ETHNIC RELIGION

GROUPS BACKGROUND
IN SOCIAL AND LANGUAGE ARTS MATERIAL
VISAYAS ORGANIZATION BELIEF AND LITERATURE CULTURE
SYSTEM COMMUNICATION AND EXPRESSION
Hiligaynon/ The The social organization The The Ilonggos, The arts and literature The material
Ilonggo Hiligaynon of the Ilonggos, also Ilonggos, also known as of the Ilonggos, also culture of the
or Ilonggo known as the Hiligaynon also known the Hiligaynon known as the Ilonggos, also
people or Ilonggo people, is as the or Ilonggo Hiligaynon or Ilonggo known as the
primarily characterized by strong Hiligaynon people, have a people, showcase a Hiligaynon or
inhabit the familial ties, a sense of or Ilonggo distinct vibrant cultural heritage Ilonggo people,
provinces community, and respect people, language known deeply rooted in their encompasses
of Iloilo, for authority and elders. have a rich as Hiligaynon or history, traditions, and the physical
Negros Family plays a central religious Ilonggo. It is a values. From visual arts artifacts, tools,
Occidental, role in their society, with and belief member of the to music, dance, and and objects that
Capiz, and extended family networks system that Visayan literature, Ilonggo reflect their way
Antique. and close-knit plays a language family artistic expressions are of life,
They have relationships being highly significant and is widely diverse and reflect the craftsmanship,
a rich valued. role in their spoken in the unique identity of the and traditions. It
cultural  In Ilonggo society, cultural Western region. represents the
heritage, the family is identity. The Visayas region  Visual arts hold a tangible aspects
known for considered the majority of of the significant place in of their culture
their primary unit of Ilonggos Philippines, Ilonggo culture. and showcases
vibrant social organization. practice particularly in Skilled artisans their ingenuity
festivals It is not uncommon Roman the provinces of create intricate and
such as for multiple Catholicism, Iloilo, Guimaras, wood carvings, resourcefulness.
the generations to live which was Negros pottery, and  Traditional
Dinagyang together or in close introduced Occidental, and woven crafts that crafts and
Festival proximity, fostering by Spanish Capiz. showcase their industries
and the a strong sense of colonizers craftsmanship and hold a
MassKara interconnectedness during the Hiligaynon is creativity. significant
Festival. and mutual colonial known for its  Music and dance place in
The support. period. melodic and play a vital role in Ilonggo
Hiligaynon  Hierarchy and rhythmic Ilonggo cultural material
language respect are qualities, with its expressions. culture.
is widely important cultural speakers often Traditional music Skilled
spoken in values within using intonation is characterized artisans
this region. Ilonggo society. and gestures to by rhythmic beats, create a
Individuals are convey accompanied by wide range
expected to show meaning. It has indigenous of products,
deference and a rich instruments such including
respect to their vocabulary and as drums, pottery,
elders and those in grammar, bamboo pipes, weaving,
positions of allowing for and stringed and
authority. nuanced instruments like woodcarvin
 Community expression and the kudyapi. g.
cohesion is a communication.  Literature in the  Architectur
significant aspect The language is Hiligaynon e also
of Ilonggo social written using the language is rich reflects the
organization. The Latin alphabet, and varied, material
sense of with some encompassing culture of
community extends additional letters oral traditions, folk the
beyond immediate and diacritical tales, and Ilonggos.
