vixen: 암여우, 여자, 쨍쨍대는, wanting: 모자라는, 부족한, 지혜가
직면케 하다, 용기를 내어 가다, 건 심술궂은 여자 모자라는, 이 없이
물건 void: 무효의, 빈, 공간, 배설하다, wanton: 장난치다, 까불다, 바람둥이,
venus: 금성, 비너스, 절세의 미인, 무효로 하다, 공허, 빈곳, 비어 있는, 뛰어 돌아다니다, 우거지다, 음탕한,
비너스 여신의 그림, 비너스 여신의 무익한, 공허한, 취소하다 우거진, 악의 있는, 분방한,
상, 비이너스 vouchsafe: 주다, 내리다, 해 주시다, 변덕스러운, 바람난
versed: 숙달한, 에 환한, 정통한 허용하다, 허락하다 ward: 후견, 보호, 병실, 감금, 감독,
vessel: 배, 도관, 용기, 비행선, 그릇, vow: 맹세, 단언하다, 서원, 맹세하다, 감방, 감시, 수용실, 보호하다, 막다,
맥관, 관, 사람 서약, 할 것을 맹세하다, 약속하다, 구
vesture: 의복, 가리개, 덮개, 에게 서약하다, 맹세의 내용, 기원, 맹세의 warden: 교장, 장, 학장, 간수장,
옷을 입히다, 씌우개 행위 교구위원, 문시인, 감시인, 감독,
vex: 성나게 하다, 짜증나게하다, 을 voyage: 항해, 항해하다, 바다를 감시원, 교도소장, 교회 위원
분해하다, 뒤흔들리게 하다, 건너가다, 건너 지르다, 여행기 warily: 조심하여, 방심 않고
 Homer 421
warlike: 전쟁의, 호전적인, 전투적인, 무릎이약한, 무릎에 힘이 없는, welcome: 환영, 환영받는, 환영하다,
상무의, 도전적인, 군사의, 용맹한 우유부단한, 줏대 없는 고마운, 어서 오십쇼, 환영합니다,
warp: 날실, 왜곡하다, 비뚤어짐, weakling: 병약자, 약골, 약한 사람, 어서 오세요, 맞다, 잘 오셨습니다,
뒤틀리다, 구부리다, 뒤틀림, 허약자, 나약한 사람, 약한 천만에요, 기쁜
뒤둥그러짐, 밧줄로 끌다, 밧줄, weal: 행복, 복리, 채찍맞아 welfare: 복지, 행복, 후생, 복지 사업,
뒤틀리게 하다, 뒤둥그러찌다 지렁이처럼 부르튼 곳, 국가, 길게 생활 보호, 복리
warring: 서로 싸우는, 양립하지 부르튼 자리, 발진, 번영, 부, welkin: 창공
않는, 적대하는, 투쟁하는, 전쟁 수행 부어오름, 안녕, 에 부르튼 자리를 well-established: 정착된, 확립된,
warrior: 노병, 무인, 용사, 전사, 내다 기초가 튼튼한
무인의, 전사의 wealth: 재산, 부, 풍부, 재화, 자본, well-fed: 살찐, 영양이 충분한
wash: 도금하다, 씻다, 세광하다, 부유, 행복 well-made: 균형이 잡힌, 잘 만든,
세제, 세탁, 습지, 화장수, 믿을 wealthy: 부유한, 풍부한, 유복한, 모양 좋은, 날씬한, 잘 된, 잘
만하다, 그 소리, 씻어 정하게 하다, 부자인, 많은, 넉넉한 만들어진
쓸어 넣다 weapon: 무기, 병기, 흉기, 공격의 well-nigh: 거의
wasp: 허리가 가는, 성 잘 내는, 수단, 무장하다 wet: 술, 젖은, 적시다, 습기, 젖다,
말벌같은, 심술궂은, 육군 항공 여자 wear: 착용, 지치게 하다, 사용에 축축한, 비의, 우천, 물기, 비,
조종사대의 대원, 장수말벌, 성 견디다, 기르고 있다, 지치다, 옷, 주류제조 판매를 허가하고 있는
잘내는 사람, 백인 앵글로색슨 마손, 소모, 몸에 지니고 있다, whatsoever: 일은 무엇이든지,
신교도, 말벌, 성 잘 내는 사람, 얼굴에 나타내다, 닳아서 해지다 도대체 무엇이, 것은 무엇이든지
워스프 wearied: 피곤한 wheat: 밀
waste: 쇠약해지다, 낭비하다, 낭비, wearing: 입을 수 있는, 지치게 하는, wheel: 방향을 바꾸다, 선회시키다,
