Scheme of Evaluation

MID-SEMESTER EXAMINATION, SPRING 2023-2024

Subject: Transforms and Numerical Methods
Code: MA 11002
Question No. Marks Distribution Scheme
Q.1(a) Correct answer 1
(b) Correct answer 1
(c) Correct answer 1
(d) For formula 0.5
For correct inverse transform 0.5
(e) Correct answer 1
Q.2(a) For inverse transform 1.5
For 𝑓(0) value 0.5
(b) Laplace transform of the equation 1.5
Inverse Laplace transform 1.5
Q.3 (a) Correct Fourier sine series expression 0.5
Value of the Fourier coefficient 𝑏𝑛 1
Required Fourier sine series 0.5
(b) Expression of given function in terms of unit step functions 1
Laplace transform of the expression 2
Q.4 (a) Correct form as the sum of even and odd functions 1
Verification of even and odd functions 1
(b) Laplace inverse of
1
,
1 1+1
𝑆(𝑆+1) 𝑆2 (𝑆+1)

Required Laplace inverse of

𝑆−1 1
𝑆2(𝑆+1)

Q.5 (a) Writing the given functions in the convolution formula 0.5
Correct value of the convolution 1.5
(b) Correct Fourier series expression 0.5
Values of the Fourier coefficients 𝑎0 , 𝑎𝑛 1+1
Required Fourier series (Cosine) 0.5
 Solution Manual
MID-SEMESTER EXAMINATION, SPRING 2023-2024
Subject: Transforms and Numerical Methods
Code: MA 11002

Q.1 Answer the following Questions

a) If 𝐿 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐹(𝑠), then what is the value of 𝐿 𝑓
𝑡
?
2
1 𝑠
Ans: We have 𝐿 𝑓 𝑎𝑡 = 𝐹 𝑎
.
𝑎
𝑡
So, 𝐿 𝑓 = 2𝐹(2𝑠).
2
𝜋
b) Find the inverse Laplace transform of (𝑠+𝜋)2.
𝜋
Ans: 𝐿−1 = 𝜋 𝑡𝑒−𝜋𝑡 .
(𝑠+𝜋)2
c) Write the Laplace transform of 𝑓 𝑡 = 1.5 cos 3𝑡 −
𝜋
.
2
𝜋 4.5
Ans: 𝐿 1.5 cos 3𝑡 − = 1.5 𝐿 sin 3𝑡 =
𝑠2 +9
.
2
d) If 𝐹(𝑠) denotes the Laplace transform of a function 𝑓 𝑡 , then write the value of
𝑡 sin 𝜔𝜏
𝐿 ∫0 𝑑𝜏 .
𝜔
𝑡 𝐹(𝑠)
Ans: We have 𝐿 ∫0 𝑓(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = .
𝑠
𝑡 sin 𝜔𝜏 1 1
Hence, 𝐿 ∫0 𝑑𝜏 = 𝐿 sin 𝜔𝑡 =
𝜔 𝜔𝑠 𝑠(𝑠2+𝜔2 )
Or,
𝑡
We have 𝐿 ∫0 𝑓(𝜏)𝑔(𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = 𝐿{𝑓 ∗ 𝑔}
𝑡 sin 𝜔𝜏 1 1
Hence, 𝐿 ∫0 𝜔
𝑑𝜏 = 𝐿 sin 𝜔𝑡 ∗ 1 =
𝑠 𝑠2 +𝜔2
.
𝜔
e) What is the fundamental period of sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥?
Ans: Fundamental period of sin 𝑥 is 2𝜋.
2𝜋
Fundamental period of sin 3𝑥 is .
3
2𝜋
So. Fundamental period of sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝑀 2𝜋, 3
= 2𝜋.

Q.2
a) Find the value of 𝑓(0), if 𝐿 𝑓 𝑡 =
𝑠
.
(𝑠+2)2
𝑠 𝑠+2−2 1 2
Ans: Given 𝐿 𝑓 𝑡 =
(𝑠+2)2
=
(𝑠+2)2
= −
(𝑠+2)2
𝑠+2
Therefore, 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑒−2𝑡 (1 − 2𝑡)
So, 𝑓 0 = 1.
b) Solve the initial value problem by applying Laplace transform.
𝑦″ + 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑡, 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦' (0) = 0
Ans: Given ODE is
𝑦″ + 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑡
Applying Laplace transform we get:
 3
𝑠2 𝐿 𝑦 − 𝑠𝑦 0 − 𝑦' 0 + 𝐿{𝑦} = 2
𝑠 +9
Using initial conditions we obtain:
3 3 𝑠2 + 9 − (𝑠2 + 1)
𝐿𝑦 = 2 2 =
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 9) 8 (𝑠2 + 1)(𝑠2 + 9)
3 1 1
⇒ 𝐿 𝑦 = 𝑠2+1 − 𝑠2+9
8
Taking inverse Laplace transform we get the required solution:
1
𝑦 𝑡 = (3 sin 𝑡 − sin 3𝑡 ).
8

