You are on page 1of 82

Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 1

Document A.

1845 George Thomas Morgan Baptism Record

Transcription of Highlighted Portion:


BAPTISMS solemnized in the Parish of Bilston in the County of Stafford in the year of 1845
Parent's Name. By whom
Child's Quality, the
When
Christian Abodes. Trade, or Ceremony
Baptised. Christian Surname
Name. Profession was
performed
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Richard
George
December & [not
Thomas Son Morgan Bilston Coal Master
24 Mary transcribed]
of
Maria

Analysis:
This source is George Thomas Morgan’s Baptism record. The source records Morgan’s
Baptism, his name, his parents’ name, his Surname, his family’s address, and his father's
profession. George Morgan was Baptized on December 24th, 1845, exactly one month after his
birth on November 24th, 1845.
This source gives excellent insight into the Morgan family in 1845, and we learn that
Richard Morgan was a Coal master at the time of George Morgan’s. This information is
corroborated by several other sources, such as censuses and newspaper articles. Unfortunately,
his family’s denomination of Christianity cannot be found as the specific church he was baptized
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 2

in was not recorded; furthermore, there were several active churches at the time representing
different denominations.

Citation:
“Appendix C: Gallery of Primary-Source Documents.” The Private Sketchbook of George T.
Morgan, America’s Silver Dollar Artist, by Karen Lee, Whitman Publishing LLC, 2012,
p. 160.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 3

Document B.

1851 England Census of the Morgan family, Wolverhampton, Bilston

Transcription of Highlighted Portion:


Parish or Township of Ecclesiastical City or Borough of Town of Village of
Bilston District of Wolverhampton Bilston
H Leonards

No. of Name Name Rela Conditi Age of Rank, Wh Whether


Householders of and tion on Professi ere Blind or
Schedule Street, Surname to on, or bor Deaf-and-Du
Place, of Each the Occupati n mb
or Person Hea on
Road in the d of
and House on Fam
Name the Night ily
or No. of the
of 30th of
house March,
1851

… … … … … M Fe … … …
ale mal
s es

… … … … … … … … … …

42 Mount Richard Hea Mar 48 Coal


Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 4

Pleasa Morgan d Master


nt &
Victualer

Mary M Wife Mar 44 ✓


Morgan

Emma Dau U 14 at Home ✓


Morgan

William Son U 14 Scholar ✓


Morgan

Richard Son U 12 Scholar ✓


H
Morgan

Anne E Dau U 10 Scholar ✓


Morgan

Charles Son U 8 Do ✓
Ja.
Morgan

George Son U 5 Do
Tho
Morgan

Wallen J Son U 3 Do
Morgan

Jenks Mot Widow 78 ✓


her
in
law

Sarah Serv U 17 General ✓


Mills ant Servant
Analysis:
This is the 1851 English census in Bilston Wolverhampton. The source shows us that
Morgan had at least 6 siblings and lived with all of them, both his parents, his maternal
grandmother, as well as a servant. His father’s job is corroborated by this source and we also
learn he was a Victualer, which is a person who is authorized to sell alcohol and liquors. We
learn he and his family were living on Mt. Pleasant when Morgan was young.
This is the source that leads us to believe that Richard Morgan was rather wealthy at the
beginning of Morgan’s life. The two traditionally well-paying and powerful occupations as a coal
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 5

mine owner and tavern owner, the large family, and the servant lead one to infer his family was
at least relatively well off for the time.

Citation:
Office for National Statistics “1851 England Census.” Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2005.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 6

Document C.

Richard Morgan- Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, The London Gazette, 1857

Analysis:
This article in the London Gazette details recent court cases pertaining to Insolvent
debtors. This source contains Richard Morgan as one of the insolvent debtors and states the court
was forced to seize his assets in order to pay off his debts. Furthermore, it lists his former
addresses and his former occupations.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 7

After learning that Richard Morgan had a servant, owned a coalfield, and a tavern it is
very shocking to learn that he would be arrested and have his assets seized. However, his
situation is very predictable when put in the context of the time. During that time many coal
masters would pay their employees in tokens and then these tokens would hold little intrinsic
value and would be used in taverns and similar stories. When the token market fell out of favor,
both of his business ventures likely suffered greatly, and it is more than likely, based on his job
information, that they completely collapsed. After his business collapsed, Richard Morgan and
his family were forced to leave Bilston in hopes of better job opportunities in the township of
Wolverhampton (not to be confused with the borough of Wolverhampton).

Citation:
“Page 570 | Issue 21968, 17 February 1857 | London Gazette | the Gazette.”
Www.thegazette.co.uk, 17 Feb. 1857,
www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/21968/page/570. Accessed 26 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 8

Document D.

Infringements of the Beer Laws- Richard Morgan, from The Staffordshire Sentinel, 1858

Analysis:
This source is a snippet from a newspaper article declaring a fine on Richard Morgan, for
keeping an alcohol store open at an illegal time. This article was published on the 16th of
January 1858. The article is very neutral and unbiased, very simply stating the fact that Richard
Morgan infringed on a law.
This source gave valuable insight into what job Richard Morgan worked as and gave
information on George’s early life. Many of the early British census pieces have very illegible
cursive writing, which resulted in a lot of information on the profession of Richard Morgan being
largely unknown. This article was able to assist in filling that gap.

Citation:
“The Staffordshire Sentinel and Commercial and General Advertiser 16 Jan 1858, Page 6.”
Newspapers.com, 16 Jan. 1858,
www.newspapers.com/image/973181654/?terms=Richard%20Morgan&match=1.
Accessed 26 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 9

Document E.

1861 English Census

Transcription of highlighted portion:


The undermentioned Houses are situate [sic] within the Boundaries of the
Parish [or City or Municipal Parliam Town of Hamlet Ecclesiastical District of
Township] of Municipal Ward of entary or Saint Paul’s [?]
Birmingham Borough of All Saints Borough Tythin
Birmingham of g of
Birming
ham
Houses Rel Age of
ati
Unin- Name on
Road, Street,
habita and to Whether Blind,
No. of &c, In- Con
ted Surna He Rank, Where or
Schedul and No. or ha diti M Fe
(U.), me of ad Profess Born Deaf-and-Dum
e Name of bit on ale mal
or Each of es ion, or b
House ed
Buildi Person Fa Ocuupt
ng (B.) mil ion
y
,.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 10

Wid Iron
10 [Regent William He r Moulde Hereford
146 Place] / Roberts ad [sic] 57 r Ludford
Bo Family Staffordsh
Pheope ard Laundr ire
Pynar er Mad 51 ess Harborne
Embroi
Charles dery do West
Morgan do Un 18 Chair Bromwich
Die
George Engrav
do do 15 er do Bliston

Analysis:
This source is an 1861 census, which has the job of George Morgan at the age of 15. We
also learn that his siblings were working at the time too, and that he was living with multiple
other people that were not related to him at the same address.
This source is useful because it gives key information on Morgan’s mid-teenage years.
Because of this census data, Morgan’s job as a die engraver prior to working in the United States
is known, as well as his residence at 10 Regent Place.