폐물, 황폐시키다, 황폐한, 낭비되다, 입도록 지어진, 착용하도록 자전거를 타다, 움직이다, 녹로로
폐물의, 불모의, 쇠약, 찌꺼기 만들어진, 닳게 하는, 닳은, 닳는 만들다, 핸들, 바퀴, 수레바퀴,
wasted: 황폐한, 살해된, 지나간 weary: 지치다, 지치게 하다, 지치게 자전거, 세력가, 선회하다
waster: 파치, 파괴자, 낭비자, 하는, 싫어진, 넌더리나는, 동경하다, wheeled: 바퀴 달린, 바퀴의
살인자, 황폐시키는 사람, 흠 있는 싫증나다, 지루하게 하다, wheeling: 윤전, 노면의 상태, 수레로
물건, 불량품, 불량배, 황폐자, 건달 지루해지다, 피로한, 싫증나게 하다 나르기, 자전거 타기
wasting: 소모성의, 황폐하게 하는, weather-beaten: 비바람에 단련된, wheelwright: 수레 목수
낭비 비바람에 시달린 whence: 하는 그 곳으로, 어찌하여,
watchman: 야경, 야경꾼, 야경꾼의, web: 물갈퀴, 거미집, 꾸민 것, 어디서, 바의, 왜, 어떻게, 출처,
야경의 거미줄 모양의 것, 한 두루마리의 하는, 어디로부터
watering: 살수, 해수욕의, 인쇄용지, 피륙, 한 베틀분의 천, whenever: 할 때에는 언제든지,
해수욕장의, 급수용의, 물결 무늬, 얇은 금속판, 웹, 거미줄을 치다, 할때는 언제나, 도대체 언제
관수용의, 침을 흘리는, 온천의, 꾀한 것 whereby: 어떻게, 그에 의하여, 하는,
살수용의, 눈곱이 낀, 배수구가 있는 wed: 와 결혼하다, 결합하다, 무엇에 의하여
늪 결혼하다, 단단히 결부시키다, wherefore: 이유, 어째서, 그러므로,
waterside: 물가, 물가에서 일하는, 결혼시키다, 결부되다 왜, 무슨 이유로, 까닭, 그런 이유로
수변, 물가의 wedded: 결혼한, 결합한, 결혼의, wherein: 어떤 점에서, 그 중에,
wave: 파도, 물결치다, 파동, 물결, 결합된, 에 집착하는 그점에서, 무엇 가운데에, 하는 바의,
펄럭이다, 휘두르다, 물결치게 하다, wedding: 결혼 기념식, 결혼, 혼례, 어떤 점으로
흔들리다, 바다, 너울거리다, 흔들어 결합, 결혼식, 결혼의 whereon: 그 위에, 무엇 위에
신호하다 wedlock: 결혼, 결혼 생활 whereupon: 그래서, 거기서, 그
waves: 미해군 여자 예비부대 ween: 기대하다, 믿다, 생각하다, 때문에, 무엇 위에, 그 위에
wax: 밀랍, 납, 증대하다, 밀로 만든, 이라고 생각하다 wherever: 대체 어디에, 어디에 든지,
밀의, 밀로 닦다, 밀을 바르다, 밀을 weep: 울다, 흘리다, 눈물을 흘리다, 어디로 든지, 대체 어디로, 대체
입히다, 격분, 차차 커지다, 불끈하기 슬퍼하다, 스며 나오게 하다, 어디에서, 어디든지
waxing: 탈모, 구타, 레코드, 제모 물방울이 듣다, 비탄하다, 스며내다, wherewith: 무엇으로, 하기 위한,
wayfarer: 나그네, 단기 숙박자, 에 눈물을 흘리다, 물기를 내뿜다, 그것으로, 그것을 가지고
여행자 가지를 축 늘어뜨리다 whet: 자극하다, 갈다, 돋우다, 갈기,
wayside: 길가, 길가의, 노변 weeping: 드리우는, 가지가 자극물, 자극
weak: 약변화의, 묽은, 약한, 힘없는, 휘늘어진, 우는, 눈물 흘리는, 눈물울 whichever: 어느..이든지, 도대체
어리석은, 약세인, 악센트 없는, 흘리는, 눈물을 흘리는, 늘어짐, 배어 어느것을, 도대체 어느것이, 도대체
내림세인, 약점 있는, 악센트가 없는, 나오는, 스며 나오는, 스며 나옴, 어느것쪽을, 어느 것이든지, 어느
불충분한 울음 것쪽이든지