Q.3
a) Find the Fourier sine series of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 1.
Ans: The given function is 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 with 𝐿 = 1.
The Fourier Sine series is
∞ ∞
𝑛𝜋
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑥= 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝐿
𝑛=1 𝑛=1
2 𝐿 𝑛𝜋
Where, 𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐿 0 𝐿
1 𝑥 cos 𝑛𝜋𝑥 sin 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑥=1
⇒ 𝑏𝑛 = 2 ∫0 𝑥 sin 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 − 𝑛𝜋
+
(𝑛𝜋)2
𝑥=0
2( − 1)𝑛+1
⇒ 𝑏𝑛 =
𝑛𝜋
The Fourier Sine series is
∞
( − 1)𝑛+1
𝑓 𝑥 =2 sin 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑛𝜋
𝑛=1
The required Sine series is:
2 1 1
𝑓 𝑥 = ( sin 𝜋𝑥 − sin 2𝜋𝑥 + sin 3𝜋𝑥 − ⋯ ).
𝜋 2 3

b) Represent the following function as a unit step function and then find its Laplace
transform.
𝑡2 , 0 < 𝑡 < 3
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑓 𝑥 =
7, 𝑡 > 3
Ans: In terms of unit step function the given function can be written as:
𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑡2 𝑢 𝑡 − 0 − 𝑢 𝑡 − 3 + 7𝑢(𝑡 − 3)
⇒ 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡2 𝑢 𝑡 − 3 + 7𝑢(𝑡 − 3)
2 −3𝑠 2 7𝑒−3𝑠
Now, 𝐿 𝑓 𝑡 = 3 −𝑒 𝐿 𝑡+3 +
𝑠 𝑠
2 2 6 2
⇒𝐿 𝑓 𝑡 = − 𝑒−3𝑠 + + .
𝑠3 𝑠3 𝑠2 𝑠

Q.4
a) Write 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 as the sum of even and odd functions.
Ans: Even function
𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓 −𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒−𝑥
Odd function:
𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑓 −𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥
1
⇒ 𝑒𝑥 = [(𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒−𝑥 ) + (𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒−𝑥 )] = cosh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥.
2
b) Find the inverse Laplace transform of
1 𝑠−1
𝑠2 𝑠 + 1
 1 𝑠−1 1 1
Ans: 𝐿−1 𝑠2 𝑠+1
= 𝐿−1
𝑠(𝑠+1)
− 𝐿−1
𝑠2 (𝑠+1)
.
1 𝑡
Now, 𝐿−1 𝑠(𝑠+1) = ∫0 𝑒−𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = 1 − 𝑒−𝑡 .
−1 1 𝑡 𝑡
Again, 𝐿 𝑠2 (𝑠+1)
= ∫0 (1 − 𝑒−𝜏 )𝑑𝜏 = 𝜏 + 𝑒−𝜏 0 = 𝑡 + 𝑒−𝑡 − 1.
1 𝑠−1
Hence, 𝐿−1 = 1 − 𝑒−𝑡 − 𝑡 + 𝑒−𝑡 − 1 = 2 − 𝑡 − 2𝑒−𝑡 .
𝑠2 𝑠+1

Q.5
a) Find the convolution of 𝑡 and 𝑒2𝑡 .
𝑡 𝑡
Ans: 𝑡 ∗ 𝑒2𝑡 = ∫0 𝜏𝑒2 𝑡−𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒2𝑡 ∫0 𝜏𝑒−2𝜏 𝑑𝜏
𝑡
−𝜏𝑒−2𝜏 𝑒−2𝜏 1
= 𝑒2𝑡 − = 𝑒2𝑡 − 2𝑡 − 1 .
2 4 0 4
b) Find the Fourier series expansion of the following function which is assumed to be
periodic with period 2𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
𝑘, − < 𝑥 <
2 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝜋 3𝜋
0, < 𝑥 <
2 2
Ans: Given function is an even function.
The Fourier series of 𝑓(𝑥) with period 𝑃 = 2𝜋 is given by
∞

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑥
𝑛=1
1 𝜋/2 𝑘
Now, 𝑎0 = ∫0 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 =
𝜋 2

2 𝜋/2 2𝑘 𝑛𝜋
and 𝑎𝑛 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑘 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝜋𝑛
sin
2

𝑘 2𝑘 1 𝑛𝜋
⇒𝑓 𝑥 = + ∑∞
𝑛=1
sin cos 𝑛𝑥.
2 𝜋 𝑛 2

The required Fourier series is

𝑘 2𝑘 1 1
𝑓 𝑥 = + cos 𝑥 − cos 3𝑥 + cos 5𝑥 − ⋯ .
2 𝜋 3 5

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