1

Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering

and Information Technology
Rahim Yar Khan

Department of Software Engineering

Session: 2019-2023

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for degree of

Software Engineering

FYP (Final Year Project)

Supervisor: Mam Sidra Shabir

Co-Supervisor: Sir. Arslan Kayum
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Project Title
Real Estate Decentralize land system
By

Name Registration.no
Dania Shakeel SWEN19111179
Ahmad Raza SWEN19111109
Syed Aveed Ali SWEN19111081
M. Hammad SWEN19111084
Naima Shoukat SWEN19111129
 Declaration
We hereby state that our project “Real Estate Decentralize land system” i s our own idea and
we are working on it by our own. This project is our own work and has not been
submitted previously by us for taking any degree from Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan or anywhere else in the country/world.
At any time if our statement is found to be incorrect even after our graduation the university has
the right to withdraw our bachelors of science in software engineering degree.

_______________________

SWEN19111179

_______________________

SWEN19111109

_______________________

SWEN19111081

_______________________

SWEN19111084

_______________________

SWEN19111129

Declaration Report

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Project Guide (Internal)
Project Guide (External)
Documentation Leader

Plagiarism Undertaking
We solemnly declare that this project report titled “Real Estate Decentralize land system” is
solely our original work with no significant contribution from any other person. Small
contribution/help wherever taken has been duly acknowledged and that complete project report
has been written by us.
We understand the zero-tolerance policy of the HEC and Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan towards plagiarism. Therefore, we
as an author of the above titled project report declare that no portion of our project report has
been plagiarized and any material used as reference is properly referred.
We undertake that if we are found guilty of any formal plagiarism in the above titled project
report even after award of BS degree, the University reserves the rights to withdraw/revoke
our BS degree.

_______________________

SWEN19111179

_______________________

SWEN19111109

_______________________

SWEN19111081

_______________________

SWEN19111084

_______________________

SWEN19111129

Plagiarism Undertaking Report

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Project Guide (External)
Documentation Leader

Abstract
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Land registration authorities are frequently held accountable for the alleged mismanagement and
manipulation of land records in various countries. Pakistan’s property records are especially
vulnerable to falsification and corruption because of the country’s poverty. Different parties
therefore claim varying degrees of authority over a specific piece of land. Given the fact that this
data has been consolidated, it has become significantly more vulnerable to security threats. The
goal of decentralized system research has been to increase the reliability of these systems. In
order to fix the flaws of centralized systems, blockchain-based decentralized systems are
currently in development. By using significant land record registration models as the basis for this
research, we hope to create a proof-of-concept system or framework for future use. Pakistan’s
land registration agency will benefit from our proposed conceptual framework. For the Pakistani
government to implement a decentralized land record registry system, we propose a conceptual
framework that outlines the essential components.

_______________________

SWEN19111179

_______________________

SWEN19111109

_______________________

SWEN19111081

_______________________

SWEN19111084

_______________________

SWEN19111129

Abstract

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INDEX

Sr.No Table of Contents Pg. No

1 Software project synopsis 6

2 Feasibility study report 8

3 Use case analysis document 12

4 Software requirement specification 14

5 Software project plan 17

6 Software implementation document 19

7 UML Diagram 29

8 Project Closing 30

9 Conclusion 30

10 Progress Report 31

11 References 34

SR No. List of Figures Pg. No

1 Project flow diagram 21

2 Land drawing on a Map 22

3 Blockchain transactions details on Ganache 24

4 Homepage of DAPP 25

5 Login page of DAPP 25

6 Ownership transfer page of DAPP 26

7 Smart Contract overview on Ropsten Testnet 26

8 Ownership transfers generated document 27

9 Ownership transfer page of DAPP 27

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Software Project Synopsis

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Project Guide (External)
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1. CONTEXT
Blockchain technology emerged as a game-changer during the second decade of the 21st century, revolutionizing
software development practices. Its impact is akin to the advent of the iPhone in 2007. The technology is disruptive
and has the potential to become a ubiquitous part of everyday life, enabling greater transparency in business operations

2. PROBLEM
The Property Registry is a use case that involves multiple intermediaries to establish trust in the system. However, the
existing solutions for property registry are outdated and ineffective. Maintaining thousands of land records is a
challenging task, especially when most of these records are not digitized, or it takes a long time to digitize them. As a
result, tracking ownership of properties becomes a daunting task

3. SOLUTION

The transparent nature of blockchain technology makes it possible to create a traceable system for property ownership
transfers. With its immutable, auditable, and traceable features, governments worldwide are exploring the potential of
blockchain in land registry processes. In our project, we aim to develop a trustworthy and transparent system for
property record-keeping. To achieve this, we propose the use of a Decentralized Application (DAPP) that will serve as
a one-stop-shop for all land-related transactions, including buying, selling, and registration of land transfers.

