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BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

LESSON 1: THE ROLE

- Some business organizations are formed to earn
income for owners.

OF BUSINESS IN SOCIAL - Other business organizations, called nonprofits, are

formed for public purposes.

AND ECONOMIC - Has a common goal

THE PURPOSE OF ESTABLISHING

DEVELOPMENT BUSINESS
Ethics 1. Profit generation/maximization
- moral philosophy, concern with what morally good or 2. Creation of employment
bad, what is morally right and wrong. How people 3. Provision of goods and services – improve living
should not behave in general cases or issues. 4. For prestige/enhancing own image – for
satisfaction
Business Ethics FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
- doing what is best in stake holders and shareholders.
1. Single or Sole Proprietorship Business
 stakeholders - more on external environment;
2. Partnership
your customer, supplier
3. Corporation
 shareholders - more on internal environment
4. Cooperative

Social Responsibility SINGLE OR SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP

- focus on environment impact, also knows as corporate
responsibility. A company should play a role.
THE NATURE OF BUSINESS
Business
Merriam-Webster Dictionary gives the following
definitions:
- the activity of making, buying, or selling goods or
providing services in exchange for money;
- Work that is part of a job;
- the amount of activity that is done by a store,
company, factory, etc.
- manufacturing products, trading, commercial;
anything that you do; does not confine to
enterprises/selling
- According to Online Etymology Dictionary, business
comes from the Old English word bisignes which
originally means “care, profession, occupation,
and trade.”
BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
- A business organization is an individual or group of
people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial
goals.
BUSINESS
- Is defined as a business unit where the manager is also
the owner
- Must be registered under the Department of Trade
and Industry and the Bureau of Trade Regulation and
Consumer Protection (BTRCP)
PRINCIPLE OF UNLIMITED PERSONAL LIABILITY
- Means that if company incurs a debt or suffers
catastrophe the owner is personally liable.
- Full legal responsibility of the business owner
Partnership
- The law on business partnership in the Philippines can
be found in Republic Act No. 386, also known as the
Civil Code of 1949.
- Article 1767 of the Civil Code says that the contract of
partnership happens when “two or more persons bind
themselves to contribute money, property, or industry
to a common fund with the intention of dividing the
profits among themselves”.
- It is also stipulated in the same article of the Philippine
Civil Code that “two or more persons may also form a
partnership for the exercise of a profession”.
- To assure its lawfulness, Partnership as a form of
business organization with a capital of P3,000.00 or
more, must be listed under the Securities Exchange
Commission (SEC).

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
TWO TYPES OF PARTNERSHIP
General Partnership
- Actively manage
- Unlimited liability is applicable
Limited Partnership
- Does not manage the business and only contributes to
capital
JUDICIAL PERSONALITY
- A business considered as judicial person that has a
separate and distinct from that each of the partners
- As regards the sharing of profits and losses, Article
1797 provides the general rule that must be applied.
The losses and profits shall be distributed in
conformity-with-the-agreement:
MUTUAL AGENCY
- Partners, being co-owners of the business, can
perform acts for the partnership even without asking
permission from other partners. Mutual agency means
that the acts of a partner are binding on a partnership
even though he or she has no authority to do as long
as the act concerns the normal business operations of
A business partnership agreement is a document that
establishes clear business operation rules and delineates
each partner’s role. These agreements are enacted to
resolve disputes, delineate responsibilities, and define
how to allocate profits and losses.
THINGS EVERY PARTNERSHIP
AGREEMENT NEEDS:
 Percentage of Ownership
 Allocation of profits and losses
 Who can bind the partnership?
 Making decisions
 Dispute resolution
 Critical development
 Dissolution
Corporation
- The law on corporation can be found in Batas
Pambansa Bilang 68 otherwise known as The
Corporation Code of the Philippines.
- is defined as “artificial being created by operation of
law, having the right succession and the powers,
attributes, and properties expressly authorized by law
or incident to its existence”.
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- Required to be registered under the SEC where it also
files its articles of incorporation.
- The separate existence or juridical personality of a
corporation formally begins on the very date that the
SEC releases a certificate of incorporation
Cooperative
- R. A. 6938 also known as “An Act to Ordain a
Cooperative Code of the Philippines “, promulgated in
1990. This law was amended and at present R. A.
9520. otherwise known as The Philippine Cooperative
Code of 2008, governs the provisions on the nature,
principles, operation and other rules on cooperatives
- In this law a cooperative as business organization
defined as an autonomous and duly registered
association of persons with a common bond of
interest, who have voluntarily joined together to
achieve their social, economic, and cultural needs and
aspirations by making equitable contributions to the
capital required, patronizing their products and
services and accepting a fair share of the risks and
benefits of the undertaking in accordance with
universally accepted cooperatives principles”.
Business Organization Contributing in the Socioeconomic
Development
- Employs the various resources present in the economy
- Entrepreneurs need manpower for their business
operations.
- It is said that business is the backbone of the
economy.
- Ability to innovate goods and services.
- The ability to gain international popularity and
prestige for their country.
- The willingness to take risks, risks that society will
otherwise be hesitant to take
- Although a lot of people don’t recognize it, business
also profoundly inspire budding potential
businessmen.
Organization in the Socioeconomic Development
- Promotes self-help and employment
- Mobilize capital
- Provides taxes to economy
- Empowers individual
- Enhances national identity and pride

