Fluid Mechanics – Concept Sheet 3

1. Turbulence means a. high viscous flow b. low viscous flow

2. In turbulence apart from average velocity there exists a. constant velocity b. fluctuating velocity
3. Shear stress in turbulent flow depends on a. dynamic viscosity b. eddy viscosity c. both
4. On basis of NIKURADSE'S EXPERIMENT (avg.height of irregularity/laminar sub layer thickness) k/δ' for
hydro-dynamically rough boundary is a. >6 b. 0.25 to 6 c. <0.25
5. k/δ' for hydro-dynamically smooth boundary is a. >6 b. 0.25 to 6 c. <0.25
6. k/δ' for hydro-dynamically transition boundary is a. >6 b. 0.25 to 6 c. <0.25
7. Radius of pipe to average height of roughness is a. k/R b. R/k
8. Shear or friction velocity is V*= a. √(τ/ρ) b. √(τ/ρ).Re
9. Prandtl's universal velocity distribution (y - distance from pipe wall) v= vmax +2.5V*._ a. ln(R/y) b. ln(y/R)
10. Karman Prandtl velocity distribution equation for hydro-dynamically rough pipe is (ν=kinematic viscosity)
a. v/V* =5.75log(V*.y/ν)+5.5 b. v/V* =5.75log(y/k)+8.5
11. Karman Prandtl velocity distribution equation for hydro-dynamically smooth pipe is
a. v/V* =5.75log(V*.y/ν)+5.5 b. v/V* =5.75log(y/k)+8.5
12. Velocity distribution in terms of mean velocity (v-V*)/V* = 5.75log(y/R)+_ a. 7.75 b. 3.75
13. Prandtl and karman prandtl equation's are valid for a. smooth b. rough c. both pipe boundaries
14. Friction factor for laminar flow a. 0.316/Re0.25 b. 64/Re
15. Smooth pipe Friction factor for turbulent flow( 4000<Re<105) a. 0.316/Re0.25 b. 64/Re
16. Smooth pipe Friction factor for turbulent flow( 50000<Re<4x107) a. f =log(Re.√f) b. 1/√f =2xlog(Re. √f)-0.8
17. Rough pipe Friction factor for turbulent flow a. 1/√f =2xlog(R/k)+1.74 b. 1/√f =2xlog(R/k)+0.8
18. Rough pipe friction factor depends on a. Relative smoothness (R/k) and Re b. R/k only but not Re
19. Relation between f and Re _ in transition flow pipes a. exists but varies and not specific b. doesn't exists
20. Dimensional analysis deals with a. physical fundamental dimensions b. Variables c. both
21. Dimensional analysis and similitude deals with a. M, L, T b. M, L, T and some other physical dimensions
22. Total no. of variables influencing problem=no. of independent variables + _ dependent variables a. 1 b. ∞
23. If all 'n' variables are described by 'm' fundamental dimensions, grouping to _π terms a. m-n b. n-m
24. Above thing is _ π theorem a. Bentick b. Heislar c. Fourier d. Buckingham
25. Selection of _ repeating variables from geometry of flow, fluid properties and fluid motion a. 6 b. 3
26. Geometric similarity is a. motion b. force c. shape
27. Dynamic similarity is a. motion b. force c. shape
28. Kinematic similarity is a. motion b. force c. shape
29. Reynolds No is Inertia to viscous force ratio a. ρvl/μ b. μ/ ρvl
30. Weber No is Square root of Inertia to Surface tension v/√(σ/x); x is a. ρL b. ρ
31. Mach No is Square root of Inertia to Elastic Force V/x; x is a. C b. Re.C {C being velocity of sound}
32. Froude No is Square root of Inertia to Gravity Force V/√x; x is a. ρg b. gL
