Are you struggling with writing your Rain Attenuation Thesis? You're not alone.

Crafting a thesis on
such a complex and technical topic can be incredibly challenging. From gathering data to conducting
analysis and presenting your findings, there are numerous hurdles along the way.

Writing a thesis requires not only deep knowledge of the subject matter but also strong research and
writing skills. It's a time-consuming and demanding process that often leaves students feeling
overwhelmed and stressed.

That's where ⇒ HelpWriting.net ⇔ comes in. We understand the difficulties students face when
tackling their thesis, and we're here to help. Our team of experienced writers specializes in a wide
range of topics, including Rain Attenuation. Whether you need assistance with research, writing, or
editing, we've got you covered.

By ordering from ⇒ HelpWriting.net ⇔, you can alleviate the stress and pressure of writing your
thesis. Our experts will work closely with you to ensure that your paper meets the highest academic
standards and exceeds your expectations. With our help, you can confidently submit a well-written
and thoroughly researched thesis that will impress your professors.

Don't let the challenges of writing a thesis hold you back. Order from ⇒ HelpWriting.net ⇔ today
and take the first step towards academic success.
At this time, the attenuation of raindrops to the horizontally polarized wave is greater than that of the
vertically polarized wave, which also means that at frequencies above 10 GHz, the vertically
polarized wave has better anti-rain attenuation performance than the horizontally polarized wave. In
addition, there is a phenomenon of depolarization in the process of rainfall. In all simulation
scenarios, the mobile terminal will depart the rainy area soon enough and experience lower
attenuation statistics in comparison with the fixed terminal. If there is no guided wave loss, the only
factor that can affect the noise temperature is the attenuation. The provided results will help
determine the overall future system performance, especially in tropical regions. The absorption and
scattering of radio waves in the rain are actually related to the polarized waves of the incident
waves. There is a limit. On the one hand, when the coding rate is reduced to a certain level, if the
coding rate is further reduced, the additional coding gain will be improved very little; on the other
hand, reducing the coding rate will lead to a decrease in the system capacity. Mode, the signal
quality can be changed through fine adjusting the pol. In addition, the scattering effect may also
cause some interference to the radio, resulting in a depolarization effect. The quality of diversity
improvement is mainly measured from two indicators: diversity improvement factor and diversity
gain. Under the joint intervention of the two effects, the satellite radio waves will be attenuated.
Therefore, the shape of the raindrops in the air is slightly flat, and its upper and lower axes will also
have a certain attenuation effect, which is a differential attenuation, but this attenuation does not It
will not have a great impact on the transmission system of single polarization. For the dual
polarization transmission system with cross polarization multiplexing, it needs to improve the system
cross polarization isolation as possible. In addition, the effect of rain fading can also be overcome
through adaptive rate reduction (ARP), which increases channel capacity by reducing the data rate
of the attenuated channel. Make the earth station antenna align to satellite as possible. In the process
of rainfall, the air will have a certain resistance to the rainfall. It is only used to protect the rain from
staying on the surface of panel antenna or feed film so that the rain attenuation can be decreased.
However, at high frequencies, excess rain attenuation causes severe signal losses and presents a
major threat for the system availability, especially in the tropical region. Its principle is based on the
uneven spatial distribution of rainfall, set up earth stations at two locations separated by a certain
distance, and perform diversity reception of signals through two earth stations, which is similar to the
spatial diversity technology of terrestrial cellular mobile communication, and can also be switched
independently. The use of high-frequency bands will be the enabler of this advancement. At the end
of this paper, we analyzed and summarized that the Garcia Model is the best and the most suitable
rain attenuation model for the satellite communication link for Ku band in Malaysia. If the diameter
of the antenna cannot be increased due to constraints, the method of replacing the high-quality LNB,
which can also reduce the cost to a certain extent. See Full PDF Download PDF See Full PDF
Download PDF Related Papers Performance Analysis of Rain Attenuation at Ku-band in Malaysia
Ali M. The coding gain can be improved by reducing the coding rate. To that end, this study presents
the rain attenuation impact on mobile satellite communications estimated using long-term radar
measurements in Malaysia, by exploiting the horizontal structure of rain from the radar database and
simulating inner-city and highway mobile terminals scenarios. As the volume of the raindrop
increases, the diameter of the raindrop in the horizontal direction also increases gradually. It should
be pointed out that the space diversity technology is not limited to two sites, and multiple sites can
be used for simultaneous diversity reception. While space diversity brings benefits, it also comes at a
cost. This paper presents the analysis and discussion in some explanations and graphical presentations.