weaken: 약해지다, 결단성이 weigh: 무거운 짐이 되다, 무게를 whine: 우는 소리, 낑낑거리는 소리,
없어지다, 묽게 하다, 우유 부단하게 달다, 닻을 올리다, 울리다, 말을 낑낑거리다, 애처롭게 울다,
되다, 약하게 하다, 약화시키다, 음미하다, 몸무게를 달다, 손으로 우는소리하다, 낑낑거림, 구슬피
꺾이다, 굴복하다, 흔들거리다 무게를 헤아리다, 숙고하다, 울다, 킹킹대는 소리, 흐느끼는 소리,
weak-kneed: 마음이 약한, 압박하다, 잘 생각하다, 존중되다 우는 소리하다
 422 The Iliad
whip: 마부, 채찍질하다, 감치다, willing: 기꺼이 ...하는, 자진해서 woke: 과거분사
사냥개 담당원, 매, 크림 달걀 따위를 하는, 마침 잘된, 자발적인 wolf: 이리, 게걸스레 먹다,
거품일게 한 디저트 과자, 원내총무, windpipe: 기관 잔인한사람, 이리 사냥을 하다, 색마,
낚싯대를 휙 던져 났다, 휘감다, windy: 바람이 센, 공허한, 늑대, 늑대 사냥을 하다, 유충,
단단히 감다, 거품일게 하다 수다스러운, 깜짝 놀란, 가스가 차는, 교묘히 여자를 유혹하는 남자,
whirl: 혼란, 선회, 소용돌이, 바람 불어오는 쪽의, 입만의, 말만의 울프음, 이리자리
현기증나다, 빙빙 돌리다, 빙빙돌다, wing: 날개, 비행, 날수 있게 하다, wolves: 늑대들
잇따라 일어나는 일, 질주하다, 차로 속력을 내게 하다, 비행단, 항공 womb: 자궁, 사물이 발생하는 곳,
신속히 운반한다, 현기증이 나다, 배지, 팔에 상처를 입히다, 새, 날개 사물이 성장 하는 곳
회전 모양을 한물건, 날아가다, 날다 wonder: 이 아닐까 생각하다, 놀라다,
whirlwind: 선풍, 회오리 바람, winged: 날개를 다친, 고속의, 날개 놀라움, 이상하게 생각하다,
급격한, 소용돌이침 있는, 팔을 다친, 빠른, 신속한, 불가사의, 놀라운, 놀라운 사물,
whistle: 휘파람, 호각, 기적을 숭고한, 적절한, 날개를 쓰는, 경탄할 만한 사람, 경탄할
울리다, 휘파람을 불다, 경적, 비양하는, 날 수 있는 불가사의한 사람, 경이, 의심하다
휘파람불다, 헛되이 바라다, 팽 하고 wings: 공군 기장 wondering: 이상한 듯한
날다, 휘파람으로 부르다, 입, 기적 winner: 승리자, 수상자, 이긴 말, wondrous: 놀라운, 놀랄만큼,
whit: 조금, 미소, 성령 강림 대축일 우승의 가망이 있는 사람, 우승의 이상한, 놀랄 만한, 놀랄 만큼
whiten: 희게하다, 표백하다, 가망이 있는 것, 수상자 작품, 수상의 wondrously: 불가사의하게,
희어지다, 희게 하다 가망이 있는 것, 성공의 가망이 있는 놀랄만하게
whiteness: 흼, 순백함, 결백, 창백함, 사람, 성공의 가망이 있는 것, wont: 습관, 버릇처럼 된, 풍습,
창백, 순결, 백색 물질 당선자, 우승자 늘...하는, 에 익숙한
whither: 어디로, 곳으로, 그 곳으로, winning: 승리, 상금, 결승의, 성공, woo: 구혼하다, 추구하다, 조르다,
가는 곳 매력적인, 이긴, 횐득, 사람 마음을 얻으려고 노력하다, 간청하다,
whoever: 하는 사람은 누구든, 사로잡는, 사람 마음을 끄는, 승리를 구애하다
도대체 누가, 누구나, 도대체 누구를 얻게 하는 wooded: 나무가 무성한, 한 목질의,
whosoever: 누구나, 도대체 누가, wintry: 겨울의, 추운, 냉담한, 삼림이 있는, 삼림이 많은
도대체 누구를 겨울다운, 냉랭한 woodman: 나무꾼, 숲에서 사는
wicked: 심술궂은, 사악한, 나쁜, wipe: 훔치다, 손수건, 훔치기, 닦다, 사람, 영림서원, 산림 보호관