33. Euler's No is Square root of Inertia to Pressure Force V/√(P/x); x is a. ρL b. ρ
34. Cavitations studies relates to a. Weber No. b. Euler's No.
35. Flow in closed conduit pipe signifies a. Reynolds No. b. Euler's No.
36. Capillary studies imply a. Mach No. b. Weber No.
37. Compressible flow implies a. Mach No. b. Froude No.
38. Free surface flow (weirs, spillway, channels, gravity predominant) a. Reynolds No. b. Froude No.
39. Reynolds model law states Model and Prototype Reynolds No. ratio as a. 2 b. 1
40. Froude's model law states Model and Prototype V/√L ratio as a. 2 b. 1
41. Flow through small pipes, Loc velocity motion around airplanes and automobiles, submarines completely
submerged, Flow through low speed turbo machinery => a. Froude's model law b. Reynolds model law
42. Open channels, Notches, weirs, Spill ways & dams, Liquid jets from orifice, Ship partially submerged in
rough & turbulent sea => a. Froude's model law b. Reynolds model law
43. Impact of jets => a. Energy principle b. Impulse- Momentum Equation
44. Stationary vertical plate; vertical to jet (v), Normal Force exerted by jet is a. 0.5*ρAv 2 b. ρAv2
45. Stationary horizontal 'θ' inclined plate, Normal Force exerted by jet is a. ρAv2*cosθ b. ρAv2*sinθ
46. Stationary horizontal 'θ' inclined plate, Upward discharge is a. (Q/2)*(1-cos θ) b. (Q/2)*(1+cos θ)
47. Stationary horizontal 'θ' inclined plate, Downward discharge is a. (Q/2)*(1-cos θ) b. (Q/2)*(1+cos θ)
48. Stationary horizontal 'θ' inclined plate, Force in x-direction is a. ρAv2*sin2θ b. ρAv2*sinθ*cosθ
49. Stationary horizontal 'θ' inclined plate, Force in y-direction is a. ρAv2*sin2θ b. ρAv2*sinθ*cosθ
50. Normal force on curved plate whose curvature forms angle 2θ is a. ρAv2*(1-cos θ) b. ρAv2*(1+cos θ)
51. Angle of deflection for curved plate whose curvature forms angle θ is a. 180+ θ b. 180-θ
52. Moving vertical plate (u); vertical to jet (v), Normal Force exerted by jet is a. 0.5*ρAu2 b. ρA(v-u)2
53. Moving vertical plate (u); vertical to jet (v), Work done by jet per sec is a. 0.5*ρAv*u2 b. ρA(v-u)2*u
54. Jet striking flat plate series mounted on periphery of wheel normal force is a. ρAv*(v-u) b. ρAu*(v-u)
55. Jet striking flat plate series mounted on periphery of wheel work done is a. ρAv2*(v-u) b. ρAv*(v-u)*u
56. Efficiency of work done of wheel is a. 2u*(v-u)/v2 b. 2v*(v-u)/u2
57. Efficiency of wheel is maximum when peripheral plate velocity (u) is _ of jet velocity(v) a. 0.33 b. 0.5
58. Curved plate when moving in direction of jet, Normal force is a. ρA(v-u)2 (1+cos θ) b. ρA(v-u)2 (1-cos θ)
59. Work done for curved plate when moving in direction of jet is a. Normal force * u b. Normal force * v
60. A hinged plate inclined at θ to vertical ( like pendulum) normal force is a. ρAv2*cosθ b. ρAv2*sinθ
61. For equilibrium of hinged plate as above (W- weight of plate) "ρAv2/W" is a. cosθ b. sinθ
62. Hydraulic machine converts Hydraulic to Mechanical energy or vice versa a. No b. Yes