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
LESSON 2: Ethical
Principles in
Business
Ethics
- is derived from the Greek word “ethos”, which
means “way of living”, ethics is a branch of
philosophy that is concerned with human
conduct, more specifically the behavior of
individuals in society.
Business Ethics
- are the application of general ethical rules to
business behavior. Business ethics are rules of
business by which propriety of business activity
may be judged.
THE 3 C'S OF BUSINESS ETHICS ARE:
1. Compliance of laws, principles of morality & policies
of the company.
- Legal responsibilities of the business mandated by
the government
2. Contribution to society in terms of Quality of
products / services, employment, etc.
- Social responsibilities of the business; concerned
for the well-being of society and promoting
societal development; positive impacts of the
business towards society
3. Consequence of business activity towards
environment, social responsibility towards
shareholders, bankers, customers, employees and
good public image.
- Impact of the business — can be positive of
negative
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES FOR BUSINESS
1. HONESTY. Be honest in all communications and
actions.
2. INTEGRITY. Maintain personal integrity
3. PROMISE-KEEPING. Keep promises and fulfill
commitments.
4. LOYALTY. Be loyal within the framework of other
ethical principles.
5. FAIRNESS, strive to be fair and just in all dealings.
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6. CARING. Demonstrate compassion and a genuine
concern for the well-being of others.
7. RESPECT FOR OTHERS. Treat everyone with
respect.
8. LAW ABIDING. Obey the law.
9. COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE. Pursue
excellence all the time in all things.
10. LEADERSHIP. Exemplify honor and ethics.
11. REPUTATION AND MORALE.
12. ACCOUNTABILITY. Be accountable.
COMMON PRACTICES IN BUSINESS
A. Decorum
- The concept of decorum is also applied to prescribed
social behavior limits of appropriate within set
situations.
- It is a dignified propriety of behavior, speech, dress,
etc.
- It is synonymous to politeness, manners, dignity and
etiquette.
- *proper behavior in certain situations, concerned with
etiquette and manner, acting professionally
B. Protocol
- A system of rules that explain the correct conduct and
procedures to be followed in formal situations.
- *more specific for formal situations
C. POLICIES
- company policy is a guideline and rulebook for
employers to establish normal expectations and
standards employee health and safety, accountability,
best practices and processes within a company.
- *in general and applicable to all
D. DOCUMENTATIONS
- Business documents are files off various types that
record various details regarding an organization's
internal and external dealings. They're usually
essential for a company's management, as they
provide the information needed to properly run it as
well as details of various transactions with other
parties.
- *confidential information
UNACCEPTABLE PRACTICES
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BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
1. Bribery
 Commercial Bribery (kickback) – involves LESSON 3: CORPORATE
employees of a company giving an advantage to
another company; information in exchange for CULTURE AND

bribe
Influence trading/ nepotism – accepting an PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
applicant because of his/her connections
CORPORATE
2. Conflict of Interest and Loyalty
 Private Placement – buying and selling of GOVERNANCE
products among other investors outside the
company; insider trading Corporate Culture
- Corporate culture, or company culture, reflects on an
3. Harassment organization's beliefs and behaviors, which affect how
 Example is making derogatory remarks the management, employees, and customers interact.
- *includes ways on how to manage the business,
4. Forced Overtime
general rules and behavior of the company
- Should be indicated in the work contract
- *organizational structure is shown

