FICHAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Literatura Química y Sistematización

PhD. Jaime Martín Franco
Universidad del Cauca
Nombre del estudiante: HECTOR CAMILO MUÑOZ PAPAMIJA
Código: 102122011
E-mail: hectorcmunoz@unicauca.edu.co

1. Synthetic Biology Approaches To Enhance Microalgal Productivity

Autores: Naduthodi, Mihris Ibnu Saleema; Claassens, Nico J; D'Adamo, Sarahb;
van der Oost, Johna; Barbosa, Maria J.

Trends in Biotechnology - Open Access - Volume 39, Issue 10 - Pages 1019 – 1036
- October 2021

Abstract
The major bottleneck in commercializing biofuels and other commodities produced
by microalgae is the high cost associated with phototrophic cultivation. Improving
microalgal productivities could be a solution to this problem. Synthetic biology
methods have recently been used to engineer the downstream production pathways
in several microalgal strains. However, engineering upstream photosynthetic and
carbon fixation metabolism to enhance growth, productivity, and yield has barely
been explored in microalgae. We describe strategies to improve the generation of
reducing power from light, as well as to improve the assimilation of CO2 by either
the native Calvin cycle or synthetic alternatives. Overall, we are optimistic that
recent technological advances will prompt long-awaited breakthroughs in
microalgal research.

Keywords: carbon fixation; microalgae; mixotrophy; photosynthesis; synthetic

biology

Problema:
Tiene como objetivo aumentar la productividad de microalgas para la
comercialización de biocombustibles. Sin embargo, la ingeniería del metabolismo
fotosintético y la fijación de carbono solo se ha explorado en microalgas. Por este
motivo, se describen varias estrategias para mejorar la producción de energía por
fotorreducción, así como para mejorar la asimilación de CO2. De esta manera, fijará
CO2 y generará ganancias al mismo tiempo.
2. Prokaryotic communities from a lava tube cave in La Palma Island (Spain) are
involved in the biogeochemical cycle of major elements
Autores: Gonzalez-Pimentel, Jose Luisa; Martin-Pozas, Tamarab; Jurado, Valmec;
Miller, Ana Zeliaa; Caldeira, Ana Teresaa; Fernandez-Lorenzo, Octaviod; Sanchez-
Moral, Sergiob; Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareoc.

PeerJ - Open Access - Volume 9 - May 2021 - Article number e11386

Abstract
Lava caves differ from karstic caves in their genesis and mineral composition.
Subsurface microbiology of lava tube caves in Canary Islands, a volcanic
archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, is largely unknown. We have focused the
investigation in a representative lava tube cave, Fuente de la Canaria Cave, in La
Palma Island, Spain, which presents different types of speleothems and colored
microbial mats. Four samples collected in this cave were studied using DNA next-
generation sequencing and field emission scanning electron microscopy for
bacterial identification, functional profiling, and morphological characterization.
The data showed an almost exclusive dominance of Bacteria over Archaea. The
distribution in phyla revealed a majority abundance of Proteobacteria (37–89%),
followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Candidatus Rokubacteria. These
four phyla comprised a total relative abundance of 72–96%. The main ecological
functions in the microbial communities were chemoheterotrophy, methanotrophy,
sulfur and nitrogen metabolisms, and CO2 fixation; although other ecological
functions were outlined. Genome annotations of the especially representative taxon
Ga0077536 (about 71% of abundance in moonmilk) predicted the presence of genes
involved in CO2 fixation, formaldehyde consumption, sulfur and nitrogen
metabolisms, and microbially-induced carbonate precipitation. The detection of
several putative lineages associated with C, N, S, Fe and Mn indicates that Fuente
de la Canaria Cave basalts are colonized by metabolically diverse prokaryotic
communities involved in the biogeochemical cycling of major elements.

Keywords: Biogeochemical cycles; La Palma Island; Lava

tube; Proteobacteria; Volcanic cave.

Problema:
Se menciona en este artículo que algunas bacterias de cuevas volcánicas tienen
funciones ecológicas importantes, como quimioheterotrofia, oxidación de metano,
metabolismo de azufre y nitrógeno y fijación de CO2. De esta manera, se confirmó
que el dióxido de carbono atmosférico se puede fijar a través de procesos químicos
naturales, abordando así en menor medida este problema global.
3. Constructing ionic porous organic polymers with high specific surface area
through crosslinking strategy
Autores: Yu, Qinga; Cheng, Yuan-Zheb, c;Li, Zihaob; Yang, Dong-Huib; Bo
Meng, Qinga.; Han, Bao-Hang

Chemical Engineering Journal - Volume 44215 - August 2022 - Article number

136275

Abstract
Ionic porous organic polymers (IPOPs) emerge as porous networks with charged
characteristics for versatile applications. However, most of the reported IPOPs have
suffered from poor porosity due to the presence of electric charges in the synthesis
process. Until now, it is a challenge to obtain IPOPs with both great porosity and
high ionic density. Herein, we demonstrate a simple crosslinking strategy to
integrate large specific surface area and abundant ionic sites in IPOPs (named as
IPOPs-XL). Especially, IPOP1-XL synthesized via crosslinking strategy exhibits a
large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of 1830 m2 g−1, which
is 18 times higher than that of the pyridine-based polymer before crosslinking
(IPOP-1, 96 m2 g−1). The uptake capacity for carbon dioxide (CO2) of IPOP1-XL
(11.7 wt%) is also much higher than that of IPOP-1 (4.5 wt%) at 273 K due to the
enhanced porosity. Meanwhile, IPOP1-XL also possesses an improved ionic density
(3.5 mmol g−1), which plays a pivotal role in CO2 chemical fixation. This work
provides a feasible method to improve the porosity of IPOPs.

