One of the rhetorical devices that is used by the author throughout the article is the appeal to

emotion(pathos). She uses this rhetorical strategy to convey the uncertainty the growing trends of
brands investing in art have caused in the art community. The author's use of descriptive language
and experiences of individual artists with brand collaborations creates a sense of empathy and
understanding for the challenges artists face in this new shift. She highlights the potential benefits
and drawbacks of these partnerships which effectively engages the reader's emotions and
encourages them to consider the implications of this trend beyond just the financial support it
provides for artists. Overall, the use of pathos in the article is effective in conveying the complexity
of the issue and its impact on the art world.

Culp has also effectively used quotations from various sources, including artists, historians, and
critics, to support her arguments about the relationship between art and commerce. These
quotations provide different perspectives and insights into the influence of brand patronage in the
art world. For example, the article quotes Natasha Degen, a historian of the art market at New
York's Fashion Institute of Technology, who observes that "The lines are becoming very blurred
between corporate social responsibility, philanthropy, and marketing." This quotation shows the
complexity of brand patronage in the art world and the need to consider multiple factors when
evaluating its influence. Another example is the quote from Amalia Ulman, a new-media artist
based in Los Angeles, who notes that "They expect you to be super-professional on your side, but
then they're unprofessional on their side." This quotation illustrates the challenges that artists face
when working with brands and the need for more standardized fees, contracts, and best practices
to protect their interests. By using these voices, the author has presented a multifaceted view of the
topic and prompted thoughtful discussion for readers. Overall, the author’s decision to use
quotations is effective and improves the persuasiveness of the article.

Another one of the rhetorical devices that the author uses is allusion. In the article, the author
alludes to the Medicis, who were famous art patrons during old times, and compares them to
modern-day brands such as Nike and PepsiCo. This allusion highlights the historical context of art
patronage and its evolution, helping the readers understand the significance of this shift in
patronage. The article also refers to contemporary artists like Takashi Murakami, Yayoi Kusama, and
Jeff Koons, who have previously collaborated with brands like Louis Vuitton. This reference helps
demonstrate how the relationship between art and commerce has been established for several
years, and how it has become more prevalent in recent times. Additionally, the author uses allusion
to highlight the changing relationship between art and commerce, and the blurred lines between
philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, and marketing. The author uses references to social
media to demonstrate how brands are increasingly positioning themselves as patrons of creative
culture with the goal of capturing the attention of the public. The use of allusion in the article helps
to contextualize the current trend of brands investing in art and artists, while also providing
historical and cultural insights into the role of brand patronage in the art world.