The comparison between actual propagation measurements and selected rain attenuation model has
been done and graph was plotted accurately using the MATLAB application. Therefore, the shape of
the raindrops in the air is slightly flat, and its upper and lower axes will also have a certain
attenuation effect, which is a differential attenuation, but this attenuation does not It will not have a
great impact on the transmission system of single polarization. Cut-to-noise ratio. In general, when
the antenna elevation angle is relatively low, the rain noise will also increase. In some areas with less
rainfall (such as desert areas), the system availability requirements can be met entirely through link
margins; in high rainfall areas, it is unrealistic to rely entirely on this method. However, in the actual
application process, the method of increasing the diameter of the antenna is preferred. The gain
brought by reducing the rate is proportional to the rate reduction. In comparison to the available link
measurements, the radar database was reliable enough to provide highly accurate estimates. Make
the earth station antenna align to satellite as possible. For parabolic prime focus antenna, users can
addrain-proof equipment between feed system and LNB. Mode, the signal quality can be changed
through fine adjusting the pol. As the volume of the raindrop increases, the diameter of the raindrop
in the horizontal direction also increases gradually. However, it should be noted that although
increasing the antenna aperture will improve the gain and system coverage, the equipment cost will
also increase accordingly. If the rainfall noise is at the input end of the satellite receiving antenna, the
antenna will be affected by thermal noise, thereby improving the satellite’s signal reception process.
At the end of this paper, we analyzed and summarized that the Garcia Model is the best and the
most suitable rain attenuation model for the satellite communication link for Ku band in Malaysia.
For example, a 3dB margin is usually reserved for the C-band satellite communication link, and a
6dB margin is usually reserved for the Ku-band satellite communication link. While space diversity
brings benefits, it also comes at a cost. The cost of network investment has risen sharply, and very
complex network control technology is required. If there is no rain attenuation, the noise temperature
will remain unchanged. This paper presents the analysis and discussion in some explanations and
graphical presentations. It occurs with all types of satellite systems e.g. Geostationary Earth Orbit
(GEO), Medium Earth Orbit, Low Earth Orbit and Global Positioning System. Therefore, it is more
susceptible to signal degradation as the wavelength approaches the size of a typical raindrop. The
most effective solution to decrease rain attenuation of the downlink receive station is using antenna
with larger area, LNB and receiver with higher sensibility etc. With shorter wavelength, there will be
more interaction between the radio wave and water molecules, leading to increased energy losses. In
addition, the antenna aperture will also affect the antenna gain to a certain extent. The case study
was developed for Satellite Communication link by a frequency of 12 GHz Ku Band. In all
simulation scenarios, the mobile terminal will depart the rainy area soon enough and experience lower
attenuation statistics in comparison with the fixed terminal. This disperses the energy of the signal
from its initial travel direction.The accumulation of these different reactions ultimately leads to a
decrease in the level of received signal, thus resulting in rain attenuation. In addition, the effect of
rain fading can also be overcome through adaptive rate reduction (ARP), which increases channel
capacity by reducing the data rate of the attenuated channel. On the basis of comprehensive
consideration of other methods. Of all, the ITU-R model gave the lowest real mean square value of
(2.2) for the three chosen states in Malaysia.
