Parachuting (0) PREPARE

Today, parachuting is considered an extreme sport, as well as vital (0) PREPARATION for
(1) COACH
certain military and civilian jobs. Many carry out the parachute jumps attached to an
instructor before doing this solo, although many hours of (1) _________ are required as (2) ELEGANT
training before this is allowed to happen. It looks easy when the jumper slips on their
(3) CREATE
parachute and floats (2) _________ down to the ground, but how do parachutes work?
Parachutes work through the (3) _________ of force against the air as you fall to the ground, (4) DESCEND
and so slows down your (4) _________.
(5) VISIBLE
Although we can't see air as it's (5) _________, it takes up space and using a parachute means
that your fall towards the ground remains under control and, as a consequence, you are able (6) SAFE
to land (6) _________. Without a parachute your fall could become (7) _________. Modern
(7) HARM
parachutes have been designed to create a (8) _________ in speed, and so ensure a secure
landing. (8) REDUCE
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (0) ATTRACT
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a famous tourist (0) ATTRACTION located in west-central Italy.
(1) INITIAL
The structure which was (1) _________ designed as a free-standing bell tower leans
dramatically to one side as the foundations on which it was built were poorly designed at the (2) CRITICISE
time. Over recent years, it has received a lot of (2) _________ as many tourists who have
(3) CONSTRUCT
made the trip to the famous town describe the building as looking more like a (3) _________
site than a famous (4) _________ landmark and strongly express their (5) _________ in many (4) HISTORY
of the tourist reviews online.
(5) DISAPPOINT
An (6) _________ amount of work has been carried out to the building since the building
started to lean in 1178. The pattern of this work has always been unreliable and (7) (6) EXTEND
_________ as other events in history have repeatedly interrupted the work. Still a modern-
(7) REGULAR
day (8) _________, however, the Leaning Tower of Pisa always captures the visitor's
imagination. (8) CURIOUS
Ginger (0) ORIGINAL
Ginger is a well-established cooking spice used throughout and across the world. Believed to
(1) FAVOUR
have (0) ORIGINALLY come from China, numerous varieties of the plant can be found in
different parts of the world today. Known for its many (1) _________ properties, ginger is (2) TRADITION
used in many (2) _________ medicines, as well as international cuisine. In Indian cuisine,
(3) USUAL
ginger is a key ingredient in many sauces and gravies. When drunk as a tea, which is not (3)
_________ in some countries, it can also provide (4) _________ from the feeling of (5) (4) RELIEVE
_________ caused by an upset stomach.
(5) SICK
Ginger is popular in many cultures and is (6) _________ used in many homemade remedies.
Many people believe that it helps delay the aging process, as well as providing (7) _________ (6) INCREASE
from other minor illnesses. Ginger can also be used in the (8) _________ of some bacterial
(7) PROTECT
infections and has proven to have a positive effect on other health conditions. It is also
believed to help prevent hair loss. (8) TREAT

OPEN CLOZE – Lacrosse

The game of lacrosse, (0) WHOSE name comes from the French word for 'hooked stick', is the modern-day version of
a competitive sport based on the North American Indian game of baggataway. First played (1) _________ early as the
15th century, a lacrosse match involves two teams (2) _________ players, who use long-handled, racket-like sticks (or
'crosses') to catch, carry, throw and score goals (3) _________ their opposing team. The team with the most goals at
the end of the match are declared the winners.
Traditionally, a lacrosse match is divided into four parts and lasts for (4) _________ total of 60 minutes. Each team is
(5) _________ up of 10 or 12 players, depending (6) _________ whether the game is played by a team of men,
women, or a mixture of both. In a men's game, protective clothing is needed as physical contact is allowed, whereas
in a women's game, (7) _________ bodily contact is permitted. Today, lacrosse is played in (8) _________ than 69
countries.
 OPEN CLOZE - The Santa Maria

The Santa Maria was (0) ONE of three ships that sailed in the expedition led (1) _________ Christopher Columbus in
1492. The other two ships were called La Niña and La Pinta, although (2) _________ were not the real names of the
ships, as all Spanish vessels at that time were traditionally named (3) _________ saints. As Columbus had
experienced difficulties getting his expedition funded, the three ships were second-hand when he and his crew finally
set (4) _________ for the New World in 1492. The ships (5) _________ not been built specifically for Columbus'
expedition, and the names La Niña and La Pinta were the ships' nicknames among the crew.

Over the course of the next few years, Columbus took (6) _________ in four round trips between Spain and the
Americas, each time discovering new places and people. Originally (7) _________ Genoa in Italy, Columbus spent
much of (8) _________ adult life in Portugal and Spain. In 1506 he died in Valladolid, Spain, having completed his
final voyage two years earlier.

B2 Key Word Transformation – 2 to 5 words

(1) Why didn't you tell me to call? SHOULD

You ______________________________________ to call.
(2) Elsa hasn't contacted me for months. HEARD
I last ______________________________________ ago.
(3) The awards are given out at the end of term. PLACE
The awards ceremony ______________________________________ the term ends.
(4) 'Have you eaten all of the strawberry ice cream again, Liam?!' shouted Mary. ACCUSED
Mary ______________________________________ all the of the strawberry ice cream again.
(5) You might finish late so take my number. CASE
I'll give you my number ______________________________________ finish late.
(6) It's strange for me to get up this early. USED
I am ______________________________________ up this early.
(1) Marion only arrived at the restaurant at 10 o'clock, so I was quite annoyed. TURN
I was quite annoyed when Marion ______________________________________ at the restaurant until 10 o'clock.
(2) It's possible Jim can drive you to the station in the car. ABLE
Jim might ______________________________________ you a lift to the station in the car.
(3) You don't need an advance payment to book the table. IN
It isn't necessary ______________________________________ to reserve the table.
(4) Despite knowing the correct answer, I didn't say anything. ALTHOUGH
I didn't say ______________________________________ the correct answer.
(5) The teacher gave us one more week to complete our homework. ANOTHER
We ______________________________________ by the teacher to complete our homework.
(6) She couldn't play the piano until she went to university. ABLE
She ______________________________________ the piano before she went to university.
(1) He was surprised at how difficult the exam was. SUCH
He wasn't ______________________________________ exam.
(2) My sister said that it was my fault we missed the bus. BLAMED
My sister ______________________________________ the bus.
(3) I'm not allowed to stay out late on a weekday. LET
My parents ______________________________________ stay out late on a weekday.
(4) It's possible Carl forgot about the meeting. MAY
Carl ______________________________________ about the meeting.
(5) Could you open the window for me please? MIND
Would ______________________________________ for me please?
(6) No one has ever written my homework for me. HAD
I have ______________________________________ by someone else.

Name: _________________________________________