Sofia Rodriguez

HSTLAC
10/28/2023
An Inside View on the Convents in Cuzco, Peru

“Colonial Habits”, written by Kathryn Burns in 1999, is a remarkable exploration of the

complex history of convents in colonial Latin America. However, don’t let the seemingly

unassuming title deceive you; this book is a treasure trove of insights into the pivotal roles

played by convents in shaping the socio-economic and spiritual landscape of colonial Cuzco,

Peru.

Burn’s narrative is structured chronologically, providing readers with a comprehensive

view of the transformations and transitions experienced by the convents over the years. The

journey begins with the founding of the convents and culminates in their eventual decline. These

transitions offer a glimpse into the intersections of the convents with various sectors of society.

Central to the narrative are two convents: Santa Catalina and Santa Clara. Burns traces

their evolution, from modest beginnings to eventual collapse, providing readers with a deep

understanding of their immense influence on diverse aspects of colonial life. The book focuses

on how these institutions intersected with various sectors (Burns, 17 of society spanning

education to the economy (Burns, 145), challenging the traditional view of nuns as peripheral

figures in colonial history.

“Colonia Habits” introduces two central themes: the concept of a “spiritual economy”

and the divisions within the convents. The term “spiritual economy” is used to analyze the

investments and relationships that allowed the convents and investors to thrive (Burns, 133).

This concept underscores the convents’ significance in shaping the colonial order by

participating in economic and spiritual affairs. Without the convents’ role in educating (Burns,
23) and propagating the teachings of the Catholic Church, a thriving colonial economy would not

have emerged.

The divisions within the convents provide another dimension as they spanned social,

structural, and political divisions. From distinctions between white and black veils (Burns, 120)

to the hierarchies within the convent and the challenges they faced with the Spanish crown

during the Bourbon Reforms (Burns, 159), divisions are present in every aspect of convent life.

Burns bolsters her arguments by interweaving personal stories and historical reports

throughout the narrative. The personal stories, such as the Castillejo brothers (Burns, 139) and

Don Diego de Esquivel (Burns, 161), offer readers a unique perspective on the inner workings of

the convents and their interactions with the public. These stories shed light on the dynamics of

colonial life in Cuzco.

Moreover, the inclusion of historical reports, such as the annual income of Santa Clara

for select years (Burns, 138) and the report on canceled censos, in 1867 (Burns, 206), provides

empirical evidence that underscores the magnitude of the transformations described in the book.

“Colonial Habits” not only offers a comprehensive exploration of the past but also

provides insights into the colonial life of the Americas. The book transcends religious boundaries

and historical preconceptions, making it an engaging read for a diverse audience.

As a reader who grew up attending Catholic schools, I initially held reservations about

delving into a historical account with religious undertones. However, “Colonial Habits” provided

me with a fresh perspective that extended beyond religious considerations. Furthermore, as a

mestiza myself with a Spanish father and an indigenous Nicaraguan mother, the narrative

resonated with me on a personal level. It allowed me to imagine what it would be like in the
convents striving to become a “proper” Spanish woman while navigating my indigenous

heritage.

What sets “Colonial Habits” apart is Burns’ captivating narrative style, which transports

readers to colonial Cuzco, bringing history to real life. The book stays away from the dry,

academic tone often associated with historical texts, making it an engaging and immersive read.

Overall, “Colonial Habits” by Kathryn Burns is an essential read for anyone interested in

early modern economics, Latin American studies, women in religion, and the history of gender,

class, and race. With its rich historical accounts, personal stories, and comprehensive exploration

of colonial life, the book provides a compelling and enlightening journey through history.