UNIT 6: GLOBAL WARMING

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. genius B. gorilla C. global D. gases
2. A. pollution B. poaching C. physical D. pesticide
3. A. warming B. warn C. walk D. wasn’t
4. A. floor B. flood C. moorland D. door
5. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease
Exercise 2. Mark the latter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. campaign B. global C. balance D. carbon
7. A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. habitat
8. A. rainforest B. tropical C. discover D. animal
9. A. pollution B. continue C. enormous D. disappear
10. A. devastated B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
Exercise 3. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
11. A. average B. absorb C. awareness D. alarming
12. A. capture B. mature C. nurture D. temperature
13. A. conservation B. scene C. increase D. ecology
14. A. shortage B. average C. message D. massage
Exercise 4. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
15. A. atmosphere B. infectious C. ecology D. sustainable
16. A. environment B. temperature C. alternative D. efficient
17. A. harvest B. reduce C. climate D. impact
18. A. responsible B. remarkable C. exotic D. biosphere
Exercise 5. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
19. A. drought B. cousin C. tough D. trouble
20. A. vapour B. considerate C. fortunate D. temperature
21. A. process B. efficient C. principal D. electricity
22. A. conserve B. diverse C. severe D. preserve
Exercise 6. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
23. A. atmosphere B. consequence C. devastating D. disposal
24. A. evaluate B. evidence C. alternative D. endangered
25. A. disaster B. detergent C. disappear D. contaminate
26. A. responsibility B. biodiversity C. environmental D. catastrophic
Exercise 7. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
27. A. change B. preparation C. climate D. related
28. A. infectious B. chemical C. electronic D. species
29. A. capture B. catastrophic C. atmosphere D.
shortage
Exercise 8. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
30. A. catastrophic B. fertilizer C. preservation D. electronic
31. A. diversity B. ecosystem C. ecology D. industrial
Exercise 9. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
32. A. drought B. brought C. doubt D. boundary
33.A. impact B. balance C. global D. man-made
34.A. extinct B. ecosystem C. electricity D. recycle
Exercise 10. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
35. A. consequence B. atmosphere C. chemical D. infectious
36. A. greenhouse B. climate C. upset D. footprint
Exercise 11. Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
37. After we read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars __________ to climate change, we were
determined to reduce our carbon footprint.
A. devote B. contribute C. result D. cause
38. Overharvesting brought North American alligators to __________ in their natural habitats.
A. nearly extinct B. near extinction C. extinct near D. extinction nearly
39. You will be more willing to change your lifestyle if you understand the __________ of global warming.
A. effect B. affect C. influence D. impact
40. The deforestation for farmland, wood and paper contributes __________ higher temperatures which lead
__________ the melting of polar ice caps and rising of sea levels.
A. to – to B. for – to C. to – in D. in – at
41. The main threat to the survival of these creatures come from their loss of __________.
A. habitation B. habitat C. habitant D. inhabitant
42. Air pollution poses a __________ to both human health and our environment.
A. jeopardy B. difficulty C. problem D. threat
Exercise 12. Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
43. One of the aims of Greenpeace is to raise awareness of the environmental problems __________ our
planet.
A. facing B. causing C. resulting D. threatening
44. The huge oil slick is moving slowly towards Ireland, and several miles of coastline are __________
threat.
A. at B. in C. under D. on
45. Rising water temperatures is a result of global warming and may eventually increase sea levels due to
the dissolving of __________.
A. mountains B. wetlands C. glaciers D. river beds
46. As air pollution continues to be released into the atmosphere, __________ becomes more depleted,
resulting in an increase of ultraviolet radiation on earth.
A. ozone layer B. oceans C. rainforests D. carbon dioxide
47. __________ is a greenhouse gas that is released by human activities and speeds up global warming.
A. petroleum B. natural gas C. carbon dioxide D. nuclear power
48. Too many greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere may block heat from escaping into space and trap too
much heat next to the Earth’s surface causing __________.
A. another ice age B. global warming C. earthquakes D. volcanic eruptions
Exercise 13. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
49. A layer of greenhouse gases – primarily water vapor, and carbon dioxide – acts as a __________ blanket
for the Earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface.
A. thermal B. hot C. heat D. heating
50. Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of
the greenhouse __________.
A. causes B. effect C. gas D. damage
51. Certain __________ in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block heat
from escaping.
