FLOORING:

SOLID (NATURAL) HARDWOOD FLOORING

PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Made from the named species such as maple, walnut, oak and cherry. Solid flooring comes from a solid piece of
milled wood. Planks are solid all the way through.

SIZES AVAILABLE:
- Standard hardwood flooring planks are 3/4 inch thick, 2 1/4 inches wide, and sold in various lengths from 12 to 84
inches. Other thicknesses and widths are also available, though solid hardwood flooring is rarely more than about
4 inches wide.
TYPES/ SPECIES:
- OAK - HICKORY
- MAPLE - BAMBOO
- WALNUT - CORK
LIFESPAN:
- Typically, hardwood floors should be refinished every 8-12 years, but this varies depending on how rough you
are with your floors.

INSTALLATION:
- The most traditional method for solid hardwood floor installation is to nail the planks to the subfloor.
 - It can also be stapled to a subfloor rather than being nailed. The process is much the same as the nail-down
method
- Snap-together flooring locks into place using special grooves in each plank. These floors aren’t attached to a
subfloor at all. Rather, they stay in place thanks to the pressure of the planks and surrounding walls.
MAINTENANCE:

- Solid hardwood is relatively easy to clean and maintain. Most floors only need sweeping and vacuuming, with
the occasional mopping with a special wood cleaner to treat stains. Just avoid using water or steam to clean
wood floors.

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ENGINEERED WOOD FLOORING:

PICTURES:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:

- Engineered wood flooring is made up of three to twelve layers of ply. These ply layers are cross-layered before
being bonded and pushed together to make a very strong bond. This bonded core board distinguishes engineered
wood flooring from solid wood flooring. In effect, the more layers of ply a board has, generally speaking the
tougher it will be.

SIZES AVAILABLE:

- 10mm to 20mm thick - thicker boards are generally the better option as they are stronger, sound better
underfoot and can be sanded down more times
- A range of widths in engineered flooring, from 90mm to 300mm. You will want to consider the size of your
room.

LIFESPAN:

- Most engineered wood flooring is designed to last a life span of between 20 and 30 years.

TYPES/ SPECIES:
- OAK - HICKORY
- MAPLE - BIRCH
- ACACIA - MAHOGANY

INSTALLATION:

- Nail Down - Nails are used to fasten the wood to the subfloor. This method is often used with thin wood
flooring.

- Staple Down - Staples are used instead of nails to attach the floor to the subfloor. This method is simpler than
the nail down method.
 - Glue Down - Engineered wood floors and parquets can be glued down. The wood is adhered to the subfloor
with a strong adhesive.
- Floating - This is the fastest and easiest method of installation. Floating floors are not attached to any subfloor,
they simply float above it. Either adhesive is applied to the boards to keep them together, or the boards are made
to simply snap together.

MAINTENANCE:

- Engineered wood flooring only needs sweeping and vacuuming to stay clean. Occasionally mopping it with
wood cleaner can help prevent stains and revitalize the top layer.

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LAMINATED FLOORING:

PICTURES:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Laminate flooring is a composite material made of sawdust, wood chips, and other post-consumer wood
products. A wood-grain image is applied over the top of this composite, giving the flooring the appearance of
traditional wood.

Top layer – The AC Overlay

As you will see, the very first layer that you can see is the overlay. It’s clear, so it mightn’t be obvious on first glance,
but it’s always there. It is this clear overlay that determines the AC level of the floor.

Outer Layer – Decorative Paper

This is where most consumers get excited. It is only a piece of paper. Many argue that it is this layer that makes a
laminate floor look great, but the fact is, this part can be as pretty or as ugly as the printer makes it.

Middle Layer– High Density Wood Fiber

The core board of any laminate floor is critical, and the variety we provide at Wood and Beyond has High Density
Wood Fiber at its core. This results in a really excellent underfoot feel as well as a sturdy surface for your floor.

Bottom Layer – Backing layer

The backing layer is a crucial element of the total board construction since it prevents your core board from being
directly exposed to your subfloor. After all of these layers have been fused together, the seams are sealed with a
paraffin coating that protects the floor from moisture.

SIZES AVAILABLE:

Laminate flooring generally comes in planks 4 inches wide or more and about 48 inches long. The thickness of the
plank’s ranges from 6 to 12 mm, depending on the quality of the product.

TYPES/ SPECIES:
- OAK - PINE
- WALNUT - BEECH
- ELM - CHERRY
- TEAK - MERBAU
- HIKORY

INSTALLATION:

 Glue Method: The glue method is the most secure installation method, although it is generally the most time
consumed. With this method, your laminate flooring is glued directly onto the underlay.

 Slide & Click Method: The slide and click method is particularly useful due to its simplicity. With a plank in
place, all you have to do is slide the next plank down until it locks into place.