family to include marks to contemporary  such as the
neighbors, friends, represent literary works. bamboo
and fellow specific sounds.  Cultural festivals and nipa
community and events palm
members. provide platforms thatched
to showcase roofs,
Ilonggo arts and bamboo
literature. stilts, and
wide
windows
for
ventilation
 ETHNIC RELIGION
GROUPS BACKGROUND
IN SOCIAL AND LANGUAGE ARTS MATERIAL
VISAYAS ORGANIZATION BELIEF AND LITERATURE CULTURE
SYSTEM COMMUNICATION AND EXPRESSION
Cebuan The The social organization The The Cebuanos, The arts and literature The material
o Cebuano of the Cebuanos, also Cebuanos, also known as of the Cebuanos, also culture of the
or Bisaya known as the Bisaya or also known the Bisaya or known as the Bisaya or Cebuanos, also
Bisay people are Cebuano people, is as the Cebuano Cebuano people, are known as the
a the largest
ethnic
characterized by strong
family ties, a sense of
Bisaya or
Cebuano
people,
communicate
diverse and reflect their
rich cultural heritage.
Bisaya or
Cebuano people,
group in community, respect for people, primarily Cebuano artistic is a reflection of
the authority, and active have a through the expressions encompass their history,
Visayas community engagement. diverse Cebuano various forms such as traditions, and
region, Families play a central religious language. visual arts, music, daily lives. It
predomina role in Cebuano society, and belief Cebuano is a dance, and literature, encompasses
ntly with extended family system that major regional showcasing the the physical
residing in networks and close-knit reflects their language in the creativity and talent of artifacts, crafts,
Cebu, relationships being highly historical Philippines and the community. and objects that
Bohol, and valued. Bilateral kinship, influences is widely spoken  Visual arts play a shape their
parts of where both the maternal and cultural in the Visayas significant role in material
Leyte and and paternal sides of the practices. and Mindanao Cebuano culture. surroundings and
Samar. family are recognized, The regions. Skilled artists create reflect their
intricate
The strengthens family bonds majority of woodcarvings,
cultural identity.
Sinulog and fosters a sense of Cebuanos Cebuano is pottery, weavings,
Festival in community and mutual are Roman known for its and other crafts that Cebuano
Cebu is a support. Hierarchy and Catholics, melodic and depict the beauty of material culture is
major respect for authority are heavily rhythmic nature, traditional characterized by
cultural important cultural values, influenced qualities, often motifs, and religious craftsmanship
symbolism.
event with deference given to by Spanish spoken with a  Music and dance are
and
celebrated elders and individuals in colonization gentle and integral parts of resourcefulness.
by the positions of authority. , and flowing Cebuano cultural Skilled artisans
Cebuano The Cebuanos also Catholicism cadence. It has expressions. create various
Traditional music is
people. exhibit a strong plays a a rich characterized by traditional crafts,
The bayanihan spirit, significant vocabulary and lively rhythms, often including intricate
accompanied by
Cebuano emphasizing communal role in their grammar, woodcarvings,
indigenous
language, unity and cooperation. religious allowing for instruments such as pottery, weaving,
known as Active community practices precise and the guitar, drums, and basketry.
Binisaya or participation in events and rituals. expressive bamboo pipes, and These crafts
Visayan, is and festivals showcases Churches communication. gongs exhibit exquisite
widely their commitment to and The language is  Cebuano literature is artistry and
spoken preserving cultural religious written using the rich and varied, with reflect the
a strong tradition of
throughout traditions and fostering festivities Latin alphabet, oral storytelling and ingenuity and
the region. social cohesion. Overall, hold a with some written works. creativity of the
the social organization of central additional Folklore, myths, and Cebuano people.
the Cebuanos reflects a place in characters to legends are passed
close-knit and engaged Cebuano represent down through
community rooted in society.. specific sounds. generations,
preserving the
familial ties and shared collective wisdom
values.. and cultural identity
of the Cebuano
people.
 Cultural festivals and
events provide
platforms for
showcasing Cebuano
arts and literature.
The Sinulog Festival
in Cebu City, for
example, features
vibrant street
performances, art
exhibits, and literary
competitions.