In the process of rainfall, the air will have a certain resistance to the rainfall. For parabolic prime
focus antenna, users can addrain-proof equipment between feed system and LNB. Therefore, it is
necessary to adjust the size of the antenna aperture in a targeted manner according to the actual
situation, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the antenna income. This disperses the energy of
the signal from its initial travel direction.The accumulation of these different reactions ultimately
leads to a decrease in the level of received signal, thus resulting in rain attenuation. The cost of
network investment has risen sharply, and very complex network control technology is required. The
calculate rain attenuation data is used for comparison with rain attenuation models known as Bryant,
Garcia and Crane Global. Its principle is based on the uneven spatial distribution of rainfall, set up
earth stations at two locations separated by a certain distance, and perform diversity reception of
signals through two earth stations, which is similar to the spatial diversity technology of terrestrial
cellular mobile communication, and can also be switched independently. For example, a 3dB margin
is usually reserved for the C-band satellite communication link, and a 6dB margin is usually reserved
for the Ku-band satellite communication link. While space diversity brings benefits, it also comes at
a cost. At the end of this paper, we analyzed and summarized that the Garcia Model is the best and
the most suitable rain attenuation model for the satellite communication link for Ku band in
Malaysia. So that the received signal strength can be strongest. The case study was developed for
Satellite Communication link by a frequency of 12 GHz Ku Band. The absorption and scattering of
radio waves in the rain are actually related to the polarized waves of the incident waves. Attention:
The added rain-proof equipment cannot affect the signal reception. The coding gain can be
improved by reducing the coding rate. Therefore, it is more susceptible to signal degradation as the
wavelength approaches the size of a typical raindrop. To that end, this study presents the rain
attenuation impact on mobile satellite communications estimated using long-term radar
measurements in Malaysia, by exploiting the horizontal structure of rain from the radar database and
simulating inner-city and highway mobile terminals scenarios. It is only used to protect the rain from
staying on the surface of panel antenna or feed film so that the rain attenuation can be decreased.
The gain brought by reducing the rate is proportional to the rate reduction. As the volume of the
raindrop increases, the diameter of the raindrop in the horizontal direction also increases gradually.
For the dual polarization transmission system with cross polarization multiplexing, it needs to
improve the system cross polarization isolation as possible. At this time, the attenuation of raindrops
to the horizontally polarized wave is greater than that of the vertically polarized wave, which also
means that at frequencies above 10 GHz, the vertically polarized wave has better anti-rain
attenuation performance than the horizontally polarized wave. In some areas with less rainfall (such
as desert areas), the system availability requirements can be met entirely through link margins; in high
rainfall areas, it is unrealistic to rely entirely on this method. However, at high frequencies, excess
rain attenuation causes severe signal losses and presents a major threat for the system availability,
especially in the tropical region. The most effective solution to decrease rain attenuation of the
downlink receive station is using antenna with larger area, LNB and receiver with higher sensibility
etc. If the rainfall noise is at the input end of the satellite receiving antenna, the antenna will be
affected by thermal noise, thereby improving the satellite’s signal reception process. Download Free
PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently
unavailable. If there is no guided wave loss, the only factor that can affect the noise temperature is
the attenuation. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please
take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
The calculate rain attenuation data is used for comparison with rain attenuation models known as
Bryant, Garcia and Crane Global. This paper presents the analysis and discussion in some
explanations and graphical presentations. If the rainfall noise is at the input end of the satellite
receiving antenna, the antenna will be affected by thermal noise, thereby improving the satellite’s
signal reception process. The comparison between actual propagation measurements and selected rain
attenuation model has been done and graph was plotted accurately using the MATLAB application.
