THE BEAUTY OF GR LOG

Dr.Tharwat Hassane

https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-tharwat-
hassane-3084b388/

https://www.youtube.com/channel/
UCQMVZBOO3B8ZdlWCbD34h1w/videos
Outline
1 GR Principle
2 Basic GR Uses
3 Spectral GR
4 GR parameters
5 GR limits
6 GR for unconventional Resources
7 GR Normalization
8 GR and ECS interpretation
9 VSH Calculation & GR and Deposition Environment
10 Conclusion
 GR Principle
The Gamma Ray log is a measurement of the
formation's natural radioactivity.
Gamma ray emission is produced by three
radioactive series found in the Earth's crust.
Potassium (K40) series.
Uranium series. (U)
Thorium series. (TH)

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 Basic GR Uses
The gamma ray log is used for:
Lithology/mineralogy, e.g. shaliness.
Correlation:
A major use of the tool is to identify marker beds
and thus allow well-to-well correlation.
Subsidence logging:
Subsidence logging is carried out in densely populated countries
(e.g. Holland) where there is a need to monitor the surface
movement (if any) over the reservoir production period.
Tracer logging:
A radioactive fluid is ejected by a tool at a chosen level.
The fluid movement is monitored by the gamma ray and will show
thief zones and channels in the cement behind the casing.
Clay Typing :
From Th and K we can identify the clay typing
Depositional Environment

From GR shape the depositional environmet

can be identified .
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 Spectral GR Using In carbonate
The three radioactive elements measured by the
NGT occur in different parts of the reservoir. If
we know the lithology, we can obtain further
information.

U - indicates phosphates, organic matter

and stylolite's.
Formation A

Th - indicates clay content.

K – indicates
clay content, radioactive
evaporites
Formation A in Gulf Area
It is calcite and little dolomite with
Illite content in The Sabriyah Field

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GR and ECS Using In carbonate

High GR due
to radioactive
not Shale

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 Spectral GR Using In Clastics
In Sandstones:

Th - indicates clay content,

heavy minerals.

K - indicates micas,
micaceous clays and
feldspars.

In Shales:

U - in shale, suggest a source rock.

Th - indicates the amount
of detrital material
or degree of shaliness.

K - indicates clay type and mica.

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 GR in Clastics

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 GR in Clastics

High GR
due to Hot
sand

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 GR and ECS in Clastics

GR Show High reading

and ECS Show Siderite

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 GR-ECS -Coal

ow GR reading
High Neutron
ow Density will
ndicate Coal

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 GR parameters

No formation is perfectly clean, hence the GR readings

will vary. Limestone is usually cleaner than the other two
reservoir rocks and normally has a lower GR.

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 GR limitations GR@ 41.6 ft
HNGS

GR NPHI @ 34.8 ft
- Organic materials (see the uranium as
"shale").
- Micas (sees micaceous sands as shaly).

Spectral GR :- TLD

MCFL
- Barite in the mud (reduces the count rate
but can be partially corrected for). 21.9 ft

- KCI mud (Potassium in the mud masks

the formation response but can be
partially corrected for).
HALS
or AIT
- Large boreholes decrease the count rate AIT - 7. 9 ft
hence increase the statistics.
- Statistical errors.
SP
SP - 0 ft & Rm

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GR for unconventional Resourses

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 Shale Distribution and GR Log

❑The density porosity/GR

(or linear Vsh) triangular
crossplot is the primary
method used to determine
the volume of laminated
shale (and, thus, volume of
laminated sand) and sand porosity

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 Clay type from SGR Tool

The particular minerals

occur in the following
ranges of the
Th/K ratio:
–– feldspars: < 0.6,
–– glauconite: 0.6÷1.5,
–– micas: 1.5÷2.0,
–– illite: 2.0÷3.5,
–– mixed-layered: > 3.5.

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 GR Normalization

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GR and Depositional Environment

DELTAIC ENVIRONMENT ON A
SANDY FLUVIAL/WAVE-DOMINATED
SHORELINE
Modified after Cant (1992)
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 VSH Calculation from GR

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 Core and Log GR
Once the core arrived in the lab the core GR
measurement
Recording the natural radioactive in the
core will be used in the GR Log Correlation

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 GR Correction

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 Conclusion
GR and SGR( Spectral GR) can be used to :-
• Lithology identification.
• Study of depositional environments.
• Investigation of Clay types.
• Investigation of shale distribution.
• Identification of organic material and source rocks
• Shale volume Calculation.
• Study of a rock's diagenetic history.
• GR can be run in Both Open and Cased Hole.
• In hot sand be carful when use GR for Shale Calculation .
• GR should be corrected for Cased hole and the Barite in the Mud.

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References
• 1] Bała M., Waliczek M.: Radiogenic heat of Zechstein and Carboniferous
• rocks calculated using well-logging data from the
• Brońsko Reef area (Obliczanie ciepła radiogenicznego osadów
• cechsztynu i karbonu na podstawie danych geofizyki otworowej
• w rejonie rafy Brońsko). Przegląd Geologiczny 2012, vol. 60,
• no. 3, pp. 155–163.
• [2] Bücker C., Rybach L.: A simple method to determine heat production
• from gamma-ray logs. Marine and Petroleum Geology
• 1996, vol. 13, no. 4.

• [3] Carpantier B., Huc Y. A, Bessereau G.: Wireline Logging and

• Source Rocks. Estimation of Organic Carbon by the CARBOLOG
• Method. Revue de 1 Institut Francais du Petrole 1989, vol. 44, no. 6.
• [4] Chou P. Y., Hsu S. M., Chen P. J., Lin J. J., Lo H. Ch.: Fracturedbedrock
• Aquifer Studies Based on a Descriptive Statistics of
• Well-logging Data: A Case Study from the Dajia River Basin,
• Taiwan. Acta Geophysica 2014, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 564–584. DOI:
• 10.2478/s11600-013-0187-0.
• [5 Schlumberger Chart Book
• [6 Schlumberger Intepretation Book .
• [7 RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE UNCONVENTIONAL
• NAJMAH FORMATION, SABRIYAH FIELD, NORTHERN
• KUWAIT (by Moath Al-Qaod) Thesis Msc

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 Thank You
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQM
VZBOO3B8ZdlWCbD34h1w/videos

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