UNIT II: Computer Ethics 1.

Professional Behavior
Group 1
Chapter 1: Professional Codes of Ethics
● A professional code of ethics is
designed to ensure employees are
behaving in a manner that is socially
acceptable and respectful of one
another.
● Members are expected to uphold
professional behavior that reflects
positively on the entire profession.
2. Integrity
● Professionals must act with integrity,
dignity, and honor to gain the
community's trust and have a
positive impact on society.

Professional Ethics 3. Professional Competence and Due

● About your obligation to the public. Care
● It is often established by ● Professionals should stay informed,
professional organizations to help maintain training, and ensure their
guide members in performing their subordinates exercise proper care.
job functions according to sound and
consistent ethical principles. 4. Confidentiality
● Members must protect sensitive
Code of Ethics information to prevent its
● A code of ethics is a guide of unauthorized sharing with third
principles designed to help parties.
professionals conduct business
honestly and with integrity. 5. Objectivity
● Members must exhibit fairness,
Why ethics for Professionals? impartiality, and intellectual honesty
● A basis for values and visions in their professional pursuits.
● To motivate employees
● Perhaps demanded by customers Symmetrical Ethics - The Golden Rule
● For good relationships to ● The Golden Rule is the principle of
stakeholders treating others as one would want
● An overall check on plans to be treated by them.
● To avoid various exposures and ● It is sometimes called an ethics of
risks reciprocity, meaning that you
● Part of governance should reciprocate to others how you
● Sustainability would like them to treat you.

Professional Code of Ethics (AAT’s Code
of Ethics)
Often contain five fundamental principles
(PIPCO):
Chapter 2: Code of Ethics of the Filipino
Computing and Information Technology
Professional
● The Code of Ethics of the Filipino
Computing and Information
Technology Professional sets forth a
framework of principles guiding the
conduct of professionals in the field
 of computing and information
technology in the Philippines.
Information Technology
● The preparation, collection, creation,
transport, retrieval, storage, access,
presentation and transformation of
electronic information in all its forms
including, but not limited to, voice,
graphics, text, video, data and
image.
Information Technology Professional
● The one who develops or provides
information technology products
and/or services to the public.
Filipino Code of Ethics
Preamble
● I will use my special knowledge and
skills for the benefit of the public. I
will serve employers and clients with
integrity, subject to an overriding
responsibility to the public interest,
and I will strive to enhance the
competence and prestige of the
professional. By these, I mean:
1. I will promote public knowledge,
understanding, and appreciation
of information technology.
● The professional will actively
contribute to public
understanding of IT.
2. I will consider the general welfare
and public good in the
performance of my work.
● Prioritizing the well-being of
the public in the execution of
duties.
3. I will advertise goods or
professional services in a clear
and truthful manner.
● Advertise goods/services
honestly and transparently.
4. I will comply and strictly abide by
the intellectual property laws,
patent laws, and other related
laws in respect of information
technology.
● Strict adherence to
intellectual property, patent,
and related laws.
5. I will accept full responsibility for
the work undertaken and will
utilize my skills with competence
and professionalism.
● Taking accountability for work
and performing tasks with
competence.
6. I will make truthful statements on
my areas of competence as well
as the capabilities and qualities of
my products and services.
● Providing honest information
about one's competence and
product/service qualities.
7. I will not disclose or use any
confidential information obtained
in the course of professional
duties without the consent of the
parties concerned, except when
required by law.
● Not disclosing confidential
information without consent
unless required by law.
8. I will try to attain the highest
quality in both the products and
services I offer.
● Striving for the highest
quality in both products and
services.
9. I will not knowingly participate in
the development of Information
Technology Systems that promote
fraud and other unlawful acts.
 ● Not participating in the
development of IT systems
that promote fraud or
unlawful activities.
10. I will uphold and improve the IT
professional standards through
continuing professional
development in order to enhance
the IT profession
● Upholding and improving
professional standards
through ongoing learning.
Chapter 3: Professionals Code of Ethics
of Association of IT Professionals
● The Professionals Code of Ethics of
the Association of IT Professionals
outlines ethical standards for IT
professionals, guiding their behavior
and promoting integrity in their work.