Keywords: CO2 capture and conversion; Crosslinking; Ionic density; Ionic porous
organic polymers; Porosity.

Problema:
Los polímeros orgánicos porosos iónicos (IPOP) están emergiendo como redes
porosas con propiedades cargadas para una variedad de aplicaciones. Obtener IPOP
con alta porosidad y alta densidad de iones es un desafío. Por lo tanto, este
documento demuestra una estrategia de reticulación, proporcionando así un método
factible para mejorar la porosidad de los IPOP.
4. Precise Introduction of Single Vanadium Site into Indium-Organic Framework
for CO2Capture and Photocatalytic Fixation
Autores: Fan, Shu-Conga; Chen, Shuang-Qiua; Wang, Jia-Wena; Li, Yong-Pengb;
Zhang, Penga; Wang, Yinga; Yuan, Wenyua; Zhai, Quan-Guoa.

Inorganic Chemistry - Volume 61, Issue 35, Pages 14131 - 141395 - September
2022

Abstract
The capture and fixation of CO2under mild conditions is a cost-effective route to
reduce greenhouse gases, but it is challenging because of the low conversion and
selectivity issues. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising in the fields of
adsorption and catalysis because of their structural tunability and variability.
However, the precise structural design of MOFs is always pursued and elusive. In
this work, a metal-mixed MOF (SNNU-97-InV) was designed by precisely
introducing single vanadium site into the isostructural In-MOF (SNNU-97-In). The
single V sites clearly change the interactions between the MOF framework and
CO2molecules, leading to a 71.3% improvement in the CO 2adsorption capacity. At
the same time, the enhanced light absorption enables SNNU-97-InV to efficiently
convert CO2into cyclic carbonates (CCs) with epoxides under illumination.
Controlled experiments showed that the promoted performance of SNNU-97-InV
may be that the V= O site can more easily combine with CO 2and convert them into
an intermediate state under illumination, and the possible mechanism was thus
speculated.

Keywords: CO2 adsorption; Condition; Cost effective; Greenhouses gas;

Isostructural; Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs); Mixed-metals; Organics; Photo-
catalytic; Tunabilities.

Problema:
Los marcos organometálicos (MOF) se consideran prometedores en los campos de
adsorción y catálisis debido a su adaptabilidad estructural y variabilidad. Los
experimentos controlados indicaron que la mejora del rendimiento de SNNU-97-
InV podría deberse a que es más probable que los sitios V=O se combinen con CO2
y lo conviertan en un estado intermedio bajo la luz, por lo que se espera el posible
mecanismo.
5. Alumina-Based Bifunctional Catalyst for Efficient CO2Fixation into Epoxides
at Atmospheric Pressure
Autores: Mitra, Antaripa; Ghosh, Sourava; Paliwal, Khushboo; Ghosh, Suptisha;
Tudu, Gouria; Chandrasekar, Aditib; Mahalingam, Venkataramanan.

Inorganic Chemistry - Volume 61, Issue 41, Pages 16356 - 1636917 - October 2022

Abstract
The quest toward sustainability and decarbonization demands the development of
methods for efficient carbon dioxide capture and utilization. The nonreductive
CO2 fixation into epoxides to prepare cyclic carbonates has gained attention in
recent years. In this work, we report the development of guanidine hydrochloride-
functionalized γalumina (γ-Al2O3), prepared using green solvents, as an efficient
bifunctional catalyst for CO2 fixation. The resulting guanidine-grafted γ-Al2O3 (Al-
Gh) proved to be an excellent catalyst to prepare cyclic carbonates from epoxides
and CO2 with high selectivity. The nitrogen-rich Al-Gh shows increased CO2
adsorption capacity compared to that of γ-Al2O3. The as-prepared catalyst was able
to carry out CO2 fixation at 85 °C under atmospheric pressure in the absence of
solvents and external additives (e.g., TBAI or KI). The material showed negligible
loss of catalytic activity even after five cycles of catalysis. The catalyst successfully
converted many epoxides into their respective cyclic carbonates under the
optimized conditions. The gram-scale synthesis of commercially important styrene
carbonates from styrene oxide and CO2 using Al-Gh was also achieved. Density
functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the role of alumina in activating the
epoxide. This activation facilitated the chloride ion to open the ring to react with
CO2. The DFT studies also validated the role of alumina in stabilizing the electron-
rich intermediates during the course of the reaction.

Keywords: Bifunctional catalysts; Carbon dioxide capture; Carbon dioxide

utilization; CO2 fixation; Cyclic carbonates; Decarbonisation; Functionalized;
Guanidine hydrochloride; + catalyst; γ Al2O.