MAINTENANCE:

- Regular cleaning mixed with due diligence when it comes to spills will keep your floors as good as new.

- Sweep using a broom, microfiber mop or a dry vacuum to pick up loose debris on your floors.
- Clean the laminate floors using a laminate flooring cleaner. This is a treatment designed specifically to keep laminate
flooring looking new for years to come. Most of these solutions fight bacteria, fungi, mold, and mildew, making them
preferable to plain water.

CERAMIC TILES

- Ceramic tiles are manufactured from clay materials that are quarried, prepared, and then formed into a mold.
They can be best characterized as either porcelain or non-porcelain. Porcelain tiles are often extruded and have
fewer impurities than non-porcelain ceramic tiles. Porcelain clays are denser and less porous than ceramic clays,
making porcelain tile harder and more impervious to moisture than ceramic tile. Non-porcelain ceramic tiles
have their advantages too. They're also easier for DIY homeowners to cut if you plan on doing any tiling
yourself.

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:

- Ceramic tiles are commonly composed of clays, silica (milled to a desired particle size) and limestone which are
mixed together with water to produce a slurry, or "slip".

SIZES/THICKNESS

- Ceramic tiles range from 1/4- to 3/8-inch in standard thickness. Most floor tiles have a thickness of
about 1/2 inch to 3/4 inch and can be manufactured in 4 by 4 inches up to 24 by 24 inches.

SIZES:

- 600 X 600 MM - 300 X 600 MM

- 400 X 800 MM - 300 X 450 MM

- 400 X 400 MM - 300 X 300 MM

- 396 X 396 MM - 250 X 375 MM.

- 300 X 1200 MM

TYPES/ SPECIES:

- Glazed ceramic tiles are coated with glass-forming minerals and ceramic stains. Typically, they have a
matte, semi-gloss or high-gloss finish.

- Unglazed ceramic tiles are very hard and dense. They come in various surface treatments and textures.

- Porcelain tiles usually fall in the ceramic tile category and are the hardest and densest tiles available.
Because the color in porcelain tile goes all the way through, they are non-porous, resist scratching and
can withstand temperature extremes.

INSTALLATION:

- Installing ceramic tile over concrete requires repairing all cracks and voids in the concrete prior to the
installation process. Cracks in the concrete eventually will lead to cracks in the tile, because the concrete at the
point of the crack won't be able to support the tile. For cracks less than 1/8 inch, use crack suppression products.
If installing over larger cracks, you must consider removing the concrete section and pouring a new concrete
slab.
MAINTENANCE:

- Ceramic tiles, whether used for as floor tiles or wall tiles, offer great aesthetic value, but all of it will be wasted
if you don’t make it a habit to clean them. It won’t even take much time and effort. Sweep, mop, and wipe—
that’s all there is to it. If you can do this regularly, your interior décor won’t be jeopardized and you can get all
the benefits that ceramic tiles have to offer.

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VINYL PLANK FLOORING:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Vinyl flooring is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), with various compounds added to tailor the material’s
characteristics such as color, flexibility, hardness and sheen.
SIZES AVAILABLE:

- Vinyl flooring planks typically are 48 or 36 inches long. With most planks, the width is about 6 inches, though
some go as much as 7 3/4 inches wide. The rule of thumb is to use 4mm to 6mm thickness in heavily used areas
of the house and 4mm and below for areas like the bedroom.

COLORS:

- Vinyl plank flooring is offered in hundreds of colors and patterns from the major flooring manufacturers. Most
planks seek to mimic hardwood flooring. At a casual glance, vinyl planks can look quite similar to natural wood.

LIFESPAN:
 - Vinyl flooring is highly durable. If installed and maintained correctly, it can last upwards of 10-20 years. That
said, vinyl is a great choice for the rooms in your house that get the most foot traffic. Additionally, most vinyl
flooring has a wear layer on its surface that resists scratches and stains.

INSTALLATION:

- If installing over a concrete subfloor, you’ll want to sand or level any imperfections. That might mean filling in
dips or scars with a self-leveling compound, patching concrete, or thinnest mortar or sanding down bumps in
the concrete. Use your level to check for subfloor imperfections.

MAINTENANCE:

- Simple sweeping daily, and weekly damp mopping with a mild detergent and mop, or with cleaning pads. These
floors should never be steam-cleaned, however. While the flooring itself is impervious to moisture, the pressure of
a steam cleaner can potentially drive moisture down through the seams to the wooden subfloor.

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GRANITE FLOORING:

- Granite is a type of igneous rock that is very dense and hard. It has a grainy type of look and minerals within it
typically appear as small flecks throughout the stone. Granite is highly impervious and once polished, resists
scratching.

PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:

- It is a mixture of quarts and feldspar which is not adversely affected by alkalis and acidic substances. It is hard,
smooth, heavy and durable.