ETHNIC RELIGION
GROUPS BACKGROUND
IN SOCIAL AND LANGUAGE ARTS MATERIAL
VISAYAS ORGANIZATION BELIEF AND LITERATURE CULTURE
SYSTEM COMMUNICATIO AND EXPRESSION
N
WARAY The The social organization The Waray The Waray The Waray people have a The material
Aklanon of the Waray people, also people, also language, also rich tradition of arts, culture of the
literature, and expression
people known as the Waray- known as the known as Waray people
that reflect their unique
reside in Waray, is centered Waray-Waray, Waray-Waray cultural heritage and encompasses a
the around strong family ties, have a diverse or Winaray, is history. Here is a short diverse range of
province of communal values, and a religious and spoken by the description of the arts and artifacts, crafts,
Aklan, sense of collective belief system Waray people literature of the Waray and practices
famous for identity. Here are some that in the Eastern 1.Oral Literature: The that reflect their
Waray have a strong oral
its key aspects of the social encompasses Visayas region lifestyle,
tradition, with storytelling,
beautiful organization of the both of the epic recitations, and folk traditions, and
beaches Waray: indigenous and Philippines, songs playing a history. Here is a
and the  Extended Family foreign particularly in significant role in their short description
world- and Kinship influences. the provinces cultural expression. of the material
renowned Here are some of Samar and 2. Literature and Poetry: culture of the
 Barangay System
Waray literature
Boracay  Bayanihan Spirit key aspects of Leyte. It is one Waray:
encompasses a wide
Island.  Respect for Elders the religion and of the major range of written works, 1.Traditional
They have and Authority belief system of languages in including poetry, short Houses: The
their own  Festivals and the Waray: the country stories, and novels. Waray
distinct 1.Indigenous and belongs to 3. Music and Dance: traditionally lived
Celebrations Music and dance are
language Beliefs: Prior to the Visayan in houses made
integral parts of Waray
called the arrival of language of bamboo,
culture. Traditional
Aklanon. foreign family, which is instruments like the wood, and
The Ati- influences, the part of the bandurria, octavina, and thatched roofs.
Atihan Waray people larger guitar are used to create These houses,
Festival, practiced Austronesian melodic and lively tunes known as "bahay
celebrated indigenous language 4. Visual Arts: The Waray kubo,"
people have a strong
in Kalibo, animistic family. 2. Traditional
tradition of visual arts,
Aklan, is a beliefs. Clothing: The
major 2. Catholicism Waray has a including painting, traditional
cultural 3. Syncretism: rich history and weaving, and pottery. clothing of the
5. Theater and
event that A characteristic has been Waray people
Performance: The Waray
showcases feature of the influenced by people also have a includes the
Aklanon Waray belief various tradition of theatrical "sinamay" for
traditions system is the languages performances, often women and the
and syncretism throughout its featuring comedic skits, "barong tagalog"
heritage. between development. musicals, and dramas. for men.
These performances,
indigenous It has 3. Handicrafts:
called "komedya" or
beliefs and borrowed "sarswela," entertain and The Waray
Catholicism vocabulary educate the audience people are
from Spanish, while addressing social known for their
English, and issues and conveying craftsmanship
Filipino (the moral lessons. and produce
national various
language of handicrafts using
the materials such as
Philippines), bamboo, abaca
among others. fibers, and shells.
The language 4. Pottery:
itself is Pottery-making is
characterized an ancient craft
by its melodic practiced by the
and rhythmic Waray people.
quality, with a They create clay
notable pots, jars, and
emphasis on other vessels
syllable using traditional
stress.. methods such as
coiling and hand
molding.