Problema:
Se informó que la γ-alúmina funcionalizada con clorhidrato de guanidina (γ-Al2O3)
preparada con un solvente verde es un catalizador bifuncional eficiente para la
fijación de CO2. Así, se verificó el papel de la alúmina en la estabilización de
intermediarios ricos en electrones durante la reacción. Es decir, esta activación
facilita que los iones de cloruro se abran y reaccionen con el CO2.
6. Optimization of permanently polarized hydroxyapatite catalyst. Implications
for the electrophotosynthesis of amino acids by nitrogen and carbon fixation
Autores: Sans, Jordia; Sanz, Vanesab; del Valle, Luis J.a; Puiggalí, Jordia; Turon,
Paub; Alemán, Carlosa.

Journal of Catalysis - Open Access - Volume 397, Pages 98 – 10 7 - May 2021

Abstract
The enhanced catalytic activity of permanently polarized hydroxyapatite, which is
achieved using a thermally stimulated polarization process, largely depends on
both the experimental conditions used to prepare crystalline hydroxyapatite from
its calcium and phosphate precursors and the polarization process parameters. A
mineral similar to brushite, which is an apatitic phase that can evolve to
hydroxyapatite, is found at the surface of highly crystalline hydroxyapatite. It
appears after chemical precipitation and hydrothermal treatment performed at 150
°C for 24 h followed by a sinterization at 1000 °C and a polarization treatment by
applying a voltage of 500 V at high temperature. Both the high crystallinity and the
presence of brushite-like phase on the electrophotocatalyst affect the nitrogen
and carbon fixation under mild reaction conditions (95 °C and 6 bar) and the
synthesis of glycine and alanine from a simple gas mixture containing N 2, CO2,
CH4 and H2O. Thus, the Gly/Ala ratio can be customized by controlling the presence
of brushite on the surface of the catalyst, enabling to develop new strategies to
regulate the production of amino acids by nitrogen and carbon fixation.

Keywords: Brushite; Carbon dioxide fixation; Catalytic apatites; Heterogeneous

catalysis; Hydrothermal synthesis; Molecular nitrogen fixation; Thermally
stimulated polarization

Problema:
Este artículo menciona un procedimiento bastante complejo consistente la actividad
catalítica mejorada de la hidroxiapatita permanentemente polarizada. Para la cual se
le aplica un tratamiento hidrotérmico realizado a 150°C durante 24 h y un
tratamiento de 500 V a alta temperatura. De allí, se permite desarrollar nuevas
estrategias para regular la producción de aminoácidos mediante la fijación de
nitrógeno y carbono.
7. Comparative proteomic analysis provides insight into the molecular
mechanism of vegetative growth advantage in allotriploid Populus
Autores: Li, Jianga; Wang, Yib; Wei, Hairongc; Kang, Xiangyanga.

Genomics Open Access - Volume 113, Issue 3, Pages 1180 – 1192 - May 2021

Abstract
Though allotriploid poplar shows a salient vegetative growth advantage that
impacts biomass and lumber yield, the proteomic data of Populus allotriploids have
not been scrutinized for identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms. We
conducted a large-scale label-free proteomics profiling of the 5th, 10th, and 25th
leaves of allotriploids and diploids, and identified 4587 protein groups. Among 932
differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 22 are transcription factors (TFs) that
could regulate vegetative growth advantage in allotriploids. The DEPs involved in
light reaction, Calvin cycle, and photorespiration, protein synthesis, sucrose
synthesis, starch synthesis, and starch decomposition displayed elevated expression
in Populus allotriploids. However, the DEPs functioning in sucrose decomposition,
tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and protein degradation exhibited significantly
downregulated expression. The alternations of these DEPs augmented efficiency of
photosynthesis, carbon fixation, sucrose and starch accumulation, and decreased
capacity of carbohydrate consumption, leading to larger volume of biomass and
vigorous growth in Populus allotriploids.

Keywords: Photosynthesis; Populus allotriploid; Proteomics; Vegetative growth

advantage

Problema:
el álamo alotriploide muestra una ventaja sobresaliente en el crecimiento vegetativo
que afecta el rendimiento de la biomasa y la madera, por lo tanto, se realiza un perfil
proteínico sin etiquetas a gran escala de las hojas 5, 10 y 25 de alotriploides y
diploides, e identificamos 4587 grupos de proteínas. De la que se obtiene que las
alternancias de los DEP aumentaron la eficiencia de la fotosíntesis, la fijación de
carbono, la acumulación de sacarosa y almidón.
8. Pyrenoids: CO2-fixing phase separated liquid organelles
Autores: Barrett, James; Girr, Philipp; Mackinder, Luke C.M.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research - Open Access - Volume

1868, Issue 5 - April 2021 - Article number 118949

Abstract
Pyrenoids are non-membrane bound organelles found in chloroplasts of algae and
hornwort plants that can be seen by light-microscopy. Pyrenoids are formed by
liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Rubisco, the primary CO2 fixing enzyme,
with an intrinsically disordered multivalent Rubisco-binding protein. Pyrenoids are
the heart of algal and hornwort biophysical CO2 concentrating mechanisms, which
accelerate photosynthesis and mediate about 30% of global carbon fixation. Even
though LLPS may underlie the apparent convergent evolution of pyrenoids, our
current molecular understanding of pyrenoid formation comes from a single
example, the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this review, we summarise
current knowledge about pyrenoid assembly, regulation and structural organization
in Chlamydomonas and highlight evidence that LLPS is the general principle
underlying pyrenoid formation across algal lineages and hornworts. Detailed
understanding of the principles behind pyrenoid assembly, regulation and
structural organization within diverse lineages will provide a fundamental
understanding of this biogeochemically important organelle and help guide
ongoing efforts to engineer pyrenoids into crops to increase photosynthetic
performance and yields.