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CORPORATE

CULTURE

1. Team-oriented Culture
2. Elite Culture
3. Conventional Culture
4. Horizontal Culture
5. Progressive Corporate Culture

Team-oriented Culture
- AKA THE COMRADE — companion
- prioritizes the employees’ happiness
- characterized by regular socializations with
teammates in and outside of work
- *teamwork or collaboration
- *manager is more on participative leadership
collaboration
- *achievement is to be recognized as a team
- *managers value employees, encourages
collaboration and emphasize and reward contribution

Some characteristics of a team-oriented workplace

include:

1. Empathetic management – employees feel

comfortable and free to express opinions and feelings
2. Shared goals – explain reason; to motivate
3. Defined goals – determining and delegating tasks
4. Clear communication – important to establish a
communication system to do more tasks effectively
and efficiently

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
5. Mutual trust and respect
6. Openness to new ideas – open to communication;
motivating employees in expressing ideas
Elite Culture
- AKA THE ATHLETE
- hire only the best qualified individuals and are
expected to lead the way
- employees often prioritize work, expected to lead the
way employees often prioritize work, and are
expected to work long hours
- high inputs of individuals also move up the ranks
quickly
- *flexibility is a must; performance driven culture;
value efficiency and effectiveness
- *thinks outside the box and push boundaries and
commitment to excellence
Conventional Culture
- AKA TRADITIONALISM
- Work in more traditional way
- a dress code is normally employed in companies that
espouse this culture, and clearly defined hierarchies
are employed
- *More on the original culture set-up, defined hierarchy
and order
Horizontal Culture
- AKA THE FREE SPIRIT
- everyone is encouraged to pitch in their ideas and
ideas are discussed openly
- job title is not very important in horizontal cultures
- *has equal authority and is common among start-ups
Progressive Corporate Culture
- AKA ADAPTABLE
- similar to team culture, progressive culture focuses
heavily on people who bring a positive and confident
attitude to the workplace.
- These organizations favor progress, change and
improvement within their company
- *focus on the career and development of employees
Corporate Governance [kor-
p(a-)rat ‘ga-var-nan(t)s]
- The system of rules, practices, and processes by which
a firm is directed and controlled.
4Ps of Corporate Governance
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1. People
2. Process
3. Performance
4. Purpose
Principles of Corporate Governance
I. Fairness
- To corporate governance framework should protect
shareholders’ rights
- To corporate governance framework should ensure
the equitable treatment of all shareholders, including
minority and foreign shareholders. All shareholders
should have the opportunity to obtain effective
redress for violation of their rights
Equality means each individual or group of people is
given the same resources or opportunities.
Equity recognizes that each person has different
circumstances and allocates the exact resources and
opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome.
ll. Transparency
- The corporate governance framework should ensure
that timely and accurate disclosure is made on all
material matters regarding the corporation, including
the financial situation, performance, ownership and
governance of the company
- *clear in profitability, solvency, and liquidity of the
company; obligation to show the financial situation of
the company
III. Accountability
- The corporate governance framework should ensure
the strategic guidance of the company, the effective
monitoring of management by the board, and the
board’s accountability to the company and the
shareholders
IV. Responsibility
- The corporate governance framework should
recognize the rights of stakeholders as established by
law and encourage active co-operation between
corporations and stakeholders in creating wealth,
jobs, and the sustainability of financially sound
enterprises
- *board of directors are given authority to act in behalf
of the company and should accept full responsibility
and power. Needs accountability