63. Hydraulic machine converts Hydraulic to Mechanical energy is a. Pump b. Turbine
64. Hydraulic machine converts Mechanical to Hydraulic energy is a. Pump b. Turbine
65. Power developed by runner/Net power @ turbine entrance is _ efficiency a. Mechanical b. Hydraulic
66. Power @ turbine shaft/ Power developed by runner is _ efficiency a. Mechanical b. Hydraulic
67. Quantity of water (actually stirring runner/supplied to turbine) is _ efficiency a. Volumetric b. Mass
68. Shaft power / Hydraulic power is a. Mechanical efficiency b. Overall efficiency
69. Overall efficiency is ηo=_ a. ηhyd* ηmech* ηvol b. 1/( ηhyd* ηmech* ηvol)
70. Impulse turbines have a. Kinetic energy b. Pressure energy c. both
71. Francis, Propeller, Kaplan, Thomson and Fourneyron are _ turbines a. impulse b. reaction
72. Reaction turbines have a. Kinetic energy b. Pressure energy c. both
73. Pelton wheel, Banki, Jonval, Gurard, Turgo wheel are _ turbines a. impulse b. reaction
74. Pelton and Turgo wheels are _ turbines a. impulse b. reaction
75. Inward-radial flow turbines are_ turbines a. Francis b. Kaplan
76. Thomson, Gurard are_ turbines a. axial flow b. radial flow
77. Fourneyron is a _ turbine a. Axial flow b. Radial
78. Jonval, Propeller and Kaplan are _ flow turbines a. radial b. axial
79. Mixed flow turbine is modern _ turbine a. Kaplan b. propeller c. Francis
80. Francis turbine specific speed(Ns), Head(m) MKS units a. 10-35, >250 b. 60-300, 60-250 c. 300-1000, <60
81. Pelton turbine Ns, Head(m) in MKS units a. 10-35, >250 b. 60-300, 60-250 c. 300-1000, <60
82. Kaplan/propeller turbine Ns, Head(m) in MKS units a. 10-35, >250 b. 60-300, 60-250 c. 300-1000, <60
83. Work done per sec of pelton turbine is a. ρQ(Vω1-Vω2)u b. ρQ(Vω1+Vω2)u
84. For pelton turbine (Vω1+Vω2) is a. (V1-u)(1+k.cosφ) b. (V1-u)(1+k.sinφ)
85. Discharge of pelton turbine is Area *_ a. Velocity of jet coming out of nozzle (V1) b. Velocity of bucket(u)
86. Nozzle efficiency of pelton wheel is η=KE of jet per sec/Work power at base of nozzle a. yes b. no
87. Hydraulic efficiency of pelton wheel is KE per sec/Runner Power a. yes b. no its inverse of it
88. Hydraulic efficiency of pelton wheel is a. 2.(V1-u) u(1+k.cosφ)/( V1)2 b. 2.(V1+u) u(1+k.sinφ)/( V1)2
89. Hydraulic efficiency of pelton wheel is when u=V1/2 a. (1+k.sinφ)/2 b. (1+k.cosφ)/2
90. Shaft power / Runner Power is a. Hydraulic efficiency b. Mechanical Efficiency
91. Nozzle*Hydraulic*Mechanical efficiencies is a. 1 b. Overall Efficiency
92. Coefficient of velocity for pelton wheel is (Cv) a. 0.43-0.47 b. 0.97-0.99
93. Velocity of jet for pelton wheel is V1= a. Cv√(2gh) b. √(2gh)
94. Speed ratio Ku for pelton wheel is a. u/√(2gh) b. √(2gh)/u
95. Ku is a. 0.43-0.47 b. 0.97-0.99
96. Tangential velocity of vane for pelton wheel ‘u’ is a. DN b. πDN/60
97. Jet ratio of pelton wheel is (m) a. Jet dia(d)/ Dia of wheel (D) b. Dia of wheel (D)/Jet dia(d)
98. Tygun formula : No of buckets(z) {range is 18-25} a. 15+m/2 b.15-m/2