Keywords: Algae; CCMs; CO2-concentrating mechanisms; Liquid-liquid phase

separation; Membraneless organelles; Pyrenoid.

Problema:
El artículo habla sobre los pirenoides, los cuales se forman por separación de fases
líquido-Líquido de Rubisco, la principal enzima fijadora de CO2, donde a partir de
varios procesos de organización y estructuración de los mismo fomentaran el
aumento del rendimiento de este proceso súper importante para la limpieza del
medio ambiente.
9. CO2-converting enzymes for sustainable biotechnology: from mechanisms to
application
Autores: Bernhardsgrütter, Iriaa; Stoffel, Gabriele MM; Miller, Tarryn Ea; Erb,
Tobias J

Current Opinion in Biotechnology - Open Access - Volume 67, Pages 80 – 87 -

February 2021

Abstract
To realize a circular, carbon-neutral economy, it will become important to utilize
the greenhouse gas CO2 as a sustainable carbon source. Carboxylases, the enzymes
that capture and convert gaseous CO2 are the prime candidates to pave the way
towards realizing this vision of a CO2-based bio-economy. In the last couple of
years, the interest in using and engineering carboxylases has been steadily growing.
Here, we discuss how basic research on the mechanism of CO2 binding and
activation by carboxylases opened the way to develop new-to-nature CO2-fixing
enzymes that found application in the development of synthetic CO2-fixation
pathways and their further realization in vitro and in vivo. These pioneering efforts
in the field pave the way to realize a diverse CO2-fixation biochemistry that can find
application in biocatalysis, biotechnology, and artificial photosynthesis.

Keywords: Biotechnology; Carbon; Carbon Cycle; Carbon Dioxide; Photosynthesis

Problema:
Es necesario utilizar el gas de efecto invernadero CO2 como fuente sostenible de
carbono para logar una economía circular neutra en carbono, a partir del uso de las
carboxilasas. Estos esfuerzos pioneros en el campo allanan el camino para realizar
una bioquímica diversa de fijación de CO2 que puede encontrar aplicación en
biocatálisis, biotecnología y fotosíntesis artificial.
10. Freshwater chlorobia exhibit metabolic specialization among cosmopolitan and
endemic populations
Autores: Garcia, Sarahi L.a; Mehrshad, Maliheha, c;Buck, Moritza, c; Tsuji,
Jackson M.d; Neufeld, Josh D.d; McMahon, Katherine D.e, f; Bertilsson, Stefana, c;
Greening, Chrisg; Peura, Sarih

mSystems - Open Access - Volume 6, Issue 3 - May 2021 - Article number e01196

Abstract
Photosynthetic bacteria from the class Chlorobia (formerly phylum Chlorobi)
sustain carbon fixation in anoxic water columns. They harvest light at extremely low
intensities and use various inorganic electron donors to fix carbon dioxide into
biomass. Until now, most information on the functional ecology and local
adaptations of Chlorobia members came from isolates and merely 26 sequenced
genomes that may not adequately represent natural populations. To address these
limitations, we analyzed global metagenomes to profile planktonic Chlorobia cells
from the oxyclines of 42 freshwater bodies, spanning subarctic to tropical regions
and encompassing all four seasons. We assembled and compiled over 500
genomes, including metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), single-amplified
genomes (SAGs), and reference genomes from cultures, clustering them into 71
metagenomic operational taxonomic units (mOTUs or “species”). Of the 71 mOTUs,
57 were classified within the genus Chlorobium, and these mOTUs represented up
to;60% of the microbial communities in the sampled anoxic waters. Several
Chlorobium-associated mOTUs were globally distributed, whereas others were
endemic to individual lakes. Although most clades encoded the ability to oxidize
hydrogen, many lacked genes for the oxidation of specific sulfur and iron
substrates. Surprisingly, one globally distributed Scandinavian clade encoded the
ability to oxidize hydrogen, sulfur, and iron, suggesting that metabolic versatility
facilitated such widespread colonization. Overall, these findings provide new
insight into the biogeography of the Chlorobia and the metabolic traits that
facilitate niche specialization within lake ecosystems. IMPORTANCE The
reconstruction of genomes from metagenomes has helped explore the ecology and
evolution of environmental microbiota. We applied this approach to 274
metagenomes collected from diverse freshwater habitats that spanned oxic and
anoxic zones, sampling seasons, and latitudes. We demonstrate widespread and
abundant distributions of planktonic Chlorobia-associated bacteria in hypolimnetic
waters of stratified freshwater ecosystems and show they vary in their capacities to
use different electron donors. Having photoautotrophic potential, these Chlorobia
members could serve as carbon sources that support metalimnetic and
hypolimnetic food webs.