버릇이 나쁜, 위험한, 장난이 심한, 닦기, 닦아내다, 한번 닦기, 비비다, woof: 씨, 피륙, 천, 감, 줄, 개가 낮게
불쾌한, 장난기 있는, 우수한 빼다, 닦음, 주먹다짐 으르릉거리는 소리, 기초를 이루는
wickedly: 불쾌하게, 사악하게, wisdom: 학문, 지혜, 현명, 지식, 요소, 낮게 으르릉거리다, 주체를
나쁘게 분별 현인, 금언, 명언, 현인 이루는 재료, 직물
wickedness: 사악함, 심술궂음, 사악 wise: 방법, 알리다, 현명한, 정도, wool: 모직물, 털실, 모직의, 양털,
wicker: 채그릇 세공의, 채로 만든, 영리해 보이는, 분별있는, 슬기로운, 고수머리, 양모, 모직물의, 양털
채그릇세공, 채, 작은 가지로 만든, 슬기롭다, 양식, 학문이 있는, 알고 모양의 것, 면모
작은 가지, 고리버들 세공 있는 woollen: 양모의, 모직의, 모직물을
widow: 미망인, 과부, 과부로 만들다, wisely: 현명하게 취급하는
아내를여윈, 돌리고 남은 패, 빼앗다, wit: 기지, 재치, 지력, 알다, 재치있는 woolly: 희미한 모직의 옷, 양털의,
샴페인 술, 과부가 되게 하다 사람, 정신, 재주꾼, 지 뭉게뭉게 피어오른, 양털 같은,
widowed: 과부가 된, 미망인이 된 withdraw: 회수하다, 취소하다, 양모의, 알아들을 수 없는, 솜털이
width: 폭, 넓이, 한 폭, 너비, 나비, 움츠리다, 움츠러들다, 물러나다, 있는, 모직 내의, 거칠고 활기 있는,
넓음, 일정한 폭의 피륙, 가로 철수하다, 철회하다, 물러서다, 모직 의류
wield: 휘두르다, 지배하다 탈퇴하다, 취하하다, 사용을 끊다 worker: 일벌, 일하는 사람, 일개미,
wild: 난폭한, 황무지, 황폐한, withdrawn: 인적이 드문, 내성적인, 노동자
열광적인, 야생의, 야만의, 빗나간, 빼는 workman: 노동자, 일을 하는 사람,
사람이 살지 않는, 난폭하게, 황야, withhold: 보류하다, 억누르다, 주지 노동자의
방탕한 않다, 그만두다, 임금에서 공제하다 workmanship: 솜씨, 완성된 품,
wilderness: 황야, 끝없이 넓음, withstand: 에 저항하다, 에 잘 세공, 기량, 세공품
사람이 살지 않는 땅, 일부러 손질 견디다, 저항하다, 견디어내다, worm: 벌레, 교묘히 환심을 사다,
않고 내버려둔 곳, 막대한 수량, 반항하다 기듯 나아가다, 벌레처럼 기다,
광막한 곳, 막대한 수, 미국 witness: 목격하다, 증거, 증언하다, 캐내다, 서서히 나아가게 하다, 벌레
비르드지니아 주 북동부의 산림 목격자, 증인, 서명하다, 증언, 에 같은 모양, 기생충병, 벌레 같은
지대 입회하다, 증거가 되다, 증거물, 인간, 금이 가다, 교묘히 빌붙다
wildfire: 옛날 화공에 쓰인 화염제, 증명하다 worn: 녹초가 된, 낡아 빠진,
들불, 번갯불, 불타는 액체 wives: 부인들 닳아빠진
wildly: 거칠게, 격렬하게, woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아, worry: 걱정, 근심, 괴로워하다,
야생상태로, 과격하게, 난폭하게, 슬프도다, 고생, 불행 물어뜯어 괴롭히다, 괴롭히다, 고생,
미친 듯이, 야생적으로, 무턱대고 woeful: 비참한, 애처로운, 심한, 걱정하다, 걱정시키다, 동물을
willed: 의 의지가 있는 슬픔에 찬, 지독한, 슬퍼할만한 물어뜯어 괴롭히다, 물고 흔들다,
 Homer 423
풀려고 애쓰다 대명사의 복수형, 명령문에서 사용,
worship: 예배, 숭배, 예배하다, 경모, 이인칭 대명사
각하, 숭배하다, 참배, 명예, 예배식, yea: 그렇다, 실로, 참으로, 그렇지,
