Article 3 (BILL OF RIGHTS)

Bill of rights is the declaration of a person’s right which the constitution is designed to protect
against violation of the government or by an individual.

Civil Rights – Rights that belong to every citizen of the state and are not connected with the
administration of the government. Example nito ay property, marriage at equal protection.

Political Rights – right to participate directly or indirectly in the administration of the government.

Right to suffrage and right to petition. Right to vote in an election.

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor
shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Due Process – procedural due aspect

A Law that hears before it condemns which proceeds upon inquiry and renders judgment only
after trial

Procedural – when a government acts in such a way that denies the peron’s life or liberty.
Kailangan muna mabigyan ng notice yung tao at mabigyan sya ng opportunity na pagpaliwanag
at mapakinggan

Substantive due process – pagkakaroon ng fair and reasonable law or action of government

Artificial person – legal entity that is not a single person but an organization recognized by law
(corporation)

Right to life – right to enjoy of what god gave to you

The right of an individual to his body in its completeness, free from dismemberment

Right to liberty - The right to exist and the right to be free from arbitrary personal restraints.

Free from unreasonable detention

Right to property - It is anything that can come under the right of ownership and be the subject of
contract.

You have the right to own a property.

Section 2

Search – examination of a person’s home or vehicle

Seizure – taking possessions of an item during the search

Search warrant – court order directing an officer to search designated premises vehicles’ or person

 With consent/waiver
 Plain view doctrine – the evidence is clearly visible
 Moving vehicle

Search incident arrest

Without warrant

 Caught in Flagrante Delicto – (caught committing the crime or about to commit a crime or have
just committed a crime
 If the officer police officer is knowledgeable of the crime (Hot pursuit)
 A prisoner who escape from prison

Citizen arrest

Section 3 Right to privacy – we are entitled to our own privacy

Right to be left alone

Public safety or order requires it

Section 4 (Freedom of expression)

Right to freely utter/express

Freedom of the press- published whatever one pleases without previous restraint

Limitation: when you start to violate the rights of another person

Defamation – saying or writing about another person that hurts their reputation

Libel and slander- libel if the statement is written and published while slander if the statement is spoken

Section 4 Right to hold a rally