Citation:
Office for National Statistics “1861 England Census.” Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2005.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 11

Document F.

1871 English Census


Transcription:

Civil Parish City or Municipal Ward of Parliame Town Village Local Board or Eccle
[or Municipal Brompton ntary of or [Improvment siasti
Township] of Borough of Borough Hamle Commissioners cal
Kensington of t of District] of Distr
Chelsea ict of
Holy
[inde
ciphe
rable
]
Brom
pton
Houses Age of Whet
Rela
her
ROAD, STREET, tion
Unin- Name and Rank, Blind
No. of &c, to Con
Surname Profes , or
Sched and No. or NAME In- habitated Hea diti M Fe Where Born
hab (U.), or of Each sion, Deaf-
ule of d of on al ma
ited Building Person e les or and-
HOUSE Fam
(B.) Occup Dum
ily
ation b
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 12

[Lodgi
ng
House
Mama Hea Keeper
188 41 [Pelham Street] / Purple (?) d W 45 ] [not transcribed]
Henry Do Son 20 Clerk [not transcribed]
Dau
ghte Dress
Bertha Do r 22 Maker [not transcribed]
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....
Die
George Lodg Engrav
189 Morgan er 25 er Bilston Stafford
Porcel
ain
Wallen Do Do 23 Painter Do Do
[not
Thomas transcr
190 Cox Do 24 ibed] [not transcribed]

Analysis:
This is an excerpt from a census from 1871 in which Morgan’s new address at 41 Pelham
Street is known and other residents of the same address are known too. This official government
document gives Morgan’s address and profession at the time of the recording of the census.
This source gave a lot of insight into what Morgan was doing just a few years before
coming to the United States, including his address and profession. It was gathered and inferred
through these two pieces of information that Morgan and his brother Walter likely moved
residence in order to shorten commute time to work for both of them.

Citation:
Office for National Statistics “1871 England Census.” Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2004.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 13

Document G.

1871 Census: Alice Pearce Listed living in Kensington

Transcript:
The undermentioned Houses are situate [sic] within the Boundaries of the
Parish [or City or Municipal Parliame Town Village Local Ecclesiasti
Township] Municipal Ward of ntary of or Board or cal District
of Borough of Brompton Borough Hamlet [Improvem of
Kensington of of ent [indecipher
Chelsea Commissio able]
ners
District] of
Kensington
Houses Age of
Un
in-
ha
No. bit Name Relat
ROAD, ate Rank,
of and ion to Co Whether
STREET, &c, In- d Surnam Head Profess
Sc nd M Where Blind, or
and No. or ha (U. ion, or
he e of of iti a Fem Born Deaf-and-
NAME of bit ), Occup
dul Each Fami on l ales Dumb
HOUSE ed or Person e ation
e ly
Bu
ildi
ng
(B.
)
..
,.. ... ... ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... ...
[24 Alice L Surrey
249 indecipherable] [/] [Pearce] Dau Un 19 Barnes
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 14

Analysis:
This source is the 1871 United Kingdom census, similar to Document F, however this one
focuses on Morgan’s wife, Alice Louise Pearce. The document serves as proof of Alice’s
existence, her age, and her address.
This census is one of the more simpler documents, but it also provides some insight on
how Alice and George got married. Alice was living in Kensington at the same time period as
George Morgan, and it is very likely that they met sometime during this time. There is no way to
know for sure how they met, but some inferences can be made by looking at the 1871 UK
census.

Citation:
Office for National Statistics “1871 England Census.” Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2004.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 15

Document H.

Marriage Certificate for George Morgan and Alice Pearce, 1873

Transcription:
1873, Marriage solemnized at the Parish Church in the Parish of S. Matthias Earl's Court in
the County of Middlesex
When Name Rank or Rank or
A Cond Residence at the Father's Name
No. Marrie and Professi Profession of
ge ition time of Marriage and Surname
d Surname on Father.
George Bach Richard
Thomas 28 elor Medalist Finborough Road Morgan
Manager
27 Morgan
33 Dec.
1873 Alice
Spin
Louisa 21 North ___ Villa Daniel Pearce Manufacturer
ster
Pearce
Married in the Parish Church according to the Rites and Ceremonies of the Established
Church, by or after by me, Licence or after __________by me,
Henry Nestale Curate
This George Thomas Morgan William Gooch
Marriage
in the Presence of
was
us,
solemnized Alice Louise Pearce Victor G. Day
between us,

Analysis:
This source is a marriage certificate between George T. Morgan and Alise L. Pearce. This
source was released on 27th December, 1873, when the marriage was made official, and was
signed by witnesses and reverends.
This source was very useful in many ways. It uncovered the final known address of
Morgan in England before he immigrated to the United States, while also confirming when the
marriage between Morgan and Alice Pearce happened. This source was used for the address
given, and the job he held at that point in time.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 16

Citation:
“London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1938.” Ancestry.com
Operations Inc., 2010.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 17

Document I.

Ethel Morgan’s Baptism, 1874

Transcript:
BAPTISMS solemnized in the Parish of St. Matthias Earls Court in the County of Middlesex in
the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four
When Child’s Parent’s Parent’s Abode Quality,
Baptized Christian Christian Surname Trade, or
Name Name Profession

Nov. 17, Ethel George + Morgan 144 Medalist


1874 Alice Finborough
Road

Analysis:
This document is a baptism record of George T. Morgan’s daughter, Ethel Morgan, from
1874. This document is a certificate confirming Ethel to be baptized.
This document was very useful as it confirmed Ethel’s existence as one of Morgan’s
children. There were not many sources corroborating this fact, and the baptism with the names of
both parents is strong evidence. Additionally, it is a sign that Christianity continued to be the
faith of the Morgan family going into the next generation, which is a point spoken on in the
section about Morgan’s religion.