A. effects B. emissions C. gases D. layers
52. Carbon dioxide is released through __________ processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and
through __________ activities such as deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels.
A. human – natural B. natural – human
C. man-made – ordinary D. ordinary – man-made
53. A strong greenhouse effect will warm the oceans and partially melt glaciers, increasing __________.
A. temperature B. sea water C. sea level D. pollution
54. Ocean water also will expand if it warm, __________ further to sea level rise.
A. getting B. making C. leading D. contributing
55. The clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities have increased __________ of
greenhouse gases.
A. concentrations B. attention C. lots D. collections
56. Humans __________ atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by a third since the Industrial
Revolution began.
A. increase B. have increased C. had increased D. were increasing
Exercise 14. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
57. Sea level rise is usually regarded as Viet Nam’s main __________: a one-meter rise would submerge 40
percent of the country and make millions homeless.
A. disaster B. hope C. destruction D. concern
58. All of the disasters resulted from __________ will continue to have a devastating effect on socio-
economic development.
A. floods B. climate change C. ecological balance D. carbon footprint
59. The low __________ in the Mekong Delta leads to acute saline intrusion much deeper than the
traditional 30 to 40 km of mainland that is contaminated with saltwater.
A. water currents B. sea level C. water level D. salt water
60. Methane is a far more active __________ than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less abundant
in the atmosphere.
A. greenhouse gas B. greenhouse effect C. climate change D. emission
61. The next dry season will be extremely severe __________ further saltwater intrusion, water and rain
shortages, and heat waves.
A. because B. although C. due to D. thanks to
62. Viet Nam has been named among the 12 countries most __________ for climate change by the World
Bank.
A. at risk B. at danger C. in risk D. ready
63. Having developed green technologies with low-carbon emissions, __________ intends to get rid of coal.
A. the effort B. the possibility C. that country D. the communities
Exercise 15. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
64. We need to cut down on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. intake B. retake C. uptake D. discharge
65. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation.
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. logging D. lawn mowing
66. In the past, a lot of countries denied having contributed to global warming.
A. agreed B. refuted C. approved D. avoided
67. Most people admit that they contribute the global warming.
A. be partly responsible for B. disapprove
C. neglect D. cause
68. We must admit that people are heavily polluting the environment.
A. decline B. rebut C. deny D. accept
69. In the polluted environment, infectious diseases can be passed easily from one person to another.
A. fatal B. safe C. contagious D. immune
70. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies.
A. very good B. very bad C. normal D. long-lasting
71. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun.
A. catch B. discharge C. dispose D. release
72. Such unhygienic conditions encourage the spread of diseases.
A. decline B. stability C. decrease D. increase
73. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world.
A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety
74. As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is important for the government to find some types of
alternative energy.
A. irreplaceable B. substitute C. impossible D. practical
75. Local people have cut down the forests to make way for farming.
A. allow farming to take place B. lose way in farming
C. have a way of farming D. give way to farming
76. Because farmers had been informed about the had effects of chemical fertilisers, they started using them
sparingly on their farms.
A. carelessly B. moderately C. recklessly D. irresponsibly
77. Global warming is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays.
A. causes B. factors C. concerns D. agreements
78. The biggest cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions from coal burning power plants.
A. fauna B. flora C. trees D. factories
79. Global warming effects on people and nature are catastrophic.
A. destructive B. constructive C. evaluative D. creative
80. Coal burning releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. discourages B. reduces C. relaxes D. discharges
81. The demand for cars is increasing rapidly in the modern world.
A. need B. offer C. reply D. discovery
82. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A. take up B. take in C. take over D. take to
83. The process of forests absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been disrupted by the current
alarming rate of deforestation.
A. discussed B. discovered C. disturbed D. distributed
84. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine.
A. family B. obesity C. hygiene D. hunger
85. Water shortages are likely to delay economic growth and damage ecosystems.
A. aid B. advance C. deter D. defer
86. It is important to maintain the biological diversity of the rainforests.
A. similarity B. identity C. variety D. compatibility
87. We may help if we cut down on energy use by using LED lightbulbs and unplug unused electronic
devices.
A. reuse B. reduce C. recycle D. reproduce
88. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and
conserve natural resources.
A. preserve B. reserve C. converse D. reverse
89. The think layer of global warming gases keeps more heat from the sun, which leads to the increase in the
earth temperature.
