ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC SESNING DRONE

Rajasekhar Chandana Venkateswara Rao Rajini Gudipudi

DepartmentofElectricalandElectronics
Engineering
V.R.SiddharthaEngineeringCollege
Vijayawada, India
rajj.studies@gmail.com
DepartmentofElectricalandElectronics DepartmentofElectricalandElectronics
Engineering Engineering
V.R.SiddharthaEngineeringCollege V.R.SiddharthaEngineeringCollege
Vijayawada, India Vijayawada, India
drbvrao@vrsiddhartha.ac.in rajinigudipudi1674@
gmail.com

Akshith Roy Kopuri Sri Jayanth Javvaji

DepartmentofElectricaland Electronics DepartmentofElectricaland Electronics
Engineering Engineering
V.R.SiddharthaEngineeringCollege V.R.SiddharthaEngineeringCollege
Vijayawada,India Vijayawada,India
akshithroy007@gmail.com jsrijayanth@gmail.com

Abstract— A major problem in our rapidly changing society

is traffic congestion. The management of traffic using the
conventional method is difficult due to the increase in the congestion index ranking
usage of more private automobiles and the limited capacity 80
of the road network. The number of automobiles per
household and on the road increases along with the 70
exponential growth in population. As quickly as possible, a 60
quick fix should be implemented to minimize traffic
50
congestion. The use of conventional techniques may not be
an effective and meaningful remedy for different types of 40
traffic congestion. The internet of things (IoT), machine 30
learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI) are currently
20
playing significant roles in the resolution of several real-
world issues. Therefore, using AI, ML, and IoT to this issue 10
can result in the best possible solutions. 0
Dec/19 Mar/20 Jun/20 Sep/20 Jan/21
Keywords—Traffic,AI, IoT, ML. mumbai bengaluru new delhi pune

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Fig 1. Congestion index ranking in India in 2020

All over the world, India is the highest congestion country. Magnetic loop detectors were already employed to count the
Traffic congestion in cities has become worse over the past number of cars that pass over them. Systems for video
several decades, having a detrimental impact on everyday life monitoring that rely on vision have a variety of advantages over
for people as well as limiting steady economic and societal prior technologies. In these kinds of systems, a considerably
growth. Travel time, air pollution, and financial losses all rise wider range of traffic characteristics, including vehicle classes,
as a result of traffic congestion. Governments work harder than lane changes, parking spaces, etc., may be measured in addition
ever to control and relieve traffic congestion, but the effort is to vehicle counts.
challenging due to the complexity of the issue. It is very
challenging to predict. The dynamic and linked nature of traffic
congestion also reflects the complexity of the situation. It can CONGESTION PERCENTAGE
spread to nearby road segments from a busy road segment.Fully
autonomous analysis of traffic congestion is challenging to do
AROUND THE WORLD
due to their complexity.
Fundamental data for a range of transportation initiatives, from
transportation planning to contemporary intelligent 36%
transportation, include traffic counts, speed, and vehicle 28%
PERCENTA 36%
classification. Even yet, sensors are still used by "Traffic GE
53%
56%
Monitoring" and "Information Systems" connected to vehicle 63%
classification to estimate road conditions.We chose 2019 data 65%
due to the COVID 19 pandemic. There aren't enough cars on 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
the road to rely on data. NEW YORK VANCOUVER PARIS JAKARTA
MOSCOW BOGOTA MUMBAI

Fig 2. Congestion index ranking around the world

Ⅱ. THE TRAFFIC SENSING MODULE
The first parameter is the image from the stage before it, and the
There are several approaches to reduce traffic congestion, but other is defined by another function by creating a flat structuring
none of them has been very successful. Real-time traffic data is element with the specified neighborhood. The central
collected using a camera mounted on a drone that is flown component of the matrix is its origin or center.
through the traffic in order to provide the percentage of traffic.
D. Vehicle Enhancement
The data is then sent back to a computing device where it is
analyzed, computed, and converted into percentage figures The video analysis includes the identification of moving
before being made available to the general public to check on vehicles. It may be applied to a variety of situations, including
traffic details video surveillance, traffic monitoring, and person tracking.
Frame difference is one of numerous motion segmentation
A. Capturing Image. methods. The frame difference approach is simple to use and has
a low computing complexity; because the difference between the
We can take the recorded picture from a live camera that can current frame and the reference frame is greater than the
record an image every ten seconds. However, for my study, we threshold, it is regarded as a moving vehicle.
will take the video, split it into frames, and capture a frame
around every few seconds. Another approach Even when the camera moves, the optical
flow approach can detect moving objects, but it takes more time
If we utilize the camera, we should mount it in a stable location
due to its computational complexity and is particularly noise-
to prevent vibration.
sensitive.
B. Foreground Detector
The Foreground Detector, which has a significant impact on the
filter and may identify the ground, is regarded as the most
crucial function in this code. Using Gaussian Mixture Models,
the foreground detector finds the foreground (GM-
M).Additionally, Foreground Detector converts the picture type
from "RGB" to "Gray" and then "Binary" and performs various
levels of filtering. Images are converted to binary format by
replacing each pixel with one of two values: white (logical 1) if
the pixel's brightness is equal to or greater than the level, or
black (logical 0) otherwise. The specified level must fall Fig 4. original frame taken from video
between [0, 1].
E. Vehicle tracking