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
The corporate governance function must steer the
direction of an organization across a variety of important
dimensions. These dimensions include, but are not limited
to:
1. Enterprise Risk Management
- includes identifying and mitigating strategic,
operational, reputational and even financial risks
within an organization
- *management and controlling
2. Strategic Planning
- all about identifying and capturing opportunities today
in order to position for (and to create) enduring
competitive advantages and future value
 Strategic Plan – the art of planning a business
strategy, implementing and executing; essential to
the overall standing of the company
 Tactical planning – plan to a particular
department
3. Account and Disclosure
- the corporate governance function must support
financial recordkeeping, as well as approve public
stakeholder reporting.
- *To record and hold financial statements; helps in the
decision making of the company
4. Talent Management
- requires that leaders understand how to attract, retain
and improve human resources within the
organization. This area is often referred to as Human
Capital/Resource Management (or HCM/HRM)
- *staffing functions of the management; putting the
right person for the right job
- *involves the hiring, recruitment and selection
process, exercise ethical standards and must be fair in
hiring potential candidates
 Talent – most valuable asset of a company
5. Succession Planning
- effectively talent management but with the intention
of “future-proofing,” particularly at the leadership
levels. This helps to ensure that a strong leadership
“pipeline” exists within the organization
- to be clear on who will succeed in-case of unexpected
events
WHAT IS STEWARDSHIP IN BUSINESS?
- All types of businesses engage in activities that have
environmental consequences. Stewardship refers to
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the responsibility that companies have to understand
and manage their impacts on the environment in any
number of ways. Practicing stewardship can help a
business find sustainable practices, improve its
reputation among consumers and even save money.
APPLICATION OF CORE PRINCIPLES OF
GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN
POLICIES OF A BUSINESS
ORGANIZATION
1. Employee conduct (Accountability)
2. Equal Opportunity (Fairness)
3. Attendance and Time Off (Accountability, Fairness)
4. Computer Use (Transparency, Accountability)
5. Noncompetion (Fairness)
6. Finance and Accounting (Transparency)
CODE OF ETHICS
- sets the company’s mission, values, ethos, objectives,
and responsibilities to guide employees on how to
deal with different scenarios in the workplace
CODE OF ETHICS (CODE OF CONDUCT)
A. Key elements of a code of conduct
1. Introduction – an introductory from the CEO or
leader define the importance of compliance
2. Mission, Vision, Goals and Principles – a brief
mission, vision, goals and principles reflects the
commitment of what is important to the
organization
3. A Framework to assist employees in making the
right choice
4. For topics not covered by the rules, further
suggestions are recommended by the Code
5. Set up clear whistle-blowing policies to reassure
everyone that the company will protect what is
right and just.
6. List available resources for guidance and
assurance of confidentiality and nonretaliation.
7. Revision
B. IMPLEMENTATION
C. REQUIRES TRAINING
D. ENFORCEMENT
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BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

LESSON 4: Social
C. Warranty of Fitness
- The performance and function of the product
- Should indicate the specifications and the purpose
Responsibility and of the product

Ethics in Marketing Ethics in pricing

- Pricing is a critical element in marketing which
produces revenues. It communicates to the market
the company’s intended value propositioning of its
Ethical Marketing product
- A strategy where businesses commit to open, There are four major areas of unethical pricing practice.
transparent, responsible and fair practices and
communicate these values to their target market 1. Price Discrimination
 Marketing – the task of creating, promoting and - occurs when a company sells a product at 2 or more
delivering goods and services to consumers and prices that do not reflect a proportional-differences in
businesses costs but becomes unethical when sellers offers
different price terms to different people within the
Common Unethical Practices same group
1. Duplication of original brands
 Counterfeit – using substandard materials and selling 2. Predatory Pricing
it using the brand’s name; unlawful - selling below the cost having the intention to destroy
 Replica – copying or replicating a product but not competition
exactly the same; similar but different brand
2. Inadequacy of warranty offering 3. Deceptive Pricing
- Deceive customers to show them wrong pictures
3. Poor quality products
about prices by
4. Unsafe products
a. Low price offers
5. Unauthorized manufacturing of hazardous products
b. Inflated price
6. Products which are not bio-degradable leading to
- to deceive customers by showing the wrong picture or
environmental pollution
information to convince
7. Discrimination in pricing
- hidden charges
8. Differentiation in prices
9. Excessive mark up in prices Plated Pricing
10. Misleading/ deceptive advertisement - to keep up with the demand
11. False promises
12. Lower the dignity of women 4. Price Fixation
13. No fairness, transparency in relation with suppliers - price is fixed at certain levels either by:
and retailers  Horizontal Pricing - artificial price at high levels; A
14. Artificial scarcity type of price fixation occurs between or among
manufacturers
TYPES OF WARRANTY  Vertical Pricing - agreement between the
manufacturer and intermediaries. Products will be
A. Express Warranty sold at the manufacturer’s suggested price and will
- Can be written of verbal not be discounted by the retailer or wholesaler
- Seller statement
1st Degree Pricing: Personalized Pricing
B. Implied Warranty - perfect price discrimination
- Mandated by the law - depends on the purchasing power of the customer
- Both the positive and negative effects of the - involves selling a product at the exact price that each
product should be listed customer is willing to pay

