Fundamentals of

Project Management&
Entrepreneurship
Chapter 1 :-
The definition and nature of Project
Management

Under the supervision of Dr. Elsayed Maher Khalaf

Instructor in the Department of Business Administration
Faculty of Commerce
University of Sadat City
(2023)
Prepared by Khloud Khalifa
What is the Project Management and Entrepreneurship?
Introduction:-

1- The concept and characteristics of the project.

2- The concept of project management.
3- The basic activities of project management.
4- The reasons for the failure of the project and
how to get the project back on track again.
5- How to become a good project manager?
 3- Basic Project Management Activities:

The basic activities of project management are:

(1)Alignment with business strategy:
The selection of projects and programs depends solely on the extent to
which they support the realization of the business strategy and contribute to
its growth.

(2)Resource Management:
The needs of the current commitments of resources must be clear and
known, as well as the possibilities for carrying out other work in new
projects.
(3)Financial Management:
Adequate funding must be provided to meet the budget needs of all
current projects from resources.
But if you do not know the cost of the projects, the work cannot
develop an appropriate plan for the cash surplus and prepare for the
project’s future needs, and this can lead to the cancellation of other
projects.

(4)Investment Portfolio Management:

Maintaining a clear and approved list of current projects and projects
awaiting implementation is essential so that all employees realize the
importance and priority of the projects on the list.
(5)Future Planning:
Choosing projects requires the company to carry out future planning.
Using appropriate information from the labor market and customers.
And future planning avoids the company from making biased decisions
and losing focus on areas of business growth potential and missed
opportunities.
In every project, regardless of the owner of the idea or
work, we need:

1- A person who needs to realize the benefits - the top management of

the company.
2- A person who wants to use, influence, or be affected by the results - the
customer and the stakeholders.
3- A person responsible for realizing the benefits - the project supervisor.
4- Person responsible for the work of the project - the project manager.
5- Persons responsible for the project work - the project team.
6- Persons engaged in supplying the project with resources - Executive
Directors.
 The roles of the primary officials in project
management can be clarified as follows:
(1)Project Program Steering Team:
This team consists of department managers who are project supervisors,
and they meet at specific times to review the status of all current projects
of the company, the project program steering team is considered essential.

This team's responsibilities include:

1- Managing the entire investment portfolio of projects.
2- Ensure that projects are in line with business strategy and objectives
within the company.
3- Giving strategic directions with future plans in mind.
4- Maintaining customer focus and balancing business needs.
(2)Project Supervisor:
The project supervisor is often a management manager and is
responsible (in front of the project program steering team) for the
overall performance of the projects in order to achieve the expected
results for the company.
And for this the project supervisor must explicitly abide by his
responsibilities and show his interest in achieving the success of the
projects.
His responsibilities include:
1- Ensure that project objectives always align with business needs.
2- Choosing a Project Manager
3- Certification of the project definition
4- Maintaining project direction
5- Ensure that implementation priorities for all projects are
maintained.
(3)Project work team:
The project team is responsible for completing the work on time
according to the project's plan and schedule. Depending on the
decision of the project manager.
Any member of the team can become responsible for a group of
work, a sub-project team leader.

(4)Project Manager:
The project manager is the person who is appointed by the executing
organization to achieve the project objectives.
The role of the project manager differs from the role of the
operations manager.
The project manager's responsibilities include:
providing appropriate guidance to the team, coordination,
performance monitoring, and managing the three main project
foundations: "scope", "time", and "cost", in order to ensure quality.