99. Pelton wheel is tangential flow impulse and high head low discharge machine a. yes b. no
100.Bucket of pelton wheel is double semi-ellipsoidal shape and jet impinges @ center of bucket deflects
through a. 120-140o b. 160-170o
101.Advantage of having double cup-shaped buckets neutralizes _ thrust a. radial b. axial
102. If 3 jets used under same head of pelton wheel power developed will be a. P/3 b. 3P
103.For Francis turbine work done per sec is a. ρQ(Vω1 u1+Vω2 u2) b. ρQ(Vω1 u1-Vω2 u2)
104. For best efficiency flow should be radial at _ =0 a. inlet, Vωi b. Outlet, Vωo
105. Degree of reaction is “Pressure head drop in runner/ Hydraulic work done on runner per unit weight of
water” a. Correct b. Incorrect
106. Degree of reaction is “{(p1-p2)/ρg}/{( Vω1 u1-Vω2 u2)/ρg }” a. Correct b. Incorrect
107. Flow ratio ψ for Francis turbine is Vf1/√(2gh) a. 0.1 -0.2 b. 0.15-0.3
108.Speed Ratio Ku Francis turbine is u1/√(2gh) a. 0.6-0.9 b. 0.8-0.95
109. Discharge through the reaction turbine is when B is width, D is diameter, Vf is flow velocity
a. πD1B1Vf1 b. πD2B2Vf2 c. both are same
110. _ is used to evenly distribute water along periphery & maintaining constant velocity for water
a. System Casing b. Scroll Casing
111. _ converts Kinetic Head into Pressure Head a. Draught tube b. Draft Tube
112. Angle of Straight divergent type draft tube should not be more than 8o otherwise eddies will be formed
and efficiency will be _ a. reduced b. increased
113. Velocity triangle of Francis and Kaplan as well as efficiency is a. similar b. different
114. Kaplan is _ flow turbine a. axial b. radial
115. Runner of Kaplan has _ to _ blades a. 2,3 b. 4,6
116.Runner of propeller turbine is _ but Kaplan has _ a. movable, fixed b. fixed, movable
117. At _ load, Full efficiency can be obtained in Kaplan turbine a. full b. part
118. Unit speed Nu, Unit discharge and Unit Power is a. N/H,Q/H, P/H2 b. N/√H, Q/√H, P/(H√H)
119. Specific Speed is Ns= (N√P)/Hx; x is a. 3/4 b. 5/4
120.Dimension of Ns is a. [M0.5L-0.25T-2.5] b. [M-0.5L0.25T2.5]
121.Dimensionless form of Ns is shape factor S= [N√(P/ρ)] /(gH) x; x is a. 3/4 b. 5/4
122. Similarity of model (m) and prototype (p) turbines are based on assumption that efficiency of model
equal to that of prototype. But prototype efficiency is higher than model efficiency is _ effect
a. Scale b. Model
123.Which is correct regarding head coefficient CH? a. H/(D2N2) is constant b. DN/H is constant
124.Which is correct regarding Flow Coefficient CQ? a. Q/(N2D3) is constant b. Q/(ND3) is constant
125. Q/(D2√H) is same for model and prototype a. correct b. incorrect
126. Which is correct regarding Power Coefficient CP? a. P/(D5N4)is constant b. P/(D5N3)is constant
127. P/(D2 H√H) is same for model and prototype a. correct b. incorrect
128. Reverse of inward flow reaction turbine is a. Centrifugal pump b. Reciprocating pump
129. Centrifugal pump is used for high discharge and lifting highly viscous fluids using _vortex a. free b. forced
130.Which is correct?

131.Which is correct?