Citation:
“London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923.” Ancestry.com
Operations Inc., 2010.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 18

Document J.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 19
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 20
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 21
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 22

Letter from U.S. Mint Director Henry Linderman to British Royal Mint Deputy Master Charles
Fremantle regarding an opening at a position in the Philadelphia branch of the US Mint, 1876.
Transcript
June 13th, 1876
C. W. Fremantle, Esq.
Dear Sir
I acknowledge the receipt of your very valuable Report for 1875, which I find full
of interesting information relative to coinage, money standards ec. [sic]
I fear that I am trespassing entirely too much on your time and kindness but I
must ask another favor. Could you find us a first class Die sinker who would be willing to
take the position of Assistant Engraver at the Mint of Philadelphia. [sic] We would like a
man who could produce a finished Hub, and if he understood modeling and also
bronzing, it would make him more valuable to us. We could pay about $8 per day to a
person of proper qualifications. If you know of such an one [sic] who would be likely to
answer our purpose. I will be glad if you will place one in communication with him.
The engraving of coinage and medal dies has not been brought to much perfection
in this country. In England it appears to have reached a standard equal if not superior to
that of any other country.
Are we not to have the pleasure of your presence in the United States during the
present year? I hope so. If you come, we shall do all in our power to make your visit
pleasant. I also hope we shall be able to bring about a monetary conference between our
respective Countries at an early day. I do not like the looks of the silver question. A
consultation on the subject by the principal commercial nations is certainly very
desirable.
If we could induce China to adopt a coinage system it would be one of the most
effective measures for restoring in some degree the relative value between gold and
silver, which within a year or two has so long prevailed.
A monetary conference between Great Britain and the United States would afford
an opportunity for a full consideration and discussion of this and other important
questions.
Very respectfully
H. R. Linderman
Director.
Analysis:
The text is a letter written by H. R. Linderman, the Director of the Mint, to C. W.
Fremantle, Esq. It takes the structure of a formal letter, indicating a professional correspondence.
Linderman acknowledges receipt of a report, requests assistance in finding a qualified die sinker
for a position at the Mint of Philadelphia, expresses interest in Fremantle's potential visit to the
United States, and proposes the idea of a monetary conference between their respective
countries. This letter is directed to C.W. Fremantle.
This document was very important to George T. Morgan’s career, which made it very
important to the biography. The letter was the foundation and inception of Morgan’s immigration
to the United States, and was used to show how Morgan’s excellence in his career led to him
getting chosen by Linderman.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 23

Citation:
“Appendix C: Gallery of Primary-Source Documents.” The Private Sketchbook of George T.
Morgan, America’s Silver Dollar Artist, by Karen Lee, Whitman Publishing LLC, 2012,
pp. 164–167.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 24

Document K.

Letter from Leonard Wyon (British Engraver) to Charles Fremantle (Deputy Master of the Royal
Mint), 1876

Transcript:
19th July 1876
My dear Sir
I have just heard that Mr. Pinches inadvertently over-stated his nephew’s age. He is not
yet quite 20, so I fear too young for such an important post.
Most truly yours,
Leonard C. Wyon.
The Hon. C. W. Fremantle
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 25

Analysis:
This source is a letter from Leonard Wyon to C. W. Fremantle, which states that a person
who was nearly getting a job in the United States Mint was not fit for the job due to his age, and
that someone else must take the job. This letter is likely very biased against Mr. Pinches and his
nephew, and there is a high chance that Wyon wanted to get this job position open for someone
else. The letter was directed to someone searching for a job position, and it is highly likely that
both Mr. Pinches and Wyon were biased in what they sent to Fremantle.
This source was very useful, as it was very easy to piece together what this letter meant
for Morgan’s position at the United States Mint in the future. If Leonard Wyon had never sent
this letter to Fremantle, it is likely that Mr. Pinches’ nephew would have taken the position at the
mint, despite his young age, which would have removed the availability of the position when it
was being offered to Morgan.

Citation:
“Appendix C: Gallery of Primary-Source Documents.” The Private Sketchbook of George T.
Morgan, America’s Silver Dollar Artist, by Karen Lee, Whitman Publishing LLC, 2012,
p. 168.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 26

Document L.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 27
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 28
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 29
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 30

Henry Linderman’s August 22nd letter to George T. Morgan offering him a position at the US
Mint
Sir
I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 27th [indecipherable] also a copy
of [indecipherable] the new [indecipherable].
I am authorized to make the following proposition for you to come to this country and
give us your experiences as an engraver for a period of six months from the date of your leaving
London. Your compensation to be $8 or [indecipherable] dime, and your necessary traveling
expenses from London to Philadelphia
Inclose you a provided pamphlet [sic], a page of which, you will find the provisions of law under
which your employment is to be made.
I deem a temporary arrangement, as above, as more adoisable [sic] than your
appointment as assistant engraver, as it will have us, and you, free to make, at the end of six
months, such an arrangement as would best suit us. Over the meantime an [indecipherable]
would be afforded for displaying your qualifications as an engraver, and for you to determine
what leaves and position would best suit you for appointment engagement if you should desire to
make one.
In reply to one of your inquiries, I would state that, changes in the engraver’s department
are not made except for causes connected with qualification and character, and, it is proper to add
that whenever we shall become well satisfied that the [indecipherable] of the services require it,
we shall make a change in the incumbency of the engravership of the Mint.
From what Mr. Fremantle [sic] says of your qualifications we can searcely [sic] doubt
that your skill as an engraver will meet our requirements.
Our working hours in the engraver’s department are from 9 A.M. until 3 P.M. during
which time you will be expected to devote yourself to the government business. Outside of these
hours, and outside of the Mint, you will be at liberty to execute any order on your own account
that you may think proper.
Our legal holidays are five in a year and Saturday afternoons, after 2 o’clock
If these terms shall be satisfactory to you, as I hope they will, you will please come on as
soon as may suit your convenience and report for duty to Hon James Rollock, Superintendent of
the U.S. Mint of Philad. and at which place I will call upon you soon after your arrival.
Very Respectfully
H Linderman
Director.
Mr George Morgan
144 Finborough Road
West Brompton, London

Analysis:
NBA: This source is a letter that includes many details about the job George T. Morgan is
being offered. It is written by H. Linderman, the director of the United States Mint, who gives a
full rundown of what the job entails. The purpose of this letter is to give Morgan all the
information he needs before accepting the offer to move to the United States and join the mint, as
he had just recently gotten married and needed to decide how he was going to settle into his new
life
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 31

This source is extremely valuable because it gives all the details and specifics that
Morgan’s job would entail when he would inevitably join the Mint. Of course, the terms were
likely to change over the course of his stead as an engraver, but the groundwork laid out in this
letter was vastly important to the biography.