Managing the three main pillars of the project

 The reasons for the failure of the project and how to
get the project back on track again
There are many reasons for the failure of the project, including the
following:
1- Failing to Involve All Primary Beneficiaries in the Project: Failing to
identify, or in an effective manner.
2- Vague goals: The lack of specific goals to determine whether or not you
have achieved the desired results from the project.
3- Ambiguity or lack of defining roles and responsibilities.
4- Incomplete accuracy of schedule and resource estimates required.
5- Not participating in or defining the basic assumptions of the project.
6- Not writing basic information: sharing information and reaching
agreements orally and not confirming them in writing.
7- Inaccurate monitoring of workflow.
8- Lack of control over the individuals responsible for
implementation.
9- Not anticipating and planning for risks.
10- Weak team leadership.
 To be successful in the project, you must deal
effectively with the following:

1. People: team members, company management personnel, and

people who will support or be affected by the project.
2. Operations: planning, organizing, monitoring and supervising
work and making decisions to resolve disputes.
3. Systems: procedures and sources of information that affect how
project activities are implemented and how associated resources are
allocated and monitored.
 The steps to get the project back on track again are as
follows:
1. Determining the cause of the project’s decline:
The first step that you take to solve a problem is to first understand the
nature of the problem itself.
2. Re-Verification of Primary Employers:
Identify the people who will fully benefit from the project, as well as the
people who wanted to implement the project from the start.
3. Re-checking Project Objectives:
Reconfirm the project objectives with the project owners.
4. Re-checking the possibility of performing the remaining activities:
You must work with the business team to re-check, modify, and delete
originally defined tasks or add new tasks as needed
5. Re-validation of roles and responsibilities:
Working with team members shows you the employee roles and
responsibilities needed for the remaining project tasks.
8. Develop a Risk Remediation Plan:
You will now have great opportunities of additional project tasks to
be carried out.
9. Holding the starting session in the middle of the session:
You can motivate the team and revitalize the company's interest in
the new.
10.Monitor and control performance closely in relation to the
rest of the project.
 How to become a good project manager?
Successful project management depends not only on what you do,
but also on how you perform the task at hand:-
(1) Be a responsible person.
(2) How many people can do anything.
(3) Do not make assumptions.
(4) Be clear and specific.
(5) See people as your collaborators and not your enemies.
(6) Respect for others.
(7) Think More.
(8) Consider the details.
(9) Advertisement of Good Performance.
(10) Be a manager and a leader.
 True or False Questions

1- The basic activities of project management are; Alignment with

business strategy, Resource Management, Financial Management,
Investment Portfolio Management, and Future Planning.
Answer: True

2- The basic activities of project management are; Alignment with

business strategy is The selection of projects and programs depends
solely on the extent to which they not support the realization of the
business strategy and contribute to its growth.
Answer: False
3- The basic activities of project management are;
Alignment with business strategy is The selection of
projects and programs depends solely on the extent to
which they support the realization of the business strategy
and contribute to its growth.
Answer: True

4- The basic activities of project management are;

Alignment with business strategy, Resource Management,
Financial Management, and Future Planning.
Answer: True
5- The basic activities of project management are; Alignment
with business strategy, Financial Management, Investment
Portfolio Management, and Future Planning only.
Answer: False

6- The basic activities of project management are; Resource

Management is The needs of the current commitments of
resources mustn`t be clear and known, as well as the possibilities
for carrying out other work in new projects.
Answer: False
7- The basic activities of project management are; Resource
Management is The needs of the current commitments of resources
must be clear and known, as well as the possibilities for carrying out
other work in new projects
Answer: True

8- The basic activities of project management are; Alignment with

business strategy, is The needs of the current commitments of
resources must be clear and known, as well as the possibilities for
carrying out other work in new projects
Answer: False
9- The basic activities of project management are; Financial
Management is adequate funding must be provided to meet the
budget needs of all current projects from resources.
Answer: True

10- The basic activities of project management are; Financial

Management is Adequate funding but if you do not know the cost
of the projects, the work cannot develop an appropriate plan for the
cash surplus and prepare for the project’s future needs, and this can
lead to the cancellation of other projects.
Answer: True
 11- The basic activities of project management are; Financial
Management isn`t adequate funding must be provided to meet the
budget needs of all current projects from resources.
Answer: False

12- The basic activities of project management are; Alignment with

business strategy is adequate funding must be provided to meet the
budget needs of all current projects from resources.
Answer: False
13- The basic activities of project management are; Financial
Management is Adequate funding but if you do not know the cost of
the projects, the work cannot develop an appropriate plan for the
cash surplus and prepare for the project’s future needs, and this can
lead to the completion of other projects.
Answer: False