A. catches B. releases C. allows D. loses
90. Global warming results in climate change and extreme weather patterns.
A. results from B. causes C. originates D. is due to
91. Our city is going to ban supermarkets from using plastic bags.
A. reduce B. encourage C. prohibit D. allow
92. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. damaged B. spoilt C. treated D. endangered
93. It is important raise money to help people who have to suffer consequences of global warming.
A collect B. donate C. sponsor D. contribute
94. Everyone should remember to switch off the lights before going out.
A. go off B. turn off C. take off D. log off
95. We may help to control global warming by reducing carbon footprints in our homes.
A. putting up with B. getting down to C. cutting down on D. going back to
Exercise 16. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
96. Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global warming.
A. Shrinking B. Declining C. Decreasing D. Increasing
97. We should grow more trees so that they can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A. emit B. take in C. consume D. cut off
98. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere can lead to global warming.
A. result in B. result from C. causes D. activate
99. Farmers turned to bio-fertilisers after they had been told about the dangers of chemical fertilisers.
A. trusted B. disbelieved C. counted on D. depended on
100. The factory owner denied having said that he should take responsibility for the damage that his factory
caused to the surrounding environment.
A. refuted B. rejected C. opposed D. accepted
101. Some scientists are accused of not having reported the effects of climate change.
A. exonerated B. blamed C. charged D. complained
102. They were criticized for having acted irresponsibly towards the environment.
A. blamed B. commended C. condemned D. denounced
103. The factory was fined for having dumped a huge amount of rubbish into the river.
A. penalized B. levied C. compensated D. punished
Exercise 17. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
104. With A. clear evidence, his company couldn’t B. deny having C. dump a large quantity of toxins D.
into the sea.
105. Humans now A. have to suffer the B. effects of global warming C. due to having D. treat the
environment irresponsibly.
106. A. Having denied the B. responsibility for the C. environmental it caused, the factory D. was forced to
close down.
107. A. Having been warn about the relationship B. between climate change and C. the spread of infectious
diseases, everyone should D. get vaccinated.
108. A. These companies were B. accused on C. having released a large amount of carbon dioxide D. into
the atmosphere.
109. A. Having deciding on the B. topic of the presentation, C. he stared finding relevant information D. for
it.
110. A. Having known about the B. harmful affects the company C. had on our neighborhood, we decided
D. to boycott its products.
111. A. Having signed an agreement B. to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, we were C. determined to D.
help reduced global warming.
112. A. Having identified the B. most urgent environmental problems, C. they start D. working out all
possible solutions.
113. A. Having spent all their B. saving money, they C. started do some odd jobs to D. make ends meet.
114. A. Having cutting down many trees B. in the area, now the people here C. have to suffer D. really hot
summers.
115. A. Having decided to use public transport B. instead private transport, we C. were determined to D.
reduce carbon footprints.
116. A. Having cycled to work B. every day, I come C. more responsibly for the D. environmental issues.
117. A. Having watched TV B. programmes about the farmers’ careless use of chemical fertilisers C. on the
crops, many citizen dwellers D. decided to grow their own vegetables.
118. A. Having suffered water shortage B. in the past, we are all C. very economic D. on using water.
119. A. Having change our B. attitude to nature, we C. started changing D. our behaviours as well.
Exercise 18. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
120. The president of the company officially apologized to the local residents __________ having dumped a
large amount of raw sewage in the area.
A. about B. with C. at D. for
121. The factory was accused __________ having caused higher level of pollution to the environment.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
122. We all admire him __________ having changed both his attitude and behaviours towards the
environmental issues.
A. about B. for C. with D. at
123. Human activities are also blamed __________ having contributed to global warming.
A. for B. on C. at D. with
124. We congratulated him __________ having invented an energy-saving device.
A. for B. at C. about D. on
125. He was criticized __________ not having put the elephant poachers in jail.
A. at B. about C. for D. on
126. His company was punished __________ not having dumped the rubbish properly.
A. by B. for C. about D. because of
127. The city mayor praised all voluntary students __________ having cleaned the playgrounds for the
children.