SIZES AVAILABLE:

- Standard size for granite flooring is 3/8 of an inch but you can find tiles that are ½ or even ¾ inch thick. In
order to make the best decision, look at different tiles and consider their weight, price, and thickness.

COLORS:

- Granite Tiles come in a wide variety of colors, types and finishes. These tiles can also be found in a wide range
of size, shape, and pattern.
LIFESPAN:

- Granite Floors Can Last a Lifetime Durability is one of the most attractive aspects of granite. Homeowners who
expect significant foot traffic in certain spaces will do well to install granite flooring. As long as you use the
right granite sealer and cleaner, your granite tiles can last for decades.

INSTALLATION:

- The area that you would be working on must be completely dried and cleaned. Make sure to clear floor
imperfections with waterproof products.
- Get to an area with a 90-degree corner and lay out your granite flooring tiles. Trim the tiles according to your
need. Laying the granite flooring tiles beforehand would let you assess if you need more materials.
- Read the package directions for mixing the thinset. Once this is mixed, get the trowel to apply a thin but even
thinset layer on the subfloor. Get the backerboard in place by screwing down a backerboard screw.
- Create ridges while spreading the thinset that you’ve mixed by angling the trowel to a 45-degree position.
Remember to lay out the thinset in areas that you can cover tiles within 10 to 15 minutes.
- Apply grout to the joints of each tile by using a grout float. Use a damp sponge to clean off any kind of grout
excesses. Leave it to dry for approximately 72 hours.
- Use a penetrating grout sealant to ensure that no moisture or water can get through your granite flooring tiles.

MAINTENANCE:

- Inspect edges and grout

- Immediately wipe spills
- Regular dry-mopping
- Use approved granite cleaners

POLISHED CONCRETE FLOORING:

- Concrete is most commonly used flooring material. It is suitable for any type of construction and is cheaper
than others and durable. Polished concrete flooring is simply a concrete floor that has been treated with a
chemical densifier and ground down with progressively finer grinding tools.

PICTURE:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:

- Cement concrete is composed of cement, aggregates and water. Aggregates are of two types, namely fine
aggregates (sand) and coarse aggregates. The aggregate should be inert (non-reactive) with clean, dense, hard,
sound, durable, and non-absorbent grains capable of developing a good bond with the cement mortar.

COLORS:

- Earth tones that mimic natural materials are the most popular concrete colors among homeowners. But you can
also color concrete blue, orange, green, black or other colors. Plus, many concrete contractors can blend custom
colors exactly to your liking.

LIFEPAN:

- These floors normally remain in service for at least 20 years. They can potentially last far longer with adequate
upkeep, especially if they're in favorable locations and have been installed correctly.

INSTALLATION:

- Cement Concrete mix of 1:3:6 to 1:5:10 or lime concrete with 40% 1:2 lime sand mortar and 60% coarse
aggregate is used as base course. After hardening, 1:2:4 cement concrete mix with 40 mm thick layer is laid as
topping

MAINTENANCE:

- Polished concrete is one of the easiest flooring solutions to take care of, but it isn't maintenance-free. Owners
must clean it using appropriate equipment and supplies. It's also important to avoid spilling harsh chemicals on
the surface. Be sure to quickly patch any cracks that appear. Don't allow water to enter cracks and freeze; this
process may inflict additional damage.
 WALLS:
INTERIOR WOOD PANELLING:

PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:

- Timber paneling creates interiors as warm as they are stylish. Commonly using an MDF or plywood substrate,
internal timber paneling is natural and versatile and comes as either solid natural timber panels or as sheets of
engineered wood products.

SIZES AVAILABLE:

- Available in a size of 1200 or 1350 mm wide and about 1800, 2100, 2400 or 2700mm long. Solid timber
paneling is a natural product that is selected for its color, surface texture and grain. It is available in a number of
profiles, with general thicknesses ranging from 9 to 19mm and cover widths from 65mm to over 140mm.
Narrower boards of approximately 100mm should be favored as they allow movement to be distributed across a
greater number of joints.

COLOR/SPECIES AVAILABLE:

- Solid timber paneling is available in many sizes and profiles and each type of panel will provide a different feel,
look and style. Since, it is made of wood, there are various types, colors and textures of wood to choose from.

LIFESPAN:

- With proper care, wood panels can last for decades. Numerous types of paint, varnishes, and stains can be used
to seal the wood panels and protect them for a long run.