존경, 참배하다 긍정, 예, 터무니 없이 높은, 찬성,
worst: 가장 나쁘게, 가장 나쁜, 터무니 없이 큰, 손을 펼쳐 보이면서
지우다, 무찌르다, 최악의 것, 가장 이렇게 높은, 네
심한 것, 지게 하다, 가장 나쁜 것, yearling: 당년의, 만 한 살 먹이, 한
가장 나쁜 사람, 제일 심한, 가장 살 난 말, 만 한 살 먹이 동물의, 한
심한 사람 살 먹은, 일년 된
worsted: 소모사, 소모직물, 털실, yearning: 동경, 열망, 포부, 대망,
털실의, 털실로 만든, 소모사제의 사모하는, 그리움, 열망하는, 간절한
worthless: 가치 없는, 아무짝에도 못 생각
쓸 yellow: 황색의, 성정적인,
wound: 해치다, 상처를 입히다, 부상, 질투심많은, 편견을 가진, 피부가
고통, 손해, 사랑의 상처, 상처, 누런, 겁많은, 노래지다, 황색, 의심
상처내다, 부상하게 하다, 손상 많은, 노랗다, 질투 많은
wounded: 부상한, 상처입은, yield: 주다, 양도하다, 가져오다,
부상자들 허락하다, 산출하다, 생산하다,
wraith: 생령, 유령, 망령, 앙상하게 생기게 하다, 휘다, 따르다, 수확,
마른 사람 수율
wrangle: 말다툼하다, 논쟁하다, yielding: 순종하는, 구부러지기 쉬운,
말다툼, 목장에서 보살피다, 하라는대로, 생산적인, 고분고분한,
설복하다, 목장에서 보살피다, 논쟁, 굽기 쉬운, 굽힐 수 있는, 감화를
돌보다 받기 쉬운, 하라는 대로 하는, 영향을
wrap: 싸다, 두르다, 가리다, 몸을 받기 쉬운, 모양을 바꿀 수 있는
싸는 것, 어깨 두르개, 감싸다, yoke: 멍에, 멜대, 어깨, 한쌍의 가축,
끝내다, 휩싸이다, 감기다, 감추다, 허리, 지배, 어울리다, 멍에문, 함께
구속 일하다, 결합시키다, 이음목
wrapping: 포장, 쌈의, 실내복, 쌈 yonder: 저기에, 저쪽, 훨씬 저쪽의,
wrath: 격노, 복수, 벌 저곳에, 저곳에의
wreak: 가하다, 내다, 터뜨리다, younger: 나이 적은 쪽의, 연하의
복수하다 사람, 손아랫사람들, 어린 쪽의,
wreath: 화환, 화관, 원형, 원, 연하쪽의 젊은이, 형제 중 어린 쪽의,
소용돌이 손아래의, 손 아래 사람들, 아이들
wreathed: 고리로 만드는 youngest: 최연소자, 가장 나이 어린
wrestle: 씨름, 분투, 싸우다, 레슬링, 가족, 막내 아이, 특히 가장 나이
와 레슬링하다, 레슬링을 하다, 어린 가족
맞붙어 싸우다, 무지막지하게 마구 yours: 당신의, 당신의 편지, 당신의
밀어대다, 씨름을 하다, 와 레슬링을 것, 댁내, 경구, 당신의 역할, 당신의
하다, 을 넘어뜨리다 가족, 경백, 당신의 것인, 당신의
wrestling: 레슬링, 씨름 본분, 드림
wretch: 불운한 사람, 나쁜놈, 철면피, yourselves: 당신 자신들
놈, 가련한 사람 youth: 젊음, 초기, 청년, 연소, 청춘,
wretched: 나쁜, 불운한, 지독한, 젊은이, 혈기, 발육기, 원기,
비참한, 야비한, 아주 불쾌한, 서툰 젊은이들, 청춘기
wring: 짜다, 꽉 쥐다, 비틀다, 짜기, zeal: 열중, 열심, 열의, 열성
괴롭히다, 짜내다, 감다, 짬, zephyrus: 제피로스, 제피로스 의 신
왜곡하다, 손을 꽉 쥠, 과즙 짜는 zeus: 제우스
기계
wrinkled: 주름진, 주름살지는
wrist: 손목, 손목 관절, 손재주,
피스톤핀, 손목의, 손목을 써서
wroth: 노하여, 사납게 날뛰는,
격노하여
wrought: 만든, 세공한, 가공한, 꾸민,
두들겨 만든
xi: 크사이, 영어의 x에 해당,
그리스어 알파벳의 14번째 글자
ye: 너희들, 호칭으로 사용, 이인칭