TEST CODE 01207020

FORM TP 2022050 MAY/JUNE 2022

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONs coUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE*

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper02-General Proficieney
2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists Answer ALL.

of SIXquestions in TWO sections, questions.
2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4 Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated with diagrams.

5. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page., you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

6. Ifyou use the extra pagels), you MUSTWrite the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra pagels) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO So.

Copyright C 2020 Caribbean Examinations Council

Al rights reserved.

01207020/MJ/CSEC 2022
 SECTION A

Answer ALL questkons.

Germination involves the breakdown of food stores ina seed. Figure I shows the results of an
where s0 germinating seeds were exposed to varying concentrations ol polutants in
cpenncni,
wnter.

GERMINATION OF 50 SEEDS IN POLLUTED WATER

illed
Concentration of poluted water (7)
Water)

Figure 1. Germination of 50 seeds in different concentrations

of polluted water

(a)ListFOUR factors, other than pollution, that can affect the germination of seeds.
Temperature
*********************************************************epneeaa **************s

pH
***********************************************************tes********a******
Oxygen *e*rennssmeensoa

**************emee*smesmsssa*ss*****sauasuasars

Water
*************************** ******************** *****************************suueeo sassn
(4 marks)

(6) State the aim of the experiment.

To investigate how the level of pollutant concentration in water affects seed germination.
************

. . . . . . . .

*****************t**********

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01207020/MJ/CSEC 2022
 5-

C Using Figure 1, explain how he concentration of polluted water allects gertiinatio a

EACH of the tollowing concentrations:

() 1%

There were minimal effects on seed germination, almost ****

all the seeds germinated and the pollutant concentration

was low, there was no effect on the physical or chemical
processes of germination.
* * * * * **"******************************"*""****

********

(marks)

(11) SU70

The germination rate was low because the

-auustuann

concentration of pollutants was high and it affected the

chemical processes of germination only 50% of the
aasasaanusuneaasnnas snsaassnaaatsnnaaaa sseaassnsae *t*es *uaunnasssun*******rm********************

plants germinated.

***************s** ******

m a r k s i

(d) The research team provided the results of the experiment toa farmer. State TWO ways
in which the farmer can use the data to improve his farming practices.

1. Reduce the contamination of water used on the seedlings

2. To predict the outcome

suasssmmnn** s**** of the germination percentage, based
e*stmeesnsssaseasanusssmnnnaanseasnasssnuus*
on the quality if water used on the farm.
assttaassnsussesanarror ***aassssnnns*************************sauaassssa******suuass*sna ****t*nn *****rmassnnaanaeses

*s*ssss*****ssemssnmm***reseness******************s******mene******assea******snasss*********************w*****
(2 marks)

(c) (0) On Figure 1, clearly place an X on the bar that represents the results of the control.

mark
(ii) Give ONE reason for your answer in (e) (0).

*
No pollutant was present in that experiment so it may be
* * ************ asnse

used as a control to show whats happens on the norm.

*********

amark

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01207020/MJcSEC 2022

L
 seedlings and
miaoc
co s th growth
investignted the growth of
some
eena in able 1.
The data are
pr0 Oed
a human baby over a 30-day period.
GROwTH IN SEEDLINGS
IABLE 1: DATA COLLECTED TO INVESTIGATE
AND HUMAN BABY

Length of Human Baby (em)

Day Height of Seedling (em)|
10

4
J0

data obtained for both the seedling and the baby.

Sg
0 provided on page 7. plot the
h e Same scales and axes. Provide a suitable ttle lor the graph. (6marks)

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207020MJCSEC 2022 THE NEXT PAGE

L
 .1

Trtle tor
gra
* **raseseseseosang****sa*usssnmusenanaswsesmusnasnens.esnessunsssnasmssssenaasnse

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01207020/MJCSEC 2022
 Suggest TWO ways in which the growth of ihe baby e s n e Browth o f

the seedings.

The baby's length is higher than the height of the st sanan**** *a***********nsa***

seedling over the same period of time

*******a*a*************srstnatn*****sssetm****

********************************** *a*rae
***************************************************

The height of the seedling changes faster than that of nrataamna ***********sssnsess*****tnarne.s
****************************asas*******************

the baby.
sssanan****************semssss
***********************************************

marks)
(1) Suggest ONE similarity between the growth o f the baby and thne growth o f the

lings.
They both increase with time
............eutusssuss.nenstetns.. r. u **********************************atr

mark)

(h) Deseribe how the seedlings' height is mecasured using a ruler.