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
2nd Degree Pricing: Product Versioning
- prices vary according to the quantity demanded
3rd Degree Pricing: Group Pricing
- depends on the market segment
Finance
- all about money
Unethical Practices in Finance
1. Deception
- most common unethical practice by strengthening the
return and minimizing the weakness and risk factors.
- deceiving the public by making deceiving statements
(ex. Tax free, 0% interest, etc.)
- they make the public unable to make rational choices
among so many alternatives
- principles of corporate governance should be applied
- anything that is not true
2. Inappropriate and excessive trading
- when a broker keeps an intention is to generate
commission instead of benefits to client in the
standing of having control over the clients account
 Broker – controls the account of a client
(investor)
- Executing trades for an investment account
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6. Asset Misappropriation
- when funds of an organization are used for things that
are not related to the organization
7. Fraudulent Disbursement
- occurs when an employee uses their position to make
payment for an inappropriate purpose
VOCABULARY
 Customer Shifting – customers abandoning a
product or service in favor of a competitor
 Customer Lifetime Value – the total amount of
money a customer is expected to spend with your
business during the lifetime of an average business
relationship
 Customer Retention - company's ability to turn
customers into repeat buyers and prevent them from
switching to a competitor
 Brand Value - the financial worth of the brand
 Brand Positioning - the unique value that a brand
presents to its customer
 Republic Act No. 6969 of the Philippines - It is also
known as the "Toxic Substances and Hazardous and
Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990".

3. Fraud and manipulation

- By law, all the participants in the financial markets are
the same
- Buying and selling securities to misguide investors
 Fraud – Failing to report proper information to
manipulate investors
- Investors have to rely on information available to
them which is hard to verify

4. Unequal Bargaining Power

- The principle of equal bargaining power that all parties
have relatively equal bargaining power.
- Fairness should be exercised

5. Insider Trading
- The act of buying/selling a company’s stock based on
inside information about the company.
- It is illegal as well as unethical
- buying securities inside the company as a
representative of a competing company
- selling to a competitor
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BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

LESSON 5: Normative
- Socratic method can be used in generating ideas, debt
discussion and develop critical thinking, logic and

Ethics and Classical reasoning

Steps in Socratic method

Philosophies Step 1: Awareness – need to be aware of the business
Normative Ethics environment, help to generate ideas
- Focus on the study of ethical action on what is morally
right and wrong
Plato
- Plato was a student of Socrates before forming the
THREE DISTINCT NORMATIVE ETHICS Academy, his own school.
- He believes that education teaches the appropriate
THEORY virtues, produces the ideal government, and brings
forth morality.
Virtue Ethics - The truth, the beauty and the good
- focuses on desirable characteristics that a virtuous - Athenian Philosopher in Ancient Greek
person should embody  Conscious Capitalism – seek the benefit both
- Character based ethics humans and the environment; has impact on all
- Provides guidance on character and behavior stakeholders
 Beauty – in business, it is improving life, making
Deontological Ethics products better
 Deon – Greek for duty

