Unit 11 – TWB

C H E M I S T R Y
Unit 11|Theory + Work Book
pd,l ridhkh

m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;djh

▪ m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;djh hkq l=ula o?

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tkï YS>%;djh my; mßos wdldr 2lg i`oyka l< yel"

i. ......................................................................................................................

ii. ......................................................................................................................

▪ ld,hg tÈßj m%;sl%shl fyda M, j, ujq, m%udK fyda idkaøK úp,kh ±lafjk m%ia;drhl wkql%uKfhka
m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh ,efí'
▪ m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;djh i,ld n,k ld, iSudjlg wod,j uOHl fõ.hla (𝐚) f,i fyda i,ld n,k fudfyd;la
i`oyd fudfyd;l § YS>%;djh (𝐛 , 𝐜) f,i ,nd.; yel'

m%;sl%shl iEoSfï iy jehùfï iS>;

% djh
aA+bB cC+dD

−∆𝐜𝐀 ∆𝐜𝐂
A ys idkaøKh fjkiaùfï iS>%;dj = C ys idkaøKh fjkiaùfï iS>%;dj =
∆𝐭 ∆𝐭
−∆𝐜𝐁 ∆𝐜𝐃
B ys idkaøKh fjkiaùfï iS>%;dj = D ys idkaøKh fjkiaùfï iS>%;dj =
∆𝐭 ∆𝐭

▪ ´kE u ridhksl l%shdj,shl m%udKfha isÿ jk fjki Ok rdYshla f,i i,lk neúka m%;sl%shl m%udKfha isÿ jk
fjkila i`oyd >DK ,l=K Ndú; lrhs'

▪ m%;sl%shdjlg wod, tla tla ix>gl jehùfï yd iE§fï YS>%;djhka w;r wkqmd;h tu ix>gl j,
iafghslsfhdñ;sl wkqmd;hg iudk fõ'

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 1

 ▪ fok ,o m%;sl%shdjl § tla tla m%;sls%hlh bj;a jk fyda tla tla M,h iEfok iS>%; d tlsfklg iudk fkdfõ' fï
ksid m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh .Kkfha § my; l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lrhs'
𝟏 ∆𝐜𝐀 𝟏 ∆𝐜𝐁 𝟏 ∆𝐜𝐂 𝟏 ∆𝐜𝐃
∴ m%;sl%shdjl iS>%;djh = − = − = =
𝐚 ∆𝐭 𝐛 ∆𝐭 𝐜 ∆𝐭 𝐝 ∆𝐭

▪ idudkHfhka m%;sl%shd YS>%;djh mol dm−3 min−1 , mol dm−3 s −1 jeks tall j,ska bÈßm;a lrk w;r, jdhquh
moaO;s i`oyd Pa min−1 , Pa s −1 jeks tall o Ndú;d lrhs'

wdo¾Y m%Yak

1. 0.4 mol dm−3 wdrïNl idkaøKhlska A mj;sk moaO;shla 500 K g r;a lrk úg my; ±lafjk mßÈ m%;sl%shd ùu
wrUhs' ñks;a;= 5 lska ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï § moaO;sfha A ys idkaøKh 0.2 mol dm−3 f,i ,enqKs'

2 A (aq) → B (aq) + 3 C (aq)

i. A jeh ùfï, B yd C iE§fï YS>%;djhka mol dm−3 min−1 tallfhka .Kkh lrkak'
ii. m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh fldmuK o?

2. 5 x 104 Pa wdrïNl mSvkhlska A mj;sk moaO;shlg uq`M mSvkh 1 x 105 Pa jk f;la B jdhqj tl;= lrhs'
wk;=rej fuu jdhQka my; ±lafjk mßÈ m%;sl%shd lrùug i,iajk w;r ñks;a;= 2lg miq moaO;sfha uq`M mSvkh
1.4 x 105 Pa fõ'
A (g) + 2B (g) → 2C (g) + 3D (g)

i. ñks;a;= 2 g miq moaO;sfha tla tla ix>glfha mSvkhka .Kkh lrkak'

ii. A yd B jeh ùfï, C yd D iE§fï YS>%;djhka Pa min−1 tallfhka .Kkh lrkak'
iii. m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh fldmuK o?

3. 127 ℃ ys mj;sk 2 dm3 n`ÿkl 4 x 104 Pa wdrïNl mSvkhlska X mj;sk moaO;shlg S kï >k W;afm%arlh fh§fï
§ my;ska ±lafjk wdldrfha m%;sl%shdjla werUqK's uq`M mSvkh 1 x 105 Pa jk úg .;ù we;s ld,h ñks;a;= 10 ls'

X (g) → 2Q (g) + R (g) + T (s)

i. ñks;a;= 10 g miq moaO;sfha tla tla jdhqfõ wdxYsl mSvkhka .Kkh lrkak'
ii. m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh mol min−1 tallfhka .Kkh lrkak'

4. 0.2 mol dm−3 idkaøKhlska hq;a A ødjKhlska 50 cm3 m%udKhla iu`. 0.4 mol dm−3 idkaøKhlska hq;a B
ødjKhlska 50 cm3 m%udKhla tljr ñY% lr my; m%;sl%shdj ùug i,iajhs' m%;sl%shdj iïmQ¾Kfhka wjika ùug
ñks;a;= 4 la .;úh'

A (aq) + 2B(aq) → C (aq) + 3D (aq)

i. wjika moaO;sfha tla tla ix>gl j, idkaøKhka .Kkh lrkak'

ii. A, B jeh ùfï, C yd D iE§fï YS>%;djhka mol dm−3 min−1 tallfhka .Kkh lrkak'
iii. m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh fldmuK o?