Citation:
“Appendix C: Gallery of Primary-Source Documents.” The Private Sketchbook of George T.
Morgan, America’s Silver Dollar Artist, by Karen Lee, Whitman Publishing LLC, 2012,
pp. 169–172.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 32

Document M.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 33
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 34
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 35

Letter from Henry Linderman to Charles Fremantle informing Fremantle of Linderman offering
Morgan employment at the US Mint
Transcription:
August 22, 1876
My dear Freemantle, [sic]
Acknowledging your very kind favor of the 31st July, I have to inform you that an offer
for an engagement of six months has this day been sent for Mr. George Morgan.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 36

This arrangement contemplates a trial of Mr. Morgan’s qualifications with a view, if he


fills our requirements of his [indecipherable] engagement and learns satisfactory to him, and his
appointment finally as the engraver of the Mint. I wonder that he may not be hampered by
Professional jealousy, I have arranged to employ him under a provision of law which places him
under the direction of the Director of the Mint. He will have appointments to come from Philad.
[sic] to Washington officially whenever it may be desirable to confer with me.
If he accepts my proposition he shall have a fair and full [indecipherable] for the display
of his skill and accomplishments.
I thank you for your kind affection in this matter
The joint resolution for the monetary _____ failed to reecive [sic] action by the House of
Representatives and goes over until next December.
The silver question has become quite an absorbing one in our Country, and will receive
much affection at the next session of Congress.
The real point in the case is the effort of the “soft money” men to voice the old silver
dollar and make it a full legal tender.
There may be a severe contest over it, but I have no fears that it will be made applicable
to existing on past contracts.
I shall keep you advised of of [sic] all that appertains to the discussion_ [sic] Our people
are not as ripe as the English, and French are on the money and standard questions, but they will
have their say and [indecipherable] to arrive at a just Conclusion.
Hastily yours,
W R Linderman
Hon. C. W. Freemantle

Analysis:
This source is a letter from W. R. Linderman to C. W. Freemantle, on the topic of the new
position George T. Morgan has been offered at the United States Mint. The tone is slightly
passive aggressive, as Linderman implicates there is a level of jealousy that Freemantle may hold
towards Morgan.
This source is very important, as it is another formal letter confirming the position
Morgan is being offered at the mint. This source was used to explain the process and break down
the timeline of Morgan’s entire immigrating process, as well as confirmation that he truly had the
job. On top of this, the source also displays all of the different details the job entails, such as
going to Washington when necessary with a question.

Citation:
“Appendix C: Gallery of Primary-Source Documents.” The Private Sketchbook of George T.
Morgan, America’s Silver Dollar Artist, by Karen Lee, Whitman Publishing LLC, 2012,
pp. 173–176.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 37

Document N.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 38

Letter from George T. Morgan to Charles Fremantle thanking him for his assistance and
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 39

informing Freemantle of Morgan’s plans to accept employment at the Mint.


Transcription:
144 ___ Road
West Brouikton
Sept 20th 1876
Dear Sir,
I have decided to leave for Philadelphia on Wednesday next 27th mor? [sic]
I should be glad to see you before I go. I, therefore, propose coming to the Royal Mint on
Friday morning- I do not wish you to alter any arrangements so as to be able to see me- for
[indecipherable] any business is [scribble] by any means important.
I should [scribble] have the pleasure of meeting you _ [sic] let me take this opportunity g [sic]
thanking [sic] you [indecipherable] in the kindly [indecipherable] you have taken in connection
with my appointment to the Mint of Philadelphia.
I am
Dear Sir
Yours Faithfully
George Morgan
Hon C.W. Freemantle
Deputy Master of Mint
Analysis:
This source is a letter from George T. Morgan to C. W. Fremantle, in which he relays his
plan to leave England for Philadelphia and begin working at the mint. He writes this letter to
inform his former colleague who he sees as a friend, so they could meet one more time before he
leaves. It is unknown whether or not they were able to meet before he left, as there are no other
letters found between them.
This source was valuable because it added insight into the character of Morgan. There are
not many letters that were found from Morgan himself; most of them were about him between
fellow engravers and coiners. Having insight into Morgan’s character allowed the biography to
not just be about his achievements, but also about who he was as a person.

Citation:
“Appendix C: Gallery of Primary-Source Documents.” The Private Sketchbook of George T.
Morgan, America’s Silver Dollar Artist, by Karen Lee, Whitman Publishing LLC, 2012,
pp. 177–178.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 40

Document O.

Passenger manifest of SS Illinois, the ship George T. Morgan immigrated to America on


Transcript:

Report or Manifest of all the Passengers taken on board the S.S. Illinois ... owned by the
American S.S. Co. of Philadelphia and bound for Philadelphia
Country of
To what which is their
Name. Age. Sex. Occupation. Country intention to
Belonging. become
Inhabitants
... ... ... .... ... ...
George
28 M Clother [sic] England England
Morgan

Analysis:

This source is a passenger list of people on the S.S. Illinois, a passenger ship that went
from England to Philadelphia. Listed on this was 28 year old George Morgan, whose job was
titled on it as “Clother”. It is likely that Morgan lied about his job, though the reason is unknown.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 41

This source was vital in figuring out a timeline for Morgan’s arrival and assimilation in
the United States. Not only was it useful for the biography, but it made the abstract possible and
it made the rest of the information more logical. In addition to this, it calls for speculation on
why Morgan’s job was different on this document than it is displayed everywhere else.

Citation:
“New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (Including Castle Garden and Ellis Island),
1820-1957.” Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2010.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 42

Document P.

Henry Linderman’s Letter to George T. Morgan about a coin model

Transcription:
October 31st 6
Sir
I have your letter of yesterday in which you state that you have one model ready
for reduction by the machine.
You may proceed with all the models according to your best judgment and without my
first seeing them.
When the models are ready it will only be necessary for you to go to the [indecipherable]
and have them reduced on the machine.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 43

I will be well however, to have one reduced before having another in order that other
necessary work may be done.

Respectfully,
George Morgan Esq.
[indecipherable] Director
Analysis:

This is a letter from the Director of the United States Mint, Henry Linderman, to George
T. Morgan dated October 31, 1876, 24 days after George T. Morgan arrived in America. In this
letter, Linderman states that he gives Morgan permission to model as necessary without the need
to ask Linderman for permission.
This source gives insight into how much trust was entrusted in Morgan so quickly. There
must be some sort of reason Henry Linderman trusts Morgan so much, it can be inferred that the
reason for this is because Morgan’s models are quite good and Linderman believes he will get
results on his own.

Citation:
“Appendix C: Gallery of Primary-Source Documents.” The Private Sketchbook of George T.
Morgan, America’s Silver Dollar Artist, by Karen Lee, Whitman Publishing LLC, 2012,
p. 180.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 44

Document Q.

List of New Arrivals in New York including Mrs. Geo Morgan and infant, 1877
Transcription:
Mrs. Geo
74 Morgan 20 F Wife ✔ England
75 Infant Inft '' Inft ✔ _do_ 7-4

Analysis:
This source is a list of new arrivals coming into New York on the S.S. Britannic. Included
on the list are George T. Morgan’s wife and infant daughter, Alice and Ethel, respectively. On the
list, they are represented by the names “Mrs. Geo Morgan”, and “Infant”. These titles make it
difficult to identify who the subject is, however through cross-date examination, it was possible
to determine that these were both members of George’s family.
This list gives an accurate time for when George’s family arrived in America after him.
Though the ambiguous names given for his wife and daughter made it more difficult to
determine whether this was the correct family being identified, after it was confirmed a lot more
information was uncovered about both Alice and Ethel Morgan.

Citation:
“New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (Including Castle Garden and Ellis Island),
1820-1957.” Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2010.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 45

Document R.