INSTALLATION:

- For a straightforward application, measure up the area, verify the coverage provided per panel, calculate
minimum need, then add 10% for wastage on horizontal and vertical paneling and 15% for diagonal paneling.
- The first step in the installation process is to confirm the framing service is even and to ensure adequate framing
surrounds special fittings, windows, entry and exit points. Recommended maximum tolerance is 3-4mm in a 3m
length, anything larger may require the use of battens and packing to level the surface. Usually, horizontal
paneling can be fixed directly to the studs. Vertical fixing may require extra noggins for nailing.
- Face nailing is a popular, quick and versatile option for both solid and sheet timber paneling. A single nail is
usually adequate for narrow boards. For boards over 100mm wide, two nails are recommended.
- Screw fixing is only recommended for internal paneling when removable access to services within a wall or
ceiling cavity is required. Typically, surface screw heads are visually unappealing and difficult to conceal.
 - Generally adhesive fixing is only suitable for light weight products such as sheet engineered wood products or
thin low density natural timber.

MAINTENANCE:

- For deep cleaning to remove excess build-up and keep walls looking new, use a wood cleaning product with a
light wax. Find the product based on the type of finish of the paneling. You can test products on a small, less
visible area.

GLASS PARTITION:

Glass partitions or glass partition walls are high-quality, non-load-bearing panes of glass that function as room dividers.
They are great for opening up a room and creating open, airy work environments. Partition wall systems are typically
full glass (ceiling to wall) partitions. Aluminum frames or other mounting hardware hold these systems in place.

PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
 - The glass partition is made of tempered glass. Thick glass panels or hollow glass blocks are used to create this
type of wall. Most glass used for partition walls may be made of opaque glass or other adhesive adhesives are
attached to the glass wall to protect privacy. The partition system is mounted in aluminum frames
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- Each glass panel can be made to a width of up to 1100mm and a maximum height of 3300mm with a thickness
ranging from 10-15mm. It can also be custom made into all shapes and sizes.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- Glass partitions has a wide range of surface finishing films such as Frosting films, Photochromatic films,
Printed graphics, Smart glass films, Whiteboard writing film, Color tint film etc.
INSTALLATION:
- The first Glass Partition panel is cut to size and slid through both fixed parts of the floor shoes and into the first
upright post. the panel is jacked up with a floor lifter and the floor plan is slid into position, before lowering the
board onto the assembled shoes. the next upright post is put into position and fixed to the head and base with
fixing brackets. the process is then repeated. If the partition is being used for a wireway, holes will need to be
punched or drilled at the foot of the upright post for cables, which can run under the floor pans.
MAINTENANCE:
- For the maintenance of glass partitions, pay attention to protect the partitions when installing them, and fix them
firmly to prevent the partitions from being scratched during the construction process. Handle them with care
when transporting the glass partitions and do not damage them. In daily use, keep the glass partition clean and
tidy.

BRICKS:
PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- After undergoing many procedures, clay or other appropriate soil is molded to the proper shape for the
production of bricks. It should not shrink after drying and no cracks should form. The clay used to make bricks
is primarily composed of silica and alumina combined in such a way that when water is added to it, the clay
becomes pliable. It also contains trace amounts of lime, iron, manganese, sulfur, and other elements.

SIZE/THICKNESS:
- The standard imperial size is 222mm long x 106mm wide x 73mm high with a mass of between 3.0kg and
3.5kg. However, every manufacturer can offer and range of sizes and dimensions to suit different applications.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- First Class Brick: The size is standard. The color of these bricks is uniform yellow or red. It is well burnt,
regular texture, uniform shape. It doesn’t have efflorescence.
- Second Class Brick: The size is standard; color is uniform yellow or red. It is well burnt, slightly over burnt is
acceptable. It has a regular shape; efflorescence is not appreciable.
- Third Class Brick: The shape and size are not regular. The color is soft and light red colored. It is under burnt,
slightly over burnt is acceptable. It has extensive efflorescence.
INSTALLATION:
- There is no need to use the 6 ft level and plumb each curse. You just simply have to line up the top corner of
your bricks to the string and it will provide you with an accurate guideline for each and every curse.
- Occasionally step back a few feet from the brick column and check on the outcome. See if your joints are
equally sized and if the bricks are perfectly level on each course.
It is important to keep the wall and the bricks free from mortar.
It will save you a lot of cleaning time and the result will be a much more professional one.
- As you go along with the installation of the bricks you have to do some minor touch ups, such us filling up or
tuck-pointing the joints with mortar. (The same mortar you have used for laying the bricks but perhaps in a little
thicker consistency.) Don’t let the mortar get too dry. Try to do the tooling as you go up, after finishing every 4-
5 courses.
LIFESPAN:
- Under the right circumstances clay bricks have the potential to remain serviceable up to 650 years.
MAINTENANCE:
- Inspect the mortar. Mortar is less durable than brick and is more susceptible to physical stresses. Mortar acts as
glue for the bricks and can cause them to come loose from place to place. Even though mortar can be repaired,
severe damage may require a professional to repair the entire section.
- In cleaning bricks. A convenient method to eliminate mold is to use a hard-bristled brush and a mixture of water
and bleach. Use gloves, masks, and safety goggles to ensure you don't damage your bricks.
- Some types of vegetation might settle into all the crevices of brick walls. With time, these roots might expand
and tear the mortar from the bricks. The issue could worsen if you don't treat it as once the roots start to chip
away the mortar, it might provide easy access to water.

HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS:

PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- The concrete hollow blocks are made out of mixture of cement, sand and stone chips. It reduces cement in
masonry work and reduced the cost of construction.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- The standard size of concrete hollow blocks in the Philippines is the 40cm x 20cm x 10cm (4”), the 40cm x
20cm x 12.5cm (5”) and the 40cm x 20cm x 15cm (6”) blocks. The 40cm x 20cm x 15cm (6”) blocks are highly
recommended for use in load bearing walls, with a minimum compressive strength of 800psi for individual
CHBs and 1000psi for an average gross area of 5 units of CHB.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- According to its size deviation, the appearance quality is divided into: excellent products (A), first-class
products (B), qualified products (C).
- According to its intensity level: MU3.5, MU5.0, MU7.5, MU10.0, MU15.0, MU20.0
INSTALLATION:

- Lay your first four courses of concrete block wall. On the fourth course, trowel a skim (very thin) coat of mortar
on the block.
- Lay a run of masonry lathe down the entire course of the wall.
- Drop rebar rods into every other cell of the hollow block.
- Drop an extra vertical bar in the cell of the hollow blocks located next to any door or window opening.
- Fill each cell with fill mortar. (Fill mortar is a specific mix of Portland cement designed for vertical pours in
block walls.)
- When the fill mortar has cured, lay your next four courses on top of the one you just poured and repeat Steps 1
through 6.
LIFESPAN:
- Concrete is a durable material that can last a lifetime. The term durability means that something can last for a
long period of time without significantly deteriorating. With a durable material such as concrete, the
environment is conserved as well as waste reduced. Concrete is able to resist weathering, chemicals, and
abrasion if installed correctly as well as maintained in the right way.
CHARACTERISTICS:
- Concrete hollow blocks have several characteristics, such as light weight, fire prevention, sound insulation, heat
preservation, impermeability, earthquake resistance, and durability, and are pollution-free, energy-saving and
consumption-reducing.
MAINTENANCE:
- Ensure that the CHB followed the required processes for combining the elements and observed the proper
element ratios. It is recommended that the block be tested for durability and strength after curing. Drop testing
is possible; if the block readily breaks on contact, it indicates that the CHB was not correctly manufactured.
When you have a problem, contact the manufacturer.

DRYWALL SHEET:
PICTURES:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- The primary component of drywall is the mineral gypsum. It is a light-density rock found in plentiful deposits
worldwide. Each molecule of gypsum (or dihydrous calcium sulfate) is composed of two molecules of water (H
2 0) and one of calcium sulfate (CaSO 4). By weight the compound is 21% water, but by volume it is nearly
50% water.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- The length and width of drywall sheets usually come in 4x. The most common ones include 4-foot by 8-foot, 4-
foot by 12-foot, and 4-foot by 16-foot sheets.
- Drywall comes in 3/8″, 1/2″ and 5/8″ thicknesses or in metric 6, 9.5, or 12.7mm. Standard US drywall is 1/2″
(12.7mm) thick
COLOR/SPECIES:
- Lightweight Drywall - Abuse Resistant Drywall
- Fire Resistant Drywall - Sound Dampening Drywall
- Moisture/Mold Resistant Drywall - Exterior Drywall
INSTALLATION:
- The preferred method is using special drywall screws. Nails must be installed with a pressurized nail gun, they
separate from the wall over time, and they can be difficult to install correctly. Drywall screws can be installed
with a power screwdriver, provide a better connection, and are easier to install.
- A wall stud is a wood or steel frame used to create a wall in a structure. Drywall is secured to the stud, which
may in turn be attached to a concrete wall, or be.
- Lift the drywall sheet up to the surface and use a power drill and drywall screws to attach the sheet to the stud.
It is best to attach the sheets horizontally to the wall.
LIFESPAN:
- Drywall, also commonly referred to as sheetrock, has a lifespan of 70 years when all conditions are perfect.
CHARACTERISTICS:
 - Drywall is a construction material consisting of thin panels of gypsum board. The board is composed of a layer
of gypsum rock sandwiched between two layers of special paper. Drywall makes for a much more efficient
method of construction than the common earlier technique of applying wet plaster to a gypsum lath.
- In addition to being easy to install, drywall provides a measure of fire protection to buildings. Gypsum contains
large amounts of water bound in crystalline form. When exposed to fire, the water in the gypsum board
vaporizes.
MAINTENANCE:
- Leaks are a common occurrence in homes. make sure you keep your eyes peeled for water leaks in your home.
And when you detect one, get it fixed immediately.
- Be sure to clean the stain using a duster or vacuum. If the blemish stays on, use a damp cellulose sponge to wipe
it off. You can also use a mild soap solution to clean any of the stubborn stains.
- Don’t ignore the holes in your drywall and fix them up by applying a concealing drywall compound. If you
don’t know how to do it, consult a drywall repair expert to help you with the job.

