Geotechnical Enginee ving Geotechnicad Engineeing Sol} Mechanics 3K Soil! 7 Soil is a loose unconsolidated motenal formed by Weathering Cdisfotegroton ) of tock and decomposition OF organic matter. [— foundations are construct on such soil. : I- Soil has an hefrogenous moteriol Whoes Properties are changed . 2 — Any type soil consist of Sol ids and voids. I during surnmer season —> soil + Void “ Dusng Mansoon season —> soi\ + \laker — During Winter season —»% soil + Water + Air. _ pi) poset Manc depends on 1Ssize oF particles 2) shape of Pasticles 9) structuse Carrangment) of particle 4) moisture C Motes) content in soil. 5) stress history . soil Mechanics s- mechanics that deals With achon of Ferce on solids and Flo of Waler through voids of soils. —> Karl Terzaqi is Father of so}| mechanic: —> foundoHon Engineering ; \ieahion of S0i| Mechanics | eo z seepage aii Ad é ,Module: 1 -— ONY1IN OF soil. | > soils ave formed b Weathering acton on rock. ~— EX~Lnorganic soils , Qravel, Sond -ssilt clay. |? Soils ave formed by decomposition of Organic moter Organic soi! | curmuous soit ~EX- Humus , peat, Muck. ed Intencity OY Role OF leath ening depends on klaber, Tempseture + dissolved Qases present in Woter (mineral! Ceo, 40. ] —— > The process of soil formahon Known as Redogenesis,. p> Rock gets altered by chemico) Weathering mosHy than physical ldleathexing tk Soil formohon j- 50i| formation | Decor Posihon oF organic maHer chemical Process Weothenng oF Rock Process if) aie f 1) Hydrolysis | jp) wedging action af ice Dea erator 3) Plant and soot growth 3) oxidation and Reduction _ Abrasi dueto Air and wlote iD) SSO Csus Py | —> Minerological Composition [> Ppoopesties oF Newly formed changes . Soil is Same as that oF —> Ex- clay Chas sp. propertie Parent Rock - J swellin . . 5 e [> minerals oF soil and Rock acne) | 15 SAM e Ligrcy_ Gravel , sand } silts |> Based on Geologica) cycle- 1) Residuol /sedentary soil : ae — soi| which deposired at same place of ongin — EX- Black cotton soil 2) sedi mentary Trans ported soil ; — Soi] Which fs deposited atoay From its orsgin. sksoils based on source oF Trans portation 4- 1) Wind | Aix s- — > ransporteing agent = kind |Air — soil thot deposited by Air Known as Aeoline EX - Loess , sand dunes . 2) Waker | ig \) lake Water — + Lacustrein soi| — yared clay _ 2) Running Woter—> alluvial soi) — Be Loam, , 3) Manne Wokexs—* pmagine soil a)Gravity :- — Colluviel oR Elluvial deposits , ; i — Mosne claybe Forces acnng onsoil 1, Qravitatonol 2. surface force. Force j-> Propertional to mass of —> Enversly Propertiona) to Particle, the dia of particle. y—> GF of Diameter Stee pal [> Predominany on Gvave) Bi poe a and coarse sand. Peo Per ronal to redial Surface area. SsA= SP.ATEQ mh Vol rm + be nloke i- —> predominant tn Clay, [> En fine sand + silt both forces are dominant ts each other pe Important Field Names 3- 1) Loamy soi} t- mixture oF sand sil— and cla same properHon. Best suitable For AgncwWturol. IGATE- Asoil mixture has —> Not loamy sand Isand=So/. a) Loarny soi} helay < ¥ silt 24 sand Silt = 807- Y With almost yd) Sandy sility clay > clayey silty sand mee a) Bing caves sand z 4) clayey silty sand 2) Varved Aayi- Alternate thin layers of clay and silt 8) Collapsable soi|:- A Soil thot Reduces its volume by Wetting Aeoline deposite —» peoli Loess loess is silty clay Cv clay > y.sitt) Bycoliche! mixture of Qvavel , sand * silt- |) Moorum +CRed soil) - mixture of Gravel and clay + suwifeable Fer WEM Road. (6) Black cotton soil +- chemically weathered Residual clay TE bas High swelling ,shrinkage } plasHcity due to MeNEMord|lanite Clay minerals - tow shear strength +F HIgh Comprescibili tyS) Benhinite cla pecom ese V Ov 60 G50 Se high swelling » see kage + plasHeity due to montmorll se Note’ rf 40F rmontimoriiiionite” 1s more th: bentonite clay than ‘black cotton Soil. ! Soils Partially decoroposed fe edie OO ohuze) 2) Peat |- Paty decomposed organic maHer Which {Ss Fiberous vey 1) Humus: 3) muck j me clecom posed “0m and Ane Energanic Prosten sand gate set Asian, es ale coarse Grain iy soi) So Cohesionless © Soi).