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Our solution for nonlinearity mitigation does not involve background continuous intensive digital
operations and is performed in the analog domain, reducing the required power consumption and
also the occupied area. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP). The maximum
frequency resolution of the middle capacitor bank at 18 GHz is 100 MHz, while with a decreasing
frequency this frequency step decreases. Previous Article in Journal Engineering Metamaterials:
Present and Future. International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). You can download the
paper by clicking the button above. This will result in variations in the oscillator current-to-frequency
relation and in the required voltage-to-current function. Coarse and middle switched capacitor arrays
are provided to cover the whole frequency range, of 14 GHz to 18 GHz, while the varactor offers
continuous fine-tuning. Digital logic consumes less power, occupies less area, and works faster as
design processes get smaller. If you use (2) or (3), you can generate netlist without running
simulation. The Cadence Design Communities support Cadence users and technologists interacting
to exchange ideas, news, technical information, and best practices to solve problems and get the
most from Cadence technology. The MOS switches introduce on-resistance in the signal path, which
lowers the quality factor of the tank. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in
the journal that they believe will be particularly. The first letter refers to NMOS devices and the
second one refers to PMOS devices. The harmonic distortion is clearly visible, with the third and
fifth harmonic distortion terms (HD3 and HD5) equal to ?44 dBc and ?68 dBc, respectively (the
second harmonic distortion term, HD2, term was ?39 dBc in a single-ended configuration). Alvero-
Gonzalez, L.M.; Medina, V.; Kampus, V.; Paton, S.; Hernandez, L.; Gutierrez, E. Warning detected
by hpeesofsim during netlist parsing. The current injected into the oscillator can then be properly
sized to linearize the oscillator, performing the inverse current-to-frequency function. SNDR
variation of Figure 8 due to different PVT conditions. The outputs of the NAND gates are stored
with flip-flops, whose outputs are thermometically encoded and represent an estimation of the
semiperiod of. Since the frequency steps and the fixed unit capacitor of the coarse stage are large,
the switch sizes in this stage are selected to be large enough to minimize the on-resistance. DC
blocking ca- pacitors were used so that transistors N5-N6 could be biased for optimal coupling. As
shown in Figure 7 a, the VCO routing introduces parasitic inductance and resistance, which lower
the quality factor of the tank. Wei Sheng-Fuh Chang Shih-Wei Huang Engineering, Physics IEEE
Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 2009 A 3.5 GHz, 0.18 mum CMOS current-reused
voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with very high amplitude balance is presented. It is also expected
to achieve area savings, but this needs to be confirmed through experimental prototypes. Solid State
Circuits 1996 This paper presents a study of phase noise in two inductorless CMOS oscillators. Here
in this paper author have introduced a novice CMOS based VCO circuit using an commercially
available 0.13?m CMOS technology.The circuit have been designed using Microcap 11.It can be used
in many application in which one want to control the oscillation frequency of the circuit by applying
an external voltage and to achieve this we have proposed a VCO circuit using CMOS to reduce the
power consumption an to reduce the phase noise. European Journal of Investigation in Health,
Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). For a given current, the class-C VCO provides high oscillation
amplitude characteristics.
