National

Water
Resources
Board

Integrated Water Resources

Management

Susan P. Abano
Engineer IV
Policy and Program Division
National Water Resources Board

Outline

„ Philippines Water Resources Situationer

„ IWRM as a Framework to Achieve
Sustainable Water for All
„ IWRM Plan Framework
„ Next Steps (IWRM Operational Planning
and Localization)

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

 Philippine Water Resources

I: Ilocos II: Cagayan Valley

Land area : 300,000 sq. km.
Annual Average rainfall : III: Central Luzon
2,400 mm
The Philippines has V: Bicol
ƒ 421 principal river basins IV: Southern Tagalog

ƒ 20 are major river basins VIII: Eastern

Surface water dependable water Visayas
VI: Western
supply
pp y - Visayas
X: Northern
125,790 MCM (80% probability)
Mindanao
VII: Central
The recharge or extraction Visayas
potential of groundwater is
IX: Southwestern
estimated at 20,200 MCM per Mindanao
year XII: Southern XI: Southeastern
Mindanao Mindanao
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Water Availability

35,000
30 000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR WRR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Water Potential Projected Demand by 2025 Water Allocated as of Dec. 2006

Source: NWRB, List of Water Permittees, Dec. 2006

JICA Master Plan on Water Resources
Management in the Philippines, 1998
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
 Water: A vital resource under threat

Population
p g
growth,, increased economic activity
y and
improved standards of living are placing tremendous
pressures both on the resource supply and service
delivery systems

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Rapid Population Growth and Aggressive

Development Pose Huge Threat to Water

6 Increasing water
demand together
with insufficient
water infrastructure
threatens to
outstrip sustainable
l
levels
l off supply
l

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Rapid Population Growth . . . (cont. .)

Over-extraction of groundwater due to

Over-
increased in water demand resulted to:

6 decline in groundwater levels or drying

up of wells or springs

6 contamination of wells by salt water

intrusion in coastal areas

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Rapid Population Growth . . . (cont. .)

Rapid Urban development resulted to:

6 decreasing aquifer recharge cause by

land development

6 Increasing peak flows and run-

run-off
causing flooding/inundation in roads

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

 Threats from Domestic, Agricultural
and Industrial Waste

Groundwater Contamination

Leaching of industrial,
agrochemicals and
animal wastes in agro-
agro-
industrial areas

Sub-
S b-surface
Sub f discharges
di h
from latrines and septic
systems and infiltration of
Preliminary data indicate up to
58% of groundwater intended for
polluted urban run-
run-off
drinking water supplies are
contaminated with total coliform
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Threats from Domestic. . . (cont. . )

Surface Water Pollution

50 rivers
i (12%) off th
the 421 rivers
i iin th
the country
t are
considered biologically dead
Only one third (36%) of our river systems/ surface
water areas are potential sources for drinking
water
Blockage of waterways reduces the rivers’ carrying
capacity
it
Direct dumping of domestic solid Wastewater discharges from
waste in rivers and lakes domestic and industries to
created adverse impact on bodies of water contaminate
water quality and availability water bodies
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
 Threats from Watershed Degradation

Onlyy 5.4 M haha.. out of 15

6 Deforestation causes
ca ses
soil erosion and siltation
/sedimentation of rivers,
lakes including
reservoirs affecting the
water quality and limiting
the flow capacity of
these water bodies
15..88 M ha
ha.. of the
country’s forestland areas are covered with
forests and fewer than a million hectares of
these are left with old growth forests.
forests.
Sediment fills lakes and ponds,
obstructs waterways, and clogs
storm sewers, ditches, and water
supply intakes
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Threats from Watershed Degradation (cont. .)

6 Denudation of forest
and watershed
increases run-
run-off
causing flash flood in
mountainous areas

When the flow capacity of the

stream is exceeded, the channel
overflows and the result is a
flash flood

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

 The Threats of Climate Change
and Global Warming

Global warming is the rise in global

temperatures due to an increase of heat-
trapping carbon emissions in the atmosphere.

Climate change, refers to changes (at different

rates and different ways) in many climatic
f t
factors such
h as temperature
t t and
d precipitation
i it ti
around the world.

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

The Threats of Climate Change (cont. .)