Place the centimeter rule along the seedlin with the zero
************** **********************************************************trns

mark on the soil surface.

(I mark)

1) Suggest ONE example that shows that an increase in cells is NOT always due to growth.

meiosis
********* * * *

***************************************mseennesse********

************************************************************s*****aas

mark)

Suggest ONE Inetor that should be consIdercd belore making a conclusion trom the aaa
1able
Starting lenght or height
* *************a*t********n*********a******sss******************stnntsnnsmemesee+
**************************

***smrame*****************m.astmmmaaaaanses mesasenremsaassuuanss****su**************************aa********* .
mark
Total 25 marks

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01297020/MJ CSEC -022 PAGE
 2. (a) Define EACH of the
following tems
() Saprophytic nutrition

Obtaining nutrients from dead and decaying organisms

**********asmmeusesnesn**a******************** ******************

ark)

(i) Heterotrophic nutrition

Obtaining nutrients from other organisms
**********snasmasmasasmasmsmuomee****************aasmesuneuns

The intake and breaking down of organic substances.

****************i***********************************************ntsaassssnatnam**************** *****

(1 mark)

(in) Autotrophic nutrition

producing own food or nutrients

*****************************mammmm*******aaama********************************a****************

***
*************************************************************************** ****

(mark)

(6)Complete Table 2 identify ing TWO saprophytes and their food sources.

TABLE 2: SAPROPHTES AND THEIR FOOD SOURCES

Saprophyte Food Souree

Mold carb rich foods like stale bread

mushrooms Dead Plant materials

(4 marks)

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01207020/NMJ CSEC 2022

L
 -10

materials required
tor making nutrients rreach
e
which the raw
(c) Explain TWO processes by
the leaves of a plant.
* ****** ** "******
********

Transpiration: water is absorbed from the soil by the root hairs

******************************************************

cells through the process of osmosis. and due to capillary action **********
* * * * * * * * * * *
****** **********

water molecules move into the xylem and as temperature goes

********************************** **

up transpiration pull happens and a continuous stream of water

* ********

********** *
************ **********

*************** **** *

will go up to the leave from the soil. ***" **** *** *********

* *********** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

************************************************

Diffusion: when the guard cell get turgid the stomata opens and
***********************
*****************

carbon dioxde diffuses from a higher concentration to a lower

concentration in the leaves
********
**"********************** ** *** *** **

********

** *******s****** - ******************************** * *************

*****************
**************************************************************** ************************

******************
*******************************
**************************************************************** *

**********************************************************************************************************************************

(4 marks)

(d) Young seedlings use all the nutrients stored in their cotyledons to start their growth. Explain
the process by which the seedlings make more nutrients to continue their growth.
when the seedlings start to grow they will have their first leaves
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

******************************

they will start making food by photosyntesis

* *** ******************** *

**
* * *

******************************************

sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll in the leaves

************************ * * ************************
**
*********** *********** ***********'***

Water is absorbed by the roots and moves to the leaves through the xylem
* *** * *********' * * *
********
********************************* **

Carbon dioxide goes

******************* into ***************************.
the stomata *************************************************
******************* ****

The absorbed light splits water molecules into

*********** hydrogen******************
********************** ions and oxygen *****

gas
*************
*********** ************************************* *****
******

******* * ********************************************

************ **************************** ***** * * * *

*** *********************************** ******

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks
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01207020/MJ/CSEC 2022 TO THE NEXT PAGE
 gureDelow shows a typical plant cell and a typical animal cell

Fiant Cell Anlmal Cell

Figure 2. Typical plant cell and typical animal cell

(a) ldentity the structures labelled A, B, C and D.

Cell Membrane
Cell wall **********"************ *

Cytoplasm
********************************"

Vacuole 4 4

(4 marks)

( 1 1 ) S a l e the runction or any T i k E : 01 h e struclures dentihed in (a) (1).