Wei Sheng-Fuh Chang Shih-Wei Huang Yung-Jhih Yang R. If you have a question you can start a
new discussion. Expand 17 Highly Influential 4 Excerpts Save Analysis and Design of a CMOS
Phase-Tunable Injection-Coupled LC Quadrature VCO (PTIC-QVCO) I.R. Chamas S. Raman
Engineering IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2009 TLDR This paper presents the design,
analysis, and characterization of a low-power, low-phase-noise, phase-tunable injection-coupled LC
quadrature oscillator (PTIC-QVCO), a superharmonically coupled VCO that is driven to its optimum
phase noise performance via a frequency doubler. Distortion due to a nonlinear ring-oscillator in
analog-to-digital conversion. Alvero-Gonzalez LM, Medina V, Kampus V, Paton S, Hernandez L,
Gutierrez E. Cadence, Virtuoso and Spectre are registered trademarks of Cadence Design Systems,
Inc. Schematic and simulated environment of the proposed inductive buffer. The architecture has
also been checked against PVT and mismatch variations, proving to be highly robust, requiring only
very simple calibration techniques. If I have a very specific problem I will be putting it as a separate
post and giving the url. Nonlinearity was strongly reduced resulting in an ENOB enhancement of
more than three bits for high-swing inputs. A new layout technique is employed to shrink the VCO
output routing and resistance, which prevents the reduction of the quality factor of the Inductor and
Capacitor (LC) tank. The technique through which this is done is called superharmonic coupling. All
of circuit applied are designed and simulated by ADS, 2008. Journal of Theoretical and Applied
Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER). To avoid any blind zones inside the frequency range, there
are overlapped frequencies between the coarse and middle tunings. Assuming the ring-oscillator
configuration of Figure 2 b, we may distinguish between three different regions for the NMOS
transistor: the saturated region, where the ring-oscillator shows a behavior approximately linear; and
the sub-threshold and ohmic regions, where the nonlinearity is clearly visible. Feature papers are
submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive.
Table 1 shows result of fun- damental and subharmonic VCO. The proposed VCO achieves a
discrete frequency tuning range, of 14 GHz to 18 GHz, through a linear coarse and middle switched
capacitor array, and offers superior phase noise performance compared to recent state-of-the-art
VCO architectures. Chiu Hao-Yun Lee Semantic Scholar Semantic Scholar's Logo Figure 1 of 15
Stay Connected With Semantic Scholar Sign Up What Is Semantic Scholar. The tuning range of the
VCO can be calculated through Equation (8). Solid State Circuits 2001 This paper presents an in-
depth treatment of mixers and polyphase filters, and how they are used in rejecting the image in
transmitters and receivers. The proposal is particularly intended for high-bandwidth and medium-
resolution applications, such as 5G or IoT (Internet-of-Things) modules. The opamp does not require
high DC gain, hence its design does not lead to a technology scaling issue. The ring-oscillator might
be affected by mismatch effects and PVT variations. The use of back-gates reduces the power
dissipation and removes the additional noise contributions compare to the conventional coupling
transistor based topology. Circuits Syst. Comput. 2017 TLDR Together with the modified current-
reuse and back-gate coupling techniques, the proposed QVCO can operate at reduced supply voltage
and power consumption while maintaining remarkable circuit performance in terms of low phase
noise and wide tuning range. Energy-efficient wide-band ADCs are essential for applications such as
portable battery-powered devices or radio-receivers. In contrast, the transconductance linearization
approach optimizes the design by eliminating the deep triode region, introducing larger amplitude,
lowering noise generation, and improving the quality factor of the tank compared to conventional
LC-VCOs. The distortion is substantially mitigated in comparison to Figure 3.
A new layout technique shortens the routing of the VCO outputs, and lowers the parasitic inductance
and resistance of the VCO routing. However, in the mm-Wave frequency band, due to the capacitor
and varactor, the quality factor of the Inductor and Capacitor (LC) tank decreases. Therefore, the
proposed technique shrinks the operation of the LC-VCO in the triode region by extending the
saturation region. The size distribution of the transconductors was chosen according to a static
behavior, performing a sweep of several transient simulations with different DC input values to get
the voltage-to-frequency relation and quantify the nonlinear coefficients. The tail inductor resonates
with the parasitic capacitance of the tail node (2w 0 ), and prevents the loading of the tank when one