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 2

 m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;djh flfrys n,mdk idOl

1. idkaøKh 3. fN!;sl wjia:dj 5. W;afm%arl ,laIK

2. WIaK;ajh 4. mDIaGh j¾.M,h 6. mj;akd ødjlh

m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;djh flfrys idkaøKfha n,mEu

▪ fndfyda m%;sl%shdj, YS>%;djh tys m%;sl%shl j, idkaøKh jeä lsÍfï § jeä jk w;r we;eï m%;sl%shd j, YS>%;djh
m%;sl%shl j, idkaøKfhka iajdhla; fõ' hï m%;sl%shdjl m%;sl%shl idkaøKh iy YS>%;djh w;r iïnkaO;djh
YS>%;d kshuh ^YS>%;d iólrKh& u`.ska m%ldY l< yel.

YS>%;d kshuh/ YS>%;d iólrKh/ YS>%;d m%ldYkh

▪ ridhksl m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;dj, m%;sl%shl j, ujq,sl idkaøK hï n,hlg kexùula weiqfrka m%ldY lrkakd jQ
iólrKh YS>%;d kshuh f,i y`ÿkajhs' fuu n,h wod, m%;sl%shlfha fm< f,i y`ÿkajhs.
▪ m%;sl%shdjl iS>%;dj flfrys m%;sl%shlj, idkaøK n,mEu ta ta m%;sl%shlg wod< fm< u`.ska fmkakqï lrhs'

Wod -
A + B → C hk m%;sl%shdj i,luq,

∴ iS>%;djh = k [𝐀] 𝐱 [𝐁]𝐲 x - A g idfmalaIj m%;sl%shdfõ fm<

y - B g idfmalaIj m%;sl%shdfõ fm<
x + y = m%;sl%shdfõ iuia: fm<

fuys k hkq YS>%;d ksh;h jk w;r th WIAK;ajh yd m%;sl%shdfõ ud¾.h ^hdka;%Kh& u; muKla fjkia jk
m%;sl%shdjg wdfõKsl ksh;hls' k ys tall m%;sl%shdfõ iuia; fm< u; ;SrKh fõ'

𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 POINTS

▪ i,ld n,k m%;sl%shdjl iuia; fm< wkqj Y=kH fm<, m<uq fm< yd fojk fm< jYfhka úIh ks¾foaYh ;=<
m%;sl%shd j¾.SlrKh lrhs' (kuq;a, fm< Nd. ixLHdjla jk fyda 2 g jeä jk m%;sl%shd iajNdjfha we;')

𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 POINTS

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 3

 Y=kH fm< m%;sl%shd

A → B hk m%;sl%shdfõ Ag idfmalaI fm< Y=kH nj i,luq ,

ta wkqj,
R = k [A]0 ∴R=k

▪ tkï m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh A ys idkaøKfhka iajdhla; jk w;r, tys w.h YS>%;d ksh;hg iudk fõ'

m%ia;dßl ksrEmK -

m<uq fm< m%;sl%shd

A → B hk m%;sl%shdfõ Ag idfmalaI fm< 1 nj i,luq,

ta wkqj,
R = k [A]1
∴ R = k [A]

▪ tkï m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh A ys idkaøKhg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'

▪ m<uq jk fm< m%;sl%shdjl fõ. ksh;hlg we;af;a ld, tallhla (s-1) mu‚' Bg idkaøK tall ke;' tu ksid
m<uqjk fm< m%;sl%shdjl k ys ixLHd;aul w.h, idkaøKh ksfhdackh jk tall j,ska iajdh;a; fõ' ld,fha tall
iu`. muKla th fjkia fõ'

m%ia;dßl ksrEmK -

R = k [A]

𝑦 = 𝑚 𝑥

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 4

 fojk fm< m%;sl%shd

A → B hk m%;sl%shdfõ Ag idfmalaI fm< 2 nj i,luq ,

ta wkqj,
R = k [A]2

▪ tkï m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;djh A ys idkaøKfha j¾.hg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'

m%ia;dßl ksrEmK -

𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 POINTS
by; m%ia;dr j,g wu;rj YS>%;d iólrKhg ,>q fh§fuka ,nd .kakd m%ia;dr o jk w;r tu m%ia;drj,
wkql%uKh u`.ska fm< ,efí'

R = k [A]n i`oyd ,>q fha§fuka ,

log R = log k + n log [A]

log R

wkql%uKh = fm<
log k

log [A]

m%ia;dßl ksrEmK idrdxYh -

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 5