ETHNIC RELIGION
GROUPS BACKGROUND LANGUAGE
IN SOCIAL AND ARTS MATERIAL
VISAYAS ORGANIZATION BELIEF AND LITERATURE CULTURE
SYSTEM COMMUNICATION AND EXPRESSION
AKLAN- Aklanon: The Aklanon people are The Aklanon Aklanon is a The arts and literature ofThe material
ON The an ethnic group people have a language Aklan are a rich and culture of the
Aklanon predominantly found in rich and spoken by the diverse tapestry that Aklanon is a
reflects the unique culture
people the province of Aklan, diverse Aklanon and history of the reflection of their
reside in located in the Western religious and people, who province. The Aklanon rich history and
the Visayas region of the belief system primarily reside people have a long culture
province of Philippines. Their social that combines in the province tradition of storytelling, * *Textiles:* The
Aklan, organization is shaped by elements of of Aklan on the music, dance, and visual Aklanon are
arts, which are all
famous for their cultural traditions indigenous island of known for their
celebrated in festivals,
its and historical influences. animism, folk Panay in the competitions, and other beautiful hand-
beautiful Catholicism, Philippines. It cultural events woven fabrics,
beaches Traditionally, the Aklanon and modern is classified as throughout the year. which are often
and the society was organized Christianity. an decorated with
world- into kinship-based Their beliefs Austronesian One of the most intricate patterns
important aspects of
renowned communities, with reflect a language and and designs.
Aklanon culture is the oral
Boracay families forming the core synthesis of belongs to the tradition. Aklanon These fabrics are
Island. unit of social structure. pre-colonial Visayan storytellers have passed used to make a
They have They practiced a indigenous subgroup. down stories, poems, and variety of items,
their own matrilineal kinship traditions and Aklanon is also songs from generation to including
distinct system, where lineage the influence of known as generation, preserving clothing,
the history and mythology
language and inheritance were Spanish "Akeanon" or blankets, and
of the province. These
called traced through the colonization. "Aklan." stories often feature bags.
Aklanon. female line. This meant themes of love, loss, and * *Woodwork:*
The Ati- that property and wealth Aklanon the natural world. The Aklanon are
Atihan were often passed down serves as the also skilled
Festival, through the female native tongue Aklanon music is also a woodworkers.
vibrant and dynamic
celebrated descendants, and of the Aklanon They create a
tradition. The province is
in Kalibo, women held significant people, and it home to a wide variety of variety of objects
Aklan, is a roles within the is widely used musical instruments, from wood,
major community. for everyday including the kulintang, a including
set of gongs that are
cultural communication furniture,
played in a variety of
event that , both in formal ensembles. Aklanon utensils, and
showcases and informal music is often used to musical
Aklanon settings. It is accompany dance, instruments.
traditions also taught in storytelling, and other Their
and schools and cultural events. woodcarvings are
heritage.. used as a often decorated
Aklanon dance is another
medium of important part of the with traditional
instruction in province's cultural motifs, such as
some heritage. The most the sun, the
educational famous Aklanon dance is moon, and the
institutions the Ati-Atihan, a colorful stars.
and festive dance that
within the * *Metalwork:*
celebrates the arrival of
Aklan the Datus from Borneo. The Aklanon are
province. The The Ati-Atihan is a also skilled
vocabulary of UNESCO World Heritage metalworkers.
Aklanon draws Site and is one of the They create a
from its most popular tourist variety of objects
attractions in the
Austronesian from metal,
Philippines.
roots, but it including jewelry,
has also Aklanon visual arts are weapons, and
absorbed also a rich and varied tools. Their
loanwords tradition. The province is metalwork is
from Spanish, home to a number of often decorated
talented painters,
English, and with intricate
sculptors, and weavers.
other Aklanon art often features patterns and
Philippine traditional motifs, such as designs.
languages . the sun, the moon, and
the stars.