CONCRETE BOARD:
PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Cement and particle board or cement and plant fibers. The cement in the mixture acts as a binder which holds
the other materials. The particleboard or fibers act as reinforcement for the structure, providing the cement
board with greater strength, durability and just a little flexibility.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- Typical sizes are 4 ft by 8 ft by ¼ inch to ½ inch thick.
INSTALLATION:
- Measure and cut your sheets to size with a masonry blade or grinder.
- Allow a slight gap of approximately 1/8 inch between cement boards to account for expansion.
- When installing cement board above a bath, leave at least a ¼ inch gap between the tub and cement board to
prevent the wicking of moisture.
- Once all the boards are screwed to the framing, fill the joints with water resistant material. This is also typically
sold by the cement board.
- Once the cement boards are all installed and water tight, you’re ready to start tiling.
LIFESPAN:
- Fiber cement siding typically lasts up to 50 years if it is properly installed and well maintained.
CHARACTERISTICS:
 - Concrete sheeting (or blue board) is a durable, water resistant alternative to plasterboard.
- Its strength and moisture resistance makes it a good building material for outdoors.
- The primary use of cement board is as a backer for tile, brick and stone.
MAINTENANCE:
- Wash down the exterior surfaces every 6 to 12 months with a garden hose to remove dirt and debris, gently
clean your siding with a soft brush or wet soft cloth
- A low-pressure water spray and a soft medium bristle (non-metal) siding cleaning brush is most suitable for
cleaning fiber cement products.

TILES:
PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Often made of ceramic, typically glazed for internal uses and unglazed for roofing, but other materials are also
commonly used, such as glass, cork, concrete and other composite materials, and stone.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- There's no single ceramic tile standard thickness for wall and floor - different types of tiles for different
purposes are likely to be different thicknesses. Most floor tiles have a thickness of about 1/2 inch to 3/4
inch and can be manufactured in 4 by 4 inches up to 24 by 24 inches.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- Come in a variety of shapes, colors and sizes
INSTALLATION:
- The installation of tiles requires a clean, dry surface that is as flat as possible. Typically, work begins at the
center of the surface. The tiles are dry fitted to ensure that the pattern and layout is suitable. If tiling a wall,
masking tape is used to keep the tiles in place while dry fitting, while the ceiling tile layout can be traced with a
pencil. Once the desired look is achieved, the start of the grid is marked out with pencil. Either mortar or tile
adhesive can be used to fix the tiles into place. If mortar is chosen, only small batches should be mixed at a time
so that it doesn't dry out. The mortar or adhesive is then applied to a notched trowel and spread on the wall.
Again, small amounts are better as you don’t want the mortar to dry before the tiles can be attached.
CHARACTERISTICS:
 - Tiles are also highly decorative and can be used to create feature walls or to disguise damaged or ugly interiors.
- to help with acoustics and soundproofing.
- most common uses for interior tiles are in wet rooms such as bathrooms, laundries and kitchens, where tiles are
often applied to floors and walls to protect them from moisture.
MAINTENANCE:
- Hard tiles are quite brittle and can crack and break quite easily. Ensure you keep some extra tiles in case you
need to replace some. Soft tiles may need their adhesive reapplied occasionally. They are also likely to trap dirt
and dust more than hard wall and ceiling finishes.

CEILING:
GYPSUM BOARD
PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- It is made of gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate), paper, and additives such as mica, clay, and resin.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- They come in 48- and 54-inch-wide sheets and in lengths of 8, 10, or 12 feet, thickness is 15 mm.
COLOR/SPECIES
- Gypsum is naturally available in colors of white, yellow, red, brown, and grey. Gypsum boards can have
laminate, wallpaper, and texture finishing.
INSTALLATION:
- Use your tape measure to measure the ceiling by using a wall that is perpendicular to the joists.
- Take your razor knife and shorten a piece of gypsum board to this exact length. Use the T-square whilst scoring
the length of gypsum board in order to ensure that your cut is completely straight
- Take your screw gun and fix drywall screws into the edges of the board every six inches, making sure that you
only do this when underneath a joist or it will not hold properly.
- Next, smother the seams between the gypsum boards with your drywall tape. Then spread with joining
compound using your drywall knife. Feel free to use joining compound to cover sunken screw holes.
- Use your drywall sandpaper to smooth over all of the dried joining compound. A second layer of compound
must then be added, following the same technique before applying an extremely thin third layer. After this has
been dried and sanded, you can begin painting your new gypsum board ceiling.
CHARACTERISTICS:
 - The gypsum boards are versatile, which allows designers to conveniently design them.
- Several shapes and styles are commonly used like plain, pelmets, stepped, curved, and drop.
- The gypsum boards are strengthened with glass fibers to make them a very good insulator.
- It allows combat fire by releasing water when there is fire. The boards are cool and convert steam into water.
MAINTENANCE:
- Gypsum board false ceiling can easily be maintained like any other plastered surface. No special maintenance is
required. For any dust accumulation it can be cleaned with broom or a smooth rug, just like other interiors of
your house.