Feasibility Study Report

Approvals Signature Block

Project Responsibility Signature Date

Project Guide (Internal)
Project Guide (External)
Documentation Leader

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1. INTRODUCTION

Blockchain technology enables the decentralized and continuously expandable booking of

transactions, with proper documentation of the respective state because multiple parties are
involved in the bookkeeping. This concept is known as Distributed Ledger Technology or
decentralized booking technology. The type of transaction being booked is not crucial.
What is important is that later transactions build on previous transactions and confirm their
correctness by demonstrating knowledge of past transactions. The bookings need not
necessarily involve property transfers but can also include formal confirmation of the
existence of all necessary documents by the notary to facilitate a notarized land purchase
agreement. This approach can speed up individual processing steps of the ownership
transfer process and make it more transparent, so that parties involved can have a real-time
overview of the proceedings
1.1 PURPOSE

A blockchain is a continuously expanding list or chain of records, known as blocks, that

are interconnected via encrypted data exchange. Each block typically contains a reference
to the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. One of the most widely
recognized applications of blockchain technology is the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. The
transparency and tamper-proof nature of blockchain technology stem from the fact that all
transaction data on the blockchain is visible to all clients and stored in a traceable manner,
making it impossible to alter the information
1.2 CURRENT SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES

The involvement of middlemen and brokers makes the process expensive and tedious. There are
a lot of fraud cases due to fake ownership. There is a significant time delay – two to three
months from registration to completion.
Land registration is prone to error as human interaction increases the probability of errors.
Current digitized method of property registration occurs on a centralized server which has the
following disadvantages – can be misused, tamper able, lack of transparency, inefficient. Multiple
Agencies such as - Land Records, Survey, Courts, Bank, and Registration Department) and the
lack of coordination amongst them

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1.3 SYSTEM OBJECTIVES

The idea of implementing a blockchain-based solution for land registry or expanding the existing system is
driven by the numerous potential applications of blockchain technology. The objective of this
implementation is to provide:

Faster implementation of pending ownership transactions in the land register.

Automated notifications of ownership changes or changes in the land register.
Greater transparency of transactions for customers regarding changes in land ownership.
A platform for digital archiving of contracts and files among stakeholders, allowing for more flexibility
and robustness.
Enhanced security for all actors involved in land registry procedures, thanks to increased transparency.
By achieving these objectives, a blockchain-based land registry solution would offer numerous
benefits, including greater efficiency, speed, transparency, and security in land registry transactions.

1.4 ISSUES

Blockchain is best at transmitting small amounts of data. However new updates resolving this are
already in implementation. The blockchain technology is still at its nascent stage and there are
still some looming legal and administrative ramifications. It is also hard to talk about to users
because of its complexity.

1.5 ASSUMPTIONS AND CONSTRAINTS

Assumptions

1. Since it is a relatively new technology, the common people must be made aware
of the benefits and uses of a complex technology like Blockchain.

2. There should be no legal ramifications - the government or concerned higher

authorities must comply with implementing this new technology.

Constraints

1. Data must be accurate when it is entered, and records must include enough
information to be authoritative about the properties they are referring to.

2. Competition analysis can be necessary before setting up a blockchain. Many

blockchains allow anyone to see what has happened earlier in the blockchain, which
means competition sensitive information may be visible to rivals. This, as well as
other issues – e.g., restrictions on making horizontal joint ventures – need to be
dealt with

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2.RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

Blockchain technology has the potential for numerous applications in property registration.
Despite some limitations and questions that still need to be discussed, certain processes could
undoubtedly benefit from the implementation of blockchain technology. One such benefit is the
increased trust in the data stored in property registration systems, especially in developing and
transitional countries. Additionally, blockchain technology could reduce the time required to
register changes in property registration data, which can currently take several months to even up
to two years in some cases.

While the possibility of implementing an entire property registration system on blockchain is still
a topic of debate, there are some limitations to consider. Property registration systems typically
store a large amount of legal and spatial data, and using a permissionless blockchain would
require finding an alternative way of storing documents, such as in torrents or Interplanetary File
System. However, using permissioned blockchain systems, such as those implemented using
Hyperledger technology, may allow certain documents to be stored in blockchain.