Leonard Pearce Morgan’s Registration of Birth in 1877

When Date of Birth Name of child sex color Place of birth


Registered

-- June 9, 1877 Leonard Pearce Morgan male white 1614 mt vernon st.

In the city of philadelphia

Name of parents Occupation of Name of physician Residence of


father physician

George & Alice Morgan engraver R. Sargeut 1609 Mt Vernon St

Analysis:
This is the birth registration of George T. Morgan’s son Leonard Pearce Morgan. It covers
the birth sex, race, date, of Leonard P. Morgan and the status of George T. Morgan at the time his
wife, Alice Morgan, conceived Leonard. The document tells us that G. Morgan was still
employed as an engraver, Leonard was born on June 9, 1877, and Leonard was born a white
male.
The sources that contained objective life information on his immediate family were
useful in providing information on his career situation, relationship status, and his residence
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 46

when he had the child. Based on when Leonard was born, we can assume that Morgan was able
to settle well in Philadelphia and was doing relatively well in the beginning of his career at the
Philadelphia Mint. We also know that they would have lived somewhere near 1614 and 1609 Mt
Vernon St.

Citation:
Registrations of Births in 1877, in the City of Philadelphia. Philadelphia City Archive, 1877.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 47

Document S.

Mason’s Coin Collectors Herald article about the Morgan Dollar, 1879
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 48

Citation:
Mason, Ebenezer. “Mason’s Coin Collector’s Herald.” Mason’s Coin and Stamp Collector’s
Magazine, vol. 1, no. 3, Dec. 1879, p. 1
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 49

Document T.

1880 U.S. Census including George Morgan Family

Transcription:
street Hous Name Race Sex Age Relation Occu Birth Birthp Birthpl
e# ship pation place lace of ace of
father mother

Spruc 4047 Morgan w m 34 Head of Engra Engl Engla Englan


e George house ver and nd d

Alice w f 27 Wife Keepi Engl Engla Englan


ng and nd d
house

Grace w f 5 Daughte Engl Engla Englan


r and nd d

Leonar w m 2 Son Penn Engla Englan


d sylva nd d
nia

Analysis:
This is the 1880 census in Philadelphia. This provides information on George T.
Morgan’s immediate family in 1880/those living in the same house as him and his family’s
birthplace history. This also provides information on his residency in 1880. We are given that
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 50

Morgan lived with his wife Aclice and his two kids Grace and Leonard in 1880. We also know
that the only one in his immediate family born in the US is Leonard P. Morgan.
From the information, we can make inferences about the structure of the household
including roles in and out of the house based on the relationship and occupation titles. This
source was used to provide data on Morgan’s life around the 1880 time period, mainly where he
lived because Morgan lived in a lot of different places all throughout Philadelphia.

Citation:
United States Census Bureau “1880 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry.com Operations
Inc., 1880.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 51

Document U.

Social Matters in Philadelphia Inquirer, 1888

Transcript:
SOCIAL MATTERS

A HOST OF DINNERS, TEAS AND OTHER AFFAIRS

Entertainments Which Have Taken Place or Have Been Announced in the Various Circles
of Society




The play of “New Men and Old Acres,” which was produced Thursday evening at
Institute Hall for the benefit of the Belmont Cricket Club, was well rendered by the following
company: Mrs. J. de F. Junkin, Mr. George T. Morgan, Mr. J. P. Green, Mr. V. E. Petry, Mr. O.
North, Mr. Seymour Neff, Mr. J. Fabnestock, Master Kane Green, Miss Gillingham, Mrs. E. M.
Sayers, Mrs. J. P. Green and Mrs. E. Ellison.

Analysis:
This is a news article detailing several social events that happened in Philadelphia on
April 28, 1888. This particular excerpt discusses the social event at the Belmont Cricket Club
which George Morgan took part in. The Club performed a play that was rendered by several
members of the club.
From other sources, we know that Morgan was on the entertainment committee. This
source gives insight into what members of the Belmont Cricket Club’s entertainment committee
would do. We can infer that Morgan was regularly acting and performing acts of entertainment
for the club as a member of the entertainment committee.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 28 Apr 1888, Page 2.” Newspapers.com, 28 Apr. 1888,
www.newspapers.com/image/167587871/?terms=. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 52

Document V.

George T. Morgan Pigeon racing results

Analysis:
This is a news article relaying a recent
pigeon race, in which George T. Morgan
took part in. The article serves to make
people who are interested aware of the
results, as well as introduce all of the
participants in the race.
This was a 500-mile race that 500 birds
took part in. From Morgan's results, we
can infer that he likely did this less for
competitive reasons and more for it being
a fun pastime. This reveals a lot about
how he enjoyed many aspects of life, and
he did much more than just draw and
design medals.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Times 11 Jul 1890,
Page 2.” Newspapers.com, 11 July 1890,
www.newspapers.com/image/52194225/.
Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 53

Document W.

List of Concourse races, The Philadelphia Times, 1890


Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 54

Analysis:
This source is a newspaper article that announces the results of another pigeon race. The
article serves to make people aware of the lukewarm results of the pigeon race. The results of
this race were very disappointing, which likely made fans of the sport also very disappointed
This article is not much different from the previous one, the only difference is that this is
for a different race. This article was published for the general public, but the fact that George
Morgan participated in multiple races shows that this was one of his more developed hobbies. He
had some sort of commitment to pigeon racing, but it was not on the same level as drawing or
cricket.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Times 20 Jun 1890, Page 2.” Newspapers.com, 20 June 1890,
www.newspapers.com/image/52191836/?terms=. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 55

Document X.

Sketch Club Enjoyment, The Philadelphia Inquirer, 1891

Analysis:
This source is a newspaper snippet regarding the Philadelphia Sketch Club on 18th
January, 1891, and a special event they had. In this event, many members of the club took up and
decided to do a performative dance. This source is a recount of the event that happened at the
sketch club the night before.
This source gives a very good look into the personality of George T. Morgan. There are
not many accounts of what he does for fun, besides playing cricket and pigeon racing. This
article shows him to be a very lively man, who partakes in fun gestures with people who have
similar interests to him in his art club at the Philadelphia Sketch Club.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 18 Jan 1891, Page 2.” Newspapers.com, 18 Jan. 1891,
www.newspapers.com/image/168294502/?terms=George%20T%20Morgan&match=1.
Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 56

Document Y.

Business of the Philadelphia Sketch Club, The Philadelphia Inquirer, 1894


Transcription:
The annual meeting for business and election of officers of the Philadelphia Sketch Club was
held Saturday evening of last week.