A. for B. because of C. of D. due to
128. He thanked us __________ having contributed to cleaning the surrounding environment.
A. on B. to C. with D. for
129. He was suspected __________ having received presents from the local companies and ignored their
violations of the environmental law.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
130. Even when arrested, he denied __________ cut down that tree.
A. has B. having C. have D. have had
131. Those farmers admitted __________ having used more chemical fertilisers than needed.
A. on B. about C. for D. to
132. He forgot __________ promised to cut down on the carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
A. to promise B. have C. having D. had
133. I remembered having __________ off the lights before leaving home.
A. switched B. switch C. switching D. switches
134. He regretted not __________ registered for military service last spring.
A. have B. having C. having had D. having done
135. The local residents suspected the authorities __________ having kept the pollution level secret from the
local people.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
136. He denied having polluted the environment, __________ no one believed him.
A. however B. despite C. but D. in spite of
137. Thank you for having __________ the information about global warming.
A. shared B. sharing C. share D. shares
138. He regretted __________ killed and eaten several rare species.
A. to have B. having C. have D. has
139. His company was fined __________ dumped tons of toxic waster near the residential area.
A. to have B. because of having C. for having D. of having
140. These students were rewarded __________ actively taken part in voluntary activities.
A. with B. before C. on having D. for having
141. She was praised __________ donated a lot of money to the wildlife protection organisation.
A. for having B. to have C. because of having D. due to having
142. I remember __________ advised you to stop hunting endangered animals.
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
143. The local authorities were blamed __________ ignored the pollution issues in the area.
A. about having B. on having C. for having D. before having
Exercise 19. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following
exchanges.
Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of global warming.
144. Nam: What ate the main threats to the environment today?
Lan: __________
A. Threats are possible dangers to the environment.
B. Probably deforestation and global warming.
C. Environmental pollution is a big issue for our planet.
D. We need a clean environment to live in.
145. Lan: How can ordinary people help protect the environment?
Nam: __________
A. What can ordinary people do to help the environment?
B. Environment really needs our help.
C. We may use environmentally-friendly products.
D. Both governments and individuals are to blame on.
146. Nam: Do you do anything to protect the environment?
Lan: __________
A. I refuse to use plastic bags and try to recycle as much as possible.
B. I use a lot of plastic bags and containers to save the environment.
C. I’m not interested in the subject of environment.
D. I don’t want to change my lifestyle.
147. Lan: What solution to air pollution can you suggest?
Nam: __________
A. Air pollution is really serious these days.
B. Smoke from factory chimneys pollutes the air.
C. Air pollution causes acid rain.
D. People should use public means of transport.
148. Nam: What is the biggest environmental problem facing our country?
Lan: __________
A. Too much toxic sewage is dumped at sea.
B. All countries face environmental problems.
C. No one can help protect the environment.
D. Our country is facing the biggest environmental problem
149. Nam: Is global warming a problem in our country?
Lan: __________
A. Global warming is getting more and more serious.
B. Government are closely working together to solve environmental problems.
C. Global warming causes sea level to rise.
D. Probably. The temperatures are getting hotter year by year in the area.
150. Nam: What causes global warming?
Lan: __________
A. Changes in weather patterns resulting from global warming.
B. Too much carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere.
C. Catastrophic consequences of global warming.
D. Common global warming consequences.
151. Nam: What are the consequences of global warming?
Lan: __________
A. Global warming causes many consequences.
B. Consequences of global warming is catastrophic.
C. Icebergs melt and low-lying areas are flooded.
D. More trees are being cut down.
152. Nam: Why is global warming a problem?
Lan: __________
A. People find it difficult to adapt to the changes in the weather patterns.
B. Global warming can benefit people in certain areas.
C. There’s no need to worry about global warming.
D. Global warming is a very interesting topic for presentation.
153. Nam: What are global warming gases?
Lan: __________
A. Global warming gases are mainly man-made.
B. Global warming gases are everywhere.
C. The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing.
D. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.
154. Lan: What can government do to punish factories that violate environmental law?
Nam: __________
A. So many of them are polluting the environment.
B. Yes, I think a big fine would be relevant.
C. They may force those factories to close down.
D. There are no factories in this region.
155. Lan: Who has to suffer global warming effects the most?
Nam: __________
A. What are global warming effects?
B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas.