Despite the limited number of peer-reviewed papers on the potential applications of blockchain in
property registration, some case studies have demonstrated its benefits. Further research in this
field is necessary to determine how blockchain technology can be best utilized in property
registration and bring its benefits to the field..

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Use Case Analysis Document

Approvals Signature Block

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Project Guide (Internal)
Project Guide (External)
Documentation Leader

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4. USE CASE TEMPLATE

Blockchain based User registration, Land registration ,transferring

5. USE CASE
ownership of land
Goal Use of Blockchain technology to improve the existing problems in
property registration.
Purpose
To make the process of property registration easy, fast, secure by
implementing on Blockchain technology
Preconditions User should have Ethereum account and some ETH in it for Gas
fees
Success Condition User is able to register himself, add property, other users are able to
see all properties, land inspector is able to transfer the
ownership of properties
Failed Condition User not able to access data

Primary Actors Contract owner

Land Inspector
Users i.e., Seller/Buyer
Trigger Contract Deployment, User registration
DESCRIPTION Step Basic Course of Action
1 Contract Deployment
2 Adding Land Inspector
3 User 1 say seller registers himself
4 User 2 say buyer registers himself
5 Land Inspector verify them
6 User 1 Adds property, Land Inspector verify the property
7 User 2 send request to buy the property, user 1 accepts the
request,
User 2 makes payment
8 Land Inspector verifies payment and transfers ownership

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Software Requirements Specification

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Project Guide (Internal)
Project Guide (External)
Documentation Leader

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1.SCOPE

The goal of this project is to use blockchain technology to create a new and improved system for
registering and transferring property. This will be done by creating a smart contract on the
Ethereum blockchain that includes all the necessary rules and regulations for property
registration. A decentralized application (DAPP) will also be developed using Flutter, which will
allow users to add and verify properties, store documents, and make buying and selling requests.
The DAPP will also facilitate payment transfers and ownership transfers once all conditions are
met.
The goal of this project is to replace existing property registration systems with the help of
completely online and decentralized blockchain based property registration system. Hence Scope
includes the following functionalities-

1. Developing a backend with smart contracts written in it incorporating all the rules and
regulation of a property registration and transfer mechanism. This smart contract would be
written in solidity programming language over an Ethereum blockchain.

2. Creating a Decentralized application or DAPP in flutter with following functionalities-

 Addition of property by the user
 Verification of user’s documents and property by the Land Inspector
 Storing of user’s documents
 Buying and selling requests for the property by the user
 Acceptation or rejection of the requests by the Land Owner
 Payment transfer from the property buyer to the seller.
 Verification of payment by land inspector and transfer of ownership

6. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

Smart Contract – This is the core of the project, written in a programming language called Solidity. It
contains all the rules and regulations for property transactions and can program conditional transactions.
Smart contracts are executed using the Ethereum blockchain.

Decentralized Application or DApp – This is a key component that allows users to interact with the
blockchain. DApps are not part of the blockchain itself but provide user interfaces for buyers, sellers,
notaries and land registries.

IPFS – As sensitive personal information is involved, the Interplanetary File storage system will be used to
store data. IPFS is a decentralized file storage system that provides high throughput, data distribution and
low latency.
1. MetaMask-

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A software cryptocurrency wallet which is used to interact with Ethereum blockchain. It allows
user to access their Ethereum wallet through a browser extension which is used to interact with
DAPP.

2. Ropstan Testnet-
Before launching the smart contract on the mainnet developer tests smart contracts in
production like environment called as Testnet. Ropstan Testnet is a proof of work testnet. This
means its best like for like representation of Ethereum.

3. Truffle suite-
To test the working of the smart contract, deployment of a contract and management of
blockchain transactions truffle suite is to be used. It comes with smart contract compilation and
deployment environment and asset pipeline for Ethereum testing of contract becomes easy. The
built in blockchain explorer Ganache examines all the blocks and transactions to gain the
insight of what’s happening under the hood.

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Software Project Plan

Approvals Signature Block

Project Responsibility Signature Date

Project Guide (Internal)
Project Guide (External)
Documentation Leader

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1. GOALS

The main goal of the project was to build a solution which consisted of a decentralized application.
The complete setup should serve the following purpose:
1. Provide an interface for the user to buy/sell their properties.
2. Provide an interface for the land inspector to verify the transactions involved in
property dealing and transfer the land ownership.
3. User should be able to carry out the deals easily and in transparent
manner.
4. Solution should be able to handle multiple users.
5. Generate a digitally verified ownership transfer document.