of the cross-coupled transistors enters the triode region, thereby improving phase noise. Pinning
node: 105, harm: 1, name: I0.Q32:ci, value: (-0.188233, -0.285555). The Cadence Design
Communities support Cadence users and technologists interacting to exchange ideas, news, technical
information, and best practices to solve problems and get the most from Cadence technology. In this
simulation, the load condition for the test buffer is the coupling capacitance and a 50-ohm load, and
the VCO buffer is simulated considering the input load of the divider. Therefore, the provided
simulation environment provides a fairer evaluation compared to the practical conditions. ADC with
segmented phase-domain ELD compensation in 16 nm CMOS. Several NMOS devices are then
connected in parallel. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI
journals. The gain-bandwidth product value was 200 MHz and the margin phase was 55. The signal-
to-noise ratio (SNR) is 63 dB and the signal-to-noise-distortion ratio (SNDR) is 44 dB, which means
a degradation of approximately three ENOBs due to distortion. Solid State Circuits 2001 Underlying
physical mechanisms controlling the noise properties of oscillators are studied. Model psp103
Copyright NXP Semiconductors 2006.Warning detected by hpeesofsim in topology check during
circuit set up. When having the NMOS working at such regions, the harmonic distortion will increase
due to the joint action of both the nonlinear voltage-to-current conversion and the nonlinear time
delay dependence of the ring-oscillator. Ring-Oscillator with Multiple Transconductors for Linear
Analog-to-Digital Conversion. Abbreviations ADC Analog-to-digital converter CCO Current-
controlled oscillator ENOB Effective number of bits IoT Internet-of-things VCO Voltage-controlled
oscillator SAR Successive approximation register Opamp Operational amplifier TI Time-Interleaved
NS-SAR Noise-shaping SAR TINS-SAR Time interleaving noise-shaping SAR. Show me simulation
logfile for both ads and spectre. By accessing, contributing, using or downloading any materials
from the site, you agree to be bound by the full Community Guidelines. Journal of Pharmaceutical
and BioTech Industry (JPBI). The noise of the active part of the VCO is lowered through the
transconductance linearization technique, and the passive part noise is reduced by optimizing the
switched capacitor array. Post-layout simulation results are presented in Section 3. The tuning range
of the VCO can be calculated through Equation (8). Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research
tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Voltage-controlled oscillator based
analog-to-digital converters (VCO-based ADCs) have emerged as a promising solution due to their
highly digital nature adequate for very low voltage supplies. The results computed by Virtuoso(R)
Spectre are now incorrect because the junction current model has been linearized. To exemplify the
design procedure two different delay cell topologies (simple inverter and pseudo-differential cross-
coupled inverters) will be analyzed and designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology. Expand 91 Highly
Influential 4 Excerpts Save 8-GHz CMOS quadrature VCO using transformer-based LC tank
Donghyun Baek Taeksang Song E.
CMOS technology is used in various analog circuits like Comparator, Amplifier, Digital to Analog,
Analog to Digital converter, Voltage Controlled Oscillator and many others. Top block diagram of an
analog Phase-Locked Loops (PLL). To reduce mismatch effects between devices, the diode-
connected transistors (M. Comparison of the proposed VCO with the other architectures. Due to the
fact that linearity is a key performance metric of an ADC a special attention will be given to this
characteristic during the design and for this matter control mechanism will be analyzed. The first
letter refers to NMOS devices and the second one refers to PMOS devices. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). Wei Sheng-Fuh Chang Chih-Sheng Chen
Engineering, Physics IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 2009 A 0.18 mum CMOS
quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator with an extremely-low phase noise is presented. To suppress
the parasitic resistance and inductance, the routing of VCO outputs is stacked through the wide
metal 7 and 8. For each of the four outputs we have used source follower buffers that we were able
to measure the VCO using equipment with 50. The tail inductor resonates with the parasitic
capacitance of the tail node (2w 0 ), and prevents the loading of the tank when one of the cross-
coupled transistors enters the triode region, thereby improving phase noise. This offset value is
finally controlled by means of an opamp whose output offset component can be digitally tuned. 4.