Keywords: Chlorobia; Freshwater; Photosynthetic bacteria; Planktonic

Problema:
Las bacterias fotosintéticas de la clase Chlorobia sostienen la fijación de carbono en
columnas de agua anóxica. En donde su importancia radica en la reconstrucción de
genomas a partir de meta genomas ha ayudado a explorar la química, la ecología y
 evolución de la micro biota ambiental. Además, la mayoría de estas bacterias son
capaces de oxidar hidrógenos, y la oxidación de azufre y hierro, lo que sugiere la
versatilidad metabólica.
11. Review of MXene-based nanocomposites for photocatalysis
Autores: Im, Jong Kwona; Sohn, Erica Jungminb; Kim, Sewoonc;Jang, Mind; Son,
Ahjeonge; Zoh, Kyung-Dukb; Yoon, Yeomin

Chemosphere Open Access - Volume 270 - May 2021 - Article number 129478

Abstract
Since multilayered MXenes (Ti 3C2Tx, a new family of two-dimensional materials)
were initially introduced by researchers at Drexel University in 2011, various
MXene-based nanocomposites have received increased attention as photocatalysts
owing to their exceptional properties (e.g., rich surface chemistry, adjustable
bandgap structures, high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, thermal stability,
and large specific surface area). Therefore, we present a comprehensive review of
recent studies on fabrication methods for MXene-based photocatalysts and
photocatalytic performance for contaminant degradation, CO 2 reduction,
H2 evolution, and N2 fixation with various MXene-based nanocomposites. In
addition, this review briefly discusses the stability of MXene-based
nanophotocatalysts, current limitations, and future research needs, along with the
various corresponding challenges, in an effort to reveal the unique properties of
MXene-based nanocomposites.

Keywords: CO2 reduction; Contaminant removal; Hydrogen production; MXene;

N2 fixation; Photocatalysis.

Problema:
En el artículo se presenta una revisión exhaustiva de estudios recientes sobre
métodos de fabricación para foto catalizadores basados en MXene y rendimiento
foto catalítico para la degradación de contaminantes, reducción de CO2, evolución
de H2 y fijación de N2 con varios nanos compuestos basados en MXene. Que
favorecen la fijación y reducción del CO2 presente en la atmosfera terrestre.
12. In situFTIR study of CO2reduction on inorganic analogues of carbon
monoxide dehydrogenase
Autores: Lee, Ji-Euna; Yamaguchi, Akiraa, b; Ooka, Hideshia; Kazami,
Tomohirob; Miyauchi, Masahirob; Kitadai, Norioc; Nakamura, Ryuheia

Chemical Communications Open AccessVolume 57, Issue 26, Pages 3267 - 32704
April 2021

Abstract
The CO2-to-CO reduction by carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) with a
[NiFe4S4] cluster is considered to be the oldest pathway of biological carbon
fixation and therefore may have been involved in the origin of life. Although
previous studies have investigated CO2reduction by Fe and Ni sulfides to identify
the prebiotic origin of the [NiFe4S4] cluster, the reaction mechanism remains
largely elusive. Herein, we appliedin situelectrochemical ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to
probe the reaction intermediates of greigite (Fe3S4) and violarite (FeNi2S4).
Intermediate species assignable to surface-bound CO2and formyl groups were
found to be stabilized in the presence of Ni, lending insight into its role in
enhancing the multistep CO2reduction process.

Keywords: Carbon monoxide; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Iron

compounds; Nickel deposits; Reaction intermediates; Sulfur compounds.

Problema:
Se busca la reducción de CO2 a CO por monóxido de carbono deshidrogenasa con
un grupo [NiFe4S4], se considera la fijación biológica de carbono más antigua. Por
tanto, en este documento se aplica espectroscopia ATR-FTIR electroquímica in situ
para probar los intermedios de reacción de greigita (Fe3S4) y violarita (FeNi2S4).
Obteniendo que los grupos formilo se estabilizaron en presencia de Ni, dando
indicios de mejora en la fijación de CO2.
13. Negative-Stain Electron Microscopy Reveals Dramatic Structural
Rearrangements in Ni-Fe-S-Dependent Carbon Monoxide
Dehydrogenase/Acetyl-CoA Synthase
Autores: Cohen, Steven E.a; Brignole, Edward J.b; Wittenborn, Elizabeth C.a; Can,
Mehmetc;Thompson, Samuela; Ragsdale, Stephen W.c; Drennan, Catherine L.

Chemical Communications - Open Access - Volume 57, Issue 26, Pages 3267 -
32704 April 2021

Abstract
Cohen et al. demonstrate that carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA
synthase (CODH/ACS) undergoes wider conformational changes than previously
reported. Furthermore, these new conformations explain how the ACS subunit can
interact with corrinoid Fe-S protein (CFeSP) in order to mediate a methyl transfer
reaction instrumental for anaerobic carbon fixation. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd The Ni-
Fe-S-containing A-cluster of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase (ACS) assembles
acetyl-CoA from carbon monoxide (CO), a methyl group (CH3+), and CoA. To
accomplish this feat, ACS must bind CoA and interact with two other proteins that
contribute the CO and CH3+, respectively: CO dehydrogenase (CODH) and
corrinoid Fe-S protein (CFeSP). Previous structural data show that, in the model
acetogen Moorella thermoacetica, domain 1 of ACS binds to CODH such that a 70-
Å-long internal channel is created that allows CO to travel from CODH to the A-
cluster. The A-cluster is largely buried and is inaccessible to CFeSP for methylation.
Here we use electron microscopy to capture multiple snapshots of ACS that reveal
previously uncharacterized domain motion, forming extended and hyperextended
structural states. In these structural states, the A-cluster is accessible for
methylation by CFeSP.

