Chuong 3 \ HAP NHA Bail DpALCUONG VE PHAP NHA 6 tit: 2 _ TS. Dang Minh yy Mye tigu es a ae "hap nha. 1. Trinh bay dege dink nghta, pham vi hoat dng wa nhl v4 Cut Phép nl 2. Trinh bay diege ede 16 chite Phap nha. 1. DINH NGHIA Phap nha la sy tmg dung kién thire nha khoa vac Iugt hinh sir vi dan sy (erimina and evi law), drge the thi bo quan 6g ron nae imi justice). Nha st php y (forensic dentists) tham gia hé tro co quan digu tra nham nhie dang ect thi cbn nguyén hoe mt phn tr thi. Ho efng e6 thé duge yéu cl hd trod xée minh tudi tac, ching tc, nghé nghiép, tién sir ring migng va tinh trang kinh té x8 hoi ciia nan nhan. Vige xée dinh duge thye hign bing edch so sn hd so nha khoa cla nar shin true vl sau Ki ctv str dung tinh ming vit cca X quang nha khoa. 2. PHAM VI HOAT DONG VA NHIEM VU) CUA PHAP NHA. Php na (forensic dentistry hay forensic odontology) g6e t tiéng Latin e6 neha :m@t din dam thao lun ede vn dé phdp IY. Php nha la vige xi ly thich hgp, khém nghign va danh gid qua ede bing chimg nha khoa s& duge bao céo phyc vy phap lugt. Cae bing chimg tir ring migng cé thé gidp xéc dinh tuéi (6 tré em) va nhan dang. Digu ndy due thyc hién nhér hé so nha khoa bao gdm X quang, hinh anh va thir ADN trirée va sau kti chét. Cac loai bing chimg khée nhur vé eda nan nan ca ké tin céng trén thn thé nan nhén hoje: én thin thé thi pham hoge trén déi tugmg khde tai hign trong vu dn. Va ge ‘Trong thie hinh, nha si php y &trich nhigm trén 6 Tinh vye chi yéu sau: gh doe thai Xée dinh ti thi aSann wap 4 He axe Xie dinhtrvimg hop tr vong hing Lot | @©¢ - pink gid tin thuong vét cin ~ Danh gid nhing truing hyp bj lam dung (@ tré em, vg chéng hay nguii cao tui ~ Vu dn din sy do = Phéng dodn tudi 3. CHUONG TRINH DAO TAO PHAP NHA. 6c, c6 chuong trinh dio t9o sau dai hoe phip nha cho nha st & ede dai hoe Melbourne, Wester Autralia va Adelaide Met - Mel — Wast es Allele,4. HO SO PHAP NIA TRONG NHONG Vy AN HINH SU’ NOI TENG: VEt cin thudmg 1a mgt di hig cua tha pam lam suy yu sy king ey dé gn nha. Vét cin c6 thé tim thy tn bt eno no trén ex thé, dc big phn ra, vd cn eling 6 thé tim thiy tn mot aghi can kh nan nbn © Phip na déng vai tr quan ire trong shang vy inh syn ten: Nia I 2; Khi ta én xt ph thy 6 Salem, linh mye George Burroughs da bj kée 4a vi sir dung ma thajt kt vi ma qui, bing chimg 11 de cia éng 1a vét cin tren an nhin. Vét cin cua dng va nhing nguti khée duge so sinh vi vét edn trén ngn nbn, Cac thim phin 45 U8 ding chip nin ly vét cin lim bing ching: iy a lin du ign vét chima trong én hinh sy tgi Hoa Kj. Ong d8 bj két én va bj treo eé. Khoding 20 nim sau, Ong duge Nba unde minh oan va eée con ng dupe boi cen duge st yng lam bi thud vi cans Nim 1870, Al. Robinson bi nh nghi git nau din. Nam vét cin duge tim théy tn cin ay nan in. Ong due tha bog me i 6 bing ching vt cin ph hop vi ing Sau dé, ahng bing ching vét cin khOng cin tin tina cho dén nim 1890, vét cin 1s bi dlu dugeghi én wong finh we Khoa hoe. Nim 1928, Sorp ain ior dw can ef bo ring eta nghi pham, ri dem so sinh voi vét cén trén nan nhin, Nam 1930, tai Quebec, Canads, ghi nhin mét truime bop du tién ¢ bing chimg vét efn wén tees sinh bj st hg Mot trong ning edng bé du i vé két én dya trén bing chimg vée edn talyyian Goorin”, nm(i948) na Binh hoe Keith Simpson st dung vétcéntrén ngye nan nhin dé 16 higu hoa sy Ketan éng Robert Gooring ti git vo li Phyllis. Mi tnung hop Khe xy +26 Texas nim 1954, a-vy Doyle ¥. State, vét cin trén miéng phomat & hign truimg mot vu trim, Bj eéo duge yéu clu ein tein miéng phomat Khe dé so sinh, Mot gidm dinh vign moe nha st ddnh gid dbe lip, ho du két lug 1a hai vét edn trén du tir moe bo ring. 22AL Hie Ls nd m —— 2 truong hop niy da xac dink Hing vét cn durge tim thay s8 duge si, 4n trong twong lai. ‘nim 1975 1a vy People v- Marx, \Vige két n tron dé lam bing chimg cho cfc ¥ Mot truimg hap Khe xay ra 6 California ‘not bj thit c8 chét sau khi bi tdn cong tinh dye. Neudi phu nor da bj ein vai va ‘Walter Marx 1a nghi can vi cde déu rang cia minh, Ton thuone mdi da duge lay miu thgch cao durge dan gia wu rang nly cling cae mo hinh khée va so sinh 2D, 3D va lop phir acetate. phy nit 1a eta Marx, hin da bi ke Ba chuyén gia da xée oj i 66 ¥ giét neu (volun, chyp hinh, Cas rnhigu phuomg phap nhu ring vét edn én ngudi manslaughter). 