C. All people suffer from global warming.
D. Only few people benefit from global warming.
156. Lan: How can we help to fight deforestation?
Nam: __________
A. We may recycle paper and buy recycled paper products.
B. We may cut down trees at an alarming rate.
C. We should only cut branches of big trees.
D. We should set up animal ranches near forests.
157. Nam: What will happen if the low-lying areas are flooded?
Lan: __________
A. Low-lying areas are often flooded.
B. Flood happens when water level rises.
C. Low-lying areas can never be flooded.
D. People in these regions will have to face a lot of problems.
158. Lan: What do you do to help the environment?
Nam: __________
A. It is the responsibility of the government.
B. I try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint.
C. Everyone can protect the environment.
D. Environment helps people live comfortably.
Exercise 20. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
We are probably all (159) __________ at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as
much as we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (160) __________ by using our cars
when it’s not necessary. However, the real environmental (161) __________ are those big businesses which
ignore the law. For many years now, (162) __________ have attempted to protect the environment by
making businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use don’t add to the (163)
__________ of the environment. The problem for businesses is that the (164) __________ of the
environment costs money, and businesses will always try to (165) __________ their costs if they can. Some
of them do this by simple putting chemical into rivers when they have finished with them, leading to the
(166) __________ of major problems. Although government (167) __________ may try to catch them doing
it, it can be very difficult to get (168) __________ that a particular business is responsible for an
environmental problem. It really depends (169) __________ not only the government but also businesses
and individuals as well. All people need to contribute to (170) __________ the environment.
(Source: Adapted from Laser B1+)
159. A. guilty B. proud C. sorry D. tired
160. A. damage B. pollution C. accidents D. trouble
161. A. agents B. crimes C. criminals D. doers
162. A. politicians B. politics C. parties D. residents
163. A. induction B. construction C. instruction D. destruction
164. A. production B. protection C. destruction D. deforestation
165. A. stabilise B. raise C. lower D. save
166. A. creation B. creativity C. creator D. creature
167. A. suspicion B. suspect C. inspection D. inspectors
168. A. improvement B. proof C. waterproof D. prove
169. A. over B. at C. on D. in
170. A. protecting B. protect C. protected D. protection
Exercise 21. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
DROUGHT IN THE UNITED STATES
The Southwestern States of the Untied States suffered one of the worst droughts in their history from
1931 to 1938. The drought (171) __________ the entire country. Few food crops could be grown. Food
became (172) __________, and prices went up (173) __________ the nation. Hundreds of families in the
Dust Bowl region had to be moved to farms in other areas with the help of the federal government. In 1944,
drought brought great damage to (174) __________ all Latin America. The drought moved to Australia and
then to Europe, (175) __________ it continued throughout the summer of 1945. From 1950 to 1954 in the
United States, the South and Southwest suffered a (176) __________ drought. Hundreds of cattle ranchers
had to ship their cattle to other regions because (177) __________ lands had no grass. The federal
government again (178) __________ an emergency drought-relief program. It offered farmers (179)
__________ credit and seed grains (180) __________ low prices.
171. A. pushed B. incurred C. occurred D. affected
172. A. scarce B. mystified C. hidden D. uncommon
173. A. over B. throughout C. all D. across
174. A. near B. totally C. almost D. factually
175. A. which B. that C. where D. when
176. A. heavy B. sharp C. strict D. severe
177. A. pasture B. culture C. moisture D. manure
178. A. carried B. conducted C. convened D. conformed
179. A. emergency B. crisis C. tension D. disaster
180. A. to B. in C. over D. at
Exercise 22. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. There is an
example at the beginning.
GLOBAL WARMING
Few people now (181) question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world’s climate.
Many scientists (182) __________ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world’s
temperatures and are convinced that, more than (183) __________ before, the Earth is at (184) __________
from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (185) __________ to them, global warming is making extreme
weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (186) __________ and causing sea levels all
around the world to (187) __________.
 Environmental groups are putting (188) __________ on governments to take action to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide which is given (189) __________ by factories and power plants, thus attacking
the problem at its source. They are in (190) __________ of more money being spent on research into solar,
wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (191) __________.
Some scientists, (192) __________, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and
other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (193) __________ hundred years to
notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.