14-The basic activities of project management are; Investment

Portfolio Management: Maintaining a clear and approved list of
current projects and projects awaiting implementation is essential so
that all employees realize the importance and priority of the projects
on the list.
Answer: True
16- The basic activities of project management are; Future
Planning: is Choosing projects requires the company to
carry out future planning.
Answer: True

17- The basic activities of project management are; Future

Planning is using appropriate information from the labor
market and customers, and future planning avoids the
company from making biased decisions and losing focus
on areas of business growth potential and missed
opportunities.
Answer: True
18- A person who needs to realize the benefits - the customer
and the stakeholders.
Answer: False

19- A person who wants to use, influence, or be affected by

the results - the top management of the company.
Answer: False
20- A person who needs to realize the benefits - the top
management of the company.
Answer: True

21- A person who wants to use, influence, or be affected by the

results – the customer and the stakeholders.
Answer: True
22- Person responsible for the work of the project - the project
manager.
Answer: True

23- The project supervisor is often a management manager and is

responsible (in front of the project program steering team) for the
overall performance of the projects in order to achieve the expected
results for the company.
Answer: True
24- This the project supervisor must explicitly abide by his
responsibilities and show his interest in achieving the success of the
projects.
Answer: True

25- The project team is responsible for completing the work on time
according to the project's plan and schedule.
Answer: True
26- The project manager is the person who is appointed by the
executing organization to achieve the project objectives.
Answer: True

27- The role of the project manager differs from the role of the
operations manager.
Answer: True
28- The project manager's responsibilities include: providing
appropriate guidance to the team, coordination, performance
monitoring, and managing the three main project foundations:
"scope", "time", and "cost", in order to ensure quality.
Answer: True

29- The project manager's responsibilities include: providing

appropriate guidance to the team, and managing the three main
project foundations only: "scope", "time", and "cost", in order to
ensure quality.
Answer: False
30- There are many reasons for the failure of the project, including
failing to Involve All Primary Beneficiaries in the Project: Failing to
identify, or in an effective manner.
Answer: True

31- There are many reasons for the failure of the project, including
Ambiguity or lack of defining roles and responsibilities, and
Incomplete accuracy of schedule and resource estimates required.
Answer: True
32- To be successful in the project, you must deal effectively with
the following: People, Operations, and Systems.
Answer: True

33- The steps to get the project back on track again are Determining
the cause of the project’s decline, and Re-Verification of Primary
Employers.
Answer: True
 Multiple choice Questions

1- The basic activities of project management are:

Alignment with business strategy;
A) The selection of projects and programs depends solely
on the extent to which they support the realization of
the business strategy and contribute to its growth.
B) Adequate funding must be provided to meet the budget
needs of all current projects from resources.
C) The needs of the current commitments of resources
must be clear and known, as well as the possibilities
for carrying out other work in new projects.
D) Choosing projects requires the company to carry out
future planning
Answer: A
2- The basic activities of project management are: Resource
Management;
A) The selection of projects and programs depends solely on
the extent to which they support the realization of the business
strategy and contribute to its growth.
B) Adequate funding must be provided to meet the budget
needs of all current projects from resources.
C) The needs of the current commitments of resources must be
clear and known, as well as the possibilities for carrying out
other work in new projects.
D) Choosing projects requires the company to carry out future
planning
Answer: C
3- ………………. is often a management manager and is
responsible (in front of the project program steering team) for
the overall performance of the projects in order to achieve the
expected results for the company.
A) The project supervisor
B) Project Program Steering Team
C) The project manager
D) The project

Answer: A
4- A person who needs to realize the benefits;
A) the top management of the company.
B) the project supervisor.
C) the project manager
D) The project team

Answer: A
5- There are many reasons for the failure of the project,
including the following:
A) Failing to Involve All Primary Beneficiaries in the
Project.
B) The increase of specific goals to determine whether or you
have achieved the desired results from the project.
C) Defining roles and responsibility.
D) Increase to Involve All Primary Beneficiaries
Answer: A
Thank You For listening