WOOD CEILING PLANKS:

PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Made from the named species such as maple, walnut, oak and cherry. Solid flooring comes from a solid piece of
milled wood. Planks are solid all the way through.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
-Wood planks are 3/4 inch thick, 2 1/4 inches wide, and sold in various lengths from 12 to 84 inches. Other
thicknesses and widths are also available.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- OAK - HICKORY
- MAPLE - BIRCH
- ACACIA - MAHOGANY
INSTALLATION:
- V-groove wood ceiling planks will need to be installed directly on top of the ceiling joists as the material will
need cross ventilation above it. Pre drill a hole on a 45-degree angle where the tongue and the face meet; you
will see a slight v-groove in this corner. Then, on that same 45-degree angle, drive a trim head screw through
the pre drilled hole, through the ceiling plank into the joist. We carry a large variety of stainless-steel trim head
screws that are perfect for this application. The trim head screws are required because the head will sink into the
corner where the v-groove is. This sinking action will allow the next ceiling plank to slide into place and will
perfectly conceal the previously installed screw head.
CHARACTERISTICS:
 -The material is durable. The tree is resistant to negative external influences. Therefore, with proper care, this
design will last for decades.
- The original wooden ceiling is environmentally friendly. The same applies to special impregnations for wood.
MAINTENANCE:
- Dust walls periodically from ceiling to floor with a soft cloth or the vacuum cleaner brush.
- Quickly wipe up any moisture from the wall/ceilings to protect wood from excess liquids.
- Keep the relative humidity level between 35-55% for your health as well as for your wood paneling and wood
furnishings.
- Your walls/ceilings should be protected from sunlight and intense artificial lighting to reduce discoloration.

PVC CEILING PANEL:

PICTURES:

MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- PVC stands for Polyvinyl Chloride, a form of plastic polymer, which is available in the form of sheets. These
are cut and designed into required shapes and sizes and then installed into a wooden or metal framework,
suspended from the main roof.
SIZE/THICKNESS
- Standard lengths: 1,2 m - 2,6 m en 4 m
- Width: 100mm,150mm,200mm,250mm,300mm. Thickness: 6mm,7mm,7.5mm,8mm,9mm,10mm,12mm.
- The length is cut as per customer requirement.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- PVC ceiling panels come in various shapes, designs, colors, and lengths. The PVC false ceiling panels have a
hollow core and a shiny, smooth exterior.
INSTALLATION:
- Standard drop or suspended ceiling grids
- Direct mount ceiling grids (which is a grid system that is attached to the framing of the ceiling and does not
drop down)
 - Glued right onto the ceiling surface
MAINTENANCE:
- PVC false ceilings are easy to maintain and do not require any paint or varnish for maintenance. PVC ceiling
panels can be gently wiped with a damp cloth and a mild detergent. Avoid using a harsh brush on it. One can
also vacuum the ceiling. PVC is mildew and mold-proof.
FIBERGLASS TILE CEILING:
PICTURES:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Fiberglass ceiling tiles are typically made from glass fibers encased in polymers
- Made with the core of non-woven Fiberglass or Glass wool mesh that are completely encapsulated either with
square edge or Tegular edge.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- Size:595*595mm,600*600mm 600*1200mm
- Thickness:12mm,15mm,20mm,25mm
INSTALLATION:
- The fiberglass ceiling has three installation methods: open frame, concealed frame and downgrade. The
construction is very convenient and fast, and the site is relatively clean.
- Measure the length and width of the ceiling, and arrange symmetrically from the center of the ceiling to the
sides of the ceiling according to the width of the glass fiber decorative acoustic ceiling.
- Install light steel or aluminum alloy keel according to the arrangement of sound absorbing panels.
- Pass the fiberglass ceiling diagonally through the installation keel, and then let go.
CHARACTERISTICS:
- This is also one of the best insulation material available both in terms of Thermal insulation and the Acoustic
insulation
- The unique characteristics of such compositions provide for reliable stiffness and strength in tension and
compression forces.
- These affordable installations are lightweight and can be affixed to the ceiling without reducing room space.
MAINTENANCE:
- Remove any loose dirt or dust by either gently brushing or using a vacuum cleaner with the appropriate
attachments. Only clean in one direction, so as to avoid rubbing dust into the surface. You may also clean using
a lightly-dampened cloth or sponge.