It serves to protect stakeholders'
interests, maintain the profession's
reputation, and ensure legal
compliance.
1. That I have an obligation to
management, therefore, I shall
promote the understanding of
information processing methods and
procedures to management using
every resource at my command.
2. That I have an obligation to my
fellow members,therefore, I shall
uphold the high ideals of AITP as
outlined in the Association Bylaws.
Further, I shall cooperate with my
fellow members and shall treat them
with honesty and respect at all
times.
3. That I have an obligation to society
and will participate to the best of my
ability in the dissemination of
knowledge pertaining to the general
development and understanding of
information processing. Further, I
shall not use knowledge of a
confidential nature to further my
personal interest, nor shall I violate
the privacy and confidentiality of
information entrusted to me or to
which I may gain access.
4. That I have an obligation to my
College or University,therefore, I
shall uphold its ethical and moral
principles.
5. That I have an obligation to my
employer whose trust I hold,
therefore, I shall endeavor to
discharge this obligation to the best
of my ability, to guard my employer’s
interests, and to advise him or her
wisely and honestly.
6. That I have an obligation to my
country, therefore, in my personal,
business, and social contacts, I shall
uphold my nation and shall honor
the chosen way of life of my fellow
citizens.
Chapter 4: Twelve Fundamental
Principles of Ethics
1.Honesty
● Putting honesty first in business
means being open, doing the right
thing, and treating people fairly,
starting by being truthful with
employees.
2. Integrity
● Integrity is having strong morals
shown through your actions, needing
you to be principled even if it means
tempted by money or peer pressure.
3. Trustworthiness
● Trustworthiness comes from keeping
promises sincerely and adhering to
agreements, creating strong
relationships and improving
business prospects.
4. Loyalty
● Companies often seek employee
loyalty, yet they also strive to
reciprocate by valuing loyalty to
customers, while protecting sensitive
information.
5. Fairness
● Ethical fairness means treating
everyone equally, with companies
offering equal opportunities to
employees and fair treatment to
customers.
6. Empathy
● Empathy is caring for stakeholders'
well-being, prioritizing ethical
decisions even if they impact
profitability, like recalling harmful
products.
7. Respect
● The business itself
professionals treat everyone with
respect and courtesy, reciprocating
the behavior they expect from
others.
8. Compliance
● Employers and employees follow the
law and clean practices, avoiding
dishonest practices like manipulating
sales.
9. Pursuit of excellence
● It is by prioritizing excellence over
profits, focusing on adding value
through their products or services.
Efficacy over financial gains.
10. Leadership
● Businesses and leaders set positive
examples, embodying integrity, and
fostering a culture of growth,
guidance, and inspiration.
11. Reputation
● Companies prioritize reputation and
encourage employees to uphold it
through their conduct while also
boosting morale and behavior.
12. Responsibility
● It is by recognizing their obligations
to employees, customers, and
society, aiming to meet expectations
set by others.
Chapter 5: Ten Commandments of
Computer Ethics
● Established by the Computer Ethics
Institute in 1992, constitute a
comprehensive set of standards
designed to guide and instruct
people in the ethical use of
computers.
1.Thou shalt not use a computer to harm
other people.
2. Thou shalt not interfere with other
people’s computer work.
and 3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other
people’s computer files.
4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear
false witness.
6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary
software for which you have not paid.
7. Thou shalt not use other people’s
computer resources without authorization or
proper compensation.
8. Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s
intellectual output.
9. Thou shalt think about the social
consequences of the program you are
writing or the system you are designing.
10. Thou shalt always use a computer in
ways that ensure consideration and respect
for your fellow humans.

Unit II - Chapter 6: The Hacking
Community’s Constitution
Group 2
VI. The Hacking Community’s
Constitution
● It is a set of moral principles that
regulate the use of computers.
● It is part of practical philosophy,
which deals with how computing
professionals should make decisions
regarding professional and social
conduct.
We believe that:
● That every individual should have
the right to free speech in
cyberspace.
● That every individual should be free
of worry when pertaining to
oppressive governments that control
cyberspace.