Discussion The proposed architecture does not add extra relevant power consumption. International
Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP). Opamp’s circuit is depicted in Figure 7,
which consists of a two-stage Miller-compensated opamp with low offset (3 mV simulated, which is
sufficiently low for proper performance). The technique through which this is done is called
superharmonic coupling. Figure 2 shows the well-known top block diagram of an analog PLL. The
approach consists of driving a current-controlled oscillator (CCO) with several transconductors
connected in parallel with different bias conditions. I can use only one port and I put it between
resonator and negative resistance pair. The module is based on an idea by Donald Tillman from. The
core quadrature VCO circuit investigated in this work is shown in Figure 8. A new layout technique
is employed to shrink the VCO output routing and resistance, which prevents the reduction of the
quality factor of the Inductor and Capacitor (LC) tank. Yoo Engineering, Physics IEEE Microwave
and Wireless Components Letters 2006 A 5-GHz low-phase noise CMOS quadrature voltage
controlled oscillator (QVCO) is described. Several ways of correcting the ring-oscillators’
nonlinearity have been proposed in the literature. Ring-Oscillator with Multiple Transconductors for
Linear Analog-to-Digital Conversion. Therefore, the size of the capacitance of the varactor, or the
value of KVCO, can be relaxed, while this capacitance can be compensated by increasing the size of
the switches in both coarse and middle tuning stages. The proposed VCO satisfies the frequency
range of 13 GHz to 19 GHz in all corner cases and temperatures, while the target frequency range is
from 14 GHz to 18 GHz. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers
instead of page numbers. Higher VCO gain (KVCO) needs a larger fixed capacitor inside the
varactor, and introduces large AM (Amplitude modulation) to FM (Frequency modulation) noise.
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK). I think your quadrature oscillator has
two oscillation modes, 36GHz and 50GHz.
Distortion due to a nonlinear ring-oscillator in analog-to-digital conversion. The circuit need to
resonate when phase cross 0 point and magnitude more then 1, but why it occurs so fast. The
approach consists of driving a current-controlled oscillator (CCO) with several transconductors
connected in parallel with different bias conditions. Solid State Circuits 1999 An analysis of phase
noise in differential cross-coupled inductance-capacitance (LC) oscillators is presented. Therefore,
the size of the capacitance of the varactor, or the value of KVCO, can be relaxed, while this
capacitance can be compensated by increasing the size of the switches in both coarse and middle
tuning stages. And this point is very close to what I have from HB (36.77GHz). It's look that I need
change biasing and inductance. The module is based on an idea by Donald Tillman from. As shown
in Figure 5, the switched capacitor quality factor (. Other waveforms like triangle, sawtooth,
rectangle and sine can be. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. When the Drain
voltage is minimum, the Gate voltage is maximum, and A represents the voltage gain from Gate to
Drain of the feedback path, Equations (4) and (5) can be realized. Phase noise performance of the
VCO at 14 GHz and 18 GHz carrier frequencies. Output spectrum of transient simulation of the
circuit proposed in Figure 6. As shown in Figure 4, the DC isolation of the Gate and Drain through
the coupling capacitance lets the Gate be biased lower than the Drain, thereby reducing the
nonlinearity of the active part. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through
the use of cookies. INL performance of the system with the circuit proposed in Figure 6. And show
me simulation logfile for both Transient and PSS. As an essential building block of an analog PLL
inside the transceiver architecture, a wide tuning range and low phase noise Voltage Controlled
Oscillator (VCO), operating at a higher frequency, is highly demanded. The Cadence Design
Communities support Cadence users and technologists interacting to exchange ideas, news, technical
information, and best practices to solve problems and get the most from Cadence technology. The
advantages of the proposed QVCO topology in comparison with prior works are exploited based on
simulation. As shown in Figure 3, the discrete frequency tuning of the VCO is realized by using 3-
bits coarse and 6-bits middle tunings. The tail inductor resonates with the parasitic capacitance of the
tail node (2w 0 ), and prevents the loading of the tank when one of the cross-coupled transistors
enters the triode region, thereby improving phase noise. The nominal voltage supply (1.2 V) is the
same for all the cases. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. Semantic Scholar is a
free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Top block
diagram of an analog Phase-Locked Loops (PLL). I am using Cadence IC6.1.5-64b.500 version and
spectre simulator for the schemtic design and simulations. Therefore, the provided simulation
environment provides a fairer evaluation compared to the practical conditions. R in Figure 2.
Negative resistance generated from cross-coupled BJT. Yoo Engineering, Physics IEEE Microwave
and Wireless Components Letters 2006 A 5-GHz low-phase noise CMOS quadrature voltage
controlled oscillator (QVCO) is described.