ETHNIC RELIGION
GROUPS BACKGROUND LANGUAGE
IN SOCIAL AND ARTS MATERIAL
VISAYAS ORGANIZATION BELIEF AND LITERATURE CULTURE
SYSTEM COMMUNICATION AND EXPRESSION
KARAY- Karay-a: The Karay-a are an The traditional They speak Karay-a art is known for *Textiles:* The
A The Karay- ethnolinguistic group religion of the the Karay-a its use of bright colors Karay-a are
and intricate designs.
a people predominantly located on Karay-a is language, known for their
They are skilled in a
are Panay island in Western animism, which which is a variety of art forms, beautiful hand-
predomina Visayas. They are known is the belief member of the including weaving, woven fabrics,
ntly found for their rich culture andthat all objects, Bisayan pottery, and woodcarving. which are often
in the traditions, which are both animate language Karay-a weavers create decorated with
province of reflected in their social and inanimate, family. The beautiful textiles, often intricate patterns
decorated with traditional
Antique in organization. have a spirit. Karay-a and designs.
motifs, such as the sun,
Western The Karay-a language is the moon, and the stars. These fabrics are
Visayas. * *Matrilineal society:* believe that closely related Karay-a potters create a used to make a
They have Property and inheritance these spirits to the Aklanon variety of objects, variety of items,
their own are passed down through can be good or and Capiznon including bowls, jars, and including
language the female line. bad, and that languages. figurines. Karay-a clothing,
woodcarvers create a
called * *Extended family:* The they can *Karay-a blankets, and
variety of objects,
Karay-a, basic unit of Karay-a influence the language:* The including furniture, bags.
and their society. lives of Karay-a utensils, and musical * *Woodwork:*
culture is * *Strong sense of humans. language is a instruments. The Karay-a are
characteriz community:* Known for member of the also skilled
ed by their hospitality and * *The belief in Bisayan Karay-a literature is woodworkers.
known for its rich oral
traditional generosity. a world of language They create a
tradition. Karay-a
farming * *Love of music and spirits:* The family. storytellers have passed variety of objects
practices, dance:* Rich tradition of Karay-a believe * *Tonal down stories, poems, and from wood,
music, and oral storytelling. that there is a language:* The songs from generation to including
dance. The * *System of clans:* world of spirits Karay-a generation, preserving furniture,
Binirayan Groups of people related that exists language is a the history and mythology utensils, and
of the Karay-a people.
Festival is to each other through a alongside the tonal musical
These stories often
a common ancestor. world of language, feature themes of love, instruments.
significant * *Committed to humans. These which means loss, and the natural Their
celebration preserving culture and spirits can be that the world. woodcarvings are
Karay-a expression is
that traditions:* Vibrant and good or bad, meaning of a often decorated
known for its vibrant and
showcases dynamic community. and they can word can dynamic nature. The with traditional
the rich influence the change Karay-a people are motifs, such as
heritage of lives of depending on known for their love of the sun, the
the Karay- humans. the tone of music and dance, and moon, and the
a people. * *The belief in voice used. they have a rich tradition stars.
of oral storytelling. Karay-
ancestor * *Wide range * *Metalwork:*
a music is often used to
worship:* The of vocabulary:* accompany dance, The Karay-a are
Karay-a believe The Karay-a storytelling, and other also skilled
that their language has cultural events. Karay-a metalworkers.
ancestors are a wide range dance is another They create a
still watching of vocabulary, important part of the variety of objects
province's cultural
over them, and and it is used from metal,
heritage. The most
they offer to express a famous Karay-a dance is including jewelry,
prayers and wide range of the Ati-Atihan, weapons, and
sacrifices to emotions. tools. Their
them. * *Committed metalwork is
* *The belief in to preserving often decorated
magic:* The language and with intricate
Karay-a believe culture:* The patterns and
that magic can Karay-a are a designs.
be used to proud people,
harm or heal and they are
people, and committed to
they often preserving
consult with their language
shamans or and culture.
healers.