The exhibitions of work at the annual reception and the first autumn meeting were plentiful and
good. But the monthly competition for prizes languished during the year though at times there
was a fair show of good work. Instructive monographs were given by J. C. Claghorn on “Modern
Illustrations by Photo-Mechanical Methods,” and by George T. Morgan on “Medallic Art.”
subjects in which they are experts.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 57

Analysis:
This source is a newspaper article that summarized an exhibition done at the Philadelphia
Sketch Club. In this exhibition, the skill of medallic art was taught by George T. Morgan,
alongside a lesson on Modern Illustrations. These lessons were shown to a large audience of
interested artistic people, intrigued by the unique and intricacies of these art styles.
This source goes to show the pride Morgan took in his work, as he was very willing to
teach and release his learnings to the public as well. To be able to teach a group of already
talented people at the Philadelphia Sketch Club was very impressive, and it is a great reflection
of not only his skill in engraving, but his personality and how he is not a very self-centered or
vindictive person.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 14 Jan 1894, Page 14.” Newspapers.com, 14 Jan. 1894,
www.newspapers.com/image/168244831/?terms=. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 58

Document Z.

Belmont wins against Phoenixville, The Philadelphia Inquirer, 1895

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 01 Sep 1895, Page 7.” Newspapers.com, 1 Sept. 1895,
www.newspapers.com/image/168207576/. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 59

Document AA.

George Morgan’s daughter died in Birmingham from the Philadelphia Times 1896

Analysis:
This source is a newspaper article discussing the current happening at the Mint in those
days. There were two main events going on at the time. The Mint was closed down that day for
the next half month due to regular maintenance and George Morgan’s daughter died in England.
Morgan’s daughter’s death must have been extremely shocking and heartbreaking for
George. The death was very sudden and happened so far away from the family and must have
caused a lot of pain.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Times 27 Jun 1896, Page 2.” Newspapers.com, 27 June 1896,
www.newspapers.com/image/52393453/?terms=george+morgan+mint&xid=637&_gl=1.
Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 60

Document AB.

Belmont Cricket Club Meeting, The Philadelphia Times, 1896

Analysis:
This source is a newspaper article about the annual meeting for the Belmont Cricket Club
for 1896. In this meeting, the club voted for its administration, and the vote yielded many new
staff within the Club. This article is meant to notify the general public who are interested in the
happenings of the Belmont Cricket Club about the new changes being made to administration,
and that the club is continuing to go strong into the next year of cricket.
One of the major changes in administration was the election of George T. Morgan as a
member of the Board of Directors. This step was huge, as Morgan had been dedicated to the
sport of cricket and the Belmont Cricket Club for over eight years by then, so this election
solidified his place in the club, and caused him to stay for years to come.

Citation
“The Philadelphia Times 09 Dec 1896, Page 10.” Newspapers.com, 9 Dec. 1896,
www.newspapers.com/image/53387684/. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 61
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 62

Document AC.

Record of the Belmont Men, The Philadelphia Times, 1896


Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 63

Transcription (with the highlighted portions being particularly important):


RECORDS OF THE BELMONT MEN

THE PAST SEASON ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL IN ITS HISTORY

BOTH ELEVENS DID GOOD WORK

King and Cregar Added Much Strength to the First Eleven, the Former Celebrating His
First Year by Winning the Club Batting and Bowling Cups and the G. W. Childs Bowling
Cup, Thus Making Him the Champion Trundler of the Quaker City.

The past season has been one of the most successful in the history of the Belmont Cricket
Club, the work of the different elevens having proved exceedingly encouraging, while Belmont
men who participated in the international matches with the Australians more than held their own,
A. M. Wood securing the batting honors, with an average of 10, leads and bowlers.
Belmont tied Germantown in the race for the Halifax cup and shares with Merion the
honor of leading the contestants for Club Record cup honors.
The first eleven was greatly strengthened in all its matches by the presence of J. B. King
and E. M. Cregar, the former celebrating his first year with the West Philadelphia organization by
winning the club batting and bowling cups and the George W. Childs bowling cup, awarded to
the champion trundler of the Quaker City.
The Belmont Club now fosters a number of out-door games besides cricket, its
membership of over 800 dividing their time between cricket, tennis, golf, croquet, and bowling
and the many indoor games played in the handsome new club house.
It is stated that the attractions for 1897 will again be increased and the club management
will make a great effort to increase the membership to 1,000. With This object in view, the
entrance fee of ten dollars will be remitted from the dues of all members elected between January
1 and May 1 of the ensuing year. In spite of the fact that the grounds of the Belmont Club are so
conveniently located at Fiftieth street and Chester avenue, the club dues are less than those of
any of the large clubs in town, and it is therefore confidently expected that the temporary
remission of the entrance fee will cause an unprecedented influx of new members.
Yesterday [sic] President J. B. Colohan, Jr., recently elected to serve for another year,
announced the appointment of the following committees:
Finance—John P. Green, chairman; Henry C. Brown, H. H. Pigott, C. William Funk.
Cricket—George T. Morgan, chairman; Milton C. Work, John M. Miller, Arthur M.
Wood, Frank Lee Altemus.
Membership—Henry H. Hallowell, chairman; John M. Miller, D. L. Magruder, Jr., James
A. Hill; J. Howard Brown, secretary, 427 Walnut Street
Athletic—Milton C. Work, chairman; Dr. J. Aubrey Davis, Harrison Townsend.
Tennis—Henry C. Brown, chairman; H. H. Pigott, Charles Tete, Jr., D. L. Magruder, Hr,.
B. L. C. Griffith, Kane S. Green.
House—W. Slade Clark, chairman; H. H. Pigott, William P. Conover, Jr., John A. Inglis,
D. L. Magruder, Jr.
Entertainment—Harrison Townsend, Chairman; Milton C. Work, George T. Morgan,
Louis H. Ayres, John A. Inglis, Edward K. Leech.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 64

Bowling—John M. Miller, chairman; D. L. Magruder, Jr., J. Howard Brown.


Gold—Milton C. Work, Dr. J. Aubrey Davis, Harrison Townsend.
Below will be found the results of matches played during 1896 by all elevens, with a list
showing the individual batting and bowling averages of the player…

Analysis:
This source is a newspaper article that discusses the skill of the Belmont Cricketers, but
also the administrative positions held by some of them. Published on the 13th December, 1896,
this article is not only meant to embellish the prowess of the Belmont Cricket Club, but also
inform the public about who fills what administrative position.
This document was very useful, as it not only gave us information on how well the
Belmont Cricket Club was doing skill wise, but also gave us two very valuable pieces of
information: George T. Morgan was the chairman of cricket, and he was also one of the chief
entertainment officers at the club. Through learning this, we were able to search for more
documents not only corroborating these facts but also giving more information on each one.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Times 13 Dec 1896, Page 22.” Newspapers.com, 13 Dec. 1896,
www.newspapers.com/image/53387744/?terms=George%20T%20Morgan&match=1.
Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 65

Document AD.