Project Goal Priority Comment/Description/Reference

Functional Goals:
Buyer / Seller solution
Land Inspector solution
2 providing seamless, secure, cheap and fast transfer of
land between buyer and seller
2 giving land inspector the authority to transfer
ownership of land to eliminate possibility of fraud

Technological Goals:
Write a Smart contract 1 Incorporate all the rules and regulations in form of a
smart contract
Develop front end UI 3 Develop a interface for the application

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System Implementation Document

Approvals Signature Block

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Project Guide (Internal)

Project Guide (External)

Documentation Leader

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1. IMPLEMENTATION

There are 5 main components of the project -

1. Flutter
2. Smart Contract
3. Truffle
4. MetaMask
5. web3.js

Flutter is an open-source cross-platform SDK developed by Google for creating applications for
Android, iOS, and web platforms using a single codebase. The front-end of the property
registration system was developed using Flutter, which allows users to login as a user, land
inspector, or contract owner. The contract owner can add land inspectors and view them on the
dashboard. Land inspectors can verify user information, verify land details, and transfer
ownership. Users can add lands, view land details, and send/receive land requests. Truffle IDE was
used to set up the DAPP.

Smart Contract A smart contract is a code that is stored on the blockchain and
can be used to execute specific instructions or rules based on pre-defined
conditions. It allows for the automation of certain processes and the embedding
of business logic directly onto the blockchain. In the case of this project, a smart
contract has been developed to serve as the backend of the property registration
system. This smart contract contains all the necessary rules and regulations for
the secure and efficient transfer of property registration. Smart contracts are a
powerful feature of blockchain technology, but their use requires careful
consideration of access and security, and different types of blockchains may be
more suitable for different use cases

Truffle - Truffle is a world-class development environment, testing framework and asset

pipeline for blockchains using the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), aiming to make life as a
developer easier. Truffle is widely considered the most popular tool for blockchain application
development with over 1.5 million lifetime downloads.

MetaMask - MetaMask is a software cryptocurrency wallet used to interact with the Ethereum
blockchain. It allows users to access their Ethereum wallet through a browser extension or
mobile app, which can then be used to interact with decentralized applications.

web3.js - Web3.js talks to The Ethereum Blockchain with JSON RPC, which stands for
"Remote Procedure Call" protocol. Ethereum is a peer-to-peer network of nodes that stores a
copy of all the data and code on the blockchain. Web3.js allows us to make requests to an
individual Ethereum node with JSON RPC in order to read and write data to the network. It's
kind of like using jQuery with a JSON API to read and write data with a web server.

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Flow Diagram –

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Project Flow -
3.1
● User logs in by entering his private key or connecting his MetaMask wallet.
● If user is logged in for first time, then they have to enter all his details and upload their
identity document,
● For storing documents, we have used IPFS based on File Coin.
● After successful login, user can now move to his dashboard.
● As of now, the user is not yet verified and only the land inspector can verify him.
● For this, the contract owner will first add the land inspector.
● After land inspector is added, he can log into his account.
● Land inspector can view the registered users. He can view the documents and verify
the users.
● Now the users are verified.
● Users can now add their lands. They can add all the details of land, land document and
user can also draw their land on map as we can see below image.

Drawing land on map

● After land adding, only the Land inspector can verify it.
● After land has been verified by the land inspector, user i.e. owner of that land can make it
on sell.
● Once it is on sale, all other users can see all the lands in the land Gallery option. Here
they can see all land details, area on the map and can send request to buy the land.
● Owner of land can see all received requests and can reject or accept the request.
● After the land owner accepts the request, user who has sent the request can make
payment from his account to buy the land.
● Finally, the land inspector can see all the payments done and will verify the payment and
then transfer the ownership. While transferring land, land seller, buyer and one witness
has to be present. Land inspector will capture their photo, will take information from the
witness and then transfer the land.
● After transferring land, app will create digitally signed document and it will be
automatically uploaded to the database.
● Then seller can see the bought land in my land option.