Cell wall: Maintains the shape of the cell

Cytoplasm: holds the organelles and is the site for chemical

asssssssnaan**********

reactions.
**
********************************************** **************************************

cell membrane: controls what enters an dleaves the cell

****

(3 marKS)

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PAGE
01207020MJ CSEC 2022

L
 12

Tield trip.
b)
eedfwo specimens, A and
B, from a seashore during her BioloEY
pecinens
and
She used a
microscopeoto detertine which
deterinine w
structures
were present nB.e
a Specimen A contained more deia than
mitochondria than dpeeSpecimen
* E C S w O rcasons why Specimen A had more mitochondria than >pecimeh B,

Specimen A may have more that specimen b becauseasaaanmua****

*********eemaas snesrene********
it is a S*****e**anme

bigger organism and carries out more cellular activities.

r s t a**************sssstus

**** s u a a a n e ***************a******a****s

Specimen A may move more than specimen B so A requires **** ******************i*

sme******************
more energy.
******************as*****uauuaau usas aeaausmassnan s

** *satnasanaa*s****** **** ********st**

*********************ssas * * * * * * ** * * +****

****

ssanesnnsna sv****ammeses********
maseaana **ov***

4marKs)

(C Usng TWO named examples, explain why cell specialization is important tor cels to
function Chectivcly.

* * *

Sperm Cells: The cell is specialized by developing a tail or flagella

which enables them to swim effectively through the female
reproductive system

phagocytes are adapted to turn into a specific shape to engulf or

take over microbes ......aa....
. . . . .

* * * * * * * * * *

**

A marks)

Total 15 marks

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01207020/MJ/CSEC 2022
 -13.

SECTION B

Answer ALL questions.

4. (a) Define EACH of the

following terms:

(i) Climate change

The long term changes in weather and temperature patterns.
***********ssssnanareenes asmsrsssse ****

mark)
i) Population

the number of the same species livng and interacting in the

same area at once.
********************** ee

mark)

b) State FOUR methods that

may be used to conserve the environmen
Practicing reforestation
*********************************sasusass

Using renewable energy

* **********************************************************

Practice proper garbage disposal

reduce the use of non biodegradable materials

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * a masa************asa *asnnnsn*essasa nar

*****************sn*********as***eosuasannsano

**************************** *** *s*

**sauaesuu**essmmeaa nas****************************suasamasanuse n***** s s

marks)

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01207020/MJICSEC 2022
 Using
the past
iew
dedes. ing
THREE
A y lend
over
to an
i n c c a * * *
ous d
diseases
climate has wamneu w a r m i n E

(c)
h e
carth's
CNAmples, explain how

***********************..
reg
within the Caribbea

******* **************************ints
****aammanaa*snaaea

The warmer times due to global warming will contribute to more - a*raa****************ra*aiss

**
mosquitos including the aedes aegypti mosquito which transmits the
dengue virus. This viral infection may spread rapidly
.....urasssbasnshr** due to the
*****************************ensne
a****
"*

warmer climates
* **** *****************e

isasssssaaaxsisngtsn*********

Cholera can also be on a rise, it is caused****

by water contaminated
*****1e55
with
the vibrio cholerae bacteria and the warmer temperatures will cause
the bacteria to multiply and increasing the probability of infection. **

* *****

+********ta*ssta*******nng

Flu: Warmer temperatures may increase the movement and activites

of most pathogens that causes airborne diseases. ***********************s***ssnndna

* ***************************
********

****

**********
*****
. uur********************a***sssnm

. s***aaaaan*******t
********

***

uasssrm...... tsaasneesnerroasasroos****
-***asttastrmetsastsauasn** R*aanasn***********

******

* **************saarms*sasastme************** *******

** *****
* nsssmereer-asasnsuaeasaas amsrm************atsss*ntsaatatn**************

*******tnthe*******sd smssathaaantamntasnnas******atna**************************************"*****************************************tt*

* **sssasnata********* ***atnaata**maasattm***ntaa****************************

(6 marks

O20702OMJCSEC202 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

 -15-

Climate c everely impact Small Island Developing States (SDs) wihin othef
O s I O T e Betrons tmar c a n De a k e n t uuee e
Climate nange.

*******ass**** asusr akaasmassome**aauaaaaaaaaa

Invest in renewable energy

promote proper waste disposal

and invest in electric cars so that less car exhaust wil go into the
****************sannsmmmaaes*eu***
sasshtssso*t*****thtms**smetseaaea*********

atmosphere
****** * * * * * * *

*******ussa *** aattannsaa sa***********

asaaasesmnnenpeaenu ta************"

************ sesmenmrsmaset ssesssasss

marks)

Total 15 marks

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DI207020/MJ CSEC 202

 we

5. Ells received blood test fromm his doctor. His test results hoeo s blood
ta a

while his red bO

e
and platelet levels were normal
function
EACTOTuE
DDON
Ceomponents,
Lmplete Table 3 below to show ONE o
FUNCTIONS
COMPONENTS AND
TABLE 3: BLOOD

unction

Blood Componcn

Red blood cen Transports oxygen to the cells of the body

White blood cell
helps to protect the body from pathogens
Plateiet aids with the clotting of blood
(3 marks)

tound in the blood.