Single-link communication to earth stations with less rain attenuation. Under the joint intervention of
the two effects, the satellite radio waves will be attenuated. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the
size of the antenna aperture in a targeted manner according to the actual situation, so as to achieve
the purpose of improving the antenna income. On the basis of comprehensive consideration of other
methods. With shorter wavelength, there will be more interaction between the radio wave and water
molecules, leading to increased energy losses. See Full PDF Download PDF See Full PDF
Download PDF Related Papers Performance Analysis of Rain Attenuation at Ku-band in Malaysia
Ali M. In addition, the effect of rain fading can also be overcome through adaptive rate reduction
(ARP), which increases channel capacity by reducing the data rate of the attenuated channel. The
quality of diversity improvement is mainly measured from two indicators: diversity improvement
factor and diversity gain. Attention: The added rain-proof equipment cannot affect the signal
reception. There is a limit. On the one hand, when the coding rate is reduced to a certain level, if the
coding rate is further reduced, the additional coding gain will be improved very little; on the other
hand, reducing the coding rate will lead to a decrease in the system capacity. In comparison to the
available link measurements, the radar database was reliable enough to provide highly accurate
estimates. The provided results will help determine the overall future system performance, especially
in tropical regions. The absorption and scattering of radio waves in the rain are actually related to the
polarized waves of the incident waves. It should be pointed out that the space diversity technology is
not limited to two sites, and multiple sites can be used for simultaneous diversity reception. To that
end, this study presents the rain attenuation impact on mobile satellite communications estimated
using long-term radar measurements in Malaysia, by exploiting the horizontal structure of rain from
the radar database and simulating inner-city and highway mobile terminals scenarios. So that the
received signal strength can be strongest. In addition, the scattering effect may also cause some
interference to the radio, resulting in a depolarization effect. However, it should be noted that
although increasing the antenna aperture will improve the gain and system coverage, the equipment
cost will also increase accordingly. In all simulation scenarios, the mobile terminal will depart the
rainy area soon enough and experience lower attenuation statistics in comparison with the fixed
terminal. If there is no guided wave loss, the only factor that can affect the noise temperature is the
attenuation. Mode, the signal quality can be changed through fine adjusting the pol. You can
download the paper by clicking the button above. Therefore, the shape of the raindrops in the air is
slightly flat, and its upper and lower axes will also have a certain attenuation effect, which is a
differential attenuation, but this attenuation does not It will not have a great impact on the
transmission system of single polarization. Its principle is based on the uneven spatial distribution of
rainfall, set up earth stations at two locations separated by a certain distance, and perform diversity
reception of signals through two earth stations, which is similar to the spatial diversity technology of
terrestrial cellular mobile communication, and can also be switched independently. If there is no rain
attenuation, the noise temperature will remain unchanged.
The calculate rain attenuation data is used for comparison with rain attenuation models known as
Bryant, Garcia and Crane Global. If there is no rain attenuation, the noise temperature will remain
unchanged. For parabolic prime focus antenna, users can addrain-proof equipment between feed
system and LNB. If there is no guided wave loss, the only factor that can affect the noise
temperature is the attenuation. Therefore, it is more susceptible to signal degradation as the
wavelength approaches the size of a typical raindrop. Meanwhile, there are some additional solutions
as below. The reason is that the shorter the path of the radio wave in the rain, the smaller the
attenuation. For example, a 3dB margin is usually reserved for the C-band satellite communication
link, and a 6dB margin is usually reserved for the Ku-band satellite communication link. Attention:
The added rain-proof equipment cannot affect the signal reception. To that end, this study presents
the rain attenuation impact on mobile satellite communications estimated using long-term radar
measurements in Malaysia, by exploiting the horizontal structure of rain from the radar database and
simulating inner-city and highway mobile terminals scenarios. However, it should be noted that
although increasing the antenna aperture will improve the gain and system coverage, the equipment
cost will also increase accordingly. The cost of network investment has risen sharply, and very
complex network control technology is required. See Full PDF Download PDF See Full PDF
Download PDF Related Papers Performance Analysis of Rain Attenuation at Ku-band in Malaysia
Ali M. In comparison to the available link measurements, the radar database was reliable enough to
provide highly accurate estimates. In the process of rainfall, the air will have a certain resistance to
the rainfall. At the end of this paper, we analyzed and summarized that the Garcia Model is the best
and the most suitable rain attenuation model for the satellite communication link for Ku band in
Malaysia. Under the joint intervention of the two effects, the satellite radio waves will be attenuated.
While space diversity brings benefits, it also comes at a cost. This paper presents the analysis and
discussion in some explanations and graphical presentations. On the basis of comprehensive
consideration of other methods. However, at high frequencies, excess rain attenuation causes severe
signal losses and presents a major threat for the system availability, especially in the tropical region.
