EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

Protecting biodiversity also conserves productivity and the provision of the benefits of
nature to humans. Recent work shows that maximizing the amount of evolutionary history saved
improves human wellbeing by capturing more benefits, like material resources, food, fuel and
medicine.

DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY WITH AN EXPERT END PERFORMANCE

In this chapter addresses the issue of whether it is really necessary to attribute unique
capacities to particular individuals. It also examines the possibility that their creative
achievements can be explained by factors based on cultural conditions, environmental factors,
and acquired skills. The other basic strand is training and experience, and these are addressed
by this chapter. In a number of domains, it has been shown that elite performers have engaged
in substantially more deliberate practice than their less competent peers, and have frequently
begun to work at their skills from an earlier age. The chapter attempts something even more
difficult here, by evaluating the development of expert performance in an historical record. The
chosen field is music, particularly piano playing. The chapter uses an innovative method of
comparing keyboard virtuosi of different eras, from. S. Bach to the present time. The analyses
suggest that the acquisition of instrumental performance skills has accelerated over the past
250 years. At the highest levels, the musical prodigies of the twentieth century have obtained
levels of expertise at much earlier ages than did the prodigies of the past.
SET OF CORE OPERATIONS
It means the various core utility operations SRE conducts on behalf of its Members,
including but not limited to joint and economical dispatch of the combined generation resources
of its Members to optimally serve the native load of each, marketing and selling to third parties
the excess generation of its Members not used to serve Members' native load customers, and
purchase and brokering of energy from third parties for least cost supply to its Members to serve
their native load customers, and related services as are performed by SRE.
PRODIGIES, SAVANTS AND EXCEPTIONAL INDIVIDUAL
n this chapter, we discuss prodigies and savants. A chapter on intelligence in prodigies
and savants would at first glance appear to be straightforward: Prodigies may be examples of
extreme high intelligence, while savants may be examples of extreme low intelligence. On this
interpretation, prodigies are children able to perform at amazingly proficient levels in very
demanding fields because of their exceptionally high IQs. Savants are suppressed in their
performance in all but a single area because of a general deficiency in IQ. Although
straightforward, this way of looking at savants and prodigies is limited. For neither savants nor
prodigies does the IQ distribution account for the very specific areas of performance that mark
them. IQ is a broad index of general intellectual ability to deal with logic, reflection, reason, and
abstract concepts, while the prodigy and the savant are marked by their remarkable capabilities
in very specific domains like music or memory. In an earlier publication on savants and
prodigies, we reviewed what was known about these two extreme kinds of cases in order to
reconsider the issue of general versus specific intelligence. In this chapter, we will continue this
theme but will do so in the context of more recent work. Because prodigies and savants have
rarely been studied together, we will review each literature separately, attempting to provide a
current summary of what is known and understood about each of the two sets of manifestations
of extreme behavior. For example, prodigies appear in a wider array of fields than savants, and
there are some areas where the two do not overlap; there are no calendar prodigies and there
are no savants in chess. After the summary of each research field of inquiry, we will attempt to
provide a view of prodigies and of savants as distinctive and remarkable manifestations of
diversity in human intellectual functioning. We will also attempt to provide a framework for joint
study of the two phenomena that may shed light on each as well as on their possible
relationships to each other. We will make suggestions for particularly promising areas of future
research and conclude with a proposed resolution to the long-standing issue of general versus
specific forms of intelligence. Before turning to the task at hand, we should note that the two
subfields of research that deal with savants and prodigies are different in several ways, and that
these differences influence how much is known and how confident we can be in research
findings to date.
ISOLATION AS A BRAIN FUNCTIONS
Absence of human contact is associated with declines in cognitive function. But as the
COVID-19 pandemic brings concerns about the potential harms of isolation to the fore,
researchers are still hunting for concrete evidence of a causal role as well as possible
mechanisms.
HOWARD GARDENER
According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, humans have several different
ways of processing information, and these ways are relatively independent of one another. The
theory is a critique of the standard intelligence theory, which emphasizes the correlation among
abilities, as well as traditional measures like IQ tests that typically only account for linguistic,
logical, and spatial abilities. Since 1999, Gardner has identified eight intelligences: linguistic,
logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and
naturalistic.[12] Gardner and colleagues have also considered two additional intelligences,
existential and pedagogical.[13][14] Many teachers, school administrators, and special
educators have been inspired by Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences as it has allowed for
the idea that there is more than one way to define a person's intellect.