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2. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

Truffle - Truffle is an integrated development environment (IDE) that is used for testing and
developing decentralized applications, similar to the one we have created for our project. While
it's possible to manually write and compile Solidity code for small projects, it becomes
increasingly difficult as the project grows larger. This is where Truffle comes in handy, as it
provides an automatic way of developing smart contracts. Testing Solidity code is also critical to
avoid any issues caused by a bug in the smart contract. Truffle is one of several frameworks
available for this purpose, and is known as the "Swiss Knife" of Ethereum development due to its
versatility as a development environment, testing framework, and asset pipeline. For our project,
we used Truffle for both deployment and testing purposes

Ganache - Ganache is a software tool that simulates the Ethereum network, making it faster,
easier, and safer to develop Ethereum applications. Ganache includes a wide range of popular
RPC functions and features, such as events, and can be run deterministically to streamline
development. For testing purposes, we utilized Ganache to create a local blockchain. We were
able to deploy our smart contract and carry out transactions, all while running as many tests as
needed.

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3. RESULTS

Login Page - On the front screen, one can login as a user, land inspector, or contract owner.
The contract owner can add a land inspector and see all the added land inspectors. The land
inspector’s dashboard consists of the functionality to verify user, verify land and transfer
ownership. If we login as the user, we have the options of adding lands, land details, seeing all
lands, sending and receiving land requests.

Working - First user adds his land details which are verified by the land inspector. To buy or
sell land, user must send a request to land inspector. After the request has been

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accepted by land inspector the users can make the transactions. The transaction is verified by the
land inspector. After the transaction is verified, the ownership is transferred.

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4. CHALLENGES

There are certain limitations with using blockchain technology for property registration -

● Amount of data - blockchain is best at transmitting small amounts of data

● Technology is still early.

● Hard to explain and talk about to users.

● There must be a clear legal basis for enforcement of agreements made while setting
up the blockchain.

5. FUTURE SCOPE
Blockchain technology is a revolutionary concept that is being applied in various critical areas
where security is of utmost importance. As it continues to evolve, we must strive to leverage its
potential to the fullest. While the current solution for cloud storage offers basic functionalities,
there is significant room for improvement and the potential to provide more advanced features.

Deployment on mainnet or a private Ethereum network-The current blockchain network

has been deployed on the Ropsten testnet, which utilizes ETH from faucets that have no real-
world value or market. As we move forward, we plan to deploy the network on either the Mainnet
or a private Ethereum network based on our specific needs, so that it can be connected to the real
world.

Hosting the DAPP on a cloud platform- To handle the increasing number of users in real-
time, we plan to scale our application by hosting it on a cloud platform like AWS.

Collaboration with government agencies- In the final phase of our project, we plan to
collaborate with the government to test our DAPP and gather real-world feedback. This will help
us evaluate the effectiveness of our solution in real-time and make any necessary improvements
to ensure that it meets the requirements of government regulations and standards

6. UML Diagram

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Project closing
Final Review:
Performing a final evaluation of the project to confirm that all project
specifications have been satisfied, and that the project deliverables are comprehensive. Checking
that the smart contract code has undergone exhaustive testing and validation.

Stakeholder Acceptance:
To formally close the project, it is important to obtain the stakeholders'
approval that the project has been completed successfully. This involves verifying that all
requirements have been met and project deliverables are complete. Additionally, it is crucial to
ensure that the smart contract code has been thoroughly tested and validated. Once all of these
criteria are met, the stakeholders can provide formal acceptance and confirm their satisfaction with
the app's functionality and user experience.

Transfer Deliverables:
To transfer the application and all relevant documentation to the
stakeholders or organization, it is important to ensure that the application is properly configured
and deployed on the appropriate blockchain network. This involves preparing the necessary files
and data to be transferred, including the smart contract code, user interface, and any related
documentation. Once the files are prepared, they can be securely transferred to the stakeholders or
organization. It is also important to provide any necessary support and training to ensure that the
stakeholders are able to effectively use and maintain the application

Archiving:
Ensure that all project documentation, including the smart contract code, user manuals,
and technical specifications, are properly archived. It is important to store the documentation
securely and ensure that it can be easily accessed by stakeholders or the organization in the future..

Financial and Administrative Tasks:

Complete all the financial and administrative tasks associated with the project, which
includes finalizing project budgets, paying vendor invoices, and releasing any unused project
resources. Ensure that all the project expenses have been accounted for and resolved before
closing out the project.
Post-Project Review:
Performing a post-project evaluation is crucial to identify any valuable lessons
or best practices that can be implemented in future projects. Collect feedback from the project
team and stakeholders and document suggestions for improvements or enhancements. It is
essential to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the project and learn from any mistakes made.
This will help to ensure that future projects are even more successful..