However, this method will take up too much satellite resources, waste resources when the sky is
clear, and may not be enough when it rains heavily. It occurs with all types of satellite systems e.g.
Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), Medium Earth Orbit, Low Earth Orbit and Global Positioning
System. Additionally, a scaling factor was presented to scale available fixed satellite terminals
measurements to mobile terminals operating at the same locality under similar conditions. The gain
brought by reducing the rate is proportional to the rate reduction. Of all, the ITU-R model gave the
lowest real mean square value of (2.2) for the three chosen states in Malaysia. So that the received
signal strength can be strongest. In some areas with less rainfall (such as desert areas), the system
availability requirements can be met entirely through link margins; in high rainfall areas, it is
unrealistic to rely entirely on this method. The case study was developed for Satellite Communication
link by a frequency of 12 GHz Ku Band.
In addition, the scattering effect may also cause some interference to the radio, resulting in a
depolarization effect. Additionally, a scaling factor was presented to scale available fixed satellite
terminals measurements to mobile terminals operating at the same locality under similar conditions.
At this time, the attenuation of raindrops to the horizontally polarized wave is greater than that of the
vertically polarized wave, which also means that at frequencies above 10 GHz, the vertically
polarized wave has better anti-rain attenuation performance than the horizontally polarized wave. For
example, a 3dB margin is usually reserved for the C-band satellite communication link, and a 6dB
margin is usually reserved for the Ku-band satellite communication link. See Full PDF Download
PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Related Papers Performance Analysis of Rain Attenuation at Ku-
band in Malaysia Ali M. If there is no guided wave loss, the only factor that can affect the noise
temperature is the attenuation. On the basis of comprehensive consideration of other methods. So
that the received signal strength can be strongest. Its principle is based on the uneven spatial
distribution of rainfall, set up earth stations at two locations separated by a certain distance, and
perform diversity reception of signals through two earth stations, which is similar to the spatial
diversity technology of terrestrial cellular mobile communication, and can also be switched
independently. For parabolic prime focus antenna, users can addrain-proof equipment between feed
system and LNB. In the process of rainfall, the air will have a certain resistance to the rainfall.
Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the size of the antenna aperture in a targeted manner according to
the actual situation, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the antenna income. Under the joint
intervention of the two effects, the satellite radio waves will be attenuated. To that end, this study
presents the rain attenuation impact on mobile satellite communications estimated using long-term
radar measurements in Malaysia, by exploiting the horizontal structure of rain from the radar
database and simulating inner-city and highway mobile terminals scenarios. Cut-to-noise ratio. In
general, when the antenna elevation angle is relatively low, the rain noise will also increase. You can
download the paper by clicking the button above. If the diameter of the antenna cannot be increased
due to constraints, the method of replacing the high-quality LNB, which can also reduce the cost to
a certain extent. Mode, the signal quality can be changed through fine adjusting the pol. If the
rainfall noise is at the input end of the satellite receiving antenna, the antenna will be affected by
thermal noise, thereby improving the satellite’s signal reception process. For the dual polarization
transmission system with cross polarization multiplexing, it needs to improve the system cross
polarization isolation as possible. It is only used to protect the rain from staying on the surface of
panel antenna or feed film so that the rain attenuation can be decreased. The most effective solution
to decrease rain attenuation of the downlink receive station is using antenna with larger area, LNB
and receiver with higher sensibility etc. Make the earth station antenna align to satellite as possible.
The effect of diversity improvement increases with the increase of the distance between two stations.
In comparison to the available link measurements, the radar database was reliable enough to provide
highly accurate estimates. There is a limit. On the one hand, when the coding rate is reduced to a
certain level, if the coding rate is further reduced, the additional coding gain will be improved very
little; on the other hand, reducing the coding rate will lead to a decrease in the system capacity. The
gain brought by reducing the rate is proportional to the rate reduction. While space diversity brings
benefits, it also comes at a cost. Single-link communication to earth stations with less rain
attenuation. The cost of network investment has risen sharply, and very complex network control
technology is required.