Nursing 202 Anatomy & Physiology

Lecture Guide January 31, 2019

Adaptive Immunity
Today’s Objectives
6. Describe how B cells and T cells arise and function in adaptive immunity
7. Describe how self-recognition and self-tolerance develop.
8. Explain the relationship between antigen and an antibody
9. Distinguish between the actions of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells
10. Distinguish between the primary and secondary response to an infection.

Lecture Outline

I. Lymphocytes

a. Stem Cell:
i. T Lymphocytes

ii. B Lymphocytes

iii. NK Lymphoblast

b. Generation of Clonal Diversity

c. Clonal Selection

i. Effector Cells

ii. Memory cells

iii. Lymph Node

iv. Spleen

II. Developing Self-Recognition

a. Two step process to determine “quality” for both B and T cells

i. Deletion

ii. Anergy

b. T-cells
i. Step 1
ii. Step 2
 Nursing 202 Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture Guide January 31, 2019

c. B-cells
i. Step 1
ii. Step 2

II. Antigen - Chemical substances that are recognized as foreign by antigen receptors in the
body.

a. Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens

b. Antigen Identification.
i. B-Cells (humoral)

ii. T cells (Cell-mediated)

1. Antigen-presenting Cells

2. Activate T Cells (Co-stimulation)

3. CD4 vs CD8
a. Normally ratio is between 1 and 4 (more CD4 than CD8)

III. Cytotoxic T Cell vs Natural Killer Cell

a. Similar Function

i. Ganzymes
 Nursing 202 Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture Guide January 31, 2019

ii. Perforin

b. Different Mechanism of Recognition

i. Cytotoxic

ii. Natural Killer

IV. Primary and Secondary Response

a. Naturally acquired

b. Artificially acquired

c. Active Immunity

d. Passive Immunity