● That democracy should exist in
cyber space to set a clear example
as to how a functioning element of
society can prosper with equal rights
and free speech to all.
● That hacking is a tool that should
and is used to test the integrity of
networks that hold and safeguard
out valuable information.
● Those sovereign countries in the
world community that do not respect
democracy should be punished.
● That art, music, politics and crucial
social elements of all world societies
can be achieved on the computer
and in cyberspace.
● That hacking, cracking and
phreaking are instruments that can
achieve three crucial goals:
○ a. Direct Democracy in
cyberspace.
○ b. The belief that information
should be free to all.
○ c. The idea that one can test
and know the dangers and
exploits of systems that store
the individuals’ information.
● That cyber space should be a
governing body in the world
community, where people of all
nations and cultures can express
their ideas and beliefs as to how our
world politics should be played.
● That there should be no governing
social or political class or party in
cyberspace.
● That the current status of the
internet is a clear example as to how
many races, cultures, and people
can communicate freely and without
friction or conflicts.
● In free enterprise and friction-free
capitalism.
● In the open source movement fully,
as no government should adopt
commercial or priced software for it
shows that a government may be
biased to something that does not
prompt the general welfare of the
technology market and slows or
stops the innovation of other smaller
company’s products.
● That technology can be wielded for
the better placement of mankind and
the environment we live in.
● That all sovereign countries in the
world community should respect
these principles and ideas released
in this constitution.
● The above-declared constitution is
like a bill of rights which should be
read in relation to the Ten
Commandments.
VII. What is Computer Ethics
● Computer ethics deals with the
procedures, values and practices
that govern the process of
consuming computing technology
and its related disciplines without
damaging or violating the moral
values and beliefs of any individual,
organization or entity.
VIII. Three Levels of Computer Ethics
● Computer ethics questions can be
raised and studied at various“levels.”
And each level is vital to the overall
goal of protecting and advancing
human values. On the most basic
level, computer ethics tries to
sensitize people to the fact that
computer technology has social and
ethical consequences.
POP
● This is the overall goal of what some
call “pop” computer ethics.
● Newspapers, magazines and TV
news programs have engaged
increasingly in computer ethics of
this sort.
● Every week, there are news stories
about computer viruses, or software
ownership lawsuits, or
computer-aided bank robbery, or
harmful computer malfunctions, or
computerized weapons, etc.
PARA
● The second level of computer ethics
can be called “para” computer
ethics.
● Someone who takes a special
interest in computer ethics cases,
collects examples, clarifies them,
looks for similarities and differences,
reads related works, attends
relevant events, and so on, is
learning “para” computer ethics.
THEORETICAL
● The third level of computer ethics I
call “theoretical” computer ethics,
because it applies scholarly theories
to computer ethics cases and
concepts.
● Someone proficient in “theoretical”
● Computer ethics would be able not
only to identify, clarify, compare and
contrast computer ethics cases; she
or he could also apply theories and
tools from philosophy, social science
or law in order to deepen our
understanding of the issues.
● Such “theoretical” computer ethics is
normally taught in college-level
courses with titles like“Computer
Ethics,” “Computers and Society,”
“Computers and the Law.”
● All three “levels of analysis” are
important to the goal of advancing
and defending human values.
● Voters and the public at large, for
example, should be sensitive to the
social and ethical consequences of
information technology. Computer
professionals and public policy
makers should have “para” computer
 ethics skills and knowledge in order
to do their jobs effectively.
IX. Social Networking
● Social networks are websites and
apps that allow users and
organizations to connect,
communicate, share information and
form relationships. People can
connect with others in the same
area, families, friends, and those
with the same interests. Social
networks are one of the most
important uses of the internet today.
Social Networking Sites
● Popular social networking sites --
such as Facebook, Yelp, Twitter,
Instagram and TikTok -- enable
individuals to maintain social
connections, stay informed and
access, as well as share a wealth of
information. These sites also enable
marketers to reach their target
audiences.
● Social networking sites have come a
long way since the first social
networking site, SixDegrees.com,
was launched in 1997. Today, the
world is rapidly adopting newer
social networking platforms.