CONCLUSION

The traditional property registration system has been found to have several shortcomings,
prompting researchers to address various issues such as record tampering, property misuse, and
poor financial management practices. In this context, the current study proposes a solution that can
enhance transparency and establish a reliable property registration system using blockchain
technology. The proposed infrastructure offers numerous features that can benefit stakeholders
involved in property transactions, including ensuring record integrity, transparency, and trust
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through the use of a tamper-proof ledger.

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Progress Report

1. Progress Identification

Project title DECENTRALISED REAL ESTATE SYSTEM

Group members Group #: 01

1 Ahmad raxa SWEN19111109
.
2 Dania Shakil SWEN19111179
.
3 Muhammad Hammad SWEN19111084
.
4 Syed Aveed Ali SWEN19111081
.
5. Naima Shoukat Swen19111129
Technical advisor(s)
Supervisior:
Name: Mam Sidra Shabir

Co-Supervisor
Name: Arslan Anjum
Designation: N/A

Approved financial N/A

sponsor(s)

2. USE CASE TEMPLATE

Blockchain based User registration,Land registration ,transferring

USE CASE
ownership of land

Goal Use of Blockchain technology to improve the existing problems in

property registration.
Purpose
To make the process of property registration easy,fast,secure by
implementing on Blockchain technology
Preconditions User should have ethereum account and some ETH in it for Gas
fees

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Success Condition User is able to register himself,add property,other users are able to see
all properties,land inspector is able to transfer the
ownership of properties
Failed Condition User not able to access data

Primary Actors Contract owner Land

Inspector
Users i.e. Seller/Buyer
Trigger Contract Deployment ,User registration
DESCRIPTION Step Basic Course of Action
1 Contract Deployment
2 Adding Land Inspector
3 User 1 say seller registers himself
4 User 2 say buyer registers himself
5 Land Inspector verify them
6 User 1 Adds property,Land Inspector verify the property
7 User 2 send request to buy the property,user 1 accepts the request,
User 2 makes payment

8 Land Inspector verifies payment and transfers ownership

Methodology

Concisely list down the principle milestones and associated deliverables that must be achieved in order
to accomplish the project objectives.

List of project Expected months Percent

S.No. Deliverable(s)
milestones to complete Completed
1. Making of smart Using solidity for the backend September 50
contract coding
2. Finalising the smart Implementing the concept of digital October 100
contract signature
3. Homepage screen Buttons that leads to next page November 100

4. Land inspector’s Land inspector details December 100

screen Backend coding web 3.0

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5. Seller’s screen Seller registration and registration of January 100

land which he wants to sell

6. Buyers screen Buyers registration to buy land February 100

7. Inclusion of map It will allow buyer to locate the land March 100
which he wants to buy
8. Documentation Complete Documentation April 90

9. May 0

10. June 0

11. July 0

12. August 0

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REFERENCES

[1].ALEXANDRU OPRUNENCO AND CHAMI AKMEEMANA. USING BLOCKCHAIN TO

MAKE LAND REGISTRY MORE RELIABLE IN INDIA,AVAILABLE:
https://www.undp.org/blog/using-blockchain-make-land-registry-more-reliable-india

[2]. GOVT OF INDIA SITE FOR BLOCKCHAIN IN LAND RECORDS:

https://blockchain.gov.in/landrecords.html

[3]DESIREE DANIEL AND CHINWE LFEJIKA SPERANZA.THE ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN

IN DOCUMENTING LAND USERS' RIGHTS,AVAILABLE:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00019/full

[4]. RESTORING TRUST IN PUBLIC LAND REGISTRIES,GEORGIA AVIALABLE:

https://www.newamerica.org/digital-impact-governance-initiative/digital-impact-and-governance-
initiative-projects/digi-blogs/project-capsule-georgia-land-titling-system/

[5] .I. KARAMITSOS, M. PAPADAKI, AND N. B. AL BARGHUTHI, “DESIGN OF THE

BLOCKCHAIN SMART CONTRACT: A USE CASE FOR REAL ESTATE,” JOURNAL OF
INFORMATION SECURITY, VOL. 9, NO. 03, P. 177, 2018.AVAILABLE:
https://www.scirp.org/pdf/jis_2018062815280747.pdf

[6].SOLIDITY PROGRAMMING DOCUMENTATION,AVAILABLE:

https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.11/

[7]ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN DEVELOPER’S DOCUMENTATION:

https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs

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