Curve sketching

1. Domain Df
Values of x where the function is defined

2. Y, X- axis intercepts
Y-intercepts, at X = 0
X-intercepts, at Y = 0

3. Symmetry “function is odd, even or neither nor”

The function is EVEN if f(X) = f(-X)
The function is ODD if f(X) = - f(-X)
If f(X) ≠ f(-X) or f(X) ≠ - f(-X) then the function is NEITHER EVEN NOR ODD

4. Asympotic lines
Asymptote lines: lines such that the distance between them and the curve approaches
ZERO as they move together to infinity.

1. Vertical asymptotes: there is a vertical asymptote at X = a

If limx→a+ f(x) = ∞ or limx→a- f(x) = ∞

OR limx→a+ f(x) = -∞ or limx→a- f(x) = -∞

2. Horizontal asymptotes: there is a horizontal asymptote at Y = L

If limx→∞ f(X) = L OR limx→ -∞ f(X) = L

3. Oblique asymptotes: the line Y = mX + c is a horizontal asymptote

If limx→∞ [ f(X) - ( mX + C )] = 0 OR limx→ -∞ [ f(X) - ( mX + C )] = 0

 5. Behavior
a. Increasing, decreasing and local points
b. Concavity and infliction points

1. f`(X) = 0 and f`(X) undefined to get local points

2. Draw a number line and put the local points to find the intervals where the function is
increasing and decreasing

If f`(X) → -ve the function is decreasing

, f`(X) → +ve the function is increasing

3. f``(X) = 0 and f``(X) undefined to get infliction points

4. draw a number line and put the points to find the intervals where the function is
concave up and down

If f``(X) → -ve concave down

, f``(X) → +ve concave up