132. Liquid is completely filled in chamber of pump no air pockets left _ process a. Priming b. Cavitations
133.Low head pump has _ head a. 15m to 40 m b. >40m c. <15 m
134.High head pump has _ head a. 15m to 40 m b. >40m c. <15 m
135.Medium head pump has _ head a. 15m to 40 m b. >40m c. <15 m
136.Specific speed of Axial flow pump is a. 10-80 b. 80-160 c. 160-450
137.Specific speed of Radial flow pump is a. 10-80 b. 80-160 c. 160-450
138.Specific speed of Mixed flow pump is a. 10-80 b. 80-160 c. 160-450
139. Work done per sec of pump is a. ρQ(Vωo.uo) b. ρQ(Vfo.uo) {if discharge enters without whirl & shock Vωi=0}
140. Static head (Hs) a. static suction lift(hs)+static delivery lift(hd) b. hs- hd
141.Head against which pump has to do the work is a. Gravimetric head(Hg) b. Manometric head(Hm)
142. Hm= a. (Vωi.ui)/g +Losses of head in pump b. (Vωo.uo)/g -Losses of head in pump
143. Hm is a. Delivery - Suction heads b. Delivery + Suction heads
144.Hm= a. hs+hd+hfs+hfd+(Vd2/2g) b. hs+hd+hfs+hfd-(Vd2/2g)
145. Manometric Efficiency is (Vωi.ui)/(g.Hm) a. yes b. no its inverse of the given
146. Mechanical Efficiency is {Shaft Power/ Impeller Power} a. yes b. no its inverse of the given
147.Overall Efficiency is manometric x volumetric x mechanical efficiencies a. yes b. no
148. Speed Ratio (Ku) for pump is uo/√(2gH) a. 0.5 to 1.1 b. 0.95 to 1.25
149. Flow Ratio (ψ) for pump is uo/√(2gH) a. 0.01 to 0.15 b. 0.1 to 0.25
150. For optimum efficiency, pump impeller should be designed to have whirl inlet velocity (Vωi) as a. 1 b. 0
151. Pump will start pumping when Pressure head __ Manometric head a. = b. < c. > d. ≤ e. ≥
152. Specific Speed of pump(Ns) is (N√Q)/(Hm0.75) a. correct b. incorrect its inverse of given
153. For multi stage pump Hm= Total head_ No. of stages a. multiplied by b. divided by
154. Pumps in series a. H=constant, Q=Q1+Q2 b. Q=constant, H=H1+H2
155.Pumps in parallel a. H=constant, Q=Q1+Q2 b. Q=constant, H=H1+H2
156. Model laws for pump and turbine => a. Equivalent b. Not Equivalent
157.High runner speed/Temperature, Less available NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) a. Erosion b. Cavitation
158. Reciprocating pump delivers a. low discharge against low lift b. low discharge against high lift
159. _ is used for continuous supply of water in reciprocating pumps a. Water Vessel b. Air Vessel
160. Advantage of multi-cylinder pumps is without _ also they deliver liquid uniformly a. piston b. Air Vessel
161.Single acting pump with air vessel saves _% work, double acting pump with air vessel saves _ % work
a. 39.2 , 84.8 b. 84.8, 39.2
162. Length of suction pipe in a pump cannot exceed _ meters a. 76 b. 10 c. 13.6 d. 3.14
163.NPSH is pressure head above vapor pressure of liquid at impeller _ a. exit b. entry
164. Volume discharged per sec=>reciprocating pump is a. ALN/60 b. ALN { Area, Length, crank speed N-rpm)
165. Volume discharged per sec=> double acting reciprocating pump is a. 2ALN/60 b. 2ALN
166. Head against which water is to be lifted is a. suction(hs) + delivery head (hd) b. hd-hs
167. Work done per sec in reciprocating pump is a. ρgQ(hs+hd) b. ρgQ(hd-hs)
168. Coefficient of Discharge (Cd) for reciprocating pump is Qactual/Qtheoritical a. correct b. incorrect its inverse
169. Slip percentage for reciprocating pump is a. (1-Cd)x100 b. Cdx100
170. Slip negative =>delivery pipe is small & suction pipe is long & pump is running @ high speed a. yes b . no
171. Whether the following figure is correct or not if Speed (N rpm) is maintained constant?
a. Yes b. No c. Some times d. Cannot Say