X. Ethical Issues of Social Networking
PRIVACY
● Privacy can be violated, including
social networks through intrusion,
misuse of information, etc.
● The internet contains a wealthy
amount of data and will always be a
serious subject of concern.
● Although terms and conditions were
always made to be seen and agreed
during the users registration
process, most users ignore the
policy and assume that everything is
in good place without even realizing
we might solely permit a gateway
access to our personal information.
FREE SPEECH
● Although free speech is not seen as
unobtrusive and supported
democratic ideology, it is a
dangerous weapon for a specific
group of people to manipulate the
right to release an unethical
sentiment such as racial or religious
sentiment within the digital space.
DATA LEAKAGE
● Although numerous new
technologies related to data
protection have been introduced to
the market, data leakage still
remains a big issue.
● Data leakage is possibly caused by
the users minimal awareness and
understanding of ethical privacy and
protection value of the policies used
by social networking sites.
● Social networking timelines such as
location which are mostly shown in a
user's activities can be manipulated
and compiled as a valuable source
for data leakage.
IDENTITY THEFT
● It is a form of technique used by
criminals to impersonate someone’s
identity with the intention to commit
a crime.
● Despite the rapid effort made by
social networking sites to protect its
users from online impersonation, the
solution still depends on the ethical
value and proactive actions by the
users themselves to self awareness
 on the risk of identity theft on social
networking sites.
UNIT III: Technologies’ Impact on Privacy
Group 3
The 1987 Constitution Of The Republic
Of The Philippines – Article III
● Article III, Section 1 on due process
is considered the main source of the
right to privacy.
Rational Relationship Test
● A.K.A. rational-relationship test,
minimum scrutiny, or minimal
scrutiny.
● A way for judges to decide if a law is
fair.
● A criterion used in constitutional law
to analyze a statute that does not
involve a fundamental right.
Reasonable Expectation of Privacy
● An essential element of privacy law.
● Allows you to hold someone
accountable for violating your
personal privacy.
Home is the clearest example of a place
where you have a reasonable expectation of
privacy.
Privacy law protects you from humiliation
or having private details made public.
Legal Principles Governing Privacy
Rights Between Spouses
1. Marital Communications Privilege
● Spouses cannot be forced to testify
against each other
2. Doctor-Patient Confidentiality
● Medical records are confidential
even from a spouse without the
patient's consent.
3. Financial Records
● Financial information must be
disclosed during divorce
proceedings.
4. Personal Devices And Accounts
● Spouses have no inherent legal right
to access each other's personal
devices or accounts
5. Home Privacy
● Spouses have equal rights to be in
the home and use its contents.
6. Domestic Violence Laws
● Abusive violations of privacy may
qualify as domestic violence.
7. Snooping And Wiretapping Laws
● Unauthorized snooping or
wiretapping by a spouse may violate
privacy laws.
8. Divorce And Separation
● Courts can issue orders for
temporary privacy and separation
9. Premarital Agreements
● Spouses can contractually agree to
financial and asset privacy
People detained or arrested have the right
to know the reasons for the detention or
arrest right away.
The right to speak to a lawyer is a
fundamental right. It allows people
detained or arrested to discuss their rights
and responsibilities with a lawyer.
The purpose of the right to remain silent is
to prevent people detained from hurting
their cases by helping the police.
In 2012, the Philippines passed Republic
Act No.10173 or the Data Privacy Act of
2012 (DPA)
Personal data
● refers to all types of personal
information.
Who implements the DPA?
● The National Privacy Commission
(NPC) is in charge of administering
and implementing the DPA.
Major functions of the NPC are:
1.Rule making
2.Compliance and monitoring
3.Advisory
4.Public Education
5.Complaints and investigations
6.Enforcement
The Data Privacy Act, as well as RA No.
10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention Act,
was only enacted in 2012.
Identity theft
● when someone steals your personal
information.