ACCOUSTIC CEILING PANELS:

PICTURES:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Acoustic ceilings are made from different materials. Most are manufactured from mineral fiber, a combination
of materials ranging from clay, mineral fibers, perlite, and recycled newsprint.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- The acoustic ceiling tile with the size of 24 by 24 inches or 60.96 by 60.96 centimeters is often used in this sort
of environment, as is the larger one with the size of 24 by 48 inches or 60.69 by 121.92 centimeters.
- Acoustic ceiling tiles have the same thickness as regular dropped ceiling tiles, measuring 5/8 inch or 0.625 inch
or 15.88 millimeters thick.
COLOR/SPECIES:
 - Dropped or acoustic ceiling is the more common type. It typically comprises tiles (either 2×2 feet or 2×4 feet)
dropped into an interlocking metal grid and suspended from the ceiling.
INSTALLATION:
- Measure the dimensions of the room and draw a scale
- Select the Lighting Spots
- Install the wall angles, nail the wall angles to the studs. Make sure the wall angle is on the level line of that is
drawn on the wall
- In case of light installations, install the wires before installing the tiles.
- Install the Suspension Wires
- Install the Tees.
- Install the Ceiling Tiles
CHARACTERISTICS:
- Also known as a lay-in ceiling, it can dampen ambient noise, lower energy consumption, and help add a
contemporary look to any room.
- Glued ceilings are tiles that are directly glued onto the ceiling. These are tiles usually 1×1 foot in size. Both
acoustic ceiling types offer soundproofing capabilities and cover up existing damage.
MAINTENANCE:
- Acoustic ceiling tiles can spruce a room and dampen unwanted noise from your surroundings. Unfortunately,
the ceiling can get dirty, dusty or stained. This can hugely affect the appearance of your ceiling negatively. Let's
face it; a dirty or dusty ceiling can look dingy, less aesthetically appealing and it wouldn't be something you
want to see in your home.

- Cleaning you acoustic ceiling tiles regularly can actually make them last longer, maintain a healthier air
circulation system and most importantly, perform better in soundproofing.

ALUMINUM CEILING TILES:

PICTURES:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- The material of custom-made aluminum ceiling is mainly aluminum alloy sheet. Common materials include
AA3000 series aluminum-manganese alloy and AA5000 series aluminum-magnesium alloy.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- Standard sizes can be 600*600mm, 600*1200mm, 300*300mm, 300*600mm, 300*1200mm, etc.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- Aluminum veneer ceiling
- Aluminum honeycomb sheet ceiling
- Standard square ceiling
- Hanging ceiling etc.
INSTALLATION:
- The installation uses a hollow steel frame mounted with rivets or screws. For the aluminum panel joints are
used sealant. While installing hollow frames on concrete using dynabolt.
CHARACTERITICS:
- This ceiling is beautiful, lightweight, and fire-resistant. Also, aluminum does not rust even though not painted
because it has colored.
- Aluminum ceilings materials commonly used for meeting rooms, terraces, and lobby areas. Aluminum ceiling
panels or aluminum bars that are customized will produce an exclusive impression.
MAINTENANCE:
- Wash the aluminum, using a soft rag and the soapy water mixture. Use the second soft rag to rinse the washed
area with warm water from the second bucket. Remove all the soapy residue with the clear water and rag. Use
the towel to dry the surface that has been washed and rinsed.
FIBER CEMENT BOARD/ GRC BOARDS:
PICTURES:
MATERIAL COMPOSITION:
- Fiber cement ceiling boards encompass a combination of cement, quartz, sand and reinforcing fibers.
SIZE/THICKNESS:
- GRC board size for the cover is 60 cm x 120 cm and 122 cm x 244 cm with a standard thickness of 4 mm.
COLOR/SPECIES:
- Pattern Ceiling Board
- Basso-relievo Ceiling Board
- Empaistic Ceiling Board
- Sound-absorbing Ceiling Board
INSTALLATION:
- The ceiling frame used can be 4/6 or 5/7 rafters. There are also people using hollow as a ceiling frame. Hollow
iron is an alternative that can use because the wood price is increasingly high today. The size of the hollow iron
that s often used is 4 cm x 4 cm.
- How to install the GRC board on the ceiling rafter is by nailed. Meanwhile, the installation of GRC boards on
hollow steel frames is screwed or riveted.

CHARACTERISTICS:
- Fiber cement is fire resistant and incredibly durable against all weather conditions. These boards won’t bend,
rot, or swell and can, therefore, be used for both interior and exterior applications.
MAINTENANCE:
- A low-pressure water spray and a soft medium bristle (non-metal) siding cleaning brush is most suitable for
cleaning fiber cement products.
- Repainting is part of the long-term maintenance requirements for fiber cement boards. Knowing how to
maintain fiber cement board properly involves periodic repainting when needed. While a paint job on fiber
cement board lasts longer than wood, generally between 7-10 years, it will eventually need to be redone.