Article that shows George’s cricket stats, The Philadelphia Inquirer

Analysis:
This is a statistical summary of Morgan’s cricket match from 19th December 1897. This
summary is derived from a larger newspaper article, and is intended for people unable to attend
and spectate for the Belmont Cricket Club’s match. Cricket was on the rise in popularity within
America, and many people were very interested in Belmont’s cricketing matches.
This source not only shows Morgan’s batting averages, but also shows his bowling
averages. This is very useful as all the other sources with statistics and averages of Morgan’s
cricketing only show the batting and not his bowling as well.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer.” Newspapers.com, 27 Jan. 1897,
www.newspapers.com/image/168388288/.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 66

Document AE.

Article that shows George’s cricket stats, The Philadelphia Inquirer

Analysis:
This is a summary of a cricket match, derived from a newspaper article. The stats are
intended for people interested in the sport, and who were waiting for the results of the Belmont
Cricket Club’s matches. The summary comes out one day after the match.
This source was very useful in determining how good and dedicated Morgan was to
cricket. It was important to see his statistics as a member of the Belmont Cricket Club, and it was
very useful when examining his skill level and position within the club.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 06 Aug 1899, Page 15.” Newspapers.com, 6 Aug. 1899,
www.newspapers.com/image/168125491/?terms=G.%20T.%20Morgan&match=1.
Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 67

Document AF.

1900 Census of the Morgan Family at Chester Ave.

Location Personal Description


Whe
ther
Sing Nu Nu
Nu
Hou Age le mbe mbe
Rela Col mbe
se Name at marr r of r of Occ
Stre tion. or or Sex Mon Year last r of
Nu ied year Chil ... upat
et th. . Chil
mbe race. birth wid s dren ion
dren
r day owe marr livin
born
d or ied g
divo
rced
... ... ... ... ... .... ... .. .. ... ... .... ... ... ...
Che
ster Eng
...
Ave 471 Morgan Hea 184 rave
nue 4 Geo. T. d W M Nov. 9 51 M 26 r
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 68

Wif 185
...
- Alice L e w f mar 3 49 M 26 4 3
at
187 ... scho
- Leonard Son w m June 7 23 S ol
Dau at
ghte 188 ... scho
- Phyllis r w f Oct 4 15 S ol
Dau at
ghte 188 ... scho
- Beatrice r w f Oct 6 14 S ol
Gen
-H
...
Devine serv 184 Wor
Maggie ant w f Mar 8 22 S k

Analysis:
The 1900 census was the census that was taken at the beginning of a century, and more
valuable information about George T. Morgan is revealed. Since this is a census, it is a simple
unbiased record that shows the Morgan’s address at 4714 Chester avenue. By now, all of
George’s children have been born and Morgan was the sole provider for the family.
This source was used to gain information on not just George’s later years of his life, but
records of the rest of his family as well. The source was greatly useful, as it not only told the
ages of the entire Morgan family, but also the fact that they were in school was known. The
decennial censuses are very useful to the biography, as they give a strong timeline of the lives of
the entire Morgan family, including house-workers.

Citation:
United States Census Bureau “1900 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry.com Operations
Inc., 2004.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 69

Document AG.

1910 Census showing the Morgan Family at West Upsal Street

Transcript:
West Hous Nam Relat Sex Race Age Birthp Father Moth Occupat Indus
Upsal e No e ion lace ’s er’s ion try
Street Birthp Birth
lace place

39 Morg Head M W 63 Engla Engla Engl Engrave US


an, nd nd and r MIN
Geor T
ge T

-, Wife F W 57 Engla Engla Engl None


Alice nd nd and

-, Son M W 33 Penns Engla Engl Chemist US


Leon ylvani nd and MIN
ard P a T

-, Daug F W 36 Engla Engla Engl None


Phyll hter nd nd and
is M

-, Daug F W 24 Penns Engla Engl None


Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 70

Beatr hter ylvani nd and


ice P a

Bourt Serva F B 17 Penns Penns Penn Servant –


on, nt ylvani ylvani sylva Famil
Berth a a nia y
aS

Citation:
United States Census Bureau “1910 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry.com Operations
Inc., 2006.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 71

Document AI.

Article that discusses George T. Morgan’s work in the Civil Service Retirement Association, The
Washington Times

Analysis:
This is a newspaper clipping that shows a slight bias towards the beliefs of George T.
Morgan and what the Civil Service Retirement Association campaigned for. The author is
unknown but is from Philadelphia, but their purpose for the article was to bring attention to the
campaign that was happening, and give it a positive connotation.
It also shows us that Morgan was vocal and a leader, and he was able to bring people
together over a common issue. This was during the peak of big corporations and monopolies
when they decided to have retirement systems, while the federal government lacked one. The
audience is for the general public of Philadelphia, but it was for anyone that was on the fence
regarding this problem.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 19 Jan 1912, Page 8.” Newspapers.com, 19 Jan. 1912,
www.newspapers.com/image/168413363/?terms=George%20T%20Morgan&match=1.
Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 72

Document AJ.

Article that shows that George T. Morgan was from the U.S. Mint and was president of the Civil
Service Retirement Association, The Washington Times

Transcription:
Announcement was made today of the complete personnel of the general committee that
will attend the national conventions at Chicago and Baltimore to present and work for a platform
declaration favoring reforms in the civil service. [sic] higher wages, a proper retiring plan, etc.
As now completed, the committee represents the entire service, with, it is said, over 350,000
voters.

George T. Morgan, mint service, Philadelphia, president, Philadelphia branch, United
States Civil Service Retirement Association.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 73

Analysis:
This is a news article from Washington that describes the magnitude of the Civil Service
Retirement Association. It was written for the general public and remains unbiased, and just
presents the reader with the basic facts. This article stands out from the other CSRA articles
because this is the article that confirmed that it was the U.S. Mint engraver George T. Morgan
who was president of the Philadelphia branch, which was not confirmed in the other articles.
This was key to understanding his role in the movement and how passionate he was, despite him
not being the main focus of the Article.
The article mostly focuses on the National Conventions at Chicago and Baltimore, which
shows that the movement had gained momentum and was making national progress. This further
proves how responsible George was when it came to important matters, and he was able to
handle the pressure of such an important leadership position.

Citation:
“The Washington Times 21 May 1912, Page 11.” Newspapers.com, 21 May 1912,
www.newspapers.com/image/79930429/?terms=secret&match=1. Accessed 24 Feb.
2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 74

Document AK.