5, CAC TO CHUC PHAP NHA ‘ ME “OM, 06 415 chite trong Tinh vue phap nha: BoLD “= Van phong Nha khoa phép ly (Bureau of Leeol Dentistry: BOLD) ABFO 4 Hoi ding Quan tr] Phap nha Hoa ky (American Board of Forensic Odontol, ‘ABFO) ASFO “+ Hoi Phap nha Hoa ky (American Society of Forensic Odontology: ASFO) pros 4+ Té chire Phap nha Quée 18 (International Organization of Forensic Ode, -____ Stomatology: IOFOS) p nha nhu An (British Assocation for For * Nes “6 cde nurée Kd cing co Hi Phi BAFO Odontology: BAFO), 6 Ue (Australian Society of Forensi AwSFO 54, vin phing Nha khoa phap ly (Bureau ‘of Legal Dentistry: BOLD) dug this nam 1996 t9i dai hoe Brit Kj, nim phat wrién ong nghé vi 8 Jh Columbia Hoa méi trong nganh phdp nha. cehimg nha khoa (dental impression) d) Tineup”) gidng nhu mot 66 su tap nhtng bling ching 161 dc. Hign nay, khi cdc ddu chimg nay (duge tut rnhu mt bing chimg) chi duge so sinh véi mt déu ring ela nghi pham. Sir dung a du chimg nha khoa trong mot dong san phim gitp Php nha giam nhiing sai Keeh nay vé vét cin tir ring cua nghi can. BOLD cing d& hd tro thidt Gp mot co so dire ha sor nha khoa, giip kiém chimg vé mat nha khoa. Co sé dit ligu nay cé thé 0 nt cach sir dung nhimg hé so hinh sy hoBe hd so cua tat c@ bénh nhan nha khoa. 5.2. Hoi ding Quan tri Phap nha Hoa kj (American Board of Forensic ‘Odontol ABFO): nim 1984 da né luc Lim gidm sy khée bigt va ving higu qué cla phuong phin tich vét edn bing céch thiét lip nhng hudng Sn phim pip ub 6 ging thiét lap thugt gir chun dé mé ta vet j¢ Odontology: AuSFO), BOLD khuyén khich sir dung nhieu diu ra mot dong sin phim (“dental xe dinh nhimg thi pham edy ra Nhimg huimg din ni gidm nguy co sal lac ket qua. ‘ABFO cing ra Khuyén cio v8 céc thu thap va bao quan bing chime. vid Khuyén edo thu thip bing chimg DNA va hinh anh chi tiét ea vét cin hign tgi hign truime vy dn. Cac hung din nly cling dé ra ede phuome phip v4 243amd cle nha st phi y cn ghi gn vii, dting vin, inh dang va kich the vét cin, py, Tee ABFO, tng din miy king phai bit bude hai thy hign ma chi fede phuong pn chung duge chip nin, nim png nga cc bing ching tiém ning hich bi cai bo chi vi phuong pp th th eda mha st php king chun Kouble vi Craige si he mit phi bin dom gian ha hung din thang diém cia ABFO dé dim bao sy chinh ‘ae Khi so sinh 6 @ miu tin hon. Mot s6 diém s6 dé dinh gia mite d6 tuong ding gitta vet cin va m6 hinh phi acetate, Diém. sé cdng cao, 49 tuong ding cing lim, Dé don gidn "ea m6 inh, mats de diém duge thu thi theo hung din cia ABFO rin keh thud ‘ahinh dang cung him thi duge dénh id chung, trong khi mot vai dic diém dae biét nhu Khodng ho git cée rng duge xit |W nh mét bién riéng biét. Céc tée gid hy vong phign ‘ban dom ian hoa ndy sé na ihign hugmg din thu 4 TALLIEU THAM KHAO. L.TIENG VIET ong }. Khoa Ring Him Mit & BO mon Giii Pu Bénh - Phép Y, Truimg Dai hoc Y Duge iu 2016), Php nage, Tai igu haw nh nib. cast 2. Bai ling Y php - Dai hge Y Ha n6i 2002, 3. BA gang ly thuyét va thye hinh Phip y hoe - Dei hge Y duge, Bénh vign Chg Ry hip ‘Thanh phd H8 Chi Minh 1997, wry TL TIENG ANH rr 4-G. A. Gresham, 1974, A Colour Atlas of Forensic Pathology, Wolfe Medical Atlases 5. Jane Taylor, Jules Kieser, 2016, Forensic odontelogy : principles and practice, John Ry Wiley & Sons Inc, 6.David R. Senn, Richard A. Weems, 2013, Manual of Forensic Odontology, CRC Pres, ny BoLD at = dai dung nha haa. ABFO daa. p Quin . vit eat i" atu, thap: ft bate quan bing chug, DNA