Keywords: acetogenesis; Acetyl-CoA synthase; carbon dioxide sequestration;

carbon fixation; CO dehydrogenase; electron microscopy; metalloenzyme; methyl
transfer; protein dynamics; Wood-Ljungdahl.

Problema:
Se demuestra que el monóxido de carbono deshidrogenasa/acetil-CoA sintasa
(CODH/ACS) sufren cambios más allá de los registrados. Por ello se utiliza
microscopia electrónica para capturar múltiples instantáneas de ACS que revelan un
movimiento de dominio no visto, formando estados estructurales extendidos e
hiperextendidos.
14. Chemolithoautotrophic reduction of CO2 to acetic acid in gas and gas-electro
fermentation systems: Enrichment, microbial dynamics, and sustainability
assessment
Autores: Tharak, Athmakuria; Katakojwala, Ranaprathapa; Kajla, Sachin.; Venkata
Mohan S.

Chemical Engineering Journal - Volume 45415 - February 2023 - Article number

140200

Abstract
Microbial-mediated CO2 reduction was evaluated in gas and gas-electro
fermentation systems with and without applied potential by selective enriched
biocatalyst. Selective enrichment conditions with treated culture (Heat-shock,
Acid-shock and 2-Bromoethano sulphonate (BESA)) showed at least one-fold
increment in acetatic acid production over the control, suggesting the influence of
selective enrichment on CO2 conversion. A maximum of 0.84 g/L acetic acid was
observed in the Heat+CO2 condition in gas fermentation (GF) stage with 31
mg.L−1.h−1 inorganic carbon fixation rate (ICFR) and this best condition from GF
experiments was evaluated in a single-chambered microbial electrochemical system
(MES; Gas-electro fermentation) under different applied potentials (-0.4 and -0.6
V vs Ag/AgCl [3.5 M KCl]). The higher acetic acid titre of 1.02 g/L was obtained
with -0.6 V applied potential. Higher charge transfer rates (52% faradaic
efficiency), and lower corrosion and resistances (Rct -0.4 ohm) improved the CO2
fermentation efficiencies. An abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and
Actinobacteria, in the enriched biocatalyst, represented the substantial shift of
microbiome towards the CO2 feeding microbes on continuous experimental
operation. The beta diversity (PCoA) also showed selective enrichment of C1
consumers majorly in the pre-treated conditions. The life cycle assessment (LCA)
depicted the hotspots of the process and emphasized the adoption of renewable
energy to achieve low-carbon footprints.

Keywords: Beta diversity analysis; Carbon capture and utilisation; Charge kinetics;
Decrbonisation; Life cycle assessment; Low-carbon chemical

Problema:
La reducción de CO2 mediada por microbios se evaluó en sistemas de fermentación
de gas y gas-electro con y sin potencial aplicado por biocatalizador selectivo
enriquecido. Obteniendo que el ciclo de vida describió los puntos críticos del
proceso y enfatizó la adopción de energía renovable para lograr huellas de carbono
bajas.
15. Bioconversion of carbon dioxide to succinate by Citrobacter
Autores: Jin, Tianzhi; Wang, Yajing; Yao, Shun; Hu, Chuxiao; Ma, Ting; Xia,
Wenjie.

Chemical Engineering Journal - Volume 45215 - January 2023 - Article number

139668

Abstract
Carbon dioxide as a feedstock for synthesizing chemicals and fuels attracts
numerous efforts via biological or chemical approaches. A newly Citrobacter BD11
was detected with distribution of 71.31 % in reservoir samples by metagenomic
sequencing, and can convert CO2 to succinic acid with hydrogen production under
anaerobic condition. The pathway of hydrogen production and the succinic acid
synthesis was explored by whole-genome sequencing and real-time quantitative
polymerase chain reaction. The results showed the positive influences of pH,
hydrogen pressure and magnesium ions on succinic acid production. The stage
transition of hydrogen production and utilization was detected, and the nonlinear
relationship between succinic acid production and exogenous carbon dioxide was
proved. Under optimized conditions, the carbon fixation rate of 1.77 g/L*d and the
succinate production rate of 7.51 g/L*d were finally achieved at pH = 7.0 with 50
KPa of hydrogen pressure and 4.0 g/L of MgCl2. This study demonstrated that this
Citrobacter could be a promising platform for hydrogen production and convert
CO2 to diverse acids.

Keywords: Bioconversion; Carbon dioxide; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Succinate.

Problema:
Se detectó un Citrobacter BD11 nuevo con una distribución del 71,31 % en
muestras de reservorio mediante secuenciación metagenómica, y puede convertir
CO2 en ácido succínico con producción de hidrógeno en condiciones anaeróbicas.
Después de ello se realizaron varios estudios y se obtuvo que este Citrobacter podría
ser una plataforma para producción de hidrógeno y convertir CO2 en diversos
ácidos.
16. Design and characterization of a new pressurized flat panel photobioreactor
for microalgae cultivation and CO2 bio-fixation
Autores: Carone, Michele; Alpe, Davisb; Costantino, Valentinaa; Derossi, Claraa;
Occhipinti, Andreac; Zanetti, Mariachiaraa; Riggio, Vincenzo.