George Morgan in the CSRA, The Philadelphia Inquirer

Transcript:
PENROSE FAVORS CIVIL PENSIONS
——————————
Nation Should Care for Old Employes [sic] Declares the Senator
——————
Principal Speaker at Dinner of Civil Service Reform and Service Annuities Body
——————
Senator Boies Penrose placed himself squarely on record last evening and emphatically in
favor of government pensions for all superannuated and disabled employes [sic] of the Federal
service. The Senator was the chief speaker at a banquet tendered to him and Congressmen
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 75

Thomas L. Reilly, of Connecticut and James A. Hamill, of New Jersey, b y the United States
Civil Service Reform and Service Annuities Association, in appreciation of their interest in the
government employes [sic].
In his address the Senator declared that Congress could no longer postpone consideration
of the care of the men and women who have grown old in the service of the Nation, and
predicted that it would be but a matter of a short time before the United States would place itself
in the class with the great countries of Europe in this direction.
He called attention to the provisions which are made by the large corporations of the
country, and likewise stated that experience had shown that in all instances in which pension
systems have been created it had been found that the service was greatly improved.
More than 800 members of the association attended the dinner. George T. Morgan,
president of the organization, was the toastmaster, and prior to presenting the several speakers
stated that despite the public demand for a pension system for employes [sic], Congress has
failed so far to make any provisions of the kind. He called attention to the pensions for the Army
and Navy, the revenue cutter service and also for the justices of the Supreme Court, but said that
these were the only provisions made by the United States.

Analysis:
This source is an article discussing the issue of civil service pension. The article displays
the angle and position of the Senator and Congressman in charge of the bill; their position is
juxtaposed by George T. Morgan—the president of the Civil Service Reform Committee—who
argues that Congress and the Senator have made little to no effort to actually make reforms and
give justice. There is likely a slight bias in Morgan’s direction, as he is speaking on behalf of the
people, which might gain the paper’s favor.
This source gives great information on the care Morgan had for fellow civil service
workers. Even in his older years, he did not stop fighting for justice and reform for those around
him, though it also included himself. This source was used when discussing his work outside the
Mint and his high level position in multiple organizations, in this case being the president of the
Civil Service Reform Committee.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 08 Dec 1912, Page 10.” Newspapers.com, 8 Dec. 1912,
www.newspapers.com/image/168544916/. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 76

Document AL.

Woodrow Wilson’s document appointing George Morgan as chief engraver, 1917

Citation:
“U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918.” Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2005.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 77

Document AM.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 78

Artists Protest Heroes’ Medals from the Evening Public Ledger


ARTISTS PROTEST HEROES’ MEDALS

National Sculpture Society Criticizes Distinguished Service Badges

COMPLAINT TO BAKER

The United States Mint of Philadelphia and the War Department have come in for
scathing criticism by the National Sculpture Society because of the alleged inartistic and
inappropriate character of the distinguished service crosses and medals produced by the mint by
order and approval of the War Department.
The society’s wrath has reached such a pitch that Paul W. Bartlett, New York, president
of the society, has telegraphed an official protest to Secretary of War Baker.
The gist and consensus of opinion of the sculptors is that it is a shame and a disgrace for
the United States to decorate its heroes with such chromos of their art as have been produced and
sent abroad.
The subject of the design of the crosses is an eagle imposed on a cross garlanded with
oak leaves.
George T. Morgan, chief engineer of the engraving department at the mint, and his
assistant, John R. Sinnock, were frank today to admit that the crosses are not what they should
be, but they disclaimed responsibility.
First Examples Rejected
Two batches of crosses have been made. The first was rejected. Morgan said the first set
was made from four sketches hurriedly prepared by Captain Aniyar Embury, of the United States
Engineers’ Camouflage Department, who had to speed away to France. He rejected the finished
medal and sent back another sketch, from which the second batch was made.
Mr. Bartlett’s formal protest follows a meeting of the Sculpture Society in New York, at
which many members showed themselves artists in the use of invective. They received reports
that

Continued on Page Two, Column Four


[Next Page]
U.S. WAR MEDALS ARE CRITICIZED
These distinguished service crosses and medal, [sic] intended for American war heroes at
the front, have been scorchingly condemned by the National Sculpture Society as inartistic
and meaningless. The cross for ealor [sic] at the left was the first made by director of the
mint here, George P. [sic] Morgan, from the sketch of Captain Amor Embrie, of the
Engineering corps. It was later replaced by the cross in the center. The medal at the right is
for distinguished service [sic]

ARTISTS CONDEMN MEDAL DESIGNS FOR REWARD OF WAR BRAVERY

Continued from Page One


many of the soldiers abroad who had seen the medals were disgusted with them because of their
asserted cruidity and lack of meaning.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 79

One sculptor, criticizing the oak-leaf effect, said even mint or tobacco leaves would have
been more appropriate if the metal designer were determined to have shrubbery of some sort.
Another said, “For an archbishop did have much artistic taste ; but for a soldier-never!”
National Disgrace, Says Secretary
“It amounts to a national disgrace,” declared Augustus Likeman, secretary of the National
Sculpture Society

Citation:
“Evening Public Ledger 10 Jun 1918, Page 1.” Newspapers.com, 10 June 1918,
www.newspapers.com/image/164084230/?terms=. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 80

Document AN.

The Obituary of George T. Morgan from The Philadelphia Inquirer, 06 Jan. 1925

Analysis:
This document is an obituary for George T. Morgan posted on January 5th, 1925 in the
Delaware Country Daily Times. This is an extremely brief obituary meant to educate the public
on the sudden death of George T. Morgan. The author briefly mentions Morgan’s employment
and the situation surrounding his death.
This document gives great insight into Morgan’s death, stating that it was sudden and
unexpected. It also confirms information from our interview with one of Morgan’s descendants,
Alex Doty, that C. M. Graham had married Morgan’s daughter, this helps to confirm our family
tree.

Citation:
“The Philadelphia Inquirer 06 Jan 1925, Page 20.” Newspapers.com, 6 Jan. 1925,
www.newspapers.com/image/171065559/?terms=engraver%20for%20the%20united%20
states%20mint&match=1. Accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 81

☑✔✔Document AO.

George T. Morgan Burial Record, 1925

Transcript
Burial
Date [1925] Christian Name Surname Age Place of Burial
... ... ... ... ...
Jan. 4 George T. Morgan 79 Woodlands
Analysis:
This is the burial record of George T. Morgan. This record lists his death date, age, name,
and burial place.
This record confirmed the data we gathered about George Morgan and helped to confirm
we have been doing the correct individual work during this project, by giving us the necessary
information.

Citation:
“Pennsylvania, U.S., Death Certificates, 1906-1970 for George Thomas Morgan.” Ancestry.com
Operations Inc., 2014.
Chen, Chernyak, Cheung, Elabd, Jha 82

Document AP.

Certified Copy of an Entry of Birth of a Birth certificate, reproduced in 2012

Transcript:
Name
surname
and
When and Name and maiden
Where Name, if surname of name of Occupatio When
Born any Sex father mother n of Father ... Registered
Twenty
Fourth of
November Mary Twenty-Se
1845 at Maria cond of
Stafford Richard Morgan [indeciphe December
Bilston George Boy Morgan Jenks rable] ... 1845

Citation:
“London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923.” Ancestry.com
Operations Inc., 2010.

You might also like