LITERATURE REVIEW

The paper by Neeraj Guhagarkar suggests that the rapid advancements in Deep
Learning have facilitated the proliferation of Deepfake videos, created using
techniques such as GANs and autoencoders. These videos, categorized into
Head Puppetry, Face swapping, and Lip-syncing, pose significant societal risks,
as evidenced by instances like the malicious Deepfake plot targeting journalist
Rana Ayyub. To address this issue, researchers have explored various detection
systems, including Machine Learning techniques like SVM, Deep Learning
techniques such as CNN, and hybrid models like CNN with LSTM. Among
these approaches, CNN combined with LSTM has shown promising accuracy in
distinguishing between real and fake videos, utilizing diverse datasets for
classification. The integration of features like background color manipulation
and head pose inconsistencies further enhances the detection capabilities of
these models, underscoring the critical need for robust Deepfake detection
mechanisms in light of the escalating use of such videos globally[1].
The paper by Nima Jafari Navimipour describes the use of Deep Learning (DL)
in various sectors such as healthcare, industry, and academia has proven to be
effective in addressing complex challenges like thyroid diagnosis, lung nodule
recognition, computer vision, and large data analytics. However, advancements
in digital technology have also led to the creation of software that poses threats
to democracy, national security, and confidentiality, with deepfake technology
being a notable example. Deepfakes, generated using DL methods like auto-
encoders and generative adversarial networks (GANs), can create convincing
fake images, videos, and audio that are difficult to distinguish from real content.
The widespread availability of user-friendly software packages has made
multimedia manipulation more accessible, raising concerns about the spread of
false information and its potential negative impacts on society. Deepfakes have
been used maliciously for purposes such as spreading fake news, impersonating
individuals, and creating fraudulent content. Detecting and combating deepfakes
using DL-based algorithms has become crucial to safeguarding the authenticity
of digital content and preventing the manipulation of public opinion. Further
research and collaboration between government, industry, and academia are
essential to develop intelligent solutions for addressing the challenges posed by
deepfake technology[2].
The paper by Mubasher H.Malik describes that Deep Learning (DL) technology
has been widely utilized across various industries, including medical imaging,
data mining, image processing, and machine vision. The emergence of deep-
fake videos, created using DL technology to manipulate faces in videos, has
garnered significant attention from researchers. Various DL-based techniques
have been developed to detect deep-fake videos, with recent studies focusing on
the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM) -CNN approaches. The increasing prevalence of deep fakes
on social media platforms has underscored the importance of developing
effective detection methods to mitigate potential harm caused by the
dissemination of fake content[3].
The paper by Alakananda Mitra suggests that the issue of deepfake videos and
image forgery has become a significant concern in recent years due to the
advancement of deep learning technology. These manipulated videos, where a
person's face, emotion, or speech is replaced with someone else's, pose serious
threats to individuals and society, particularly on vulnerable platforms like
social media. While there are existing works for detecting deepfake videos, few
have focused on social media content. This paper presents a novel neural
network-based method for detecting fake videos, utilizing a convolutional
neural network (CNN) and a classifier network to achieve high accuracy with
reduced computational requirements. The proposed approach aims to address
the social and economic impacts of fake videos in social media, offering a
promising step towards edge-based fake video detection. Further research is
needed to explore deepfake detection in other media formats such as National
IDs[4].
The paper by Ashifur Rahman gives the idea about the rapid growth of Deep
Learning (DL) based applications has led to significant advancements in solving
critical problems such as big data analysis, computer vision, and human brain
interfacing. However, the rise of deepfake videos, created using artificial
intelligence algorithms, poses serious threats to privacy, democracy, and
national security. Deepfakes can manipulate videos to deceive the public,
influence election results, and incite tensions between countries. While
deepfakes have potential positive applications in visual effects and digital
avatars, the proliferation of malicious deepfakes underscores the urgent need for
robust detection methods. Research efforts, such as DARPA's Media Forensics
program and Facebook's Deepfake Detection Challenge, aim to address the
growing concerns surrounding deepfake technology and its impact on
society[5].
REFERENCES

1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation ISSN(Online)

by Neeraj Guhagarkar,Sanjana Desai,Swanand Vaishyampayan,Ashwini Save.
DEEPFAKE DETECTION TECHNIQUES:A REVIEW ON 2021(NCRENB-
2021).
2. Nima Jafari Navimipour,Arash Heidari,Hasan Dag, Mehmet Unal,
Department of Software Engineering, Halic University,Istanbul,34060,Turkey.
DEEPFAKE DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING METHODS: A
SYSTEMATIC AND COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON 2023.
3. Journal of Computing & Biomedical informatics ISSN:2710-1606 by
Mubasher H.Malik,Hamid Ghous,Salman Qadri,Syed Ali Nawaz,and Anam
Anwar.FREQUENCY-BASED DEEP-FAKE VIDEO DETECTION USING
DEEP LEARNING METHODS ON 2023.
4. Alakananda Mitra,Saraju P. Mohanty,Peter Corcan ,Elias Kougianos.A
MACHNE LEARNING BASED APPROACH FOR DEEPFAKE DETECTION
IN SOCIAL MEDIA THROUGH KEY VIDEO FRAME EXTRACTION ON 2022
5. Australian Journal Of Engineering and Innovative Technology by Ashifur
Rahman,Md. Mazharul Islam,Mohasina Jannat Moon,Tahera Tasnim,Nipo
Siddique,Md. Shahiduzzaman and Samsuddin Ahmed.A QUALITATIVE
SURVEY ON DEEP LEARNING BASED DEEP FAKE VIDEO CREATION
AND DETECTION METHOD ON 2022.

SUBMITTED BY
Nazreen V S
CA665 Batch18