Vehicle tracking involves continuously identify the detected

vehicle sequence and is done by specifically marking the
boundaries around the detected vehicle.
Vehicle tracking is a challenging problem. Difficulties in
tracking vehicles can arise due to abrupt vehicle motion,
changing appearance pattern of the vehicle, and vehicle to
vehicle
In my paper we use also from Foreground Detector Blob
Fig 3. original frame taken from video
Analysis function. This function detects the vehicles and then
C. Image Enhancement from the bounding box we get the size of the detected vehicles.
After that, we draw a rectangle around the detected vehicle.
Digital pictures are modified throughout the image
enhancement process to make them more suited for display or F. Data Transmission
in-depth examination. For instance, by removing noise, the item
will be simpler to detect. With the exception of image rode 1. Camera: Camera is used to take the video recording.
method, image enhancement is the same as that utilized in 2. Raspberry pi 4b:It is used to transmit the data from the
image detection and video detection. The function designated camera to user interface
for this operation is used to first remove tiny linked components 3. Data collecting and Traffic sensing unit:it holds the data in
and objects from the binary picture. These items are below the the memory or USB services.
stated threshold in terms of pixel count. For instance, if we set 4. Data transmitting unit: using5GHZradio signal the data is
the threshold to 10 pixels, any item with a size lower than 10 transmitting through to display.
would be removed. One of the most crucial and challenging
prehending approaches is removing the image's noise, but after
this is done, the task will get simpler. Data
cam Raspb collectin
Transmitti
ng data MQTT
The second phase enlarges and smoothed out the white regions era erry pi g and BROKER

while filling in the black sections close to borders and 4B traffic

sensing
perimeters. Dilate process has two parameters: one to define the
kind of shape you want to draw and the other is a size of matrix
containing 1s and 0s; the location of the 1s defines the Fig 5. Block diagram of data transmitting
neighborhood for the morphological operation.
Ⅲ. UAV MODULE Ⅴ. RESULTS

Processed data from drones. To produce a sorted, useful, and
coherent data collection, hundreds or even thousands of photos
are recognized, grouped, and/or stitched together, Measured.
Drone data is frequently processed to create data products, such
a map or computer model, that may be precisely geolocated
and/or verified.
On a laptop with an Intel Core i5 (2.4 GHz) CPU and 8GB RAM,
we executed the algorithm. iNTEX IT-305 WC camera is
included.We did test flights in city traffic and flew the drone for
ten minutes in a steady position above a highway. Most cars can
be tracked and classified by the system with success. However,
due to the vehicle speeds, tests conducted in city traffic were
superior to those conducted on highway data. Due to their speed,
two-wheelers made up the majority of the vehicles the system
missed on highways. Figures display some of our system's
outcomes.

Fig6. Complete Quadcopter under its development phase.

Ⅳ. LITERATUREREVIEW

Utilizing an open tool for image processing, the number of cars

is computed by first displaying various image conversions on
the screen and then enclosing the box around the vehicle in the
provided picture. By comparing the four aspects of the image Fig7.. detecting vehicles by drone module
that is provided as input, they may use the MatLab tool to
determine the vehicle's density. They can replicate the output
of the four provided input photos; however, this cannot be
utilized in real-time applications since the software is extremely
inefficient and not freely available [1].

Intelligent Traffic Signal System Based on Density The

optimization of a city's traffic light controller utilizing IR
sensors and a PIC microprocessor. It was successfully
attempted to reduce the possibility of traffic congestion caused
by traffic signals by adopting this system. The number of
passing vehicles during a specific time period on the road
determines the traffic density range, and a microcontroller
determines the traffic signal delays for the following recording
interval based on the vehicle count. Through connection
between the microcontroller and the computer, the recorded
data may be downloaded to the computer [2].
Fig7.classification of detected vehicle
The projectis a simulation of a four-way intersection in a real-
world situation. The RFID idea is utilized to turn the
ambulance's lane green and so offer a stoppage-free path for the Ⅵ. CONCLUSION
ambulance in the first section, which focused on problems faced
by ambulances. The second section, which focuses on issues This method of traffic detection, which may be used in locations
with Priority vehicles, employs IR transmitters and receivers to with regular traffic and is extremely effective, is very helpful in
turn the vehicles' lane Green and therefore reduce traffic high traffic regions where the traffic cause cannot be determined
congestion. IR transmitter and receiver are utilized to offer by foot. In order to effectively collect the data, we have shown a
dynamic traffic management in the third segment, which is vision-based system for the efficient recognition and counting of
focused on Traffic density control. The project is a simulation moving cars on roadways.
of a four-way intersection in a real-world situation [3]
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