Université de Lille, France

Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules

Équipe Chaos Quantique

20 years of experiments with the atomic kicked rotor!

Weak localization and symmetries in a Floquet system

Engineering Hamiltonians and symmetries

Jean-Claude Garreau

School on Anderson Localization: landscape theory, experiments

with ultracold atoms – October 9th, 2020
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 Université de Lille, France
Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules
Équipe Chaos Quantique

Lille Paris Toulouse

Samir Zemmouri Nicolas Cherroret Gabriel Lemarié
Clément Hainaut Dominique Delande
Isam Manai

Jean-François Clément
Radu Chicireanu
Pascal Szriftgiser
Stephan De Bièvre
JCG

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The kicked rotor

The kicked rotor:

A paradigm of classical and quantum chaos

3/29
The kicked rotor

Kick

Free
q motion

4/29
Kicked rotor: Classical dynamics

5/29
B. V. Chirikov, A universal instability of many-dimensional oscillator systems, Phys. Rep. 52, 263--379 (1979)
Kicked rotor: Quantum dynamics

Classical diffusion

Dynamical (strong) localization

m odel
-ra ndom
p se udo
nd e rson
nto an A
e d o
m app
n ca n be
loca lizatio
i ca l
Dy nam

G. Casati et al., Stochastic behavior of a quantum pendulum under periodic perturbation in Stochastic Behavior in Classical and
Quantum Systems, Lect. Notes Phys. 93, 334 (1979)
6/29
S. Fishman et al., Chaos, Quantum Recurrences, and Anderson Localization, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 509--512 (1982)
From the QKR to the Anderson model

Floquet system (periodic in time)

Factorizable due to the delta-function

QpKR Lorentzian
Periodic in space
102

101

100 -5 … -1 0 1 … 5

10-1

10-2

0 50 100 150 200

𝑛
hopping on-site energy

7/29
S. Fishman et al., Chaos, Quantum Recurrences, and Anderson Localization, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 509--512 (1982)
The kicked rotor

The atomic kicked rotor

8/29
The optical potential

Atom-laser interaction

CM degree of freedom

The optical potential

(Almost) conservative if

Standing wave:

9/29
The “unfolded” kicked rotor

Free motion Kick

10/29
F. L. Moore et al., Atom optics realization of the quantum d-kicked rotator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4598 (1995)
Doing it with cold atoms

11/29
Intermède

Intermède:
Two slides on the 2D Anderson Localization
(on the behalf of Dominique Delande)

12/29
Recent results: 2D Anderson localization
Incommensurable with the period

G. Casati et al., Anderson Transition in a One-Dimensional System with Three Incommensurate Frequencies, Phys. Rev. Lett.
62, 345--348 (1989)
I. Manai et al., Experimental observation of two-dimensional Anderson localization with the atomic kicked rotor, submitted to 13/29
Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 240603 (2015)
Exponential increase of the localization length

14/50
Weak localization and symmetries the kicked rotor

Weak localization and symmetries in

the atomic kicked rotor

15/29
Anderson localization as multiple scattering

Anderson QKR

Same final state: interference

Uncorrelated phases:

Neither constructive nor destructive interferences

16/29
Enhanced return to the origin

Time-reversed path
Final states are the same: interference

Time-reversal (T-) symmetry

Constructive interference!

Enhanced return to the origin

~Coherent backscattering (CBS)

17/29
Enhanced return to the origin

Period-2 sequence

C. Tian et al., Ehrenfest time in the weak dynamical localization, Phys. Rev. B 72, 045108 (2005) 18/29
C. Hainaut et al., Return to the Origin as a Probe of Atomic Phase Coherence, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 184101 (2017)
Kicked rotor dynamics and symmetries

T-symmetry:

og onal
Orth

TRS ® “Orthogonal” universality class

TRS ® “Unitary” universality class

19/29
Breaking time-reversal symmetry

Can we break T-symmetry?

Period-2 won’t do!

20/29
Breaking time-reversal symmetry
Break time-reversal symmetry with period-3 sequences!

b roken!
sym metry
r sa l
i m e-reve
ti ca l! T
d en
Not i

21/29
Controlled symmetry breaking

Breaking symmetry in a controlled way

Shift the phase of the sinusoidal modulation

e a k i ng!
e tr y br
sym m
trol s
e f con
Phas

22/29
PT-invariant case

PT-symmetric, period-10 kick sequence

6 [10]

og onal 0 [10]
Orth

CBS
kick 16 = 6 [10]

“CBS” peaks at kicks : Orthogonal class

Other peaks appear at the period of the system! 23/29
PT symmetry breaking

0 [10]

ry
Unita

• No CFS peaks at kicks . Symmetry broken: Unitary class

• Peaks at kicks survive!

24/29
Where do these red peaks come from?

More complex paths!

Total phase is the same: Insensitive to TRS!

Coherent forward scattering

T. Karpiuk, N. Cherroret, K. L. Lee, B. Grémaud, C. A. Müller and C. Miniatura,

Coherent Forward Scattering Peak Induced by Anderson Localization Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 190601 (2012)

25/29
1D scaling function

E. Abrahams
E. Abrahams et al.,etScaling
al., Scaling Theory ofAbsence
Theory of Localization: Localization:
of QuantumAbsence
Diffusion inof Quantum
Two Dimensions,Diffusion in Two
Phys. Rev. Lett. Dimensions
42, 673--676 (1979) ,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 673--676 (1979)

Orthogonal

Unitary
Weak localization

N. Cherroret et al., How Nonlinear Interactions Challenge the Three-Dimensional Anderson Transition, 26/29
C. et alLett.
TianRev.
Phys. ., Ehrenfest time in(2014)
112, 170603 the weak dynamical localization, Phys. Rev. B 72, 045108 (2005)
Measurement of the b(G) scaling function

Different sets of parameters:

Universality

C. Hainaut et al., Controlling symmetry and localization with an artificial gauge field in a disordered quantum system, 27/29
Nat. Commun. 9, 1382 (2018)
Conclusion and perspectives

§ The kicked rotor is an excellent system to study interference, symmetries,

quantum transport…
• Symplectic universality class (“orthogonal”+spin)
R. Scharf, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 22, 4223–4242 (1989)

• Integer quantum Hall effect (“unitary”+spin)

J. P. Dahlhaus et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 115133 (2011)
Y. Chen and C. Tian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 216802 (2014)

§ Floquet topological insulators

• Spin-orbit coupled kicked rotor + engineered Hamiltonians
N. H. Lindner, G. Refael and V. Galitski, Nat. Phys. 7, 490--495 (2016)

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Perspectives

§ Adding atom-atom interactions: K-BEC project

• Effects of the interactions on Anderson localization/transition

D. L. Shepelyansky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1787--1790 (1993)
N. Cherroret, B. Vermersch, J. C. Garreau and D. Delande, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 170603 (2014)
S. Lellouch, A. Rancon, S. De Bièvre, D. Delande and J. C. Garreau, Phys. Rev. A 101, 043624 (2020)

• Fractional quantum Hall effect in the kicked rotor with interactions

§ Many-body localization in a Floquet system: Manylok project

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Sponsors

The end

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Sponsors

The end

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