Chemosphere - Volume 307 - November 2022 - Article number 135755

Abstract
Microalgae-based biorefinery processes are gaining particular importance as a
biotechnological tool for direct carbon dioxide fixation and production of high-quality
biomass and energy feedstock for different industrial markets. However, despite
the many technological advances in photobioreactor designs and operations,
microalgae cultivation is still limited due to the low yields achieved in open systems
and to the high investment and operation costs of closed photobioreactors. In this
work, a new alveolar flat panel photobioreactor was designed and characterized
with the aim of achieving high microalgae productivities and CO 2 bio-fixation rates.
Moreover, the energy efficiency of the employed pump-assisted hydraulic circuit
was evaluated. The 1.3 cm thick alveolar flat-panels enhance the light utilization,
whereas the hydraulic design of the photobioreactor aims to improve the global
CO2 gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (k LaCO2). The mixing time, liquid flow
velocity, and kLaCO2 as well as the uniformity matrix of the artificial lighting source
were experimentally calculated. The performance of the system was tested by
cultivating the green microalga Acutodesmus obliquus. A volumetric biomass
concentration equal to 1.9 g L −1 was achieved after 7 days under controlled indoor
cultivation conditions with a CO2 bio-fixation efficiency of 64% of total injected CO 2.
The (gross) energy consumption related to substrate handling was estimated to be
between 27 and 46 Wh m −3, without any cost associated to CO 2 injection and
O2 degassing. The data suggest that this pilot-scale cultivation system may
constitute a relevant technology in the development of microalgae-based industrial
scenario for CO2 mitigation and biomass production.

Keywords: Acutodesmus obliquus; CO2 bio-fixation efficiency; CO2 mass transfer

coefficient; Flat panel photo bioreactor; Hydrodynamic characterization.

Problema:
Se diseñó un nuevo fotobioreactor de panel plano alveolar con el objetivo de lograr
altas productividades de microalgas y tasas de biofijación de CO2. Además, se
evaluó la eficiencia energética del circuito hidráulico asistido por bomba empleado.
Obteniendo que este sistema de cultivo a escala piloto puede constituir una
tecnología relevante en el desarrollo de un escenario industrial basado en
microalgas para la mitigación de CO2 y producción de biomasa
17. [Zinc(II)(Pyridine-Containing Ligand)] Complexes as Single-Component
Efficient Catalyst for Chemical Fixation of CO2 with Epoxides
Autores: Cavalleri, Matteoa; Panza, Nicolaa; di Biase, Armandoa; Tseberlidis,
Giorgioa, b; Rizzato, Silviaa; Abbiati, Giorgioc; Caselli, Alessandroa.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry - Open Access - Volume 2021, Issue 19,
Pages 2764 - 277120 - May 2021

Abstract
The reaction between epoxides and CO2 to yield cyclic carbonates is efficiently
promoted under solvent-free and relatively mild reaction conditions (0.5 mol %
catalyst loading, 0.8 MPa, 125 °C) by zinc(II) complexes of pyridine containing
macrocyclic ligands (Pc−L pyridinophanes). The zinc complexes have been fully
characterized, including X-ray structural determination. The [Zn(II)X(Pc−L)]X
complexes showed good solubility in several polar solvents, including cyclic
carbonates. The scope of the reaction under solvent-free conditions has been studied
and good to quantitative conversions with excellent selectivities have been obtained,
starting from terminal epoxides. When solvent-free conditions were not possible
(solid epoxides or low solubility of the catalyst in the oxirane) the use of cyclic
carbonates as solvents has been successfully investigated. The remarkable stability
of the catalytic system has been demonstrated by a series of consecutive runs.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide fixation; Cyclic carbonates; Cycloaddition; Pyridine

containing macrocyclic ligands; Zinc complexes

Problema:
La reacción entre los epóxidos y el CO2 para producir carbonatos cíclicos se
promueve eficazmente en condiciones de reacción relativamente suaves y sin
disolventes mediante complejos de zinc (II) de piridina que contienen ligandos
macro cíclicos. La notable estabilidad del sistema catalítico ha sido demostrada por
una serie de ejecuciones consecutivas.
 18. Engineering Cupriavidus necator H16 for enhanced lithoautotrophic poly(3-
hydroxybutyrate) production from CO2
Microbial cell factories- Open Access - Volume 21, issues 1 - December 2022 -
Article number 231

Kim, Soyoung; Jang, Yong Jaea; Gong, Gyeongtaeka, b; Lee, Sun-Mia, b; Um,
Youngsoona, b; Kim, Kyoung Heonc; Ko, Ja Kyonga,