6 Increased intensity and frequency

of storm (La Niña) and drought
(El Niño)
6 Variation in streamflow and
groundwater recharge affecting Seven extreme tropical
water quality and seasonal water cyclone/southwest monsoon
induced extreme events occurred
availability in 1991 to late 2004

6 Higher temperatures affecting

water quality (such as
eutrophication)
6 Sea Level rise causing saltwater
intrusion into surface and ground
water, affecting the amount and
quality of water supplies
The worst drought occurred in
1997--1998 El Niño, resulted in
1997
severe water shortage in M.Mla
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
 To respond to these challenges and ensure
that demand does not overrun supply,
there should be a balancing g act to ensure
that the economic growth and
development does not jeopardize the
viability and integrity of our ecosystems
both in the present and future

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Integrated Water Resources Management

is a collaborative process

which promotes the coordinated development

and management of water, land and related
resources within hydrological boundaries,

in order to maximize the resultant economic

and social welfare in an equitable manner

p
without compromisingg the sustainability
y of
vital ecosystems.

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

IWRM Principles
(1992 Dublin International Conference on Water and the Environment)
1. Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource,
essential to sustain life, development and the
environment.

2. Water has an economic value in all its competing

uses and should be recognised as an economic
good.

3. Water development and management should be

based on a participatory approach, involving users,
planners and policymakers at all levels.

4. Women play a central part in the provision,

management and safeguarding of water resources.

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Cross-Sectoral Integration

Agriculture use

Domestic and
Industrial
use

Recreational use

Natural Preservation Fishery use

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
 IWRM is a whole water cycle
Management

Discharge
wastewater

Water
Supply

Extraction Salt Water Intrusion

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Traditional vs IWRM Approach

Characteristic Traditional IWRM

Scope Sectoral/Project
Sectoral/Project- Integrated
focused
Approach to solving Taking into All related sectors are
problems consideration sectoral taken into consideration
need and benefit
Conflict resolution Solve conflicts between Solve conflicts between
users not uses users and uses
Involvement of Limited participation Broad participation
stakeholders

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Adoption of IWRM
The strongest push for the widespread adoption
of IWRM came from the World Summit on
Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in
Johannesburg in 2002. The Philippines, along
with other world governments recommitted to the
UN Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) and
agreed to formulate and implement their
respective IWRM and water efficiency plans by
2005

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Philippines IWRM Plan Framework Formulation Process

„ Development of National IWRM and Water Efficiency Plan

commenced in January 2006
„ Creation of Steering Committee to provide guidance, support
and approve plan
„ A Multi-Sectoral
Multi Sectoral Task Force was created to undertake the
preparation of the plan
„ Conducted Multi-sectoral task force workshops and
conferences
„ Consultation-workshop with Non-Government and Civil
Society Organizations
„ Multi-Sectoral Consultations on the proposed IWRM and
Water Efficiency Improvement Plans in the Visayas and
Mindanao
„ Presentation of the Draft IWRM Plan in the IWRM-SEA
Project Meeting in Thailand. It generated positive feedback on
the scope, planning process and multi-stakeholders approach
„ Launching and presentation of the IWRM Plan Framework in
January 26, 2007 to key stakeholders (NGAs, donor agencies,
NGOs, Academe) NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD
Structure of the Integrated Water Resources Management
Plan Framework
Identified Sustainable Outcomes that reflect our development
aspirations for IWRM

„ Effective Protection and Regulation for Water Security and

Ecosystem Health (Water Allocation,
Allocation Groundwater
Management, Achieving Clean and Healthy Water,
Managing and Mitigating Risks from Climate Change and
Water Related Disasters)
„ Sustainable Water Resources and Responsive Services for
Present and Future Needs (Water conservation, Water
Supply and Sanitation services)
„ Improved Effectiveness, Accountability and Synergy among
Water Related Institutions and Stakeholders (Water
Governance, Knowledge Management, Capacity Building)
„ Adaptive and Proactive Response to Emerging/ Future
Challenges (Water Sensitive Design, Water Rights Trading)

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Next Steps: Operational Planning and Localization (Key

Milestones)
„ Launching and Commitment Setting- promote the widest dissemination of
the plan framework across all stakeholders to ensure shared understanding
and commitment to pursue, adopt, integrate and implement IWRM
„ Establish a Technical support Base for IWRM Implementation-
responsible for development of toolkits and templates to facilitate localization
that will entail preparation of operational plans at the regional, provincial,
municipal and community levels.
„ Operational Planning – different agencies and institutions should ensure that
relevant components and dimensions in the IWRM are integrated in their plans
and that they should conduct joint planning and complementation meetings
that these initiatives become part of the plans of the cooperating partner
agencies
„ Localization – the main challenge for the localization of IWRM is to ensure
that local government units initiate IWRM planning and follow through with the
implementation of their respective IWRM plans. Plans of NGAs should be
aligned with the thrusts and directions of LGUs.

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD

Getting together is a start,

Working together is progress,

Staying together is success!

A quote by Secretary Angelo Reyes during his keynote address delivered during the
launching of the National IWRM Plan Framework held last January 26, 2007

NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES BOARD