9 of the most common ways identity
thieves get hold of your data:
1. Data Breaches
2. Unsecure Browsing
3. Dark Web Marketplaces
4. Malware Activity
5. Credit Card Theft
6. Mail Theft
7. Phishing And Spam Attacks
8. Wi-Fi Hacking
9. Mobile Phone Theft
How to Check for Identity Theft
1. Monitor your credit score
2. Keep an eye on your credit reports
3. Look at your bills
4. Read your email
What to Do if You Think You're a Victim
of Identity Theft
1. Contact your bank or credit card issuer
2. Review your credit reports
3. Freeze your credit
4. File an identity theft report.
5. File a police report.
6. Being a victim of identity theft is a
harrowing experience.
Due process
● a requirement that legal matters be
resolved according to established
rules and principles.
Types of Due process
1. Procedural due process
● requires that when the federal
government acts in a way that
denies a citizen
2. Substantive due process
● is a principle allowing courts to
protect certain fundamental rights
from government interference.
UNIT IV: Technologies’ Impact on Privacy
Group 4
Programmer's source code
● should reflect a conscientious effort
to address social and professional
issues in ICT.
The Programmers Source Code
1. Occupation
● refers to the occupation of the
programmer who created the code.
2. Law
● refer to legal considerations and
obligations that programmers need
to be aware of and comply
3. Donation
● act of voluntarily contributing/sharing
code with others
4. Tradition
● the established practices,
conventions, and standards
5. Intellectual Creation
● Presentations are communication
tools.
6. Prescription
● the acquisition or loss of rights to the
code over time
7. Succession
● The original and creative expression
embodied in the code.
Intellectual Creation
1. Innovative Solutions
● Programmers use their creativity and
problem-solving skills to devise
innovative solutions
2. Policy Analysis & Advocacy
● Intellectual creation extends to the
critical analysis of ICT policies.
3. Ethical design & Development
Practices
● Involves the development of ethical
design and development practices
● ● Layout design protection, also
Intellectual Creation Examples
● Painting by an artist
● Books written by an author
● Logo designed by a student
● Programs written by a programmer
● Newspaper articles
● PowerPoint presentations
● Thesis
● Dissertations
Intellectual Property (RA 8293)
● Contains provisions which protects
the rights of people regarding their
intellectual creations.
● Other laws which govern the use of
technology:
○ E-Commerce law
○ Access Devices Regulation
Act
○ Cybercrime law
Intellectual property rights consists of:
1. Copyright & Related Rights
● Copyright law protects original works
of authorship fixed in a tangible
medium of expression
2. Trademarks & Service Marks
● Trademarks are symbols, names, or
designs used to identify and
distinguish goods or services
3. Geographic Indications
● Signs used on goods that have a
specific geographical origin
4. Industrial Design
● Industrial design protection applies
to the ornamental or aesthetic
aspects of a product
5. Patents
● Patents protect inventions, including
processes, methods, and
technological innovations
6. Layout Designs
known as semiconductor or
integrated circuit (IC).
7. Protection of Undisclosed Information
● Referred to as trade secrets,
safeguards confidential business
information.
Why Promote and Protect Intellectual
Property?
● Protection of IP rights is an incentive
to human creativity.
 ● Promotes respect for individual
artists, and enables them to earn 3. Trademark
livelihoods. ● Protect brand names, logos, and
● Prevents infringement. slogans. This is a brand element
● It serves as an instrument for which distinguishes your goods and
economic development. services
● New creativity helps create ● Works
sustainable and competitive ○ Word mark, logo, slogan,
businesses locally and shapes
internationally. ● Rights
○ Exclusive right to use the
3 Branches of Intellectual Property mark and prevent everyone
1. Copyright from using it without
● Protection is automatically granted permission
to the author for their original, ● Validity
creative or intellectual work. ○ Valid 10 years which can be
● Works made perpetual
○ Books, lectures, dramatic
and musical works
● Rights
○ To distribute copies or phone
records of the work to the
public by sale or transfer of
ownership (rental/lease)
● Validity
○ Valid through the lifetime of
the author and 60 years after
his death
2. Patent
● This concerns obtaining protection
for new inventions that are new,
original and useful.
● Works
○ Novels or original that has an
inventive step
● Rights
○ Exclusive authority over the
patented invention, right to
exclude others and exploit
the patent
● Validity
○ Valid for period of 20 years
after which it goes in public
domain