Abstract
Background: A representative hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Cupriavidus necator H16 has
attracted much attention as hosts to recycle carbon dioxide (CO2) into a biodegradable
polymer, poly(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Although C. Both cbbR and regA-
overexpressing strains showed the positive phenotypes for 11% increased biomass
accumulation and 28% increased PHB production. The transcriptional changes of key genes
involved in CO2—fixing metabolism and PHB production were investigated. Conclusions:
The global transcriptional regulator RegA plays an important role in the regulation of
carbon fixation and shows the possibility to improve autotrophic cell growth and PHB
accumulation by increasing its expression level. This work represents another step forward
in better understanding and improving the lithoautotrophic PHB production by C.
Keywords: Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle; Carbon dioxide fixation; Cupriavidus
necator H16; Lithoautotrophic culture; Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB); Transcriptional
regulator
Problema:
Se utiliza una bacteria oxidante de nitrógeno (Cupriavidus necator H16) para reciclar el
dióxido de carbono en un polímero biodegradable poli(R)-3-hidroxibutirato (PHB). En
sus inicios la producción de este polímero era demasiada baja, así que, se diseñó el
metabolismo de fijación de carbono para mejorar la utilización del CO2 y aumentar a su
vez la producción de PHB. Dicho procedimiento arrojo un aumento del 11% y 28%
respectivamente.
 19. Carbon dioxide fixation via production of succinic acid from glycerol in
engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Microbial Cell factories – Open access – Volume 21, issue 1 – December 2022 –
Article number 102.
Abstract
Background: The microbial production of succinic acid (SA) from renewable carbon
sources via the reverse TCA (rTCA) pathway is a process potentially accompanied by net-
fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2). Among reduced carbon sources, glycerol is particularly
attractive since it allows a nearly twofold higher CO2-fixation yield compared to sugars.
Recently, we described an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain which allowed SA
production in synthetic glycerol medium with a maximum yield of 0.23 Cmol Cmol−1. The
results of that previous study suggested that the glyoxylate cycle considerably contributed
to SA accumulation in the respective strain. The current study aimed at improving the flux
into the rTCA pathway accompanied by a higher CO2-fixation and SA yield. Results: By
changing the design of the expression cassettes for the rTCA pathway, overexpressing
PYC2, and adding CaCO3 to the batch fermentations, an SA yield on glycerol of 0.63
Cmol Cmol−1 was achieved (i.e. 47.1% of the theoretical maximum. Cultivation conditions
which directly or indirectly increased the concentration of bicarbonate, led to an
accumulation of malate in addition to the predominant product SA (ca. 0.1 Cmol Cmol−1 at
the time point when SA yield was highest). Off-gas analysis in controlled bioreactors with
CO2-enriched gas-phase indicated that CO2 was fixed during the SA production phase.
Conclusions: The data strongly suggest that a major part of dicarboxylic acids in our 2nd-
generation SA-producer was formed via the rTCA pathway enabling a net fixation of CO2.
The greatly increased capacity of the rTCA pathway obviously allowed successful
competition with other pathways for the common pyruvate precursor. The overexpression
of PYC2 and the increased availability of bicarbonate, the co-substrate for the PYC
reaction, further strengthened this capacity. The achievements are encouraging to invest in
future efforts establishing a process for SA production from (crude) glycerol and CO2.
Keywords: Carbon dioxide; CO2 fixing; Dicarboxylic acids; Fermentation; Glycerol; Metabolic
engineering; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Succinic acid; Yeast

Problema:
La producción microbiana de ácido succínico (SA) a partir de fuentes de carbono
renovables a través de la vía inversa de TCA (rTCA) es un proceso potencialmente
acompañado de una fijación neta de dióxido de carbono (CO2). EL gilcerol permite un
mayor rendimeinto de fijación de CO2, es por ello que se describe una nueva cepa de esta
bacteria con glicerol sintético, obteniendo como resultado que el análisis de gases de escape
en biorreactores controlados con fase gaseosa enriquecida con CO2 indicó que el CO2 se
fijó durante la fase de producción de SA.

20. Recent progress in nanocomposites of carbon dioxide fixation derived

reproducible biomedical polymers.
Frontiers in Chemistry - Open Access - Volume 107 - October 2022 - Article
number 1035825
Abstract
In recent years, environmental issues accompanying the wide application of
biomedical polymeric materials produced from fossil fuels have attracted increasing
attention. Since many biomedical polymer products are disposable, their life cycle is
relatively short. Most used or expired biomedical polymer products must be burned
after destruction, which increases the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). The
development of biomedical products based on polymers derived from CO2 fixation
with reproducible sources, and the gradual replacement of their unsustainable fossil-
based equivalents, will promote CO2 recycling in this field and help control the
greenhouse effect. Unfortunately, most existing polymeric materials made from
renewable raw materials have some property deficiencies, making them unable to
meet the gradually improved quality and property requirements of biomedical
products. To overcome these shortcomings, a lot of time and effort has been
devoted to applying nanotechnology in this field. This paper reviews recent
advances in reproducible polymer nanocomposites derived from CO2 fixation for
biomedical applications, highlighting several promising strategies for new research
directions in this field.

Keywords: biomedical
polymers; carbon dioxide fixation; decarbonization; nanocomposites; reproducible.

Problema:
En los últimos años, los problemas ambientales que acompañan a la amplia
aplicación de materiales poliméricos biomédicos producidos a partir de
combustibles fósiles han atraído una atención cada vez mayor. Puesto que aquellos
que dejan de ser funcionales deben ser quemados, aumentando así el aumento del
CO2 en la atmósfera, por ello es necesario recurrir a la nano compuestos
poliméricos reproducibles derivados de la fijación de CO2 para aplicaciones
biomédicas.