181. A. hesitate B. question C. disagree D. concern
182. A. give B. put C. take D. have
183. A. yet B. never C. once D. ever
184. A. threat B. danger C. risk D. harm
185. A. Concerning B. Regarding C. Depending D. According
186. A. strict B. severe C. strong D. heavy
187. A. raise B. arise C. rise D. lift
188. A. force B. pressure C. persuasion D. encouragement
189. A. off B. away C. up D. over
190. A. belief B. request C. favour D. suggestion
191. A. factories B. generations C. houses D. stations
192. A. but B. although C. despite D. however
193. A. several B. over C. numerous D. various
Exercise 23. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
Viet Nam is listed by the World Bank among the countries most (194) __________ by rising waters
brought about by higher global temperatures. Such a rise of one meter (195) __________ a third of the
Mekong Delta underwater and lead to mass internal migration and devastation in a region (196) __________
produces nearly half of Vietnam's rice.
The vast, humid expanse of the delta is home to more than 17 million people, who (197) __________
for generations on its thousands of river arteries. But rising sea water caused by global warming is now
increasing the salt content of the river water and (198) __________ the livelihoods of millions of poor
farmers and fishermen. Climate change is (199) __________ the rivers of the Mekong Delta salty.
In Ben Tre, salt water reached as far as 35 miles inland, causing significant (200) __________ to
crops and livestock, with rice production particularly affected. It is said that there are three grams of salt per
litre of fresh water in the rivers now. Gradually, more and more people are affected: (201) __________
nearest the sea are the most affected now, but soon the whole province will be (202) __________.
The salinity of the water has (203) __________ a point where many locals have been forced to
abandon their traditional rice cultivation.
194. A. hurt B. destroyed C. threatened D. changed
195. A. can leave B. could leave C. can result D. could result
196. A. that B. what C. it D. there
197. A. rely B. relies C. has relied D. have relied
198. A. threatens B. threaten C. threatening D. threatened
199. A. turning B. making C. causing D. damaging
200. A. damage B. destruction C. disaster D. loss
201. A. it B. that C. those D. who
202. A. attacked B. hit C. touched D. swept
203. A. reached B. come C. gone D. become
Exercise 24. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
204. Having seen people suffer global warming consequences, we decided to reduce carbon footprints.
A. We decided to reduce carbon footprints before seeing people suffer global warming consequences.
B. We saw people suffer global warming consequences after we decided to reduce carbon footprints.
C. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints after we saw people suffer global warming consequences.
D. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints before we saw people suffer global warming consequences.
205. Climate change leads to numerous catastrophic consequences.
A. Numerous catastrophic consequences result in climate change.
B. Numerous catastrophic consequences result from climate change.
C. Climate change results from numerous catastrophic consequences.
D. Numerous catastrophic consequences cause climate change.
206. The increase in earth’s temperature can cause heat-related illnesses.
A. Heat-related illnesses result from the increase in earth’s temperature.
B. Heat-related illnesses result in the increase in earth’s temperature.
C. Heat-related illnesses lead to the increase in earth’s temperature.
D. Heat-related illnesses trigger the increase in earth’s temperature.
207. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases that cause global warming.
A. Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
B. Global warming results in greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
C. One of the main greenhouse gases that lead to global warming is carbon dioxide.
D. Global warming causes greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
208. Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming.
A. Global warming can’t be controlled by planting trees.
B. Planting trees is the only way to control global warming.
C. Planting trees cam accelerate global warming.
D. Planting trees can help reduce global warming.
Exercise 25. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences in the following questions.
209. He said that he would take responsibility for his company’s damage to the area. But then he denied that.
A. Having denied this company’s damage, he took responsibility for it.
B. He denied having damaged to his company’s area.
C. He denied having taken responsibility for the damage to his company’s area.
D. He denied having said that he would take responsibility for his company’s damage to the area.
210. He donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns. He was admired for that.
A. Unless he donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he was admired.
B. He was admired for having donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns
C. If he had donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he would have been admired.
D. If he donates a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he will be admired.
211. They decided to cut down their carbon footprints. They were praised for that.
A. They were praised for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.
B. They were not punished for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.
C. Unless they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they were praised for that.
D. If they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they would be praised for that.
212. We have advised you on how to cut down your energy use. We remember that.
A. We can no longer remember having advised you one how to decrease your energy use.
B. We remember having advised you on how to maintain your energy use.
C. We remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
D. We remember to have advised you on how to maintain your energy use.
213. Some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change. They were accused of that.
A. Some scientists were accused of having falsify the effects of climate change.
B. Some scientists were accused of having been honest about the effects of climate change.
C. Although some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change, they were not accused.
D. Some scientist were accused of having falsified the effects of climate change.