-
Logos – Greek for study
emphasizes on adhering to ethical principles or duties
Aristotle
- Aristotle was a student of Plato who, after leaving the
and obedience to some higher moral absolute
Academy at Plato’s death, founded his own school,
- Duty studies, specific foundation of duty and
the Lyceum
obligation
- Tutor of Alexander the great
- He recognized the importance of pleasure and pain in
Consequentialism human motivation, Aristotle advocated a “golden
- bases the morality of action upon the consequences
mean” between the extremes of human activity.
of the outcome
- Consequality ethics Aristotle’s Concept of Golden Mean
- If the positive consequence is bigger than the Deficiency (-) BALANCE Excess (+)
negative, then it is morally right Cowardice COURAGE Rashness
Stinginess/miserliness GENEROSITY Extravagance
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHIES Sloth AMBITION Greed
Humility MODESTY Price
Secrecy HONESTY Loquacity
Socrates (470 - 399 B.C.) Moroseness GOOD HUMOR Absurdity
- “The unexamined life is not worth living.” Quarrelsomeness FRIENDSHIP Flattery
 Socratic Method: questions to find out how to act by Self-Indulgence TEMPERANCE Insensibility
learning the essence of a thing—what makes it be, for Apathy COMPOSURE Irritability
example, an act of holiness or justice indecisiveness SELF CONTROL impulsiveness
- Socrates believed that philosophy should achieve
practical results for the greater good of society.
- Dialectic method compels the audience to think Confucius
through a problem to a logical conclusion - A Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher
of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
- The philosophy of Confucius emphasized personal and
governmental morality, correctness of social
relationships, justice and sincerity.
Ethical Subjectivism- claims that moral truths are
based on the mental states of individual groups or people
Cultural Relativism- is the idea that a person's beliefs
and practices should be understood based on that
person's own culture
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LESSON 6: THE
FILIPINO VALUE
SYSTEM
POSITIVE TRAITS
Bayanihan System or spirit of
kinship and camaraderie
- A Filipino community spirit and cooperation wherein a
group of individuals extends a helping hand without
expecting any remuneration. It is characterized by
communal work towards one goal exemplified in
carrying a nipa house of pushing a passenger jeepney
Damayan System
- Sympathy for people who lost their love ones. In case
of death of a certain member of the community, the
whole community sympathizes with the bereaved
family. Neighbors, friends and relatives of the
deceased usually give certain amount of money as
their way of showing sympathy
Familism or close family relations
- A Filipino trait of giving highest importance to family
above other things. A trait wherein family members
should be taken care and supported regardless of
whether he/she did something wrong, a family
member must be given attention and should not be
abandoned
Fun-loving trait
- Found in most Filipinos, a trait that makes them
unique that even in time of calamities and other
challenges in life, they always have something to be
happy about, a reason to celebrate
Hospitality
- A Filipino trait of being receptive and generous to
guests
Compassionate
- A Filipino trait of being sympathetic to other even if
the person is a stranger. An example of this is giving
alms to beggar. This is observed when we hear

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Filipinos saying “kawawa naman or nakakaawa
naman”
Flexible or magaling makabagay
- The ability of Filipinos to ride on or adjust to the
norms of other groups just to attain smooth and
harmonious relationship
- Example: OFW
Religious
- Most Filipinos possess strong conformance of their
religious belief in action and in words
Respect to elders
- A Filipino trait of being courteous both in words and in
actions to the people of older people
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Mañ ana habit
- Delaying or setting aside a certain task assigned on the
next day although it can be done today
Ningas-cogon
- being enthusiastic only during the start of new
undertaking but ends dismally in accomplishing
nothing. A common practice observed in some
politicians who are visible only during the start of
certain endeavor.
Oversensitive
- Filipinos have the tendency to be irritated easily or
hurt upon hearing some criticisms or comment.
Lack of sportsmanship
- not accepting defeat in competitions but rather

NEGATIVE TRAITS putting the blame either to their opponents or to the

sport officials.

Bahala na Attitude
- A Filipino trait characterized by retreating or
withdrawal from certain undertaking and leaving
everything to God to interfere and determine the
outcome of his deeds

Colonial Complex or Blue-seal

mentality
- A Filipino value of showing high admiration and
preference to foreign produced goods over local ones.

Crab Mentality
- A Filipino attitude characterized by an attempt to “pull
down” someone who has achieved success beyond
the others. This is done out of jealousy and insecurity

Jackpot Mentality
- A “get rich quick” mentality of some Filipinos who
would rather engage in fast ways of acquiring money
than through hard work and sacrifice by getting in
lottery, joining raffle draws and other

Kapalaran Values
- A Filipino trait of accepting his/her date by believing
that everything is written in his palm. Such traits
contribute to lack of initiative and perseverance
among Filipinos