Name THREE other substances which are
(
Urea, Oxygen, Plasma, Haemoglobin.

***********

(3 marks)

(b) Ellis received additional tests which revealed that he has sicKIC-cell aaemiia. Suggest
ONE way in which E l i s red blood cells may diller t r n a person who does NOT have

sickle-cell anaemil
His blood cells are crecent shaped in stead of the usual biconcave
shape of a normal human red blood cell.
*** an***

*****aasaa*********** ****** aatmmaane tauuas**a****mm******** e***********

"**

HBanaaea ? marks)
2m

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| 207020/MU.CSEC 2022
 -17

(c) Ellis
becomes concerned th 0eop sCKIeCell anacia. His doctor
ecu his wife's blood and told E
to
cel arnaemia. With the use of a genetic diaura caplan possible for Ellis
to have a child
with sickle-cell anacmia.

Onote the allele for the sickle-cell trait and A the allele for the normal
trait,

Phenotype (tather): . Sickle Cell Normal Blood

heno9 pe (mouer

Genoty pe (father): SS AA
Phenotype (mother)
Uenctie cross:

A A

S
AS AS

S AS AS

Eaplanstion
all the offspring will have a copy of the allele for normal blood because
sickle sell is a recessive trait all the offspring will have normal red blood
cells but will be sickle cell carriers

uasssHSESEuussssuusssssssssssss

7 marks)

S marks

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207020 NMJCSEC 2022

L
 6.
* Ana nas a 28-day nenstrual cycle. Figure 3 shows the changes which occur im Ama s uterine

ng during her hienstrual

c)cle. estrogen

progesterone

2 2s 76 27 2
&9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Figure 3. Changes occurring in Anna's uterine lining

N a f n e the T wO sex hormones which are assOCiated with the metisr u

Progesterone and estrogen

******************sssssesnooror**saass ***a**********a******

(n) On Figure 3, sketch a line for EACH hormone to show how the levels of the sex
homones named in (a) ) change over the 28-day cycle. Label EACH line.
marks)

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01207020/NMJCSEC 2022

L
 0 y became pregnant. Explain the elfect that preganey w"**
have on te Two
seN hornnienes named in
(a) (i)

The estrogen will gradually increase and estrogen incresses blood

flow and enlarges the uterus , stimulates mammary gland
development
aaatmeant****a and relaxes pelvic ligaments i t*******tetant ttns******

The progesterone will also increase and this will: strengten

**********

muscles for labour, prevent eggs from maturing and prevent

uterine contractions
******

- P **********t*ebaattanart******

(mar
Anna decides that she does want
to have any
A e r ue uelvery
ot a
healthy baby boy, not
Oner childfen at this time. she, however, wishes to nave anoner cnua m uc uu

Kecommend ONE Suitlable birth control method which Anna could use to prevent

Pe
She could use an IUD
mark)

and OnE disadvantage or the birth control method

K)State Two
advantages

An IUD is very effective and it is long term but bleedingn may

******

occur and stds are possible

**************

* a ************

(B marks

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01207020MJCSEC 2022
 20

and intections
tron
eLaly
methods can prevent both pregnancy
0 n control
ransmitfed discaes.

() State 1 wO sexunly tansmitted diseases.

Herpes HIV
******snanaanaaenaaann*itaaanannn
********aaa*****tm*******************

****aaanaaaaaa*****aansummer*****1shasitssseaes*******

( marks

birth control method which would be etfective

at preventing pregnaney
dentty a
AND infections from sexually transmitted infections.

Condoms
*******tsessnsstnssssssasuaneuunnsss sasnesssoa snbtsr **************sttnm*******

(mark)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IFYOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALILED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

01207020/MJICSEC 2022
 -21

EXTRA SPACE
Ifyou ue AUa
page. you MUST write the ided.
question number clearly in the Dox
pro
guetion No

a sast *********************************

************"****

mmusmesasasammemeun

*************** *****************antaaastia

****

D1207020NIJ/CSEC 2022