 ETHNIC RELIGION
GROUPS BACKGROUND LANGUAGE
IN SOCIAL AND ARTS MATERIAL
VISAYAS ORGANIZATION BELIEF AND LITERATURE CULTURE
SYSTEM COMMUNICATION AND EXPRESSION
CAPIZNON apiznon: The Capiznon are an The religion in The language Capiznon arts, literature, The material
The ethnolinguistic group the loop in and expression are a culture of the
unique blend of Spanish,
Capiznon predominantly located in system of the communication Capiznon is a
Filipino, and Chinese
people the province of Capiz in Car Capiznon of the influences. The region's reflection of their
inhabit the the Western Visayas is a syncretic Capiznon is rich history and culture is rich history and
province of region of the Philippines. religion that Capiznon, a reflected in its art, which unique blend of
Capiz and They are known for their combines Central is often colorful and influences. The
have their rich culture and elements of Bisayan intricate. Capiznon region's natural
literature is also vibrant,
own traditions, which are Catholicism, language resources, such
with a wide range of
language reflected in their social animism, and spoken in the genres and styles as the seashells
called organization. folk beliefs. Western represented. And the used to make
Capiznon. *Matrilineal society:* The Car Visayas region region's people are capiz windows,
They are Property and inheritance Capiznon of the known for their have played a
known for are passed down through believe in a Philippines. expressiveness, which is major role in
evident in their music,
their rich the female line. supreme being Capiznon is shaping their
dance, and other forms of
folklore, * *Extended family:* The called concentrated cultural expression. material culture.
traditional basic unit of Capiznon Kabunian, who in the province One of the most famous * *Baskets and
crafts, and society. is said to have of Capiz in the Capiznon artists is mats:* Baskets
fishing * *Strong sense of created the northeast of Napoleon Abueva, who is and mats are
practices. community:* Known for world and all Panay Island. considered one of the made from
pioneers of modern
The their hospitality and living things. It is a member woven bamboo
Philippine sculpture.
Sinadya sa generosity. They also of the Bisayan Abueva's work is often or rattan. They
Halaran * *Love of music and believe in a language inspired by the natural are used for a
Festival in dance:* Rich tradition of pantheon of family and the world, and he is known variety of
Roxas City, oral storytelling. lesser gods people are part for his use of bold colors purposes, such
Capiz, * *System of clans:* and spirits, who of the wider and geometric forms. as carrying
Other notable Capiznon
celebrates Groups of people related are said to Visayan goods, sleeping
artists include Manuel
the to each other through a control the ethnolinguistic Baldemor, who is known on, and sitting
Capiznon common ancestor. forces of nature group, who for his paintings of ruralon.
culture and * *Committed to and the lives of constitute the life, and Federico Aguilar* *Pottery:*
Alcuaz, who is known for
traditions. preserving culture and humans. The largest Filipino Pottery is made
his portraits and
traditions:* Vibrant and Car Capiznon ethnolinguistic landscapes. from local clay. It
dynamic community.. also believe in group. The is used for
Capiznon literature is also
an afterlife, language is rich and varied. Some of cooking, storing
where good often confused the most famous food, and
people will go with Hiligaynon Capiznon writers include carrying water.
Jose Corazon de Jesus,
to a paradise due to * *Jewelry:*
who is known for his
called dialectological poems of love and loss, Jewelry is made
Guinhalinan, comprehensio and Nick Joaquin, who is from seashells
while bad n similarities known for his essays on and other natural
people will go and as high as Philippine history and materials, such
to a hell called 91% mutual culture. Other notable as coral and
Capiznon writers include
Kalumaran. intelligibility, pearls. It is worn
Genoveva Edroza
but it has its Matute, who is known for for both fashion
certain unique her short stories, and and adornment.
accent and Lualhati Bautista, who is * *Clothing:*
vocabulary that known for her novels. Clothing is made
integrates from locally-
Capiznon people are
Aklanon and produced
known for their
Waray lexicon. expressiveness, which is textiles, such as
evident in their music, cotton and linen.
dance, and other forms of It is typically
cultural expression. The loose-fitting and
region's folk music is comfortable,
often lively and upbeat,
reflecting the
and it is often
accompanied by dancing. region's tropical
Capiznon people also climate.
enjoy traditional festivals,
such as the Dinagyang .